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TEACHER’S BOOK 
THE FILM INDUSTRY 
Today we brought together a group of young creative professionals from the film industry to find out what 
it’s like to live and work as a young professional in the UK. Let’s listen to what they say. 
“I’m a film and video editor.” 
“I work in television as a lighting camerawoman.” 
“I’m a freelance cameraman and editor.” 
So what’s it like working in a creative industry here in the UK? 
“It can be fantastic. You know everything has highs and lows I think. But the highs can be particularly 
high. I’ve worked on a variety of projects; I’ve worked for about three years as an editor so far, so… I’ve 
worked on ’Skyfall’, which features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond. That was an 
unforgettable and enriching experience.” 
“I do an awful lot of sport, which is, you know, shooting live cycling and things like that. I also shoot the 
odd commercial and I’ve done some documentary work for television.” 
“Breaking into the industry is very difficult. And certainly for the first two years that I was trying to break 
in I had to spend a lot of time working as a carpenter or doing whatever I could, painting and decorating, to 
get by, whilst you are pursuing contacts, really. But then as you get more and more established, you get more 
and more contacts and at the same time you get better and better. 
The work you do is much better. You know, it gets much easier.” 
And do you have to work long hours? 
“Fourteen, fifteen, sixteen hour days, it’s not unusual. There are limits set within the law, but of course 
everyone does... (You) usually do whatever’s required to get the material in the can.” 
What about the social side of things? Do you go out much? Do you have time to go out much? 
“In terms of meeting people it’s a very mixed bag. I often work on my own, so I’m effectively... 
I’m directing myself doing camera work and then I’ll go and edit, and I’ll direct myself editing and, you 
know, I’m completely on my own for days at a time working on a project. On other projects which are much 
more collaborative, you meet an awful lot of people, and obviously you’ve got a lot in common, and with 
some of them I’ve developed really very good relationships that, you know, I think, now you could call 
friendships. So yeah, socially it can be great.” 
“You have a great social life with the people that you work with, but organising social life outside of that, 
if you’re working seventy-two-hour weeks, can be pretty rough. The flip-side of the coin is that if you’re not 
working at all, you’ve got all the time in the world. But remember that people who work in other industries 
don’t really understand your stop-start lifestyle. So it can take extra effort to meet up with people.” 
 
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/uk-culture/creative-industries (abridged) 
 
 
 
ARE YOU A BRAND PERSON? 
Jim: Well, are you a brand name person? 
Sarah: No, not at all. That’s not my style. 
Todd: Yeah, so what determines your style? What influences you? 
Sarah: Well, what do I do when I go shopping? I usually have something in mind that I want to buy, so I 
think of either a certain colour or just a certain item of clothing and then I look around at all the different 
shops and compare the best prices and things like that, and then I’ll buy the one that’s the best deal and 
I’ll feel really good about it. 
Jim: So for your style, do you look around and say, “Oh, I like what that person’s wearing. I want to dress in 
this style”? Or do you just think you have your own style and you don’t care if it fits into a mold? 
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Sarah: I think it’s a mix. I think that sometimes I see something that someone’s wearing and I like it or want 
something similar and then of course that mixes in with things I already have, but i also like to make my 
own clothes, and remake clothes and things like that. So, sometimes i’ll remake something and realize 
that I need a sweater or something to go with it and then I’ll just buy it based on something else I already 
have. 
Jim: Oh, so you make your own clothes. 
Sarah: Yeah, but I don’t do it from scratch a lot. Sometimes I’ll go to a craft store and buy fabric and then 
cut it up and make a shirt from that fabric, but I often take a shirt or pants I already have and make it into 
something different. Like, I was recently living with a couple of roommates and one roommate was 
getting rid of all her old jeans, so I cut her jeans up and cut a sweater I had up and then I made it into a 
jacket. 
Jim: Oh, nice. 
Sarah: Yeah. 
Jim: And you still have it. 
Sarah: Yes, I do. I wear it all the time. 
Jim: Cool. Alright, well, thanks, Sarah. 
Sarah: You’re welcome. No problem. 
http://www.elllo.org/english/0951/T960-Clothes 
 
 
 
 
A BAD SERVICE 
The last letter of complaint I wrote was about three months ago. My company uses a taxi company quite 
regularly when people have to travel to the airport. On this occasion, I had booked a taxi about a week in 
advance to take two members of staff to the airport because they had to fly to France for an important 
meeting. However, when they came back from France, the two staff members told me that the taxi had never 
arrived. In the end, one of the two members picked up his colleague in his own car and drove to the airport 
himself. They almost missed the flight. So, i wrote a two-page letter to the taxi company, pointing out how 
much business my company gives them and telling them that we wanted some kind of compensation; 
otherwise, we’d take our business elsewhere. The next day, I received a full apology, along with a substantial 
amount credited to our taxi account to cover our next taxi journeys booked by my company. 
Margaret 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/studyguides/pdfs/professionalskills.pdf 
 
