cel0572_testeConhecimento

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1. 
 
 
Read the sentences below and choose the conjunctions which best fit in the blanks. 
You can do it ........ you like. 
........ the road was icy, the old lady fell down the stairs. 
You can have fish ........ chicken. 
The weather was very beautiful yesterday, ........ I chose to stay home and work. 
Lucy is a good friend of mine ........ we don't see each other very often. 
........ you run, you will be late for work 
 when - because - neither - though - even if - when 
 however - because - or - but - though - even if 
 
 because - however - but - because - although - whereas 
 
 since - as - either - but - although - though 
 
 whereas - since - or - however - when - although. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In this type of question , the aim is to check if the students are able to use conjunctions 
appropriately. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Which of the following is NOT a Coordinating Conjunction? 
 Whereas 
 
 Yet 
 
 For 
 
 And 
 But 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet are the seven coordinating conjunctions. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
Which of the following sentences DOES NOT follow the rules of punctuation regarding coordinating 
conjunctions? 
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 I love the cookies Jimmy loves, yet he never buys them for me. 
 
 Lisa bought a new umbrella or used her old one. 
 
 My mother wanted love, hope, peace, and joy. 
 Celebrations, and gifts make up the rest. 
 
 
Perhaps no budget is without some fat, but university officials argue that their unique function 
requires special standards of evaluation. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Commas are not used between two verbs, two subjects, two complements, or two objects joined by a 
coordinating conjunction 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
Which of the following conjunctions is similar to "but," in that it is used to join two contrasting ideas and 
really emphasizes a contrast? 
 
 Or 
 
 Nor 
 
 So 
 Yet 
 
 For 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
To show the contrast between two ideas we can use the following sentence connectors. 
But, although, despite the fact that, however, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, yet. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
Read the text below: 
"That the telling of tales is a constant activity everywhere seems clear 
enough, yet this activity is by no means uniform in the various parts of 
the world, and as one moves over the continents, he finds extraordinary 
variability within the uniformity of the general practice. At first view this 
variety may seem merely kaleidoscopic and lawless. However, only a 
little careful study is needed to show that, like other elements of human 
culture, folktales are not mere creatures of chance. They exist in time 
and space. They are also affected by the nature of the land where they 
are current, by the linguistic and social contacts of its people, and by the 
lapse of the years and their accompanying historic changes. An approach 
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to the understanding of the folktales of the world demands, therefore, 
that use be made of all possible resources furnished by the labors of 
historians, geographers, ethnographers, and 
psychologists, whose theories can be used to back up future 
discoveries." 
(THOMPSON, Stith. The Folktale. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977, P.13) 
► Which of the items in bold exemplifies a coordinating conjunction indicating contrast? 
 
 and 
 yet 
 
 whose 
 
 like 
 
 therefore 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The coordinating conjunction YET is used to indicate contrast. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
► Which of the sentences below contains a subordinating conjunction? 
 
 They seldom win, yet they keep on trying. 
 
 He arrived on time for class, but he forgot all his materials. 
 When she got home, she found a present on the table. 
 
 You can study the lessons in advance or you can read all texts in the last minute. 
 
 Paul didn´t read the texts for the test, nor did he attend most of the classes. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Nor, but, or, yet are coordinating conjunctions. 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
What type of sentence is composed of INDEPENDENT CLAUSES only? 
 Noun Phrase 
 
 Adverbial Phrase 
 
 Simple 
 
 Complex 
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 Compound 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, 
semicolon or conjunction. An independent clause is a clause that has a subject and verb and forms a 
complete thought." ( study.com ) 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
Conjunctions are the 'joining words' of a language. A sentence is broken up into parts and joined 
together as a whole by using these connecting words of the English language.. 
Which of the following comments IS NOT appropriate as far as conjunctions are concerned? 
 
 
"As" and "since" are usually used to show that the reason why something happened is not as 
important as the main clause, or that the reason is well-known already. 
 
Because can be used as a conjunction as it is portrayed in: The game was cancelled because of 
the heavy rain. 
 
 
"For" is usually used to indicate that the reason is an afterthought, an idea that emerges once 
the first idea is stated. 
 
"For" is similar in meaning to "because," "as," or "since." However, "because" usually suggests 
that the reason is the most important part of the idea. 
 
 
For is also used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship and indicates a reason why 
something happens. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Because can be either used as a conjunction or in a prepositional phrase. 
As a conjunction (connecting two clauses): We go to work bu bus because it is cheaper. 
In the prepositinal phrase because of : The game was cancelled because of the heavy rain. 
 
 
1. 
 
 
Which of the following sentences has a noun clause whose function is that of a subject complement? 
 
 I didn¿t know my dogs would jump over the fence. 
 
 Peter's mother is happy that he is playing the piano. 
 Susan looks as if she is a wealthy woman. 
 His choice, for her to bring the kids the week after, seems logical. 
 
 Most critics consider one theme of the story what you wrote about in your final paragraph. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 Subject complements come after linking verbs. In: Susan looks as if she is a wealthy woman, LOOK is a 
linking verb so " as if she is a wealthy woman." is a subject complement. 
 
 
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2. 
 
 
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Some clauses are independent, others 
are dependent. Dependent clauses act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. A dependent clause that acts as 
a noun is called a noun clause. 
In the following noun clause, Paul Newman, who was a very famous movie actor, died many years ago, 
why is it necessary the use of commas? 
 
 Because we do not use commas with appositives, even if they are noun clauses. 
 
 Because appositive clauses do not ask for commas. 
 
 Because Paul Newman has already died, so the use of commas is unecessary. 
 
 
Because , in some cases, the noun being explained is too general without the appositive; the 
information is essential to the meaning of the sentence. When this is the case, do not place 
commas around the appositive. 
 
