Intuitive Visualization Basics

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Data Visualization is not entirely new!
The history of data visualization goes way back to 2nd century C.E. Initially, data was arranged into rows and columns, and it evolved to the initial quantitative representations in the 17th century.
Where Data Meets Design!
The human brain processes information easier using charts or graphs than poring over spreadsheets or reports. Here is a short motion graphic on how data visualization can easily convey concepts in a universal manner.
Origin of Data Visualization
Let us understand the origin of data visualization, how nature of visualization has changed with changing scale of data. Let's take a look at some modern data visualizations to get some inspiration.
What is the purpose of using a dashboard for data visualization?
They are excellent for exaggerating information.
They are simple and use only one type of chart.
Dashboards are not recommended.
Communicate the information clearly and concisely.
How does visualization of big data help in interpreting information?
Presents the data in different colors.
Presents the data in a clear and coherent way.
Presents the data in the format of templates.
Presents the data as numbers.
What needs to be considered first before you start a data visualization presentation?
The data you are using.
The graphics design program you are going to use.
The audience you are presenting the data to.
The type of charts you will use.
Data Visualization makes complex data more __________.
Simple - ERRADO
Complex
Rigorous
Understandable
Basic Visual Elements of Design
Let us take a look at some basic visual elements of design that need to be considered while creating visualizations.
Edward Tufte's Principles
In this video, you will learn the basic principles of visualization as discussed by Edward Tufte - An American statistician and professor of political science, statistics, and computer science.
Principles of Gestalt Psychology
The Principles of Gestalt Psychology will provide techniques that could be used in design. This will make it easily perceivable for a user and help avoid some common mistakes.
Principles of Gestalt Psychology for Data Visualization
We've seen a sample of Tufte's design principles and Gestalt psychology. There are several books on design principles, and we encourage you to take a look at them. Having a good understanding of design principles can help make effective visualizations!
Which type of visual aspect could be considered ineffective or not very accurate at conveying quantitative or ordinal data?
Size or length
Shapes
Colors
Position and size
Which law of Gestalt psychology explains an individual's ability to perceive objects as shapes, letters, and pictures as being whole while they are not?
Law of Past Experiences
Law of Closure
Law of Similarity
Law of Common Fate -ERRADO
As per Edward Tufte, good visualizations strive towards _______________.
great Design and Graphic Usage
encouraging viewers to draw comparisons
visualizing the data in a single dashboard
describing Data thoroughly
While at a party you notice a group of people in the crowd headed in the same direction. Your tendency to group them is due to
Law of Good
Law of Similarity
Law of Common Fate
Law of Past Experiences
Introduction to Visualization Techniques
Visualizations have become increasingly vital to communicate real-time, actionable insights to support decision-making. Failing to choose appropriate visualizations leaves the audience wondering what they should do. Choosing the right type of visualization depends on a number of factors. It depends on what you need to show, what information the audience needs and the level of detail they need.
Visualization Techniques
You will now learn about some of the most widely used visualization techniques. You will also learn when to use them to communicate information effectively.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Line Charts are commonly preferred while analyzing a trend over a period.
Further, the line plot is also suitable where there is a need to compare relative changes in quantities across some variable like time.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Bar Plots are suitable to depict a comparison between cumulative totals across several groups.
Stacked Plots are used for bar plots for various categories.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Box Plot shows five statistically significant numbers - the minimum, the 25th percentile, the median, the 75th percentile and the maximum.
It is useful for visualizing the spread of data and for deriving inferences accordingly.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Scatter plots help in inspecting multiple variables simultaneously by color coding.
Scatter plots reveal the relationship or association between two variables; the extent to which one variable is affected by another.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Decision Trees are excellent tools that help in choosing the right action among several courses of actions.
They provide a highly effective structure to lay out options and investigate the possible outcomes of choosing those options.
Basic types of Charts and Plots
Histograms are used to plot quantitative data, and the ranges of the data are grouped into bins or intervals.
Histograms show distributions of variables while bar charts compare variables.
Food for Thought
Did You Know? The human eye cannot visualize circular distances as accurately as linear distances.
Simply put, anything that can be expressed in a pie chart is better represented as a line graph.
What differentiates histogram from a bar chart?
Length of bar
Width of bar
Gap between bars
Color of bar
What type of chart can be used to place some emphasis on any trends in the data visualization presentation?
Line
Graphic
Bar
Doughnut
When using a Bar Chart, the data values are represented by _______________.
Length of bar
Color of bar
Thickness of bar
Volume of bar
A bar graph is used to represent which type of data?
Stacked - ERRADO
Discrete
Piled
Continuous
Which chart displays data as a collection of points, each having one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and other variable determining the position on the vertical axis?
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Scatter Plot
Boxplot
nteractivity in the Data Visualizations
So far, we've seen a few commonly used visualizations that enable users to interpret data. To make data interactive, data visualizations use technology to drill down data into charts and interactively change what data the user sees and how they process it. This will enable users to explore data sets on their own and find patterns in data that were not evident before.
Common Types of Interactivity
This video introduces the common types of interactivity in the Data Visualization that enables users to play with some aspects of the data or presentation and gain insights at the level they are looking for.
Next in path
Let's take a look at a few advanced visualization techniques like Parallel Coordinate Plots and Treemaps. 'Parallel Coordinates' is a visualization technique for understanding multi-dimensional numerical datasets. Here, each dimension corresponds to a vertical axis, and each data element is displayed as a series of connected points along the axes.
Tree Maps
Treemap is a 2D visualization technique for quickly analyzing large, hierarchical data. Each data element in a treemap is represented as a cell. The cell arrangement, size, color are each mapped to an attribute of that element, and these cells can be grouped by common attributes. Treemap provides users with the ability to see both the high-level overview and finer details of data.
Interactivity in Visualizations enables users to ____________.
Enhance Visual Representation.
Find answers to very specific questions.
Simplify Data.
All the options 
Which of the following cannot be a geo-dimension?
State/Province
Country
Zip Code
Mobile Number
A Manufacturing company wants to view the performance of various plants based on Throughput, Wastage, Returns, Downtime,and Manufacturing Cost per Unit. Which chart would be best for this task?
Scatter Plot
Heat Map
Tree map 
Parallel Coordinate Plot
Which of the following is a powerful visualization technique for illustrating hierarchical data and part-to-whole relationships?
Tree map
Heat Map
Parallel Coordinate Plot
Relational Map
Which map is a two-dimensional representation of data in which values are represented by colors?
Scatterplot
Stem Map
Heat Map
Color Graph