 
 
 
SHOPPING ONLINE 
 
Eric wanted to get an Internet connection in his flat during his 1 year stay in London on a university 
exchange – but was told by several providers that the minimum subscription time was 2 years. 
After consulting the national authority for electronic communications and finding out about his rights, 
Eric recontacted the providers and was able to get a subscription for 1 year only. 
Andrew from Poland bought some books from an online vendor – but his credit card was charged more than 
the final amount displayed at the point of sale on the vendor’s website. 
Because EU law obliges vendors to display correct and complete pricing information before a customer 
makes a purchase online, Andrew reported this matter to both the company and the Polish authorities. 
After intervention by the authorities, he was refunded the difference. 
Laura from Romania wanted to get an Internet connection at home, but wasn’t sure about the quality of 
services provided by the various packages on offer. 
Luckily – as required by law – all the service providers gave sufficient details on their websites. 
And Laura was able to get even more information from the Romanian national regulatory authorities for 
electronic communications. 
http :/ / e u ro p a . e u / y o u re u ro p e / c i ti z e n s / s h o p p i n g / b u y - s e l l -o n l i n e / r i g h t s - e - c o m m e r c e / i n d e x _ e n . h t m (abr i d g e d )
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AN ETHICAL SHOPPER 
Ruth Rothelson is an expert on ethical shopping from the Ethical Consumer Research Association, who 
amongst other things produce the magazine ’Ethical Consumer’. 
Ruth, just tell us what the Ethical Consumer Research Association is. 
OK, well, the Ethical Consumer Research Association exists to provide informationfor shoppers, letting 
them know what the companies are doing behind the brands that they see on the shelves. 
So what makes an ethical shopper? 
Very broadly speaking, people who are concerned about ethical issues want to know that the product 
they’re buying hasn’t been made at the expense of the people who are producing it, whether it’s in this 
country or abroad. They might also be concerned with other kinds of issue, like whether the company is 
involved in armaments. 
And is there any kind of rule of thumb? Is something that’s more expensive, for example, likely 
to be more ethical? 
Unfortunately it isn’t always the case that the more expensive something is, the more ethical it is. We can 
buy very cheap products and it’s very likely that when products are cheap, something has suffered in order to 
get it to us. Whether it’s the person making it or the animals or the environment. Quality however, is often a 
good indicator whether something, especially with clothes, has been made well. And unfortunately a lot of 
ethical products will cost more because they reflect the real cost of bringing that thing into the shops. So, 
something that has been made in a factory where the workers have been paid a proper wage will cost you 
more to buy, simply because the people making it are getting paid enough to live on. 
Do you have to be well off then to be an ethical shopper? 
It really depends. You don’t have to be rich to be an ethical shopper. One way of thinking about ethical 
shopping is thinking about buying less. Sometimes we buy an awful lot more than we need. We buy more 
items of clothing than we need. So being an ethical shopper really means thinking a bit before you go and 
spend your money in the shops. Some things may cost a little bit more in the short-run, but be worth it in the 
long-run. If you are paying for quality, something will last you longer and then save you money. And 
sometimes you can buy things second-hand. There’s a lot of charity shops on the high street to buy good 
clothes. Sometimes you can look a lot better than someone who’s just bought off the high street because you 
can have quite a unique look, and the quality that you find in most second-hand shops is really very good 
these days. So it’s about thinking before you shop. 
 
Thanks Ruth. 
http :/ / w w w . e t h i c a l c o n s u m e r. o r g / p r i n t m a g a z i n e . a s p x (abr i d g e d ) 
SEEMINGLY IMPOSSIBLE – PART 2 
Maria had deep gashes to her chest and a terrible wound on her right thigh. But through the agony and 
confusion she saw something that gladdened her heart. 
Maria says: “About 15 metres away I could see a little head, and I thought ’My goodness, I think it’s 
Lucas’ and after that I heard him screaming for me so I went to get him. In that moment it felt like the most 
blessed vision I have ever had. You forget about yourself completely. You just think about saving them. I 
swam across the current and grabbed him. We held on to a tree trunk.” 
Traumatised and fearing another huge wave, Maria and Lucas were found in the tree by a Thai man who 
ensured they got to hospital. But Maria was convinced the rest of the family could not have been so lucky. 
She says: “Not for one second did I believe Quique and my other boys would be alive.” 
After the tsunami struck, Quique had lost the youngest sons who had been in his arms until the extreme 
force of the wave sent him crashing into a column on the ground floor of the hotel. 
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He got washed away but grabbed a tree and clung on for half an hour. The dad wept, sure the others were 
drowned. Then, many agonising minutes later, he heard Tomas’ voice shouting: “Papa! 
Mama! Lucas! Simon!” 
The pair were reunited and perched on the branch of another tree for half an hour. Then, amazingly, they 
heard little Simon yelling for help above the roar of rushing water. 
Still convinced his wife and Lucas were dead, Quique nevertheless teamed up with another grieving 
husband and decided to search. He had to make the heartbreaking decision to leave Simon and Tomas in the 
care of strangers on the roof of the hotel. After hours traipsing through hospitals full of the wounded, the 
dying and the bereaved, Quique could hardly believe his eyes when he found his wife and Lucas. 
 Maria was not out of the woods – even after leaving Thailand she spent fourteen months in hospitals in 
Singapore and their homeland Spain – but the family’s astonishing survival was a rare example of good luck. 
 
