EXERCISES Modal

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EXERCISES:
Make the correct past modal form (use could have / would have / should have + past participle)
1) I __________ (buy) bread but I didn't know we needed it. (past possibility)
2) We __________ (invite) so many people to our party! I'm worried that we won't have enough room for everyone. (past negative advice / regret)
3) I ___________________________________ (start) saving money years ago! (past advice / regret)
4) We ___________________________________ (join) you at the restaurant, but we couldn’t get a babysitter. (past willingness)
5) The weather ___________________________________ (be) any worse! (past negative possibility)
6) I ___________________________________ (arrive) on time, even if I’d left earlier. There were dreadful traffic jams all the way. (past negative possibility) 
7) They ___________________________________ (win) the football match, but John hurt his ankle. (past possibility)
8) Amanda ___________________________________ (finish) the work, but she felt ill and had to go home. (past willingness) 
9) Lucy ___________________________________ (left) earlier. She missed her flight. (past advice / regret) 
10) We ___________________________________ (finish) the game, even if we’d wanted to. It was raining very hard and we had to stop. (past negative possibility)
11) I ___________________________________ (eat) so much chocolate! I feel sick! (past negative advice / regret) 
12) Luke ___________________________________ (pass) the exam if he’d studied a bit more. (past possibility)
13) John ___________________________________ (call) Amy, but he didn’t have her number. (past willingness) 
14) You ___________________________________ (be) rude to him. He’s going to be really angry now. (past negative advice / regret) 
15) She ___________________________________ (come) to the restaurant if she’d left work earlier. (past possibility) 
16) You ___________________________________ (take) this job. I can see you’re not enjoying it. (past negative advice / regret)
17) The race was really difficult. She ___________________________________ (win) because she’s not fit enough. (past negative possibility) 
18) Our neighbours ___________________________________ (cut) down the tree in their garden. It was a really beautiful tree. (past negative advice / regret) 
19) The children ___________________________________ (do) their homework last night. Then they wouldn’t be panicking on the way to school. (past advice / regret)
20) I’m really cold! I ___________________________________ (bring) my coat. (past advice / regret) 
21) I ___________________________________ (come) to see you! I didn’t know you were ill. (past willingness) 
22) Andrew ___________________________________ (go) to Cambridge University, but he decided to travel instead. (past possibility)
23) They ___________________________________ (be) kinder to me. They were absolutely lovely. (past negative possibility) 
24) You ___________________________________ (buy) some milk at the shops. We don’t have any milk. (past advice / regret) 
25) They ___________________________________ (come) to have breakfast with us, but they went to bed too late the night before. (past willingness)
Put in ‘can’t’ or ‘must’:
1. Why is that man looking around like that? He _____________ be lost.
2. That woman _____________ be a doctor! She looks far too young.
3. John always fails the tests, even though he’s clever. He _____________ study enough.
4. The food is really good at that restaurant. They _____________ have a great chef.
5. Who’s that at the door? It _____________ be Susie – she’ll still be at work now.
6. This _____________ be John’s house. This house has a red door, and it’s number 24, just like he said.
7. Julie _____________ have much money, or she would buy a new car. Her old one is falling apart.
8. He _____________ be at work now, can he? It’s nearly midnight.
9. What a lot of lovely flowers you have! You _____________ really like gardening.
10. David _____________ drink a lot of coffee. He’s finished two packets already this week!
11. This _____________ be Jamie’s coat. He’s very tall, and this is tiny.
12. Her life _____________ be easy. She has four children and very little money.
13. Where’s Lucy? She _____________ be at the library, as she often goes there at this time.
14. This bill _____________ be right! £50 for two cups of coffee!
15. Emma’s amazingly good at the piano. She _____________ practise a lot.
16. The car in front is driving so slowly that I think they _____________ be looking for something.
17. You’ve already eaten enough for three people! You _____________ still be hungry!
18. This book _____________ belong to the library. It’s certainly not mine.
19. It only takes three hours to fly from London to Sydney? That _____________
be correct!
20. There _____________ be something wrong with the fridge! It’s making a very unusual noise.
Put in ‘must + infinitive’ or ‘must + have + past participle’:
1. Keiko always does really well on exams. She _____________ (study) a lot.
2. That woman drives a very expensive car. She _____________ (have) a lot of money.
3. You _____________ (practise) a lot before you gave your speech. It was really great.
4. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her husband _____________ (buy) them.
5. Where is my purse? I saw it earlier, so it _____________ (be) in this room.
6. Sarah couldn’t find her glasses. She thought she _____________ (leave) them at her office.
7. It _____________ (be) cold outside. That man in the street is wearing a coat.
8. All my plants _____________ (be) dead! I forgot to water them before I left for my holiday.
9. Susie is so late! She _____________ (miss) the train.
10. There’s rubbish all over my garden! A fox _____________ (be) in the bin.
11. Anna has a huge library in her house. She _____________ (love) books.
12. Oh no, I don’t have my keys! I _____________ (leave) them in the taxi.
13. When Lucy got home she found the ice cream had melted. It _____________
(be) too hot in the car.
