What are the main techniques of dissolution? 1. Mechanical agitation: the most commonly used dispersion technique. Although it is the safest in t...

The main techniques of dissolution are: 1. Mechanical agitation: This technique involves stirring or shaking the solution to promote the dispersion of molecules and enhance dissolution. It is the most commonly used technique, but it can cause aeration and oxidation. 2. Heating: Increasing the temperature of the solution can significantly increase the solubility constant (Ks) and promote faster dissolution. However, this technique is not suitable for thermally unstable or volatile drugs. 3. Particle size reduction: The smaller the particle size of the solute, the larger the surface area available for dissolution. This leads to faster dissolution rates. 4. Use of co-solvent: Co-solvents are harmless and miscible solvents that are used in combination with the chosen vehicle to pre-dissolve the solute. This technique does not significantly alter the dielectric constant of the solvent system. The solute must have some affinity with the solvent system and not precipitate after the incorporation of the solution into the vehicle. 5. pH adjustment: For acidic or basic drugs, adjusting the pH of the solution can influence ionization and water solubility. pH alteration should also consider optimal stability, biocompatibility, and bioavailability. These techniques can be used individually or in combination to enhance the dissolution of drugs or other substances in solution.