 
 
GM FOODS 
Frank: So why are you so against genetically modified food, then? I think you’ve been taken in by all the 
bad press. 
Ann: No, that’s not true. I’ve read up on the subject and I think there are just too many risks. 
Frank: The GM foods that you get are probably safer than non-GM foods. 
Ann: Don’t be daft. Where’ve you got that from? 
Frank: Well, there are tighter controls for GM food. There are controls in each country and then at a 
European level as well. If they pass through all of those controls before they reach the shops, they must be 
OK. 
Ann: I just don’t like the idea of having my food altered. What’s wrong with the food we’ve always had? 
Frank: We have to move with the times. The possibilities for GM food are endless. 
Ann: What – redder tomatoes or bigger strawberries? 
Frank: Yes, for one thing – but what about rice and vegetables with a higher vitamin content or bananas with 
vaccines built into them? 
Ann: Mm, not sure what I think of that. We haven’t done enough research and playing around with crops is 
playing havoc with the wildlife. There are whole species of birds that are in danger of becoming extinct. 
Larks, for example; they are rapidly decreasing in numbers and it’s because of the chemicals they are 
using on GM foods. 
Frank: They haven’t proved that. 
Ann: Not yet, no. But it’s only a matter of time. And another thing that worries me is the power that a few 
food companies will have if we start to rely on GM food. They’ll dominate the poor countries even more 
than they do today. 
Frank: They’ll feed them. 
Ann: At a price, yes. Maybe. 
Frank: I think you’re being cynical. You’re not giving GM food a chance. 
Ann: Not cynical, just cautious. 
Frank: OK, consider this. Global warming is threatening to destroy the habitat of polar bears. 
Ann: What’s this got to do with genetically modified food? 
Frank: Everything. We could use GM food to change the polar bears’ habitat now. That way we can prevent 
them from becoming extinct. 
Ann: OK, - I’m not sure how it would work, but I quite like that idea. 
Frank: Good. You’re starting to come round to my way of thinking. 
Ann: No, I’m just trying to understand. I don’t like being a guinea pig and we are all being guinea pigs for 
the experiments hey’re doing on GM foods. I guess I don’t like the way things seem to just be happening 
without much of a debate. 
Frank: What do you mean? We’re talking about it all the time. 
Ann: Talking maybe, but nobody’s listening. 
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/professionals-podcasts/biotechnology 
 
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GOING VEG 
 
VEGETARIAN CELEBRITIES 
The sexy singer who just won ’Favorite Male Artist’ at the People’s Choice Awards is serious about healthy 
food (He lives on an avocado farm!) And he’s not shy about sharing how his plantbased diet has changed his 
life on his blog. ’I ride longer distances on my bike, can do more pull-ups than ever, and my brain seems to 
have a larger capacity for new projects, problem solving, and songwriting.’ 
Jason Mraz 
 
The oh-so-studly actor who stars in The Great Gatsby became a vegetarian in 1992 and a vegan in 2009. In a 
2008 interview with Parade magazine, Tobey Maguirerevealed giving up meat was an easy adjustment, 
saying ’It’s never really been that hard for me. I’ve never had any desire to eat meat. In fact, when I was a kid 
I would have a really difficult time eating meat at all.’ 
Tobey Maguire 
 
In an interview with PETA, the Maroon 5 bassist revealed, ’I have a general affection for animals and a 
respect for all living things. And having those sparks of interest led me to do some research, and when you 
dig a little below the surface, what you find is really disturbing . It kind of makes veganism seem like the only 
option. I can’t even conceive of going back to eating animal products at all.’ 
Mickey Madden 
 
A vegan diet is just part of life now for Ben Affleck’s younger brother, who has been vegan for more than 15 
years. His reasons for going meat- and dairy-free are straight forward: ’When people ask me why I don’t eat 
meat or any other animal products, I say because they are unhealthy and they are the product of a violent and 
inhumane industry,’ he said in an interview with PETA. 
Casey Affleck 
 
’I have always been an animal lover. I had a hard time disassociating the animals I cuddled with – dogs and 
cats, for example - from the animals on my plate, and I never really cared for the taste of meat. I always 
loved my Brussels sprouts.’ Says Kristen, who, after being vegetarian for many years, eventually went vegan. 
Kristen Bell 
 
The actress’s eating regimen for Catwoman in The Dark Knight Rises inspired her to give up animal products 
for good. ’I didn’t understand how you could be thin and strong. I went into the gym for 10 months and 
didn’t come out. With the help of her personal nutrition couch, Hathawy eventually abandoned her vegetarian 
diet in favour of a vegan one. 
Ann e Hath a w a y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAP YEAR 
Taking a gap year between school and uni is quite common in the UK and there are lots of ways to spend 
your time. 
 