Because ´who was a very famous movieactor´ functions as the appositive. Noun clauses are 
nominals and can act as appositives. In that case, they may require commas if they are not 
essential to the meaning of the sentence.. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Noun clauses are nominals and can act as appositives. In that case, they may require commas if they are 
not essential to the meaning of the sentence.. 
Here, the words his original statement identify which statement is meant, so the noun clause provides 
information that is merely additional and not essential. 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
In which alternative the noun clause is an object of a preposition? 
 
 b) What Billy did, shocked his friends. 
 
 c) I will give whoever gets the best mark a new calculator. 
 
 a) She knows what my name is. 
 d) I felt happy that I am able to communicate. 
 e) Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"What Billy did" is the noun clause and its function is that of object of the ppreposition 'for'. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
Read the text below: 
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Since their expulsion from Spain in 1492, Sephardic Jews have managed to maintain 
their Jewish faith and Spanish group identity and have developed a uniquely Judeo-
Spanish culture wherever they settled. Among the important cultural ties within these 
Sephardic groups are Judeo-Spanish folktales, stories that have been passed down from 
generation to generation, either in the distinct language of the group, Judeo-Spanish 
(Ladino), or in other languages, such as Hebrew. In The Heart Is a Mirror, what Tamar 
Alexander-Frizer does is to examines the folk narratives of Sephardic Jews to view 
them both in relation to universal narrative traditions and the traditions of Jewish culture. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-Folktale-
Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What is the function of the highlighted noun clause in the passage above? 
 
 Indirect Object 
 
 Direct Object 
 
 Object of a preposition 
 
 Subject Complement 
 Subject 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Since the noun clause is positioned before the main verb, it functions as the subject. 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
In order to master the grammar of a language, we need to understand certain details about it. 
Choose the comment among the ones below which is INCORRECT. 
 A clause is always considered as a full grammatical sentence. 
 
Another term for dependent clause is subordinate clause: this means that the clause is 
subordinate to another element (the independent clause) and depends on that other element for 
its meaning. 
 
 
Clauses can be either independent clauses (also called main clauses) or dependent clauses (also 
called subordinate clauses). 
 
 
A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as 
"in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment". 
 
 According to AZAR (1989), a clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
An independent clause (or main clause) contains both a subject and predicate, can stand alone as a 
sentence (a simple sentence), or be a part of a multi-clause sentence. Clauses well connected are 
usually nicely balanced. 
That is to say: some clauses can stand by themselves, as separate sentences, and some can't. 
 
 
 
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6. 
 
 
Syntax is the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence. It concerns both word order and 
agreement in the relationship between words. Syntax is primarily concerned with structure of 
sentences. Syntax is a component of grammar. 
Check the appropriate syntactic function of the noun clause in the sentence below: 
I will give whoever helps me wash my dogs a reward. 
 
 Subject complement. 
 
 Direct object. 
 
 Object complement. 
 Indirect object. 
 
 Subject. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
An indirect object is a word or phrase that informs to whom or for whom something is being done. It 
can be a person, an animal, or a thing. 
In this case, ' whoever helps me wash my dogs ' is the noun clause which functions as an indirect object. 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence? 
That Lucy learns how to sing is a miracle. 
 
 Object of the preposition 
 
 Indirect Object 
 
 Predicative 
 
 Object 
 Subject 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 
A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. It can be used as the subject, direct object, 
indirect object, object of a preposition, subject complement, or appositive. 
Subject: What I had forgotten was that I had a test today. 
 
 
 
 
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8. 
 
 
What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence? 
I am interested in learning science. 
 Object of the preposition 
 
 Predicative 
 
 Indirect Object 
 
 Object 
 
 Subject 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In this case, the correct answer is the of an object of a preposition, since 'in' is a preposition and what 
comes after it functions as an object of a preposition. 
 
 
 
 
1. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
In part 1 of the book, Alexander-Frizer investigates the relationship between folk 
literature and group identity via the stories' connection to Hebrew canonical sources, 
their historical connection to the land of origin, their treatment of prominent family 
members and historical events, and their connection to the surrounding culture in the 
lands of the Spanish Diaspora. Part 2 contains an analysis of several important genres 
and subgenres present in the folktales, which includes legends, ethical tales, fairy 
tales, novellas, and humorous tales. Finally, in part 3, Alexander-Frizer discusses the art 
of storytelling, introducing the theatrical and rhetorical aspects tied up in the Sephardic 
folktales, such as the storyteller, the audience, and the circumstances of time and place. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-Folktale-Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage above? 
 An adjective clause having a non-restrictive function 
 
 An adjective clause having a restrictive function 
 A noun clause functioning as the subject 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the indirect object 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the direct object 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the example, the clause which includes provides extra information, a characteristic of non-restrictive 
adjective clauses. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
In which alternative the sentences are not correctly joined? 
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 a) They´re the birds. I fed them this morning. - They´re the birds (which) I fed this morning. 
 
d) She´s the woman. The film was made in her house. - She´s the woman whose house the film 
was made in. 
 
 
c) I´m the witness. My evidence led to his arrest. - I´m the witness whose evidence led to his 
arrest. 
 
 
e) He's the accountant. You recommended him to me. - He´s the accountant (whom) you 
recommended to me. 
 b) You are the expert. We want your advice. - You are the expert which advice we want. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
You are the expert. We want your advice. - You are the expert which advice we want. 
The right answer should be: You are the expert whose advice we want. 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
In which clause the relative pronoun is NOT analyzed correctly? 
 
 I spoke to the woman WHO owns the hotel. (subject)Mr. Jones, for WHOM I was working, was a very tolerant man. (prepositional complement) 
 
 I congratulated Mrs. Jones, WHOSE son had won the first prize. (possessive determiner) 
 
 Do you remember the time WHEN we ate an entire pie in one sitting? (adverbial) 
 She introduced me to her husband, WHO(M) I hadn¿t met before. (subject) 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: "He is the man. I sent the money to him." 
 
 a) He is the man to whom I sent the money. 
 
 b) He is the man who(m) I sent the money. 
 e) He is the man whose I sent the money to. 
 
 c) He is the man I sent the money to. 
 
 d) He is the man that I sent the money. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The following structure of a sentence is inadequate: He is the man whose I sent the money to. 
 
 
 
 
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5. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
In ten succinct chapters, Marina Warner digs into a rich hoard of fairy tales in their 
brilliant and fantastical variations, so that she can define a genre and evaluate a literary 
form that has been shifting through time and history. Her book makes a persuasive 
case for fairy tale, a crucial repository of human understanding and culture. 
(Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Once-Upon-Time-Short-History/dp/0198718659 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage above? 
 An adjective clause having a restrictive function 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the direct object 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the subject 
 
 An adjective clause having a non-restrictive function 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the indirect object 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the example, the clause that has been shifting characterizes and circumscribes the previous 
item literary form. Since it not placed between commas, it has a restrictive function in that context. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
Read the text below. Put in the right relative pronouns ONLY where necessary. Then choose the the 
correct option below. 
 A CHANCE IN A MILLION: "Cissie, the woman (1)...... works in our office, wanted to phone Mr. 
Robinson, but she dialed the wrong number. The number (2)...... she dialed turned out to be the number 
of a public call box in the street. A man,(3)..... was passing at the time, heard the phone ringing and 
answered it. 'Is that Mr. Robinson?' Cissie asked. 'Speaking,' the man answered. It turned out that the 
man (4)..... she was speaking to was actually called Robinson and had just happened to be passing the 
call box when she rang! 
 
 which - Ø - that - which 
 
 whose - that - who - Ø 
 who - Ø - who - Ø 
 
 who - which - that - which 
 
 whose - Ø - that - Ø 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned previously, whether they are 
people, places, things, animals, or ideas. Relative pronouns can be used to join two 
sentences." ( http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/relative-pronouns/ ) 
 
 
 
 
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7. 
 
 
Consider how these two sentences can be combined and choose the appropriate answer: 
I introduced my husband to Sally. Sally's mother is my neighbor. 
 
 Sally's mother is my neighbor who I introduced my husband to her. 
 I introduced my husband to Sally, whose mother is my neighbor. 
 
 I introduced my husband to Sally whose mother is my neighbor. 
 
 I introduced Sally to my husband that is my neighbor. 
 
 I introduced my husband to Sally which mother is my neighbor. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The purpose of the question was to check if the student mastered the use of relative pronouns and rules 
of punctuation. 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
Relative pronouns can perform syntactic functions in the English language. What is the syntactic function 
of the relative pronoun in the sentence below? 
I spoke to the man who owns the department store. 
 
 Subject complement. 
 Subject. 
 
 Direct object. 
 
 Indirect object. 
 Object complement. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A subject is a word, phrase, or clause that performs the action of or acts upon the verb functioning as the 
predicate. (webclass) 
 
1. 
 
 
As far as adverb clauses are concerned, which of the following is correctly punctuated? 
 
 The students left, before the speeches. 
 I arrived early so as not to miss anything. 
 
 He walked carefully, in order to appear fair. 
 
 Her golden retriever died, when she was young. 
 
 
The best thing to do when you've got a dead body on the kitchen floor, and you don't know what 
to do about it is to make yourself a good strong cup of tea. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A comma is usually not used when the adverb clause follows the main clause. 
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2. 
 
 
Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi". 
 
 e) Result 
 
 a) Comparative 
 
 b) Concessive 
 d) Reason 
 
 c) Conditional 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 In "[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi"., it means that I need to take a taxi because I don´t know 
how to get to a certain place. There is a reason for my choice. 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
What does the following adverbial clause indicate? 
Since you cannot sew your own clothes yourself, you will have to ask Julie to do it for you. 
 
 Purpose. 
 Reason. 
 
 Comparison. 
 
 Manner. 
 
 Contrast. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Reason clauses broadly answer the question Why? And can be introduced by the following conjunctions: 
because, as, seeing (that), since. 
We often begin sentences with as or since because the reasons they refer to may be known to the person 
spoken to and therefore do not be emphasized. 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
These are comments about adverbial clauses. 
Which of them is inappropriate? 
 
Place clauses define the location of the object of the main clause. These clauses answer the 
question Where? And can be introduced by the conjunctions: where, wherever, anywhere and 
everywhere. 
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The subordinating conjunction in adverbial clauses may indicate relationships, such as: cause, 
concession, comparison, condition, place, or time. 
 
Concessive clauses are used to concede a given point in an argument. The principle concessive 
conjunctions introducing a concessive clause are: although, considering (that), though, even 
though, even if; much as , while, whereas, however, much/badly/good, etc., no matter how, 
etc., no matter how much. They ought to be used in the beginning of the clause. 
 
 
According to Baker (2001), an adverbial clause is a word or expression in the sentence that 
functions as an adverb; that is, it tells you something about how the action in the verb was done. 
 
 An adverbial clause is separated from the other clauses by subordinating conjunctions. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Concessive conjunctions can be placed at the beginning, internally or at the end of the sentence. 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
Since Sephardic Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, they have 
managed to maintain their Jewish faith and Spanish group identity and have 
developed a uniquely Judeo-Spanish culture wherever they settled. Among 
the important cultural ties within these Sephardic groups are Judeo-Spanish 
folktales, stories that have been passed down from generation to generation, 
either in the distinct language of the group, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), or in 
other languages, such as Hebrew. In The Heart Is a Mirror, Tamar 
Alexander-Frizer examines thefolk narratives of Sephardic Jews to view 
them both in relation to universal narrative traditions and the traditions of 
Jewish culture. 
Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Mirror-Sephardic-Folktale-Anthropology/dp/0814329713 
► What kind of subordinate clause is highlighted in the passage above? 
 
 An adverbial clause indicating concession 
 
 An adjective clause having a restrictive function 
 An adverbial cause indicating time 
 
 An adverbial cause indicating reason 
 
 A noun clause functioning as the direct object 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The structure since is used in adverbial clauses to indicate time. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''[Although he worked hard], he failed the final 
exam''. 
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 Conditional 
 
 Reason 
 
 Comparative 
 Result 
 Concessive 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Adverbial clauses of time, reason, purpose and condition proved to be the most important for different 
researchers. Following these, only supplementative clauses, clauses of concession, of manner, result and 
comment are normally studied. 
In this case, a clause of concession is mentioned. 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi.'' 
 
