LET 132 e LET 117 MATERIAL DE ESTUDO 6 revisado

Prévia do material em texto

IFBA – Campus Salvador
Diretoria de Ensino – DE Departamento Acadêmico de Línguas Estrangeiras – DALE
Disciplina: Inglês
Prof.(as): Luzia Helena e Sol Chaves
Estudante: Uanderson Bispo Bulhões da Silva
LET 132 & LET 117 Curso: ADM/ADS & Engenharias
Data: 09/12 / 2020
MATERIAL DE ESTUDO 6
GRAMMAR ASPECTS
STEVE JOBS – um ícone do mundo digital. Temos aqui um áudio de Steve Jobs falando
aos estudantes de uma universidade no momento de sua graduação. Ele vai contar três
histórias de sua vida e vamos aproveitar a transcrição de sua fala para trabalharmos
mais um aspecto gramatical facilitador da leitura e compreensão de textos: MARCAS
VERBAIS.
No processo de leitura, os verbos têm grande importância para a compreensão. Na
oração, são eles que exprimem a AÇÃO ou o ESTADO, portanto a estrutura sintática das
sentenças fica bem mais clara quando somos capazes de identificar seu(s) verbo(s).
Com base nos verbos, identificamos o sujeito (antes do verbo) e os objetos e os
complementos (após o verbo). Os verbos também nos permitem estabelecer o TEMPO
da ação, seja presente, passado ou futuro.
Vamos a partir do texto de STEVE JOBS, conhecer um pouco dos tempos verbais.
Vamos analisar várias sentenças destacadas do texto e identificar os tempos verbais
que estão expressando. Observe que as palavras realçadas em VERDE no texto são
verbos, resta agora identificá-los.
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Vamos elaborar um quadro de tempos verbais que possa ajudar na identificação dos
verbos realçados.
Alguns tempos verbais têm regras que não podem deixar de ser estudadas. Veja o
SIMPLE PRESENT e SIMPLE PAST TENSES.
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VOCÊ PRECISA FICAR ATENTO PARA RECONHECER VERIFICAR SE O VERBO É REGULAR
OU IRREGULAR NA FLEXÃO DO PAST SIMPLE TENSE.
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4
O MODO IMPERATIVO EM INGLÊS SE FORMA DE MANEIRA MUITO SIMPLES. VEJA O
QUADRO.
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NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!!!!!!!
TEXT 1
Steve Jobs
MzExMTgxMDIwNTQ=
© 2019 | Curso de Inglês Mairo Vergara 
CIMV 5.0 | Steve Jobs 
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=23410cb759&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1680
936317955792455&th=1753e2acd9cede47&view=att&disp=safe&realattid=1753e291418970
fd0951 – AÚDIO.
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the
finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is
the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I wanna tell you three stories
from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting
the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed
around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop
out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate
student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I
should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted
at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the
last minute that they really wanted a girl. 
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking:
"We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?". They said: "Of course". My
biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college
and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final
adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that
I would go to college. This was the start in my life. And 17 years later I did go to college.
But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my
working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. 
After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with
my life, and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was
spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop
out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking
back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could
stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me and begin dropping in on the
ones that looked far more interesting. It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room,
so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 cent deposits 
to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get
one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I
stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later
on. 
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https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=23410cb759&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1680936317955792455&th=1753e2acd9cede47&view=att&disp=safe&realattid=1753e291418970fd0951
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=23410cb759&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1680936317955792455&th=1753e2acd9cede47&view=att&disp=safe&realattid=1753e291418970fd0951
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=23410cb759&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-f:1680936317955792455&th=1753e2acd9cede47&view=att&disp=safe&realattid=1753e291418970fd0951
Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best
calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label
on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and
didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how
to do this. I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of
space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography
great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture,
and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in
my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all
came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with
beautiful typography. 
If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never
had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied
the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped
out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers
might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to
connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear
looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward;
you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will
somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny,
life, karma, whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will
give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn
path, and that will make all the difference. 