What is a gap year? 
A gap year or year out is a period of time, usually an academic year, when a student takes a break from 
ormal education; it’s a unique and challenging experience which enables the future students to develop skills 
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which could prove useful at university or afterwards on a CV or when they apply for a job. People used to 
think that taking a gap year was negative. But now, universities positively encourage a gap year, and 
employers want to see evidence of enterprise, maturity and commitment. Therefore, gap years are more 
beneficial and accessible than ever, but they don’t plan themselves. 
 
 
Actually, a gap year is becoming a more and more popular option. Some of you may need a year out 
simply to earn some cash to help you through higher education. They come in all shapes and sizes. 
It’s never too early to start planning one – a good year takes organisation, particularly if you want to go 
abroad and need to raise some funding. There are websites and books to take you through all the alternatives 
and enable you to contact various organisations. 
 
The main alternatives 
 Paid employment – with the option of work in your country or jobs overseas. You also have the option of 
going for as high a wage as possible in a boring job to boost your savings or a paid work experience 
placement. 
There are some good employers who pay gap year students a decent wage and teach them useful skills. 
 
Voluntary work 
Again, this can be in your country or abroad. Lots of organisations need young, keen volunteers to work 
on all kinds of community, environmental, social or care work projects. If you want to go abroad, it is a good 
idea to go through a reputable organisation that will arrange your accommodation and medical insurance and 
look after you in any difficulty. You will be expected to raise a sum of money towards the cost. 
 
Travel 
This can be anything from the full backpacking year to brief trips. Some people spend a whole year 
travelling, but it is becoming increasingly common for people to do it in their twenties. Most students who 
are planning a gap year take a part-time job to save up for the trip. Popular jobs include bar work and being a 
tourist guide. 
A good gap year can be a combination of all three. It’s quite feasible to earn then travel, then earn again. 
www.gap-year.com/ (adapte 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
“STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH” 
Connecting the dots (3 parts) 
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. 
I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. 
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories. 
 
The first story is about connecting the dots. 
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop -in for another 18 
months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? 
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she 
decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so 
everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out 
they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a 
call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of 
course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my 
father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented 
a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. 
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And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as 
Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six 
months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college 
was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their 
entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but 
looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the 
required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. 
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were 
designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was 
the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single Calligraphy course in 
college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since 
Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. Of course it was 
impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking 
backwards ten years later. 
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So 
you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your 
gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in 
my life. 
 
My second story is about love and loss. 
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when 
I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garageinto a $2 
billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation – the Macintosh – a year 
earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? 
Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for 
the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we 
had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly 
out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. 
During the next five years, I started a company called NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in 
love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer 
animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a 
remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at 
NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and i have a wonderful family together. 
I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting 
medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. 
I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you 
love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your 
life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do 
great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters 
of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the 
years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle. 
 
My third story is about death. 
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, 
someday you’ll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I 
have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I 
want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a 
row, I know I need to change something. 
Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the 
big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment 
or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is trulyimportant. Remembering 
that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You 
are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the mornin g, and it clearly showed 
a tumor on my pancreas. It turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. 
I had the surgery and I’m fine now. 
 
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This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. 
Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but 
purely intellectual concept: 
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. A nd yet death 
is the destination we all share. Because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s 
change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too 
long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is 
quite true. 
And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know 
what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. 
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of 
the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, 
and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. 
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its 
course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final 
issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if 
you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell 
message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, 
as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Thank you all very much. 
 