 Comparative 
 
 Result 
 
 Concessive 
 Reason 
 
 Conditional 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
I'll take a taxi as (because) I don't know the way. Or else: The reson for me to get a taxi is because I 
don´ t know how to get there. 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
Justify the position of the adverb clause in the following: 
When Bob asked Pat for a candy, she said she didn't have any. 
 
 The adverb clause can only be used after the main clause. 
 
 Adverb clauses ought not to be used in written language so as to avoid misunderstanding. 
 
 Placing the adverb clause in the middle is regarded as an old fashionable use. 
 
If the action described in the adverb clause precedes the action in the main clause, it is logical to 
place the adverb clause at the beginning of the sentence. 
 
 An adverb clause commonly appears after the main clause. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
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The explanation is already clear. If the action described in the adverb clause precedes the action in the 
main clause, it is logical to place the adverb clause at the beginning of the sentence. 
1. 
 
 
There are three main types of elliptical construction. 
Identify the type of elliptical construction which has occurred in the following and check which one IS 
NOT adequate. 
 
 When Roksane brings her dog, Daniel brings his [dog] too. - noun ellipsis 
 The soldiers went swimming, and Peter went [swimming], too. - verb ellipsis. 
 
 My mother plays the piano, and my nephew [plays] the violin. verb ellipsis. 
 
 
The old lady went for a walk in the park, but her husband didn´t [go for a walk]. - verb phrase 
ellipsis. 
 
 Jeniffer will sell sea shells, and Jonathan will [ sell sea shells] too. - verb phrase ellipsis 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In: The soldiers went swimming, and Peter went [swimming], too, ' swimming ' is a noun, so in this case , 
we are dealing with a noun ellipsis and not with a verb ellipsis. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Choose the CORRECT correlative conjunction for the following sentence: ''When they found the man who 
had been lost for four days, he was ___tired __hungry". 
 not only ..... but also 
 
 as ..... as 
 
 either ..... or 
 
 not as ..... as 
 
 neither ..... nor 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
" Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use 
both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that 
they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include 
pairs like ¿both/and,¿ ¿whether/or,¿ ¿either/or,¿ ¿neither/nor,¿ ¿not/but¿ and ¿not only/but also.¿ 
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/correlative-conjunctions.html ) 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
A correlative conjunction is a paired conjunction (such as not only . . . but also) that links balanced 
words, phrases, and clauses. The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel ¿ 
that is, similar in length and grammatical form. 
Check the sentences below to see if they were all correctly constructed. Most of them were, except ... 
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Neither Debra nor Lucy expressed her annoyance when the cat, Baltazar, broke the antique 
lamp. 
 
 I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV. 
 Not only Mary grilled burgers for Michael, but she also prepared a steak for her dog, Marley. 
 
 Every night, either loud music or fighting neighbors wake John from his sleep. 
 
 Paul is not only intelligent, but also very funny. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Not only did Mary grill burgers for Michael, but she also fixed a steak for her dog, Marley. 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
The following quote from Albert Einstein examplifies the use of a specific type of conjunction. Which one? 
''The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know.'' 
 
 Metaphorical 
 
 Alternative 
 
 Idiosyncratic 
 
 Elliptical 
 Correlative 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use 
both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that 
they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include 
pairs like ¿both/and,¿ ¿whether/or,¿ ¿either/or,¿ ¿neither/nor,¿ ¿not/but¿ and ¿not only/but also.¿ 
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/correlative-conjunctions.html) 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
Drawing on cognitive science, evolutionary theory, anthropology, psychology, literary theory, and other 
fields, Zipes presents a nuanced argument about how fairy tales originated in ancient oral cultures, how 
they evolved through the rise of literary culture and print, and how, in our own time, they continue to 
change through their adaptation in an ever-growing variety of media. In making his case, Zipes both 
considers a wide range of fascinating examples (including fairy tales told, collected, and written by women 
in the nineteenth century) and reflects upon Catherine Breillat's film adaptation of Perrault's "Bluebeard", 
contemporary fairy-tale drawings, paintings, sculptures, and photographs that critique canonical print 
versions. 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use of: 
 The use of correlative conjunctions 
 
 The use of conjunctions in adjective clauses 
https://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
https://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
 The use of elliptical clauses 
 
 The use of subordinate clauses 
 The use of conjunctions in adverbial clauses 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The structure both (clause) ... and (clause) ... refers to correlative conjunctions. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
In which alternative the correlative conjunction is NOT PARALLEL? 
 BOTH my sisters AND my cousins are invited to the party. 
 
 The secretary is EITHER working at her desk OR visiting the dean. 
 I wondered WHETHER to make the telephone call NOR to see her in person. 
 
 NEITHER my sisters NOR my cousins are invited to the party. 
 
 NOT ONLY my sisters BUT ALSO my cousins are invited to the party. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Parallel constructions would ask for the use of: whether... or 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
Besides subordinateand coordinate clauses, there are other types that we should pay attention to. 
Read the following comments and choose the one which IS NOT appropriate. 
 
Intercalated clauses are clauses which are separated from the rest of the paragraph by some 
kind of pause. In written, they are signaled by full stop, comma, dash, semicolon or 
parentheses. 
 An elliptical clause may be either independent or subordinate. 
 
 
Whenever there is a correlative conjunction, the clauses are going to be classified as correlative 
clauses according to this conjunction. 
 
 
Elliptical Clauses or Elliptical Constructions are some special clauses in English, in which certain 
words are omitted. 
 
 
The main aim of the choice for a correlative conjunction is to emphasize the implicit idea given 
by this conjunction. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Intercalated clauses are clauses which are separated from the rest of the sentence by a pause. In 
written, they are signaled by comma, dash or parentheses. 
 
 
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8. 
 
 
Whenever there is a correlative conjunction, the clauses are going to be classified as correlative clauses 
according to this conjunction. 
How would you classify the sentences below? 
Such was the nature of their relationship that they never would have made it even if they¿d wanted to. 
 Additive correlative clause. 
 Comparative correlative clause. 
 
 Result correlative clause. 
 
 Alternative correlative clause. 
 
 Time correlative clause. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The correct answer is Comparative correlative clause, since the correlatives : As/as - Such/that - As 
many/as -Rather/than are associated with comparison. 
 