14. If you haven’t eaten all day, you _____________ (be) hungry.
15. Jimmy and Louisa _____________ (be) very tired. They have a new baby.
16. It _____________ (rain) a lot in the night. There are puddles everywhere.
17. David _____________ (be) happy. His girlfriend just agreed to marry him.
18. What an amazing kitchen you’ve got! You _____________ (like) cooking.
19. John _____________ (eat) all the biscuits! There are none left.
20. When I got up this morning, the kitchen was spotless. Lily _____________
(tidy) it before she went to bed last night.
Gabarito:
1. I could have bought bread but I didn’t know we needed it. (past possibility) 
2. We shouldn’t have invited so many people to our party! I’m worried that we won’t have enough room for everyone. (past negative advice / regret) 
3. I shouldn’t have started saving money years ago! (past advice / regret) 
4. We would have joined you at the restaurant, but we couldn’t get a babysitter. (past willingness) 
5. The weather couldn’t have been any worse! (past negative possibility) 
6. I couldn’t have arrived on time, even if I’d left earlier. There were dreadful traffic jams all the way. (past negative possibility) 
7. They could have won the football match, but John hurt his ankle. (past possibility) 
8. Amanda would have finished the work, but she felt ill and had to go home. (past willingness) 
9. Lucy should have left earlier. She missed her flight. (past advice / regret) 
10. We couldn’t have finished the game, even if we’d wanted to. It was raining very hard and we had to stop. (past negative possibility) 
11. I shouldn’t have eaten so much chocolate! I feel sick! (past negative advice / regret) 
12. Luke could have passed the exam if he’d studied a bit more. (past possibility) 
13. John would have called Amy, but he didn’t have her number. (past willingness) 
14. You shouldn’t have been rude to him. He’s going to be really angry now. (past negative advice/ regret) 
15. She could have come to the restaurant if she’d left work earlier. (past possibility) 
16. You shouldn’t have taken this job. I can see you’re not enjoying it. (past negative advice / regret) 
17. The race was really difficult. She couldn’t have won because she’s not fit enough. (past negative possibility) 
18. Our neighbours shouldn’t have cut down the tree in their garden. It was a really beautiful tree. (past negative advice / regret) 
19. The children should have done their homework last night. Then they wouldn’t be panicking on the way to school. (past advice / regret) 
20. I’m really cold! I should have brought my coat. (past advice / regret) 
21. I would have come to see you! I didn’t know you were ill. (past willingness) 
22. Andrew could have gone to Cambridge University, but he decided to travel instead. (past possibility) 
23. They couldn’t have been kinder to me. They were absolutely lovely. (past negative possibility) 
24. You should have bought some milk at the shops. We don’t have any milk. (past advice / regret) 
25. They would have come to have breakfast with us, but they went to bed too late the night before. (past willingness) 
GABARITO 2
1. Why is that man looking around like that? He MUST be lost.
2. That woman CAN’T be a doctor! She looks far too young.
3. John always fails the tests, even though he’s clever. He CAN’T study enough.
4. The food is really good at that restaurant. They MUST have a great chef.
5. Who’s that at the door? It CAN’T be Susie – she’ll still be at work now.
6. This MUST be John’s house. This house has a red door, and it’s number 24, just like he said.
7. Julie CAN’T have much money, or she would buy a new car. Her old one is falling apart.
8. He CAN’T be at work now, can he? It’s nearly midnight.
9. What a lot of lovely flowers you have! You MUST really like gardening.
10. David MUST drink a lot of coffee. He’s finished two packets already this week!
11. This CAN’T be Jamie’s coat. He’s very tall, and this is tiny.
12. Her life CAN’T be easy. She has four children and very little money.
13. Where’s Lucy? She MUST be at the library, as she often goes there at this time.
14. This bill CAN’T be right! £50 for two cups of coffee!
15. Emma’s amazingly good at the piano. She MUST practise a lot.
16. The car in front is driving so slowly that I think they MUST be looking for something.
17. You’ve already eaten enough for three people! You CAN’T still be hungry!
18. This book MUST belong to the library. It’s certainly not mine.
19. It only takes three hours to fly from London to Sydney? That CAN’T be correct!
There MUST be something wrong with the fridge! It’s making a very unusual noise.
Gabarito 3
1. Keiko always does really well on exams. She must study a lot.
2. That woman drives a very expensive car. She must have a lot of money.
3. You must have practised a lot before you gave your speech. It was really great.
4. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her husband must have bought them.
5. Where is my purse? I saw it earlier, so it must be in this room.
6. Sarah couldn’t find her glasses. She thought she must have left them at her office.
7. It must be cold outside. That man in the street is wearing a coat.
8. All my plants must be dead! I forgot to water them before I left for my holiday.
9. Susie is so late! She must have missed the train.
10. There’s rubbish all over my garden! A fox must have been in the bin.
11. Anna has a huge library in her house. She must love books.
12. Oh no, I don’t have my keys! I must have left them in the taxi.
13. When Lucy got home she found the ice cream had melted. It must have been too hot in the car.
14. If you haven’t eaten all day, you must be hungry.
15. Jimmy and Louisa must be very tired. They have a new baby.
16. It must have rained a lot in the night. There are puddles everywhere.
17. David must be happy. His girlfriend just agreed to marry him.
18. What an amazing kitchen you’ve got! You must like cooking.
19. John must have eaten all the biscuits! There are none left.
20. When I got up this morning, the kitchen was spotless. Lily must have tidied it before she went to bed last night.