Anotações de aula - Conceitos básicos de genética

Esta é uma pré-visualização de arquivo. Entre para ver o arquivo original

+(5(',7$5,('$'(
7UDQVPLVV¢R�GH�FDUDFWHU¬VWLFDV�GRV�SDLV�SDUD�VHXV�GHVFHQGHQWHV�SRU�PHLR�GR�
PDWHULDO�JHQ¨WLFR�
ͻ
2FRUUH�QR�PRPHQWR�GD�IHUWLOL]D¦¢R
3ULQF¬SLRV�E VLFRV�GD�WUDQVPLVV¢R�GH�
FDUDFWHU¬VWLFDV�
`
6HSDUD¦¢R�GRV�SDUHV�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�GXUDQWH�D�
IRUPD¦¢R�GDV�F¨OXODV�UHSURGXWLYDV��PHLRVH�
`
8QL¢R�GR�HVSHUPDWR]²LGH�FRP�XP�²YXOR�SDUD�
FULDU�XPD�F¨OXOD�FRP�XP�¹QLFR�PDWHULDO�JHQ¨WLFR�
�]LJRWR�RX�F¨OXOD�RYR�
`
ͻ
'XUDQWH�D�IRUPD¦¢R�GDV�F¨OXODV�JHUPLQDWLYDV��R�Q¹PHUR�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�GDV�
F¨OXODV�¨�UHGX]LGR���PHWDGH�GXUDQWH�D�PHLRVH��R�TXH�JDUDQWH�D�PDQXWHQ¦¢R�GR�
JHQRPD�GLSORLGH���Q��GD�HVS¨FLH�DS²V�D�IHFXQGD¦¢R�
ͻ
02/�&8/$�'(�'1$
��R�ORFDO�RQGH�DV�LQIRUPD¦´HV�JHQ¨WLFDV�GRV�
LQGLY¬GXRV�ILFDP�DUPD]HQDGDV
¸
)RUPDGD�SRU�GRLV�UDPRV�FRPSRVWRV�GH�PRO¨FXODV�GH�
D¦¹FDU��GHVR[LUULERVH��H�GH�IRVIDWRV�TXH�VH�OLJDP�SRU�
PHLR�GR�SDUHDPHQWR�GH�TXDWUR�PRO¨FXODV�
GHQRPLQDGDV�EDVHV�QLWURJHQDGDV��TXH�V¢R�XQLGDV�SRU�
OLJD¦´HV�GH�KLGURJ©QLR�
¸
%DVHV�QLWURJHQDGDV�� $GHQLQD��$��SDUHD�VH�FRP�D�
7LPLQD��7���*XDQLQD��*��FRP�D�&LWRVLQD��&���
¸
&5202662026
$�PRO¨FXOD�GH�'1$�¨�RUJDQL]DGD�H�DUPD]HQDGD�QRV�FURPRVVRPRV��TXH�V¢R�
HQFRQWUDGRV�QR�Q¹FOHR�GDV�F¨OXODV�HXFDUL²WLFDV�RX�QR�FLWRSODVPD�GDV�F¨OXODV�
SURFDUL²WLFDV
&DGD�FURPRVVRPR�DSUHVHQWD�VH�HP�SDUHV��
GHQRPLQDGRV�KRP²ORJRV��XP�¨�KHUGDGR�GR�SDL�H�
R�RXWUR�GD�P¢H
`
&DGD�SDU�GH�FURPRVVRPR�KRP²ORJR�DSUHVHQWD�R�
PHVPR�FRPSULPHQWR�H�IRUPD��H[FHWR�SHORV�
FURPRVVRPRV�VH[XDLV��H�FRQW¨P�D�LQIRUPD¦¢R�
JHQ¨WLFD�SDUD�D�PHVPD�FDUDFWHU¬VWLFD
`
ͻ