1. 
 
 
The following sentences are comments about ´split infinitive´. Read them and check 
which one is inadequate. 
 Split infinitive is acceptable even in formal writing. 
 
 
A split infinitive is a structure in which an adverb is placed between 'to' and the 
infinitive of a verb, as in 'to really experience it'. (www.collinsdictionary.com ) 
 
 
Do split infinitives to avoid awkward wording, to preserve a natural rhythm, and 
especially to achieve the intended emphasis and meaning. 
 Split infinitive should be avoided, mainly in formal writing. 
 
 
According to Huddleston (2006), split infinitives occur when additional words are 
included between to and the verb in an infinitive. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Split infinitive is not acceptable in formal writing. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
In the sentence "He was eager to leave for vacation," which of the following is true? 
 
 b) An infinitive serves as an adjective. 
 
 a) A participle serves as an adverb. 
 c) An infinitive serves as a direct object. 
 
 d) A participle serves as an adjective. 
 e) An infinitive serves as an adverb. 
 
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Explicação: 
"An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used as an adverb. 
Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why. Adverb infinitives are used to modify 
predicate adjectives. " 
( http://www.dailygrammar.com/Lesson-235-Adverb-Infinitives.htm ) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
In which alternative the infinitive clause is an adverb? 
 
 e) We intended TO LEAVE EARLY. 
 
 a) Merdine likes TO DANCE in the rain. 
 
d) Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester TO 
UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY. 
 
 
b) "I don't want TO ACHIEVE immortality through my work. I want TO ACHIEVE it through not 
dying." (Woody Allen) 
 
 c) TO DRINK Martinis before noon is decadent. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester TO UNDERSTAND 
THE INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY. 
Kelvin's purpose in studying Anatomy and Physiology this semester was TO UNDERSTAND THE 
INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY. 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker side of classic fairy 
tales is the subject of this groundbreaking and intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm 
Grimm¿s Nursery and Household Tales. This expanded edition includes a new preface 
and an appendix featuring translations of six tales with commentary by Maria Tatar. 
Throughout the book, Tatar draws on the disciplinary tools of psychoanalysis and folklore 
while also providing historical context to explore the harsher aspects of these stories, 
presenting new interpretations of tales that engage in a kind of cultural repetition 
compulsion. No other book so thoroughly challenges us to rethink the happily-ever-after 
of these classic stories. 
 Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Facts-Grimms-Fairy-Tales-ebook 
► The highlighted element in the text serves to exemplify the use of: 
 
 An infinitive as adverb 
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 An infinitive as indirect object 
 
 An infinite as subject complement 
 
 An infinite as subject 
 An infinite as direct object 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The use of the infinitive form in the highlighted element communicates what has to be done by the subject 
(us) of the infinitive clause (to rethink). When it happens, the infinitive form functions as a direct object. 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
In which alternative the infinitive clause is AN ADVERB? 
 
 We intended to leave early. 
 
 Merdine likes to dance in the rain. 
 
 
''I don't want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it through not dying.'' 
(Woody Allen) 
 
Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester to 
understand the interplay of muscle and bone in the human body. 
 
 To drink Martinis before noon is decadent. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
When an infinitive phrase/clause acts as an adverb, it must answer one of the following: When? Where? 
How? How much? 
Examples: 
• Jason wants to be an anthropology professor to share his passion with others. 
• In this example, the infinitive phrase functions as an adverb because it answers WHY Jason 
wants to be an anthropology professor. 
• She made cookies to offer an olive branch. 
• In this example, the infinitive phrase functions as an adverb because it answers WHY she made 
cookies. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
"The parents were lucky TO HAVE FOUND this specialist for their sick child". The previous sentence 
exemplifies the use of: 
 
 An infintive phrase with a bare infinitive 
 A split infinitive 
 A perfect infinitive 
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 An appositive 
 
 Verb + infinitive 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
" The structure have + past participle¿ is called a perfect infinitive. Perfect infinitives can have the 
same kind of meaning as perfect or past tenses. 
• I am glad to have found my soul mate. (= I am glad that I have found my soul mate.) 
• She was sorry to have missed the show. (= She was sorry that she had missed the show.) " 
( /www.englishgrammar.org/perfect-infinitives/ ) 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
Read the sentences below, check the syntactic function of the underlined Infinitive clauses 
and choose the correct answer. 
Jack loves to visit public gardens. 
The lawyer´s advice is to file a complaint at once. 
 
 
 subject - direct object 
 
 subject complement - appositivedirect object - subject complement 
 
 object complement - subject complement 
 
 indirect object - object complement 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Jack loves to visit public gardens. - direct object 
The lawyer´s advice is to file a complaint at once. - subject complement 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
Read the text below: 
Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker side of classic fairy 
tales is the subject of this groundbreaking and intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm 
Grimm's Nursery and Household Tales. This expanded edition includes a new preface and 
an appendix featuring translations of six tales with commentary by Maria Tatar. 
Throughout the book, Tatar draws on the disciplinary tools of psychoanalysis and folklore 
https://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
https://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
while also providing historical context to explore the harsher aspects of these stories, 
presenting new interpretations of tales that engage in a kind of cultural repetition 
compulsion. No other book so thoroughly challenges us to rethink the happily-ever-after 
of these classic stories. 
 Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Facts-Grimms-Fairy-Tales-ebook 
► The highlighted element in the text serveS to exemplify the use of: 
 
 An infinite as direct object 
 
 An infinitive as indirect object 
 
 An infinite as subject 
 An infinitive as adverb 
 
 An infinite as subject complement 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The use of the infinitive form in the highlighted element communicates the purpose of the action, which is 
a simplified version of the structure "in order to explore". 
 
1. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
This revised, expanded, and updated edition of the 1979 landmark "Breaking 
the Magic Spell" examines the enduring power of fairy tales and the ways they 
invade our subjective world. In seven provocative essays, Zipes discusses the 
importance of investigating oral folk tales in their socio-political context and 
traces their evolution into literary fairy tales, a metamorphosis that often 
diminished the ideology of the original narrative. Zipes also looks at how folk 
tales influence our popular beliefs and the ways they have been exploited by 
a corporate media network intent on regulating the mystical elements of the 
stories. He examines a range of authors, including the Brothers Grimm, Hans 
Christian Anderson, Ernst Bloch, Tolkien, Bettelheim, and J.K. Rowling to 
demonstrate the continuing symbiotic relationship between folklore and 
literature. 
(Adapted from: https://www.amazon.com.br/Breaking-Magic-Spell-Radical-Theories-ebook/dp/B0078XFN90) 
► The highlighted elements in the text serve to exemplify the use of: 
 
 Gerunds as subjects 
 Gerunds as objects of prepositions 
 
 Past participle structures and subject complements 
 
 Infinitives as subjects 
 
 Past participle structures as direct objects 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the highlighted examples, there is the use of an -ing structure which complements missing information 
(the importance of doing something and the intent on doing something). Consequently, -ing structures are 
gerunds functioning as objects of the prepositions "on" and "of". 
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2. 
 
 
Consider the sentences below and choose the one which IS NOT adequate. 
 
 
Gerund clauses are clauses, in which the main verb is in a gerund form, not linked by 
a connector to the main clause. 
 
 Gerunds are created by starting with an action verb and adding -ing to the end. 
 
A gerund clause means that a verb is being used in the role of an adjective in a 
particular sentence. 
 
 
A gerund clause may begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other 
modifiers and/or objects. 
 A gerund is a special form of a verb known as a verbal. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A gerund clause means that a verb is being used in the role of a noun in a particular 
sentence. 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
´Eating strawberries without washing them´ may be bad for your health. ´Eating strawberries without 
washing them´ is a gerund clause. Which word(s) has the role of a direct object in the clause? 
 There is no direct object in this clause. 
 
 Eating. 
 
 Without. 
 Strawberries. 
 
 Washing them. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Strawberries is the direct object of the word 'eating'. It answers a question beginning by 
´what´. 
A direct object is a noun phrase denoting a person or thing that is the recipient of the action 
of a transitive verb. 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
In the sentence ''[Waiting] for the late bus, I decided finally to learn how to drive,'' the word in brackets 
is correctly classified as which of the following? 
 
 auxiliary verb 
 
 infinitive 
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 participle 
 gerund 
 
 main verb 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"Present participles are also verbals (i.e., words formed from verbs), but they are not used as nouns. 
They are used as adjectives or when forming verbs in a progressive tense" (webclass 7 ) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Read the following considerations about the use of the gerund or the infinitive and choose 
the one which is inappropriate. 
 
 
I dread / hate to think what is going to happen. - These two verbs are followed by a 
to-infinitive when talking subjunctively (usually when using to think). 
 
He went on reading the novel, not having noticed his girlfriend enter. - He continued 
doing so. 
 
 
Taking a new job in the city meant having to drive to work every day. - If she took 
the job, she would have to drive to her work every day. 
 
 I cannot bear to see you behave so badly.- Your behaviour is no good at the moment. 
 
She forgot telling me the great news. - When the meanings that are used want to talk 
about the future time, the gerund is used. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
When these have meanings that are used to talk about the future from the given time, the 
to-infinitive is used, but when looking back in time, the gerund. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
In which alternative the clause in brackets is a GERUND? 
 
 
[Jamming too much clothing into the washing machine], Aamir saved $1.25 but had to tolerate 
the curious stares of other laundry patrons as his machine bucked and rumbled with the heavy 
load. 
 
 [Looking at the sea], James could perceive a boat coming. 
 
Last night I had to sleep on the couch because I found my dog Floyd [hogging the middle of the 
bed]. 
 
 
[Buttering toast with a fork], Bernard vowed that he would finally wash the week's worth of dirty 
dishes piled in the sink. 
 [Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine] will result in disaster. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
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" A gerund clause can be the subject of a sentence: 
Hiking can be a relaxing and rewarding activity. 
Swimming in the winter can boost your immune system. 
Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age. 
( http://www.grammaring.com/the-gerund-as-subject ) 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
In the sentence ''John likes [studying] at the library,'' the word in brackets is correctly classified as which 
of the following? 
 
 auxiliary verb 
 participle 
 gerund 
 
 infinitive 
 
 main verb 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The gerund is used after certain verbs in English. The verb ' to like' is followed by the gerund when a 
verb is required. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
In this sentence, the participial clause is ambiguous. "Delores noticed her cousin WALKING ALONG THE 
SHORELINE." (Who was walking along the shoreline, Delores, her cousin orboth?) 
Rewriting the sentence, which one implies that it was the cousin who was walking along the shoreline (attention at the 
punctuation)? 
 
 d) Delores, who was walking along the shoreline, saw her cousin. 
 
 b) Delores noticed her cousin when she walking along the shoreline. 
 
 c) When she walking along the shoreline, Delores saw her cousin. 
 
 e) Delores, seeing her cousin along the shoreline, noticed him. 
 a) Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline." is the proper answer since it leaves 
no doubt about ' who was doing what.' 
1. 
 
 
Which sentence presents an -ING structure functioning as a NOUN? 
 
 This weather is depressing! 
 
 That TV programme is really amusing. 
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 There are not many ways of mending somebody´s heart. 
 
 What an alarming noise! 
 
 I've never seen such a boring film! 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
All the others are examples of present participles, that is, adjectives as participles. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Which of the following sentences is an example of gerund? 
 
 We all had an exciting time at the ball. 
 
 Stay away from falling objects. 
 Snowboarding in high mountains is a difficult task. 
 
 What an amasing voice Amira has! 
 
 ´My way´is an amazing song. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Gerunds are known as verbal nouns. This means that it has the -ing ending. It is used to 
express a more general action that is usually incomplete. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
In the sentence ''I hope to vacation in Canada next year'', which of the following is true? 
 
 A participle serves as an adverb. 
 An infinitive serves as a direct object. 
 
 An infinitive serves as an adverb. 
 
 A participle serves as an indirect object. 
 
 An infinitive serves as an indirect object. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the sentence: I hope to vacation in Canada next year, The infinitive functions as a direct object 
because if you ask the question: What do you hope? You get the answer : To vacation in Canada. 
 
