Prévia do material em texto
'HILQLo}HV� 2�VLVWHPD�HQGyFULQR�FRPSUHHQGH�RV� KRUP{QLRV�TXH�VmR�VXEVWkQFLDV� IRUPDGDV�SRU�SURWHtQDV�RX� DPLQRiFLGRV�RX�HVWHURLGHV��VHQGR� VHFUHWDGDV�SRU�JOkQGXODV� HVSHFLDOL]DGDV�H�TXH�TXDQGR� ODQoDGDV�QD�FRUUHQWH�VDQJXtQHD�� DSUHVHQWDP�DomR�ORFDO�RX�VLVWrPLFD�� 2V�KRUP{QLRV�DWXDP��MXQWDPHQWH� FRP�R�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR��FRQWURODQGR� GLIHUHQWHV�UHVSRVWDV�GR�RUJDQLVPR�� FRPR�IXQomR�UHJXODGRUD�� KRPHRVWiWLFD��GHVHQYROYLPHQWR�� UHSURGXomR��GHQWUH�RXWUDV� 6LVWHPD�(QGyFULQR�� *OkQGXODV $V�JOkQGXODV�VH�RULJLQDP�D�SDUWLU�GH�EURWDPHQWRV�H� LQYDJLQDo}HV�GH�FpOXODV�HSLWHOLDLV��RV�TXDLV�DEDQGRQDP�D� VXSHUItFLH�RQGH�VH�GHVHQYROYHP�H�SHQHWUDP�QR�WHFLGR� FRQMXQWLYR�VXEMDFHQWH��SURGX]LQGR�XPD�OkPLQD�EDVDO�DR�VHX� UHGRU��$V�XQLGDGHV�VHFUHWRUDV��MXQWDPHQWH�FRP�VHXV� GXFWRV��IRUPDP�R�SDUrQTXLPD�GDV�JOkQGXODV��HQTXDQWR�R� HVWURPD�p�UHSUHVHQWDGR�SHORV�HOHPHQWRV�GR�WHFLGR� FRQMXQWLYR�TXH�LQYDGHP�H�VXVWHQWDP�R�SDUrQTXLPD� $V�JOkQGXODV�VmR�FODVVLILFDGDV�HP�GRLV�JUDQGHV�JUXSRV�GH� DFRUGR�FRP�R�PpWRGR�GH�GLVWULEXLomR�GH�VHXV�SURGXWRV�GH� VHFUHomR� ([yFULQDV $V�([yFULQDV�VHFUHWDP�VHXV�SURGXWRV�DWUDYpV�GH� GXFWRV�SDUD�D�VXSHUItFLH�HSLWHOLDO�LQWHUQD�RX� H[WHUQD�GDV�TXDLV�IRUDP�RULJLQDGDV��2V�GXFWRV� SRGHP�WUDQVSRUWDU�R�PDWHULDO�VHFUHWDGR�HP� VXD�IRUPD�LQDOWHUDGD��RX�SRGHP�PRGLILFDU�D� VHFUHomR�FRQFHQWUDQGR�D��DGLFLRQDQGR�RX� UHDEVRUYHQGR�VXEVWkQFLDV�FRQVWLWXLQWHV� (QGyFULQDV $V�(QGyFULQDV�VmR�DSUHVHQWDP�GXFWRV��SRLV�SHUGHP�VXDV� FRQH[}HV�FRP�R�HSLWpOLR�GH�RULJHP�H�DVVLP�VHFUHWDP�VHXV� SURGXWRV�SDUD�RV�YDVRV�VDQJXtQHRV�RX�OLQIiWLFRV�SDUD� GLVWULEXLomR��'H�DFRUGR�FRP�D�RUJDQL]DomR�GH�VXDV�FpOXODV�� SRGHP�VHU�GLIHUHQFLDGRV�GRLV�WLSRV�GH�JOkQGXODV� HQGyFULQDV��VHQGR� &RUGRQDO��ͻ DV�FpOXODV�IRUPDP�FRUG}HV�DQDVWRPRVDGRV�� HQWUHPHDGRV�SRU�FDSLODUHV�VDQJXtQHRV��FRPR�SRU� H[HPSOR��SDUDWLUHRLGH��VXSUDUUHQDO�H�KLSyILVH�DQWHULRU� 9HVLFXODU�ͻ DV�FpOXODV�IRUPDP�YHVtFXODV�RX�IROtFXORV�SUHHQFKLGRV� GH�PDWHULDO�VHFUHWDGR� $OJXQV�yUJmRV�WrP�IXQo}HV�WDQWR�HQGyFULQDV� FRPR�H[yFULQDV��DV JOkQGXODV�PLVWDV��H�XP�Vy� WLSR�GH�FpOXOD�SRGH�IXQFLRQDU�GH�DPEDV�DV� PDQHLUDV�± SRU�H[HPSOR��QR�ItJDGR��QR�TXDO� FpOXODV�VHFUHWDP�ELOH�DWUDYpV�GH�XP�VLVWHPD�GH� GXFWRV�H�WDPEpP�VHFUHWDP�SURGXWRV�QD� FLUFXODomR�VDQJXtQHD��(P�DOJXQV�yUJmRV��FHUWDV� FpOXODV�VmR�HVSHFLDOL]DGDV�HP�VHFUHomR�H[yFULQDV�H� RXWUDV�HP�VHFUHomR�HQGyFULQD��FRPR�p�R�FDVR�GR� SkQFUHDV� $V�XQLGDGHV�VHFUHWRUDV�GH�DOJXPDV�JOkQGXODV�± JOkQGXODV�PDPiULDV��VXGRUtSDUDV�H�VDOLYDUHV�± VmR�HQYROYLGDV�SRU�FpOXODV�PLRHSLWHOLDLV��6mR� FpOXODV�UDPLILFDGDV�TXH�FRQWrP�PLRVLQD�H�PXLWRV� 6DLED�PDLV� 'H�DFRUGR�FRP�R�PRGR�SHOR�TXDO�RV�SURGXWRV�GH�VHFUHomR� GHL[DP�D�FpOXOD��DV�JOkQGXODV�SRGHP�VHU�FODVVLILFDGDV�HP� PHUyFULQDV��KROyFULQDV�RX�DSyFULQDV��1DV� JOkQGXODV PHUyFULQDV �H[���SkQFUHDV���D�VHFUHomR�DFXPXODGD� ᇹᇹ 6LVWHPD�HQGyFULQR�ᇹᇹ JOkQGXODV�PDPiULDV��VXGRUtSDUDV�H�VDOLYDUHV�± VmR�HQYROYLGDV�SRU�FpOXODV�PLRHSLWHOLDLV��6mR� FpOXODV�UDPLILFDGDV�TXH�FRQWrP�PLRVLQD�H�PXLWRV� ILODPHQWRV�GH�DFWLQD��(ODV�VmR�FDSD]HV�GH� FRQWUDomR��DJLQGR�QD�H[SXOVmR�GD�VHFUHomR�GHVVDV� JOkQGXODV� 'HILQLomR�H� IXQFLRQDPHQWR�GR�6LVW�� (QGyFULQR 2�VLVWHPD�HQGyFULQR�p�GHILQLGR�FRPR�XPD�UHGH� LQWHJUDGD�GH�P~OWLSORV�yUJmRV��GH�GLIHUHQWHV� RULJHQV�HPEULROyJLFDV��TXH�OLEHUDP�KRUP{QLRV� TXH�H[HUFHP�VHXV�HIHLWRV�HP�FpOXODV�DOYR� SUy[LPDV�RX�GLVWDQWHV�± DV�JOkQGXODV�HQGyFULQDV�� (ODV�QmR�DWXDP�GH�PDQHLUD�LVRODGD�H�HVWmR� HVWUHLWDPHQWH�LQWHJUDGDV�FRP�RV�VLVWHPDV� QHUYRVRV�FHQWUDO�H�SHULIpULFR��LQWHUDomR� QHXURHQGyFULQD���DOpP�GR�VLVWHPD�LPXQH� GHL[DP�D�FpOXOD��DV�JOkQGXODV�SRGHP�VHU�FODVVLILFDGDV�HP� PHUyFULQDV��KROyFULQDV�RX�DSyFULQDV��1DV� JOkQGXODV