2�Q¹PHUR�GH�SDUHV�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�¨�W¬SLFR�GH�FDGD�HVS¨FLH�H�QRUPDOPHQWH�¨�
DEUHYLDGR�SHOD�OHWUD��Q�
ͻ
&RQFHLWRV�EiVLFRV�GH�*HQpWLFD
1RV�KXPDQRV��Q� ����FURPRVVRPRV���Q� ���ͻ
*(120$
��WRGR�R�PDWHULDO�JHQ¨WLFR�GH�XPD�F¨OXOD��FURPRVVRPRV�VH[XDLV���FURPRVVRPRV�
DXWRVVRPDLV�
ͻ
2�JHQRPD�HP�TXH�RV�FURPRVVRPRV�DSDUHFHP�DRV�SDUHV�¨�GLSORLGH���Q�ͻ
1RV�JDPHWDV��R�Q¹PHUR�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�RFRUUH�SHOD�PHWDGH�H�R�JHQRPD�GHVVDV�
F¨OXODV�¨�GLWR�FRPR�KDSORLGH��Q�
ͻ
&$5,�7,32
&RQMXQWR�FRPSOHWR�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�GR�LQGLY¬GXRͻ
&DUL²WLSRV�GH�GLIHUHQWHV�HVS¨FLH�GLIHUHP�TXDQWR���IRUPD��WDPDQKR�H�Q¹PHUR�GH�
FURPRVVRPRV��([��RV�FURPRVVRPRV�VH[XDLV�HP�PDP¬IHURV�V¢R�GHILQLGRV�SRU�XP�
SDU�GH�FURPRVVRPRV�GHVLJXDLV��;<��QRV�PDFKRV��HQTXDQWR�DV�I©PHDV�
DSUHVHQWDP�GRLV�FURPRVVRPRV�LJXDLV��;;���QDV�DYHV��RV�FURPRVVRPRV�VH[XDLV�
UHFHEHP�QRPHV�GLIHUHQWHV�H�VXD�UHOD¦¢R�FRP�R�VH[R�¨�RSRVWD��VHQGR�RV�PDFKRV�
KRPRJDP¨WLFRV��==��H�DV�I©PHDV�KHWHURJDP¨WLFDV��=:�
ͻ
*(1(
6HJPHQWR�GH�'1$�VLWXDGR�HP�XPD�SRVL¦¢R�HVSHF¬ILFD�GH�XP�GHWHUPLQDGR�
FURPRVVRPR�H�TXH�SDUWLFLSD�GD�PDQLIHVWD¦¢R�IHQRW¬SLFD�GH�XPD�GHWHUPLQDGD�
FDUDFWHU¬VWLFD
'R�SRQWR�GH�YLVWD�PROHFXODU��¨�XP�
VHJPHQWR�GH�'1$�FRP�SRWHQFLDO�SDUD�
VHU�WUDQVFULWR�HP�XP�51$�IXQFLRQDO�
�PHQVDJHLUR��WUDQVIHU©QFLD�RX�
ULERVV³PLFR�
�
2�ORFDO�HVSHF¬ILFR�GH�XP�JHQH�QR�
FURPRVVRPR�¨�FKDPDGR�GH�ORFXV
�
ͻ
�[RQ�� VHJPHQWR�GH�XP�JHQH�TXH�HIHWLYDPHQWH�FRGLILFD�SDUWH�GD�VHTX©QFLD�GH�
DPLQR FLGRV�GH�XPD�SURWH¬QD
ͻ
�QWURQ�� VHJPHQWR�GH�XP�JHQH�TXH�Q¢R�¨�FRGLILFDQWHͻ
/2&86�*�1,&2��3/85$/�/2&,�
3RVL¦¢R�TXH�XP�JHQH�RFXSD�HP�XP�FURPRVVRPRͻ
ͻ
$/(/26
)RUPDV�DOWHUQDWLYDV�GH�XP�PHVPR�JHQH�TXH�RFXSDP�R�PHVPR�ORFR�HP�
FURPRVVRPRV�KRP²ORJRV�H�TXH�SRGHP�DIHWDU�D�PHVPD�FDUDFWHU¬VWLFD�GH�
ͻ
PDQHLUDV�GLIHUHQWHV
+HWHUR]LJRWRV�QR�ORFR�� RUJDQLVPRV�FRP�GRLV�DOHORV�GLIHUHQWHV�HP�XP�ORFR�
+RPR]LJRWR�QR�ORFR�� RUJDQLVPRV�FRP�GXDV�F²SLDV�GR�PHVPR�DOHOR�
&5202662026�+20�/2*26
6¢R�RV�TXH�SRVVXHP�UHJL´HV�FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV��GHYLGR���SUHVHQ¦D��QHVVHV�ORFDLV��
GH�JHQHV�DOHORV��UHVSRQV YHLV�SRU�FDUDFWHU¬VWLFDV�HVSHF¬ILFDV
ͻ
1D�IRUPD¦¢R�GH�JDPHWDV��K �D�VHSDUD¦¢R�GRV�FURPRVVRPRV�KRP²ORJRV��
GHVORFDQGR�FDGD�XP�SDUD�JDPHWDV�GLIHUHQWHV��IRUPDQGR�XPD�F¨OXOD�KDSO²LGH��Q�
ͻ
ͻ
&520�7,'(6
&URPRVVRPRV�LJXDLV�HP�PRUIRORJLD�H�FRQWH¹GR�GH�JHQHV�TXH�SHUPDQHFHP�
XQLGRV�SHOD�UHJL¢R�FHQWURP¨ULFD�GXUDQWH�SDUWH�GR�FLFOR�FHOXODU
ͻ
ͻ
*(1�7,32
��D�FRPELQD¦¢R�GH�DOHORV�SURYHQLHQWHV�GDV�F¨OXODV�JHUPLQDWLYDV�IHPLQLQD�H�
PDVFXOLQD�
ͻ
ͻ
*HQ²WLSR�¨�HVVHQFLDOPHQWH�XP�FRPSRQHQWH�IL[R�GH�XP�RUJDQLVPR�ͻ
4XDQGR�DSHQDV�XP�RX�DOJXQV�SRXFRV�JHQHV�V¢R�UHVSRQV YHLV�SRU�XPD�
FDUDFWHU¬VWLFD��R�IHQ²WLSR�QRUPDOPHQWH�Q¢R�VH�DOWHUD�GXUDQWH�D�YLGD��M �R�
IHQ²WLSR�SRGH�VH�DOWHUDU�FRQWLQXDPHQWH�HP�UHVSRVWD�D�IDWRUHV�DPELHQWDLV
ͻ
+202=,*272
7HUPR�SDUD�LQGLFDU�TXH�RV�DOHORV�SUHVHQWHV�HP�XP�ORFXV�J©QLFR��HP�ͻ
FURPRVVRPRV�KRP²ORJRV��V¢R�LG©QWLFRV�
+ �GXDV�IRUPDV�GH�UHSUHVHQWD¦¢R�HVTXHP WLFD�GR�JHQ²WLSR�KRPR]LJRWR��XP�VH�
FRQVLGHUD�FURPRVVRPRV�Q¢R�GXSOLFDGRV��DQWHV�GD�UHSOLFD¦¢R�GR�'1$��FRQVWDQGR�
DSHQDV�GH�XPD�FURP WLGH���R�RXWUR��GXSOLFDGRV��DS²V�D�UHSOLFD¦¢R�GR�'1$��
FRQWHQGR�FURP WLGHV�LUP¢V�
ͻ
ͻ
+(7(52=,*272
7HUPR�SDUD�LQGLFDU�TXH�RV�DOHORV�SUHVHQWHV�HP�XP�ORFXV�J©QLFR��HP�
FURPRVVRPRV�KRP²ORJRV��V¢R�GLIHUHQWHV�
ͻ
ͻ
ͻ
$/(/2�'20,1$17(
8P�JHQH�GRPLQDQWH�H[HUFH�GRPLQ¡QFLD�TXDQGR�VH�H[SUHVVD�PHVPR�TXH�HP�
GRVH�VLPSOHV
ͻ
$/(/2�5(&(66,92
8P�JHQH�UHFHVVLYR�V²�VH�H[SUHVVD�HP�KRPR]LJRVHͻ