 
 
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4. 
 
 
Identify the underlined words and the comments about them and choose the appropriate 
one. 
 Lucy's confusing attitude did not contribute to solve the mystery - participle 
 
The puppies running all over the house have already destroyed my bedroom carpet. - 
gerund 
 
 Her dress swinging in the wind reminded me of Marilyn Monroe. - infinitive 
 
 
The eight-grade students decided that missing the French class was a good opportunity for 
having fun. - participle 
 
 Chris decided not to go to school this morning. - modal verb 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Participles can be used as adjectives, while gerunds can be used as nouns. 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
What does the word in brackets in the following sentence exemplifiy? "The kittens [crouching] under the 
bed have refused to come out". 
 
 Dangling modifier 
 
 Split infinitive 
 Participle 
 
 Infinitive 
 
 Gerund 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
" A participle is a verb that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n (past 
participle). Participles may function as adjectives, describing or modifying nouns. 
 The dancing parrots entertained the crowd. 
 The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore. 
But participles have another function. When used with helping verbs such as to 
be and to have, they are action verbs and form several verb tenses. 
 She is thinking of the children. 
 The conference room had been cleaned before they arrived. " 
(www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/english/verb/ ) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
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6. 
 
 
Choose the comment which is adequate. 
 
 I was talking to such a boring guy at the party.- dangling construction 
 
 My maths teacher at school was really frightening. - modal verb. 
 
 The old school building, destroyed by a tornado was never rebuilt. - infinitive clause 
 
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. - 
participial clause 
 
 The boy, wearing the clown costume, has just left. - gerund clause 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
If the participial clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be 
used. 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
What does the underlined word in the following sentence exemplifiy? 
The dancing dogs entertained the crowd. 
 
 Split infinitive. 
 
 Infinitive. 
 
 Dangling construction. 
 
 Gerund. 
 Participle. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Participles can be used as adjectives 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
Read the text below: 
Russian Folk Belief 
 "A scholarly work that aims to be both broad enough in scope to satisfy upper-
division undergraduates studying folk belief and narrative, detailed enough to 
meet the needs of graduate students in the field. Each of the seven chapters in 
Part 1 focuses on one aspect of Russian folk belief, such as the pagan 
background, Christian personages, devils and various other logical categories of 
the topic. The author's thesis - that Russian folk belief represents a 'double 
faith' whereby Slavic pagan beliefs are overlaid with popular Christianity - is 
persuasive and has analogies in other cultures. The folk narratives 
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(1) translated in Part 2 include a wide range of tales, from the briefly anecdotal 
to the more fully developed narrative, (2) covering the various folk personages 
and motifs explored in Part 1." 
► The highlighted elements (1) and (2) in the text serve to 
exemplify, respectively, the use of: 
 
 (1) gerund / (2) infinitive 
 
 (1) gerund / (2) participle 
 (1) participle / (2) participle 
 (1) participle / (2) gerund 
 
 (1) infinitive / (2) participle 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In both cases, the participles are simplified versions of adjective clauses: (1)... which are translated ... (2) 
which cover . 
 
 
 
 
Which of the following punctuation marks is used IN A SIMPLE SENTENCE? 
 
 
The comma is rarely used in simple sentences because they are short, just when we 
use adjectives. 
 
 
We usually use hyphens in simple sentences when we want to mention a series of 
options. 
 
 Exclamatory marks are used whenever we ask a question. 
 
 We use a colon at the end of a simple sentence.. 
 
It all depends on the sentence. Anyway, the most important punctuation mark in this 
case is the full stop at the end of it. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A full stop shows the end of a sentence. 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Which of the following punctuation marks is used BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION IN A COMPOUND 
SENTENCE? 
 
 A colon 
 
 An apostrophe 
 
 A hyphen 
 
 A semicolon 
 A comma 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
https://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 A compound sentence consists of two or more independent (main) 
clauses. Because the independent clauses in a compound sentence 
are grammatically equal structures, they are joined by one of the 
coordinating conjunctions (and, but, yet, or, nor, so) or by a set of 
correlatives (either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also, both-and). 
A comma should be used before these conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, 
yet, or, . 
(http://grammartips.homestead.com/compoundsentences.html )Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES THAT ARE NOT 
CONNECTED WITH A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION? 
 A semicolon 
 
 A colon 
 
 An apostrophe 
 
 A dash 
 A comma 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are 
closely related in thought. 
When a semicolon is used to join two or more ideas (parts) in a sentence, those ideas are then given 
equal position or rank. 
Some people write with a word processor; others write with a pen or pencil. 
( https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/Semicolons.html ) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
Read the text below: 
Have you ever wondered why little children love listening to 
stories, why older ones get lost in certain books? In this enthralling work, 
Maria Tatar challenges many of our assumptions about childhood reading. Much 
as our culture pays lip service to the importance of literature, we rarely examine 
the creative and cognitive benefits of reading from infancy through adolescence. 
By exploring how beauty and horror operated in C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of 
Narnia, Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, 
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and many other narratives, Tatar provides a delightful work for parents, 
teachers, and general readers, not just examining how and what children read 
but also showing through vivid examples how literature transports and 
transforms children with its intoxicating, captivating, and occasionally terrifying 
energy. In the tradition of Bruno Bettelheim's landmark The Uses of 
Enchantment, Tatar's book is not only a compelling journey into the world of 
childhood but a trip back for adult readers as well. 
► The use of a comma (,) in the underlined passage was used with a view 
to: 
 Separating infinitive clauses 
 
 Separating phrases 
 
 Separating participle clauses 
 
 Separating gerund clauses 
 Separating sentences 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the highlighted passage, there are two interrogative sentences [Have you 
ever wondered why little children love listening to stories(?)] and [why older 
ones get lost in certain books?]. 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN WORDS OR DIVIDE WORDS INTO SYLLABLES? 
 
 An apostrophe 
 A hyphen 
 
 A dash 
 
 A comma 
 
 A colon 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
" Hyphens are used to join parts of a word or compound phrase, as in ex-wife, full-length mirror, and by-
the-book negotiations. As the Chicago Manual of Style puts it, ¿Far and away the most common spelling 
questions for writers and editors concern compound terms¿whether to spell as two words, hyphenate, or 
close up as a single word.¿ 
( http://www.dictionary.com/e/hyphen/ ) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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6. 
 