PHUyFULQDV �H[���SkQFUHDV���D�VHFUHomR�DFXPXODGD� HP�JUkQXORV�GH�VHFUHomR�p�OLEHUDGD�SRU�PHLR�GH�H[RFLWRVH�� 1DV KROyFULQDV �H[���JOkQGXODV�VHEiFHDV���R�SURGXWR�GH� VHFUHomR�p�HOLPLQDGR�MXQWDPHQWH�FRP�WRGD�D�FpOXOD�� SURFHVVR�TXH�HQYROYH�D�GHVWUXLomR�GH�FpOXODV�UHSOHWDV�GH� VHFUHomR��3RU�ILP��DV�JOkQGXODV DSyFULQDV��FRPR�D�JOkQGXOD� PDPiULD��WHP�VHX�SURGXWR�GH�VHFUHomR�GHVFDUUHJDGR�MXQWR� FRP�SHTXHQDV�SRUo}HV�GR�FLWRSODVPD�DSLFDO� 6H�OLJD� 8P�H[HPSOR�GH�LQWHJUDomR�QHXURHQGyFULQD�p�D�JOkQGXOD� VXSUDUUHQDO�TXH�DJH�WDQWR�FRPR�JOkQGXOD�TXDQWR�FRPR� JkQJOLR�SyV�JDQJOLRQDU�DR�PHVPR�WHPSR� 3DUD�VHFUHWDU�VHXV�KRUP{QLRV��HODV�XWLOL]DP�R�VLVWHPD� LQWHUVWLFLDO��D�SDUWLU�GR�TXDO�SDVVDP�SDUD�D�FLUFXODomR�� 'LIHUHQWHPHQWH�GD�PDLRULD�GRV�VLVWHPDV��DV�JOkQGXODV� HQGyFULQDV�QmR�DSUHVHQWDP�FRQH[mR�DQDW{PLFD�H�HVWmR� GLVWULEXtGDV�SRU�WRGR�R�FRUSR��VH�FRPXQLFDQGR�SHOD� OLEHUDomR�GH�KRUP{QLRV�RX�QHXURWUDQVPLVVRUHV� 8P�PHVPR�yUJmR�SRGH�DSUHVHQWDU�GLIHUHQWHV�WLSRV� FHOXODUHV�TXH��QD�PDLRULD�GDV�YH]HV��FDGD�XP�p� UHVSRQViYHO�SHOD�VtQWHVH�H�VHFUHomR�GH�XP�KRUP{QLR� HVSHFtILFR��$OpP�GLVVR��XP�PHVPR�WLSR�FHOXODU�SRGH� VHFUHWDU�PDLV�GH�XP�KRUP{QLR͘ $V�SULQFLSDLV�JOkQGXODV� HQGyFULQDV�VmR� *{QDGDV��RYiULRV�H�WHVWtFXORV�ͻ 3kQFUHDV��LOKRWDV�SDQFUHiWLFDV�ͻ 6XSUDUUHQDOͻ 7LUHRLGHͻ 3DUDWLUHRLGHͻ +LSyILVHͻ 6H�OLJD� $OpP�GDV�JOkQGXODV�HQGyFULQDV�FOiVVLFDV��GHYHPRV� FRQVLGHUDU�D�SUHVHQoD�GH�FpOXODV�VHFUHWRUDV� GLVSHUVDV�HP�XP�GHWHUPLQDGR�ORFDO��VHP�IRUPDU� XP�WHFLGR�HVSHFLDOL]DGR��3RU�H[HPSOR��R�FRUDomR� 6LVWHPD�1HXURHQGyFULQR 