Bioenergética no ENEM

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01. (Enem) Em uma aula sobre 
metabolismo energético, foi 
apresentado um experimento clássico 
realizado por Engelmann. Um 
recipiente contendo bactérias 
aeróbias e uma alga verde filamentosa 
foi submetido à iluminação de uma 
fonte de luz, representada pelo 
microespectro. Após a explicação, um 
aluno esquematizou na lousa o 
resultado do referido experimento. 
 
Considerando a figura, a faixa do 
microespectro em que a alga possui 
maior taxa de realização 
fotossintética é a do: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a) Anil. 
b) Verde. 
c) Violeta. 
d) Amarelo. 
e) Vermelho. 
 
02. (Enem) Pesquisadores conseguiram 
estimular a absorção de energia 
luminosa em plantas graças ao uso de 
nanotubos de carbono. Para isso, 
nanotubos de carbono “se inseriram” 
no interior dos cloroplastos por uma 
montagem espontânea, através das 
membranas dos cloroplastos. 
Pigmentos da planta absorvem as 
radiações luminosas, os elétrons são 
“excitados” e se deslocam no interior 
de membranas dos cloroplastos, e a 
planta utiliza em seguida essa energia 
elétrica para a fabricação de açúcares. 
Os nanotubos de carbono podem 
absorver comprimentos de onda 
 
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habitualmente não utilizados pelos 
cloroplastos, e os pesquisadores 
tiveram a ideia de utilizá-los como 
“antenas”, estimulando a conversão 
de energia solar pelos cloroplastos, 
com o aumento do transporte de 
elétrons. 
Nanotubos de carbono incrementam a 
fotossíntese de plantas. Disponível em: 
http://lqes.iqm.unicamp.br. Acesso em: 
14 nov. 2014 (adaptado). 
O aumento da eficiência fotossintética 
ocorreu pelo fato de os nanotubos de 
carbono promoverem diretamente a: 
a) utilização de água. 
b) absorção de fótons. 
c) formação de gás oxigênio. 
d) proliferação dos cloroplastos. 
e) captação de dióxido de carbono. 
 
03. (Enem) As proteínas de uma célula 
eucariótica possuem peptídeos 
sinais, que são sequências de 
aminoácidos responsáveis pelo seuendereçamento para as diferentes 
organelas, de acordo com suas 
funções. Um pesquisador 
desenvolveu uma nanopartícula capaz 
de carregar proteínas para dentro de 
tipos celulares específicos. Agora ele 
quer saber se uma nanopartícula 
carregada com uma proteína 
bloqueadora do ciclo de Krebs in vitro 
é capaz de exercer sua atividade em 
uma célula cancerosa, podendo cortar 
o aporte energético e destruir essas 
células. 
Ao escolher essa proteína 
bloqueadora para carregar as 
nanopartículas, o pesquisador deve 
levar em conta um peptídeo sinal de 
endereçamento para qual organela? 
a) Núcleo. 
b) Mitocôndria. 
c) Peroxissomo. 
d) Complexo golgiense. 
e) Retículo endoplasmático. 
 
04. (Enem) Ao percorrer o trajeto de uma 
cadeia alimentar, o carbono, elemento 
essencial e majoritário da matéria 
orgânica que compõe os indivíduos, 
ora se encontra em sua forma 
inorgânica, ora se encontra em sua 
forma orgânica. Em uma cadeia 
alimentar composta por fitoplâncton, 
zooplâncton, moluscos, crustáceos e 
peixes ocorre a transição desse 
elemento da forma inorgânica para a 
orgânica. 
Em qual grupo de organismos ocorre 
essa transição? 
a) Fitoplâncton. 
b) Zooplâncton. 
c) Moluscos. 
d) Crustáceos. 
e) Peixes. 
 
05. (Enem) A fotossíntese é importante 
para a vida na Terra. Nos cloroplastos 
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dos organismos fotossintetizantes, a 
energia solar é convertida em energia 
química que, juntamente com água e 
gás carbônico (CO2), é utilizada para a 
síntese de compostos orgânicos 
(carboidratos). A fotossíntese é o 
único processo de importância 
biológica capaz de realizar essa 
conversão. Todos os organismos, 
incluindo os produtores, aproveitam a 
energia armazenada nos carboidratos 
para impulsionar os processos 
celulares, liberando CO2 para a 
atmosfera e água para a célula por 
meio da respiração celular. Além 
disso, grande fração dos recursos 
energéticos do planeta, produzidos 
tanto no presente (biomassa) como 
em tempos remotos (combustível 
fóssil), é resultante da atividade 
fotossintética. 
As informações sobre obtenção e 
transformação dos recursos naturais 
por meio dos processos vitais de 
fotossíntese e respiração, descritasno texto, permitem concluir que 
a) o CO2 e a água são moléculas de 
alto teor energético. 
b) os carboidratos convertem 
energia solar em energia química. 
c) a vida na Terra depende, em 
última análise, da energia 
proveniente do Sol. 
d) o processo respiratório é 
responsável pela retirada de 
carbono da atmosfera. 
e) a produção de biomassa e de 
combustível fóssil, por si, é 
responsável pelo aumento de CO2 
atmosférico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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QUESTÃO 01 Gabarito: [E] 
A faixa do microespectro em que a alga 
possui maior taxa de realização 
fotossintética é a vermelha, pois, ao realizar 
muita fotossíntese, há maior liberação de 
oxigênio e maior aglomeração de bactérias 
aeróbias. 
 
QUESTÃO 02 Gabarito: [B] 
Os nanotubos de carbono promovem 
diretamente a absorção de fótons de 
comprimentos de onda habitualmente não 
utilizadas pelos cloroplastos, aumentando a 
eficiência fotossintética. 
 
QUESTÃO 03 Gabarito: [B] 
As nanopartículas devem ser endereçadas 
para o interior das mitocôndrias, local onde 
ocorre o ciclo de Krebs; mais exatamente na 
matriz mitocondrial. 
 
QUESTÃO 04 Gabarito: [A] 
As microalgas componentes do fitoplâncton 
realizam a transição do elemento carbono de 
sua forma inorgânica 2(CO ) para a forma 
orgânica 6 12 6(C H O ), ao realizar a 
fotossíntese. 
 
QUESTÃO 05 Gabarito: [C] 
Como todos os seres vivos obtêm, direta ou 
indiretamente, energia do Sol, a vida na 
Terra depende, em última análise, dessa 
energia proveniente do Sol. 
 
 
 
 
 
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