In this research, proposals for continuity and improvements are presented. In the beginning, the principles of operation and types of insulating bu...

In this research, proposals for continuity and improvements are presented. In the beginning, the principles of operation and types of insulating bushes are presented, which have a very important function in the isolation of equipment in relation to the electrical system, but are considered fragile regarding operational conditions. It should be noted that the most important applications of insulating bushes are in power transformers, which are the main equipment in substations, and the values associated with their maintenance and unavailability in the electrical system constitute important contributions to the operational costs of an energy company. Current works related to meshless methods are then presented. At the end of the chapter, the methodology applied for the algorithm development and considerations about meshless methods are highlighted. 2.1 Operating principle and types of bushes The ABNT NBR-5034 and IEC 60137 standards define bushes as pieces or structures of insulating materials that ensure the isolated passage of a conductor through a non-insulating interface. Thus, the bush allows the safe passage of one or more conductors through a grounded interface, which can be a transformer tank, reactor tank, building wall, and other types of machines and constructions. The insulation of a high voltage bush must be able to withstand the voltage to which it is subjected and its central conductor must be able to conduct current under nominal and overload conditions without unacceptable temperature increases in relation to operational references and maintaining insulation in both conditions. Bushes are components designed to operate sheltered or in the open air and resist electrical and mechanical stresses, as well as serve as support for external connections and conductors. In addition, it is essential to ensure that the distribution of the electric field created by the conductor does not compromise its full operation. Thus, the bush must have high dielectric rigidity (FRONTIN et al., 2013; HEREDIA, 2008; H.HARLOW et al., 2004). The main point of fragility of a bush, where there is a greater probability of possible failures, is located in the region near the ground reference (equipment body or interface in which the bush is installed), as shown in Figure 2.11 presented in this chapter, due to the distribution of the electric field in the region. This is one of the greatest difficulties encountered in the design and manufacture of bushes, as this is where the shortest distance between the ground reference and the energized conductor is located. For high voltage levels, this problem is accentuated, so the distribution of the electric field is what defines the insulating material to be used and the type of bush manufacturing (HEREDIA, 2008). 2.1.1 Types of bushes The constructive form of a high voltage bush depends on several aspects, including the nominal voltage, insulating material, surrounding medium, distribution of the electric field, among others. In relation to its manufacturing technology, we can classify bushes into three broad groups: non-capacitive or non-condensing bushes (Bulk bushing), capacitive or condensing bushes (Condenser bushing), and SF6 insulated bushes. Figures 2.1 and 2.2 illustrate the distribution of the electric field in non-capacitive and capacitive bushes (FRONTIN et al., 2013).
What are insulating bushes?
What are the most important applications of insulating bushes?
What is the main point of fragility of a bush?
What are the three broad groups of bushes?
As normas ABNT NBR-5034 and IEC 60137 define bushes as pieces or structures of insulating materials that ensure the isolated passage of a conductor through a non-insulating interface.
The most important applications of insulating bushes are in power transformers, which are the main equipment in substations.
The main point of fragility of a bush is located in the region near the ground reference (equipment body or interface in which the bush is installed), due to the distribution of the electric field in the region.
The three broad groups of bushes are non-capacitive or non-condensing bushes (Bulk bushing), capacitive or condensing bushes (Condenser bushing), and SF6 insulated bushes.