2�VLVWHPD�QHXURHQGyFULQR�HQJORED�P~OWLSODV� LQWHUDo}HV�UHFtSURFDV�HQWUH�R�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR� FHQWUDO��R�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�DXW{QRPR��R�VLVWHPD� HQGyFULQR�H�R�VLVWHPD�LPXQH�QD�UHJXODomR�GD� KRPHRVWDVLD�H�GDV�UHVSRVWDV�FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV�DRV� HVWtPXORV�DPELHQWDLV��2V�KRUP{QLRV� QHXURHQGyFULQRV�VmR�VHFUHWDGRV�SRU�QHXU{QLRV�QR� FRQVLGHUDU�D�SUHVHQoD�GH�FpOXODV�VHFUHWRUDV� GLVSHUVDV�HP�XP�GHWHUPLQDGR�ORFDO��VHP�IRUPDU� XP�WHFLGR�HVSHFLDOL]DGR��3RU�H[HPSOR��R�FRUDomR� OLEHUD�R�SHSWtGHR�QDWULXUpWLFR�DWULDO�H�R�LQWHVWLQR� OLEHUD�RV�KRUP{QLRV�FROHFLVWRFLQLQD�H�LQFUHWLQDV�� 8P�WHUFHLUR�FRPSRQHQWH�GR�VLVWHPD�HQGyFULQR�p� UHSUHVHQWDGR�SRU�QXPHURVRV�WLSRV�FHOXODUHV�TXH� H[SUHVVDP�HQ]LPDV�TXH�PRGLILFDP�SUHFXUVRUHV� LQDWLYRV�RX�KRUP{QLRV�PHQRV�DWLYRV�HP�KRUP{QLRV� DOWDPHQWH�DWLYRV��8P�H[HPSOR�p�D�JHUDomR�GH� DQJLRWHQVLQD�,,�GR�SROLSHSWtGHR�DQJLRWHQVLQRJrQLR� LQDWLYR�SRU�GXDV�FOLYDJHQV�SURWHROtWLFDV� VXEVHTXHQWHV� 2V�KRUP{QLRV�/+�H�R�*Q5+�REHGHFHP�DRV�FLFORV� HVWUDLV�H�QmR�DR�ULWPR�FLUFDGLDQR��DOpP�GH� DSUHVHQWDUDP�VHFUHomR�SXOViWLO��FDUDFWHUL]DGR�XP� ULWPR�XOWUDGLDQR�TXH��QR�VHU�KXPDQR��WHP�XP� SHUtRGR�GH�DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH����K� 2�FRQMXQWR�GH�XQLGDGHV�GH�FpOXODV�HQGyFULQDV� SUHVHQWHV�HP�GLYHUVRV�yUJmRV�FRQVWLWXL�R�VLVWHPD� QHXURHQGyFULQR�GLIXVR��61('���$OpP�GH�VXD�IXQomR� HQGyFULQD��DV�FpOXODV�GR�61('�H[HUFHP�FRQWUROH� DXWyFULQR�H�SDUiFULQR�VREUH�D�DWLYLGDGH�GH�VXDV� SUySULDV�FpOXODV�HSLWHOLDLV�DGMDFHQWHV�SRU�PHLR�GH� GLIXVmR�GDV�VHFUHo}HV�SHSWtGLFDV� $�SULQFLSDO�DomR�GR�VLVWHPD�QHXURHQGyFULQR�p� SURWDJRQL]DGD�SHOR�FRQWUROH�GD�VHFUHomR�GRV� KRUP{QLRV�KLSRILViULRV�SHOR�KLSRWiODPR� KRPHRVWDVLD�H�GDV�UHVSRVWDV�FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV�DRV� HVWtPXORV�DPELHQWDLV��2V�KRUP{QLRV� QHXURHQGyFULQRV�VmR�VHFUHWDGRV�SRU�QHXU{QLRV�QR� VDQJXH�FLUFXODQWH�H�LQIOXHQFLDP�D�IXQomR�GH� FpOXODV�DOYR�HP�RXWURV�ORFDLV�GR�FRUSR� (VVH�VLVWHPD�p�FDUDFWHUL]DGR�SRU�H[HUFHU�XP� FRQWUROH�VREUH�R�ULWPR�GH�VHFUHomR�KRUPRQDO��$� VHFUHomR�GH�TXDOTXHU�KRUP{QLR�DSUHVHQWD� ULWPLFLGDGH�FLUFDGLDQD��GH�PRGR�TXH�D�VHFUHomR�GRV� KRUP{QLRV�DR�ORQJR�GDV����KRUDV�GR�GLD�QmR�VHMD� FRQVWDQWH��$�OLEHUDomR�GRV�KRUP{QLRV�RFRUUH�GH� IRUPD�IOXWXDQWH�H�UHJXODU�FRPR�IRUPD�GH�SUHSDUDU� R�RUJDQLVPR�DQWHFLSDGDPHQWH�jV�DOWHUDo}HV� SUHYLVtYHLV�GD�DOWHUQkQFLD�HQWUH�GLD�H�QRLWH� (L[R�+LSRWiODPR�± +LSyILVH 1HVWH�HL[R�HQGyFULQR��HQFRQWUDPRV�WUrV�QtYHLV��R� SULPHLUR�QtYHO�p�UHSUHVHQWDGR�SHORV�QHXU{QLRV� QHXURHQGyFULQRV�KLSRWDOkPLFRV�TXH�VHFUHWDP� KRUP{QLRV�GH�OLEHUDomR�TXH�HVWLPXODP�RX�LQLEHP�D� SURGXomR�H�VHFUHomR�GH�KRUP{QLRV�WUyILFRV�GD�JOkQGXOD� KLSyILVH��TXH�UHSUHVHQWD�R�VHJXQGR�QtYHO��2V�KRUP{QLRV� WUyILFRV�HVWLPXODP�D�SURGXomR�H�D�VHFUHomR�GH� KRUP{QLRV�GDV�JOkQGXODV�HQGyFULQDV�SHULIpULFDV� �WHUFHLUR�QtYHO�� e�LPSRUWDQWH�REVHUYDU�TXH�HVVHV�QtYHLV�LQIOXHQFLDP�D� VHFUHomR�XQV�GRV�RXWURV�SRU�DOoDV�GH�UHWURDOLPHQWDomR� QHJDWLYD��RX�IHHGEDFN�QHJDWLYR���GH�PRGR�TXH�R�DXPHQWR�GD�OLEHUDomR�GH�KRUP{QLRV�GH�XP�QtYHO� GHWHUPLQD�D�UHGXomR�GH�HVWtPXOR�DRV�QtYHLV�DQWHULRUHV� $�IXQomR�KLSRWDOkPLFD�p�UHJXODGD�SRU�PHLR�GH�VLQDLV� KRUP{QLR�PHGLDGRV��H[���IHHGEDFN�QHJDWLYR��H�GH� LPSXOVRV�QHXUDLV�RULJLQDGRV�GH�YiULDV�IRQWHV��(VVHV� VLQDLV�QHUYRVRV�VmR�PHGLDGRV�SRU�QHXURWUDQVPLVVRUHV�� 2�KLSRWiODPR�SRGH�VHU�FRQVLGHUDGR�D�YLD�ILQDO�FRPXP� SRU�PHLR�GD�TXDO�RV�VLQDLV�GH�P~OWLSORV�VLVWHPDV� DWLQJHP�D�DGHQR�KLSyILVH��2�KLSRWiODPR�WDPEpP� HPLWH�VLQDLV�SDUD�RXWUDV�SDUWHV�GR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR� $VVLP��HVWH�VLVWHPD�GH�LQWHUDo}HV�LPXQR� QHXURHQGyFULQDV�p�LPSRUWDQWH�QD�UHVSRVWD�GR� RUJDQLVPR�D�GLYHUVRV�HVWUHVVHV