Estratégias de Conversação em Inglês

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LÍNGUA INGLESA – PRÁTICA ORAL
Estratégias de conversação
Tema da Apresentação
Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 A função de estratégias de conversação.
 A necessidade de interação de forma apropriada, de acordo com a circunstância e atos de fala comuns de falantes nativos.
Tema da Apresentação
Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Grammar knowledge + vocabulary = being able to carry on a conversation 
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
con·ver·sa·tion
Definition of CONVERSATION
1 obsolete : conduct, behavior
2 a (1) : oral exchange of sentiments, observations, opinions, or ideas (2) : an instance of such exchange : talk <a quietconversation>b : an informal discussion of an issue by representatives of governments, institutions, or groupsc : an exchange similar to conversation
— con·ver·sa·tion·al adjective
— con·ver·sa·tion·al·ly adverb
 
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Examples of CONVERSATION
Do you remember our conversation about that new movie?
We got into a long conversation about his behavior.
They were engaged in a lengthy conversation about politics.
The topic came up in conversation.
They were so deep in conversation that they barely noticed me.
He kept trying to engage me in conversation.
She's skilled in the art of conversation.
an interesting topic of conversation
We had a conversation by e-mail.
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Origin of CONVERSATION
Middle-English conversacioun, from Anglo-French conversacion, from Latin conversation-, conversatio, from conversari to associate with, frequentative of convertere to turn around
First Known Use: 14th century
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
It can be difficult for people learning a language to find a good way to start a conversation with someone they don’t know!
Of course, talking to new people is important. Not only is it the best way to make new friends, it is also a great way to learn and practice using your English!
Yet many students often find it very difficult to find the chance to talk to a local English speaker when they come to Australia or another English speaking country.
It sounds strange in a way! In Australia, there are many people who speak English, but the students find it very hard to find anyone to talk to!
Why? The answers include: they don’t know how to start a conversation, they are shy or nervous about their English and more!
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
One of the hardest steps in learning a foreign language is finding the confidence to start a conversation. This is especially difficult when the other person is a native speaker. Here are some tips to help you break the ice.
 Opening lines
The first step is to break the ice (start the conversation). You can introduce yourself with: "Hello, my name is..." or try a more relaxed approach like "Hi, I'm..." You can follow up your greeting with a simple question like "Where do you come from?" or a comment on the weather if you're outside, e.g. "It's really cold today isn't it?"
It's a good idea to start with something easy and impersonal to help you build your confidence. The subject of weather is an easy one that everyone in the world is able to talk about!
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Suitable Topics
A good way to keep a conversation going is to talk about something you've got in common. For example if you meet someone at a party, you could ask them how they know the host. Or if you're standing in line for the bus, you could sigh and say "Don't you just hate waiting in line!"
After that, the best thing to do is to ask your new friend about him or herself: "Where do you work?" or"What do you like to do in your spare time?" are good questions when getting to know someone. Remember, everyone likes to talk about themselves!
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Appropriate Responses
To keep a conversation going it's important to respond to what people say, for example "That must be interesting!" or "Really? I've never tried that." You could also repeat what the person says and ask a follow-up question, like "You lived in Paris? For how long?“
Listening Techniques
Having a conversation in the 'real world' is always more challenging than talking in the classroom. But don't give up! Remember, you don't have to understand every word: concentrate on the words that you do understand instead of getting stuck on the ones you don't.
Finally, don't forget to be polite, or you may 'put your foot in it' and say something embarrassing. Mistakes like these can end a conversation before they even start.
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Conversation Rules:
The speakers change turns in a cooperative way;
To be polite, generally each person speaks at a time;
The extent of the speakers’ contributions is variable and not predictable;
Usually, the content of a conversation is not previously specified. 
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Openings and closings
Do you know how to approach a person and open a conversation? Remember your mother tongue culture? Let’s see some tips (openings):
Greetings
Introduce yourself 
Ask them easy questions
Ask them about themselves 
Tell them something surprising/funny
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NON-VERBAL OPENERS:
 
Smiling – It helps establish a positive climate 
Open Posture – It communicates interest 
Shaking Hands – It establishes physical contact, facilitating involvement.
Eye Contact – It communicates interest and attention. 
 