My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in
life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard,
and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion
company with over 4000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation, the
Macintosh, a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you
get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I
thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first years or so
things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we
had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. And so at 30 I
was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was
gone, and it was devastating. 
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I'd let theprevious
generation of entrepreneurs down (let down), that I'd dropped the baton as it was
being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize
for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running
away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me: I still loved what I
did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected, but I
was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn't see it then, but it turned out
that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner
again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods
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of my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another
company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my
wife. 
Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film, Toy Story,
and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of
events, Apple bought NeXT, and I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed
at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a
wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't
been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
Sometimes life is gonna hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced
that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find
what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is
gonna fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what
you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If
you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle. As with all matters of the
heart, you'll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better
and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't settle. 
My third story is about death. When I was 17 (seventeen), I read a quote that went
something like: If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly
be right. It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 (thirty-three)
years, I've looked into the mirror every morning and asked myself: If today were the
last day of my life would I wanna do what I am about to do today? And whenever the
answer has been "No "for too many days in a row I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered
to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything, all external
expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure, these things just fall away
in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are
going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to
lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and
it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and
that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me
to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It
means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to
tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that
it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes. 
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an
endoscope down to my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a
needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my 
wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the
doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic
cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and thankfully I'm fine now. This
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was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more
decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty
than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept. No one wants to die. 
Even people who wanna go to heaven don't wanna die to get there. And yet death is
the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be,
because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It is life change agent, it
clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday
not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry
to be so dramatic, but it is quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living
someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of
other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own
inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is 
secondary. 
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog,
which is one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart
Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, and it was
all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in
paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, overflowing with
neat tools, and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole
Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the
mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue, was a photograph
of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you
were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was
their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always
wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin a new, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much. 
ATIVIDADE 1. RELEIA O TEXTO, DESTAQUE A SENTENÇA ONDE APARECE O VERBO
REALÇADO E ESCREVA O TEMPO VERBAL EXPRESSO. VEJA EXEMPLO:
EX.: 1. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever
gotten to a college graduation. (EXPRESSA IDEIA DE PASSADO SEM REFERÊNCIA DE
TEMPO- PRESENT PERFECT)
1. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then […] ( EXPRESSA
IDEIA DE PASSADO CONCLUÍDO – SIMPLE PAST TENSE)
2. . So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. ( EXPRESSA IDEIA DE PASSADO
CONCLUÍDO NA FORMA INTERROGATIVA COM AUXILIAR DID)
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3. Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the
company with me, and for the first years or so things went well. (EXPRESSAM AÇÕES
NO PASSADO SIMPLES COM VERBOS REGULARES, IRREGULARES E VERBO TO BE.)
4. Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the
finest universities in the world. (EXPRESSA UM ESTADO DO SUJEITO NO SIMPLE
PRESENT)
YOU CONTINUE ........
5.
GRAMMAR ASPECTS
AGORA VAMOS CONHECER OS AFIXOS EM INGLÊS?
AFIXOS “são elementos mórficos que se agregam ao radical a fim de formar novas
palavras e classificam-se em prefixos e sufixos. Esses nomes, ou seja, prefixos e
sufixos, se caracterizam pela posição deles quanto ao radical.”
(https://www.portaleducacao.com.br/conteudo/artigos/medicina/afixos-o-que-sao/46720#:~:text=S%C3%A3o%20elementos%20m%C3%B3rficos%20que%20se,posi%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20deles%20quanto%20ao%20radical.)
EXEMPLOS: VEJA NO PRIMEIRO PARÁGRAFO DO TEXT 1: STEVE JOBS. AS PALAVRAS EM AZUL
SÃO TODAS DERIVADAS COM AFIXO. A PALAVRA REALLY DERIVA DA PALAVRA REAL QUE
RECEBEU O SUFIXO - LY. ASSIM COMO, A PALAVRA UNEXPECTED DERIVA DA PALAVRA
EXPECTED, QUE RECEBEU O PREFIXO – UN.