 
INTERVIEW FOR A JOB 
Paul Murphy is being interviewed by Mrs Smith. Listen to part of the interview. 
Smith: Good morning, Mr Murphy. Please sit down. 
Murphy: Thank you. 
Smith: My name is Hilary Smith and I am the Human Resources Manager. Did you have any difficulties in 
finding our company? 
Murphy: No, none. There were no problems at all as I have already visited your company before. 
But still I had a look at the correct address and the map to know how to get here. 
Smith: Now, I see from your email cover letter that your full name is Paul Frank Murphy: Where are you f
 from? 
Murphy: I’m from Scotland. 
Smith: Where do you live? 
Murphy: I’m living here in London, at 1 Churchill Place. I’m staying with a friend of mine. 
Smith: I can see that you’re single. When were you born? 
Murphy: I was born on 3rd December 1992. 
Smith: What are your qualifications for doing this job? 
Murphy: I’ve graduated from the University of Manchester with a Master’s degree in Systems Engineering. 
Besides that, I can speak German fluently as my father is of German descent. 
Smith: Oh, good. I’m glad to hear that you speak some German, as we have a lot of German clients. 
What experience do you have in this area? 
Murphy: Not much… after leaving school I’ve just worked as a telephonist. But during the summers i 
worked as a computer technician for a small company to help pay for my education. 
Smith: Why do you want to work for our company? 
Murphy: Because I think I will find the work environment both challenging and rewarding. 
Smith: What are your strengths/weaknesses? 
Murphy: I have excellent time management, but I can be impatient for results. 
Smith: How would your friends describe you? 
Murphy: People say I’m sociable, organized, decisive and I have good verbal and written communication 
skills. 
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Smith: What is your greatest achievement? 
Murphy: Leading the University football team to the national Championships. 
Smith: How well do you work in a team? 
Murphy: I always support my colleagues and believe we should work towards a common goal. 
Smith: Where will you be in 5 years? 
Murphy: My aim is to have a position in the Management Team. 
Smith: When can you begin? 
Murphy: Immediately. 
Smith: Do you have any questions about the job? 
Murphy: Oh yes, one thing. I’d like to know about working hours. 
Smith: Normal working hours but you would be expected to put in extra hours to finish urgent jobs. 
Well, thank you for your time. We’ll let you know our decision as soon as possible. 
 
OFFICIAL MULTICULTURALISM 
Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multiethnic society, 
officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differenceswithin a country’s borders. 
As a policy, multiculturalism emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures, especially as 
they relate to one another in receiving nations. The word was first used in 1957 to describe Switzerland, but 
came into common currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking 
countries. 
In opposition to monoculturalism, the term is often used to describe societies (especially nations) which 
have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. It is a view, or policy that immigrants, 
and others, should preserve their cultures with the different cultures interacting peacefully within one nation. 
Today, this is the official policy of Canada, Australia and the UK. 
In the United States multiculturalism is not an official policy at the federal level. At the state level, it is 
sometimes associated with English-Spanish bilingualism. However, the government, in recent years, moved 
to support many multiculturalist policies. For instance, California drivers can take their exams in a number of 
languages and voting districts are shaped to facilitate proportional minority representation in government. 
Multiculturalism has been described as preserving a “cultural mosaic” of separate ethnic groups, and is 
contrasted to a “melting pot” that blends them. Multiculturalism has also been called the “salad bowl” model. 
Around the world, important government multicultural policies can include dual citizenship and programs 
to encourage minority representation in politics, education, and the work force a long with other identity 
politics, multiculturalism has, partly, been successful because it is a useful tool for politicians to win the 
votes of minority groups. 
 
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/multi_culture2.html#Official_multiculturalism 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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IMMIGRATION 
Foreigners coming to live in my country are not a problem to me. I think they can open my country to 
new cultures, and i suppose they have decided to emigrate in order to escape unbearable living conditions. 
Most of them want to find work and have a better life, which is a highly respectable reason, but a minority 
cause trouble. In my opinion, the big problem is there is not enough space and not enough money to welcome 
all of them. 
Cyrielle Volont 
 
Foreign citizens are sometimes discriminated against either because of their religion or their customs and 
their culture. I am against expelling foreigners because my grandfather emigrated from Italy to Belgium. If he 
hadn’t come to settle in Belgium i don’t think i would have the good life i have got now. 
Brice Buttign 
 
I think that the foreigners who come to live in Western Europe are misinformed and think that in Europe 
everybody is well-off, and that you can make loads of money in no time. Unfortunately, reality is rather 
different. Television, which shows a nearly perfect world, is partly responsible for the misunderstanding. 
I do think that living with people from other countries opens your mind. Cultures are made to be mixed 
up and shared! 
Simon Hemptinne 
 
What do I think of ’foreigners’ coming to live in my country? My country? Which country are we 
referring to? Wallonia? Belgium? Europe? We live in a world which looks like a village. Is the word 
’foreigner’ still relevant? Who are foreigners? Martians? In my opinion, experiencing different cultures can 
not only improve our society but also increase our freedom! 
Mayuri Sadoine 
 
 
Foreigners are a positive influence. They bring us their culture, language and customs. However, 
they have to integrate well into our society, to live legally here and not impose their views upon us. 
Marlane Denil 
 
 
I have mixed feelings. My country is very small and there are about 500,000 jobless people out of ten 
million inhabitants so I don’t want thousands of foreigners to come and take our jobs. In addition, housing 
would be a huge problem. But I find it vey important to meet other cultures, encounter other languages. 
Aline Vankerberghen 
In Current 
 
 
 
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TEACHER’S WORKBOOK 
 
A. INTERVIEW 
 
Read this interview with Eric Schlosser, author of the book Fast Food Nation, and match the 
questions below with the answers. Then listen to check your work. 
 