Nodding – It conveys attention and signals understanding on what the other person is saying.
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
TO MAINTAIN the Conversation:
Verbal Skills:
Pay attention to what the other person is saying (the person’s profession, school matters, interests, hobbies, etc). You may ask related questions:
EX.: “Do you like to work/study there?”
At this point we may also have the so-called HESITATIONS:
Examples:
Hmm...; Erm…; Well…; You know…; The rest you can guess…
Nonverbal skills:
Continue to use the previous gestures: smiling, open posture, eye contact and nodding. 
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Polite closings
It's been nice talking to you. 
It's been great talking with you. 
I really enjoyed meeting you. 
(It was) nice meeting you, Mr. Brown. 
Sorry, but I have to go now. 
I'm afraid I have to leave now. 
Thanks for the information/your time. 
I really enjoyed talking with you 
Thanks for taking the time to talk with us. – VERY POLITE!
I look forward to seeing you again. – VERY POLITE!
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Not so-polite closings (but not rude!)
See you on/next Monday. 
Let me give you my card. 
Here's my e-mail/office number. 
Let's keep in touch by e-mail.
We'll be in touch. 
Call me if you have any questions.
Ok then…
I think that's about it. I've nothing more to say about that.
Are we done?
That's enough about… for now.
Right…
Well, I suppose…
Erm, I’m afraid…
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
I’ll let you get back to your… (reading, cooking…)
So… see you tomorrow.
I’ll see you around. 
Goodness, is that the time!
You know… I’ve gotta go now…
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Nonverbal Closings
Break consistent eye contact.
Look at a clock or watch
Touch or handshake.
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Prática Oralem Língua Inglesa I
Follow ups
I'll send you an e-mail. 
I'll give you a call./ I’ll call you later.
We'll send out that information soon. 
I'll have my assistant schedule an appointment. 
May you send me some more information? 
Could you contact me by e-mail/phone? 
How can I get in touch with you? 
E-mail me, k?
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
DIALOGUE 1
Jerry: What a beautiful summer's day! There's not a cloud in the sky.Fei: Hey, I have an idea. Let's go somewhere special. I can introduce you to my favorite place in Beijing.
Jerry: Sure, I'd like to see that, but what is it exactly?Fei: You'll see when we get there. Come on, we can catch the 107 bus across the street...(10 minutes later, Fei and Jerry arrive. They go for a walk.)Fei: Can you see all those people across the street?Jerry: Yes, they're all dancing. I like the Chinese style music, but they're doing Western style dancing. It seems a bit odd to me. Are we going to dance today?
Fei: Not today - maybe when we get older! Look beyond the dancers. What do you see?
Jerry: Hey, there's a little pond over there. It looks very pleasant in the middle of a big city. Let's go take a closer look. I never knew there was a pond in the middle of Beijing.
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Fei: Actually, there are SIX! They're all man-made. There are two ponds to the west of the Forbidden City called Nan Hai, which could be called South Pond and Zhong Hai, or Middle Pond. The government offices surround those Ponds, so they're not open to the public. To the north of those ponds is...
Jerry: Let me guess. It must be North Pond!
Fei: Good guess! You're right, it's Bei Hai or I suppose we could say North Pond. We could see Bei Hai if we went through that gate over there, but we would have to pay. We can walk around the other three for free. This one is called Qian Hai or Front Pond, then there's Hou Hai or Back Pond. Finally, beyond Hou Hai is...
Jerry: Let me guess again. Is it Beyond Pond?
Fei: Another good guess. But this time you're wrong! The sixth one is a bit to the west, so it's called Xi Hai or West Pond.
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Jerry: Those people on the water seem to be having fun. Can we rent a boat too?
Fei: Sure, but I don't feel like it today. Let's do it another time.
Jerry: Okay. What are those traditional style buildings on the other side of Qian Hai?
Fei: Those are restaurants and coffee shops. We can go over there for a rest later if you want.
Jerry: You know, I think this would be a good place to have a drink, especially on a Friday night after a long week at work. Too bad there aren't any bars here. Maybe we could open a bar here. Isn't that a great idea?
Fei: Ha ha ha. Somebody beat you to that idea, Jerry. There are over 40 bars around Hou Hai! We'll go there some evening when you want to unwind, okay?
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
DIALOGUE 2
Fei: Jerry, do you remember that job interview I had a while ago?Jerry: Yes, you went to LMNOP Corporation, right?
Fei: That's right. You have a good memory! They called me in for a second interview...Jerry: That's a good sign. It means they like you.Fei: Yes, I must have made a good impression on them.Jerry: How did the second interview go?Fei: I really prepared thoroughly for this one. I asked the interview a lot of tough questions about the company and the job, then I presented my ideas on how I would do the job.
Jerry: What was their reaction?
Fei: I think I really impressed them. They gave me a job right on the spot!
Jerry: That's great! What will you be doing for them?
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Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
Fei: I will have several duties to perform. The first is to organize meetings. Then I'll have to present plans to clients.
Jerry: Do you mean that you will have to give speeches?
Fei: Yes, something like that. I will give formal presentations. I have to admit, I'm a bit nervous about that.
Jerry: I'm sure you'll do fine, as long as you prepare as well as you prepared for the interview.
Fei: I'll have more to do than that. I'll also have to follow-up through email or on the telephone. I think I'm going to be very busy. Do you have any tips for me?
Jerry: You'll have to learn how to manage your time well.
Fei: How can I "manage" my time?
Jerry: Well, the first thing you have to do is "prioritize".
Fei: I know that "prior" means "before", but I can't figure out what "prioritize" means...
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Jerry: It means to decide what should come first. In other words, what are your most important tasks. You should spend most of your time on the most important projects.
Fei: Oh yes, I've heard of that. Isn't there a rule, something like the 80-20 rule?
Jerry: Exactly! Your most important projects will be about 20% of your total work, but they're so important that you should devote 80% of your time and effort to them. The other tasks aren't so important, so they can be put off til later.
Fei: I see. I can't put off the most important jobs, so I have to be sure to get those done no matter what.
Jerry: I'm sure you'll do just fine in your new job. When are you going to start?
Fei: In two weeks. I'm really excited about it! 
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Estratégias de conversação
Prática Oral em Língua Inglesa I
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