CONHECER OS AFIXOS FACILITA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE NOVA PALAVRAS, CONSEQUENTEMENTE
MELHORA A COMPREENSÃO DURANTE O PROCESSO DE LEITURA.
PARA SABER MAIS, ENTRE NOS LINKS ABAIXO:
https://ingles200h.com/prefixos-e-sufixos-em-ingles/
https://inglesinstrumentalonline.com.br/blog/prefixos-e-sufixos-em-ingles/
OBSERVE A TABELA EXEMPLIFICATIVA DE AFIXOS:
PREFIXOS
DIS-, IL-, IM-, IN-, IR-, UN-
Dão ideia de negação.
DISAGREE, ILLEGAL, IMPOSSIBLE,
INSECURE, IRREGULAR e UNREAL
OVER-
Dá ideia de exagero.
OVERWORK e OVERWEIGHT
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https://www.portaleducacao.com.br/conteudo/artigos/medicina/afixos-o-que-sao/46720#:~:text=S%C3%A3o%20elementos%
https://ingles200h.com/prefixos-e-sufixos-em-ingles/
https://inglesinstrumentalonline.com.br/blog/prefixos-e-sufixos-em-ingles/
UNDER-
Dá ideia de insuficiente.
UNDERESTIMATE e UNDERAGE
MIS-
Dá ideia de erro.
MISUNDERSTAND E MISCOUNT
SUFIXOS
PARA FORMAR VERBOS EXEMPLOS
-IFY SIMPLE – SIMPLIFY
-IZE/-ISE CENTRAL – CENTRALIZE
-EM DARK – DARKEN
PARA FORMAR SUBSTANTIVOS EXEMPLOS
-AL ARRIVE- ARRIVAL
-ANCE/ENCE PERFORM- PREFORMANCE
PREFER – PREFERENCE
-EE EMPLOY – EMPLOEE
TRAIN – TRAINEE
-ER/-OR RUN – RUNNER
ACT – ACTOR
-ION/-ATION/-ITION/-ISION EDUCATE – EDUCATION
ADD – ADDITION
COLLIDE – COLLISION
-MENT GOVERN – GOVERNMENT
-NESS HAPPY – HAPPINESS
-SHIP PARTNER – PARTNERSHIP
-LET BOOK – BOOKLET
PARA FORMAR ADJETIVOS EXEMPLOS
-ABLE AVOID – AVOIDABLE
-AL NATION – NATIONAL
-FUL POWER – POWERFUL
PARA FORMAR ADVÉRBIOS EXEMPLOS
-LY DAY – DAYLY
ATIVIDADE 2. AINDA SOBRE TEXT 1: STEVE JOBS. VEJA NO PRIMEIRO PARÁGRAFO AS
PALAVRAS EM AZUL SÃO TODAS DERIVADAS COM AFIXO. VEJA EXEMPLOS E CONTINUE
A ATIVIDADE. DEPOIS PROCURE NOS PARÁGRAFOS SEGUINTES, OUTRAS PALAVRAS
COM AFIXOS E COMPLETE A TABELA:
PALAVRA
DERIVADA (que
está no texto)
PREFIXO SUFIXO PALAVRA
PRIMITIVA
universities X TY - TIES UNIVERSE
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graduation X ATION GRADUATE
Biological X -ology bio
Unwed X un wed
Adoption X ion adopt
Strongly X ly strong
Lawyer X yer law
Gradually X lly GRADUATE
Publication X tion publish
A atividade avaliativa 3 sobre o Texto: Steve Jobs, é para ler o texto e digitar a ideia
principal de cada parágrafo em português. A atividade pode ser em dupla. Entrega
até 09/12/2020.
1º Jobs conta sua história na universidade e sua saída e retornado após grande
sucesso em sua carreira mas ele estava bastante honrado nessa mesma ocasião
contou algumas histórias de sua vida pessoal.