1. Why did you choose to write about fast food? 
It seems that we all eat fast food. After reading the book, people can decide if they want to continue eating 
fast food or not. I used to eat hamburgers before I wrote the book, but now I don’t, but I still love French 
fries. 
 
2. Why do you think fast food is so popular? 
It’s easy, it’s filling, and it’s convenient and inexpensive. Compared to other foods it’s something that 
working people and ordinary people can go out and enjoy. Also, most fast foods can be eaten while steering 
the wheel of a car and the restaurants are usually drive through. 
 
3. What would surprise people the most about fast food? 
The food looks like food that you would make in your kitchen, but it actually has become a manufactured 
commodity. Today French fries are made in large factories, frozen and processed. Some of the ingredients 
(oils and fats) are very fatty. 
 
4. What kind of marketing strategy does the fast-food industry use? 
Fast food chains spend a large amount of marketing to get the attention of children. 
People form their eating habits as children, so they try to nurture clients as youngsters. 
 
5. How much of fast food is flavoured? 
Just about all the food in a fast-food industry is processed; consequently, much of the flavour is destroyed. 
So, flavor has to be added. For example, Chicken McNuggets contain different additives including beef 
extract. 
 
6. What kind of effect does fast food have on the public health? 
About 300,000 people die each year from being obese or overweight; this is second only to smoking. Fast 
food isn’t the only reason people are gaining weight, but it contributes to it. 
www.cbsnews.com/news/americans-are-obsessed-with-fast-food-the-dark-side-of-the-all-american-meal/ (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PARTE 1 
 
ARE FAST-FOOD ADVERTISERS PLAYING YOU? 
How teens can outsmart fast-food advertising to avoid obesity. 
Did you ever think that watching your favourite TV show could be hazardous to your health? 
It can be, when you consider what you’re seeing during commercial breaks. A study of almost 100,000 
food ads on TV showed that 89% of ads that teenagers see are promoting products high in fat, sugar, and/or 
sodium. 
 
 
LISTENING TEST 1 – SCRIPT (P. 11) 
 
LISTENING TEST 1 – SCRIPT (P. 18) 
 
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 With the average teen in the U.S. seeing 15 food ads a day, commercials’ influence on you can add up, 
especially when you consider that these ads can affect how you eat without you knowing it. And that’s where 
the danger lies. A study by researchers at Yale University found that kids eating a snack while watching TV 
ate 45% more during and after food ads. 
So how do you spot unhealthy food advertisements and shield yourself against them? 
Don’t get duped by fast-food ads 
When you do see a fast-food commercial, think about the way advertisers are showing their products to 
you. Are they telling the whole story? 
Just because fast-food marketers try to get you to buy fatty, sugary foods doesn’t mean you have to let them 
get inside your head. 
 
Supersized = Super-bad 
Ads push supersized meals, promising better value for bigger portions. These commercials remind you 
that you can get an inordinate amount of unhealthy food for a very low price. That can make them hard to 
resist when you’re hungry and strapped for cash. But the ads don’ttell you that jumbo portions are not good 
for your health; they just add more calories, sugar, and unhealthy fats. The portion sizes that ads suggest are 
just completely out of control. 
Over the years, portion sizes – or the amount of food being eaten in one s itting – has grown by a lot. If 
you were served a cheeseburger 20 years ago, it likely would have weighed in at 333 calories. Order a 
cheeseburger today and you’re likely to get something nearly double the size – 590 calories! That’s too much 
to eat at once, especially when paired with fries and a soda, to be considered healthy. Over time, mega-meals 
can add up on your waistline and take a toll on your health. To burn off the difference in calories between the 
old portion and today’s jumbo sandwich, a 130-pound person would need to lift weights for an hour and a 
half. 
 