 
In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated? 
 
 e) Our three children-Larry, Curly, and Moe-have decided, to enter show business. 
 
c) Picture this: a Neanderthal man deep in the forest gorges on the yummies of his time--fruits, 
berries, anything sweet and pluckable. 
 
 a) When a friend dies part of yourself dies, too. 
 
 b) We, took photographs of the patron saint of nail-biters -the Venus de Milo. 
 
 d) Last week we read "The Catbird Seat" a short story by James Thurber. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
There is only one possible answer since the other ones present mistake, for instance, in b) We, took 
photographs of the patron saint of nail-biters -the Venus de Milo., we is the subject of the sentence and 
we do not use a comma to separate the subject from the rest of the sentence. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
Consider the following statements and choose the one which IS NOT appropriate. 
 
 
The purpose of punctuation is to help the reader understand you and to help you 
make your meaning clear. 
 
 Without punctuation writing becomes hard to read. 
 
Punctuation is one of the most important aspects of both oral and written English, 
and yet it is one that is taken the most lightly. 
 
 
Punctuation marks are a set of symbols, and are an integral part of written 
language. There are specific rules for the usage of each. Punctuation marks help put 
spoken words into writing. 
 
 
According to The Penguin Guide to Punctuation, "The problem with poor punctuation 
is that it makes life difficult for the reader who needs to read and understand what 
you've written." 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Punctuation is one of the most important aspects of written English, and yet it is one that is 
taken the most lightly 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
Pick out the one sentence that is correctly punctuated. 
 
 
c) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but, a century ago, it was the Indian 
village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
 
 
a) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but a century ago it was the Indian 
village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
 
 
d) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but, a century ago it was, the Indian 
village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
 
b) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent, but a century ago it was the Indian 
village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
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e) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort, for the affluent but, a century ago, it was the Indian 
village of my Ottawa ancestors. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
" You should put a comma before but only when but is connecting two independent clauses. 
Example: I would go for a walk, but it¿s raining outside. 
How do you know you have two independent clauses? First, look at the words before but: I would go 
for a walk. Then look at the words after but: it¿s raining outside. Both of those phrases could stand 
alone as complete sentences. That means they¿re independent clauses, so you need to use a comma 
before but. " 
( www.grammarly.com/blog/comma-before-but/ ) 
 
 
 
 
1. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
Short Biography 
"Maria Tatar teaches folklore, children's literature, and German cultural studies 
at Harvard University and chairs the Program in Folklore and Mythology. She 
lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts." 
► How many simple sentences are there in the text above? 
 5 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the passage, the only simple sentence, i.e., a sentence which contains only one subject and a verb, 
is "She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts." 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Read the following sentence and choose the appropriate answer: 
The electricity went off so we were forced to buy candles. 
 
 The semantic type is that of condition. 
 The semantic type is that of reason. 
 
 The semantic type is that of ´condition´. 
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 The semantic type is that of ´concession´. 
 The semantic type is that of ´result´. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 ctricity, we had to buy candles. 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
In which alternative the verb is correctly applied? 
 
 b) He denied to steal it. 
 
 a) I contemplated him to sleep. 
 d) She recalls to be young. 
 c) They delayedleaving. 
 
 e) He suggested to chew gum. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
There is only one possible answer. Most of them are incorrect, so the only one left is They delayed 
leaving. The verb delay asks for the gerund. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
A dangling modifier is a word or clause that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A 
modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept. In which alternative there is a correct 
sentence? 
 b) Singing for all she was worth, we hoped desperately that Margaret would win the competition. 
 
 c) Exhausted, starting the housework at such a late hour seemed ridiculous. 
 d) After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing. 
 
 e) Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed. 
 
 a) Walking along the beach, the sun rose majestically over the ocean. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Nothing much to add, only that the following sentence is correct. 
After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Comentado 
 
 
 
 
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5. 
 
 
Which of the following is NOT a Coordinating Conjunction? 
 
 And. 
 
 So. 
 But. 
 However. 
 
 Yet. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
Short Biography 
"Maria Tatar teaches folklore, children's literature, and German cultural studies 
at Harvard University and chairs the Program in Folklore and Mythology. She 
lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts." 
► The underlined information in the passage above exemplifies: 
 
 A subordinate clause and a main clause. 
 A complex sentence 
 
 A main clause and a subordinate clause 
 
 A compound sentence 
 A simple sentence 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In the passage, the underlined information refers to a compound sentence due 
to the presence of two independent clauses connected by the linker and: 
[Maria Tatar teaches folklore, children's literature, and German cultural studies 
at Harvard University] and [(she) chairs the Program in Folklore and 
Mythology]. 
 
 
 
 
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7. 
 
 
In which alternative the noun clause is AN OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION? 
 I felt happy that I am able to communicate. 
 
 She knows what my name is. 
 
 I will give whoever gets the best mark a new calculator. 
 
 What Billy did, shocked his friends. 
 Mary is not responsible for what Billy did. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
"A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses begin with words such as how, 
that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, 
and why. Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or 
objects of a preposition." ( http://www.k12reader.com/term/noun-clause/ ) 
• Harry is not the best provider of what Margie needs. 
• Josephine is not responsible for what Alex decided to do. 
• Allie is the owner of that blue car parked outside. 
Once again, Harry is not the provider of what? Josephine is not responsible for what? Allie is the owner of 
what? 
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/nouns/noun-clause.html ) 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
In which alternative there is a NOUN CLAUSE? 
 
 Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant. 
 
 
Although Ramonita often thought about joining the choir, she never talked to her friends about 
it. 
 They would never have made it even if they¿d wanted to. 
 He told me that the match had been cancelled. 
 
 However hard I try, I can¿t remember people¿s names. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A noun clause is a group of words (doing the work of a noun) with a subject and a verb, that can be a 
subject, object, or object of a preposition in a sentence. 
 
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