2º Jobs contou sobre sua adoção e todos os caminhos que levaram, primeiro a mãe
dele estava frustrada por conta de não está formada ainda e que tinha decidido
colocar seu filho para adoção mas com uma observação que seus futuros pais
deveriam ser formados houve primeira tentativa não teve sucesso na segunda os
novos pais não estava enquadrado no perfil que ela a mãe biológica queria houve
recusa no primeiro momento mas ela foi convencida pelo novos pais informando que
Jobs quando tivesse idade para faculdade e proporcionar a matrícula dele.
3º Retrata bem a confusão que no momento ele passava e que não tinha maior ideia
quanto o ingresso dele na universidade era importante para o seus pais.
Ele largou tudo que não era interessante naquele momento para na universidade,
começou a estudar disciplina que tinha seu perfil mas ele passou por grandes
dificuldades. Jobs conta esse dilema que ele viveu informando que seu sucesso
profissional passou por várias etapas bastante difíceis.
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4º Completando sua experiência com disciplinas que não eram obrigatórias ele
contou sobre as aulas de caligrafia que era um diferencial na sua universidade.
Essas aulas o ajudou para formatar um computador com tipografia bem diferente dos
outros computadores muito bonita.
5° Jobs cita a importância das experiências e como o ajudou a desenvolver algo tão
grandioso que foi copiado por outras grandes marcas e coloca para os novos
formandos para acreditar em algo que no primeiro não tenha grande relevância mas
no futuro estará conectado na sua vida levando a grande conquista.
6º Jobs conta inicio da Apple e sua demissão aos 30 anos da empresa que criou
partindo de uma garagem somente com seu amigo Woz para uma multinacional com
4000 mil funcionários e com seu valor em 2 bilhões de dólares também conta sua
relação conflituosa com uma pessoa que no início ele achou que seria uma pessoa de
confiança.
7º Jobs conta sobre sua vida fora da Apple, como ele se sentiu após sua demissão e
como ele achava uma grande decepção para outros empreendedores .
Na sua nova jornada fala que a chama de empreender e de ter novas ideias estava
forte como nunca e começou com duas novas empresas e em sua vida pessoal
conheceu seu amor.
8º Nesse parágrafo Jobs conta como foi sua volta para Apple após a compra de sua
empresa NeXT cita também o sucesso do primeiro longa-metragem de animação
feita pela PIXAR “Toy Story” filme que marcou gerações.
Fala sobre a sobre o renascimento da Apple e sobre sua família que construiu com
sua esposa e sua filha. Fala para os alunos quanto foi angustiante ter ficado de fora
da Apple mas ele continuou e não desistiu de fazer algo que gostava .
9º Jobs conta sua terceira história sobre sua experiência com morte deu exemplo que
vivia os dias como se fosse os últimos durante 33 anos aprendeu dar valor às
pequena ações na sua vida conta que sempre devemos lembrar da única certeza que
temos que a morte que deveriam aproveitar todos os momentos e tirar as
armadilhas sobre que você pode perder algo com decisão equivocada e ficar se
martirizando por conta disso.
10º Câncer e os dias contados a certeza da morte e os planos que seriam frustrados
com sua morte precoce e sua ignorância quanto a saúde .
Nesse mesmo parágrafo ilustra bem a história de muitos quanto a certeza que não
puderam assistir o futuro de seus filhos e familiares.
11º Venceu a morte após a cura do câncer.
Conta sua experiência com quase morte também quanto seus pensamentos sobre a
morte eram um conceito intelectual mas a certeza que ninguém quer morrer.
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12º A dicotomia morte e céu todos querem ir para o céu mas ninguém quer morrer
Jobs informa que a maior invenção foi a morte porta da eliminação de velhos
conceitos e de novos que surgem após e que posteriormente desaparecem. E que
jovens devem aproveitar seu momento e seguir sua voz interior.
13 º No último parágrafo Jobs fala sobre uma revista de sua época que tinha grande
relevância entre os jovens que ficou obsoleta com atualizações de outras
publicações e também por conta do advento dos computadores ,mas algo marcou
Jobs no final da publicação foi sempre continuar faminto no saber e está sempre
aberto a novos conceitos tornando-se sempre tolos.
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