PARTE 2 
Celebrity endorsements 
Another advertising tactic: using celebs to try to persuade you to buy products. Don’t fall for it. 
“There might be a famous snowboarder who’s advertising a sports drink, so subconsciously you think, ’If 
I drink this, I’ll do exciting things like snowboard too.’” But being on the couch chugging a high-calorie, 
high-sugar drink is not the same as shredding down a mountain. Instead, get out and practise skateboarding 
or another activity you love. 
TV fast-food ads: how teens can fight back 
Combat fast-food commercial messages by packing your own lunch and eating at home more often, 
Natterson says. And when you do choose fast food, do it wisely. 
“We know teens are going to eat fast food. It’s unrealistic to tell you to stop eating it,” she says. 
“It’s more realistic to understand that you will eat it – and that’s OK – but help you to make good choices at 
the counter or drive-thru lane.” 
http://fit.webmd.com/teen/food/article/fast-food-advertising (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NL: How long have you been a vegetarian? 
Emily: I am 16 years old now. I have been a vegetarian for about four years. 
NL: Why did you decide to become a vegetarian? 
Emily: I wasn’t feeling very healthy, I had low energy. I had done some reading and come to the conclusion 
that a vegetarian diet was healthier all around. I had also read Frances Moore Lappé’s book, Diet for a 
Small Planet, and shared her concerns about our environment and the effect the North American diet has 
on issues like agriculture and world hunger. 
NL: How did you make the change? 
Emily: I believe I already had a reasonably good diet. We ate some meat, but not a lot. I immediately cut out 
red meat, chicken and pork. 
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NL: How long did you continue like this? 
Emily: I only did this for a couple of weeks. My mother advised me that I should be eating protein, since I 
was growing and she felt I was not getting enough with this diet. I then started eating fish. Shortly after 
that I started experimenting with tofu. 
NL: Once you had gone vegetarian, did you miss meat? 
Emily: I never felt deprived. The first few weeks, I was hungry at times because I was just eliminating the 
meat and not substituting anything else. But once I started experimenting with alternatives, i enjoyed the 
changes I was making to my diet. 
NL: Were your parents supportive of you becoming a vegetarian? 
Emily: My mother was willing to support my vegetarianism as long as she felt I was getting the appropriate 
nutrients. My father and brothers made fun of me and I’m sure they thought i wouldn’t stick with being a 
vegetarian for very long. 
NL: How did your diet evolve over the next couple of years? 
Emily: I started to take out books from the library, learning more about vegetarianism and vegetarian 
cooking. I expanded my diet to include beans, grains, brown rice and vegetables that i had never even 
heard of, let alone tried. I am an ovo-lacto vegetarian. I may become a vegan in the future, but this is not 
something I feel that strongly about. 
NL: Do you feel you have influenced the rest of your family? 
Emily: The rest of the family still eats meat but they have cut down on the amount. They eat more vegetables 
now. My younger sisters like to sample my food. 
NL: Are there any difficulties with being a vegetarian? 
Emily: Eating at relatives’ or friends’ houses can be awkward if they are not aware of my diet. And there is a 
definite shortage of vegetarian selections in restaurants, although this has improved. 
http://www.naturallifemagazine.com/9610/vege.htm (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INTERVIEW WITH A WATER RESOURCES EXPERT 
 
Jackie: Hello, I’m Jackie Dalton, welcome to the programme. The focus of today’s topic is water. The 
United Nations Environment Programme has said that water is probably the most serious environmental 
problem we face apart from climate change. The Earth has all the water it needs to supply the seven 
billion people who live on it with clean, safe drinking water. But millions of people are going to die 
because of water shortage. This is because water resources are mismanaged, not looked after or not used 
properly. Now we’re going to hear from Peter Gleick, a water resources expert. Does he think countries 
are getting better at sharing water resources or not? 
Peter: The future we’re heading for is a world in which billions of people do not have access to basic clean 
drinking water supplies. We’re going to see increasing competition among nations for shared water 
resources. The Nile is shared by ten nations, the Tigris and the Euphrates are shared by Turkey and Iraq 
and Syria – three nations who have never been friendly in different combinations at different times. And 
we have not adequately figured how to cooperate over these shared resources. 
Jackie: So the answer is no. Peter doesn’t think countries are getting better at sharing water resources. 
Nations will be competing against each other, instead of working together. How important is water in our 
lives? 
Peter:Water is fundamentally tied to everything. Water is tied to the way we produce food. It’s tied to our 
natural ecosystems. It’s a fundamental component of our climate system. Water has political, economic, 
environmental and social implications. It’s not an exaggeration to say that water touches everything in 
human existence and we’re not very good at thinking about our water resources and protecting our water 
resources, and managing them wisely. 
Jackie: What do you think needs to be done? 
Peter: We need a new way of thinking about water. We can no longer afford to take the water we need 
without thinking about ecosystems. We can no longer afford to waste water when it’s possible to use it 
efficiently for the things that we need. We can no longer afford to fight over shared water resources. We 
have to think about ways of co-operating over those water resources. 
Jackie: So, we can no longer afford to waste water when it’s possible to use it efficiently for the things that 
we need. It’s time to cooperate, not fight. And that’s all for today. 
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JOB INTERVIEW 
Ms Wilson: I see on your résumé that you worked as a manager at Computer Planet. Could you tell me a 
little more about your responsibilities there? 
Laura White: Sure. I was responsible for overseeing about 30 employees, I did all of the ordering for the 
store, and I kept track of the inventory. 
Ms Wilson: What was the most difficult part of your job? 
Laura White: Probably handling angry customers. We didn’t have them very often, but when we did, I 
needed to make sure they were well taken care of. After all, the customer is always right. 
Ms Wilson: That’s how we feel here, too. How long did you work there? 
Laura White: I was there for about 3 years. I left the company last month. 
Ms Wilson: And why did you leave? 
Laura White:My husband has been transferred to Chicago and I understand your company has an opening 
there, too. 
Ms Wilson: Yes, that’s right, we do. But the position won’t start until the middle of next month. 
Would that be a problem for you? 
Laura White: No, not at all. My husband’s new job doesn’t begin for a few weeks, so we thought we would 
spend some time driving to Chicago and stop to see my parents on the way. 
Ms Wilson: That sounds nice. So tell me, why are you interested in this particular position? 
Laura White: I know that your company has a great reputation and a wonderful product. I have thought 
many times that I would like to be a part of it. When I heard about the opening in Chicago, I jumped at 
the opportunity. 
Ms Wilson: Well, I’m glad you did. Now, please tell me about… 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AN IMMIGRATION STORY 
I’m 35 years old and I am undocumented. I was born in Peru and at the age of 5 i and my one-year-old 
brother arrived with my mother in Mexico by plane from Peru, but crossed the border of Mexico to get to 
America on foot to meet my father, who was already in America. He was able to come first by plane to 
America because he was the only one granted a visa from Peru, but my 
brother and mother and I were not. I have been living in America for over 30 years and undocumented. I am 
educated here and America is all I know. With me being undocumented, i am unable to find work and if I do, 
it’s only for the day or its seasonal and for low pay, which makes it impossible to sustain myself, and everyday 
I’m just trying to survive by trying to find work wherever 
I can. The only one that is living a successful and productive life is my 24- year-old brother, who was born 
here and who took advantage of the American dream – as it is his right to do. So, as an American, he went to 
college and during that process got cancer, took a year off, beat cancer and bounced right back and finished 
college; he’s now in Japan to further his career and get an 
advanced degree. So my baby brother is living the life that we should have, had but we are all proud of him as 
he has endured a lot himself in his own life and has channelled our family’s suffering into a modern lifestyle. 
 
Jair Carlstadt, New Jersey 
http://www.myimmigrationstory.com/ (adapted) 
 
 
 
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WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? 
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, 
national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our 
human rights without discrimination. 
Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary 
international law, general principles and other sources of international law. 
 
Universal and inalienable 
The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. 
This principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, has been 
reiterated in numerous international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. 
Human rights are inalienable. They should not be taken away, except in specific situations and according to 
due process. For example, the right to liberty may be restricted if a person is found guilty of a crime by a court 
of law. 
 
Interdependent and indivisible 
All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to life, equality 
before the law and freedom of expression; economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work, 
social security and education, or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination. 
The improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others. Likewise, the deprivation of one right 
adversely affects the others. 
 
Equal and non-discriminatory 
Non-discrimination is a cross-cutting principle in international human rights law. The principle is present in 
all the major human rights treaties and provides the central theme of some of international human rights 
conventions such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 
and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. 
The principle applies to everyone in relation to all human rights and freedoms and it prohibits 
discrimination on the basis of a list of non-exhaustive categories such as sex, race, colour and so on. The 
principle of non-discrimination is complemented by the principle of equality, as stated in Article 1 of the 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” 
 
http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx (abridged) 
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Activity A 
TEENS SPEND BIG, BUT DON’T ALWAYS SPEND SMART 
It’s not news to anyone who has visited a fast food restaurant in the past decade that many teens are working; 
62 percent say they get most of their money from part-time employment, summer jobs, or neighbourhood jobs 
such as babysitting or raking leaves. Over half say they work mainly for spending money. Another 35 percent 
mainly save the money they make. 
Saving money is important to American teens; about nine out of ten save money, though 36 percent admit 
that they’re saving for specific items they want to purchase. Almost one quarter are saving for college and 27 
percent save for no particular reason. Four out of ten say they save half or more of their money, and three out 
of four have a savings account. Only about one in five teens report having a checking account, and small 
percentages say they have ATM and debit cards. 
Though thought to be more Internet savvy than their parents, teens have some disturbing misconceptions 
about shopping online. Sixty-eight percent mistakenly believe it’s safer to pay for goods bought online with a 
check or money order than by giving a credit card number and 55 percent wrongly think that businesses must 
go through a screening process to make sure they are legitimate before they can put up a Web site. When asked 
the same two questions in 2001, adults knew a bit more than the teens, with 41 percent correctly answering the 
safest way to pay question, and 73 percent knowing that companies are not screened before they put up a site. 
Teen respondents also showed a lack of understanding of important financial privacy issues. A majority 
wrongly believe that it’s illegal for banks to share a person’s financial information with other affiliated 
companies. 
The National Consumers League has launched a new consumer education campaign with an unrestricted 
educational grant provided by Bank of America. The goal is to help change misconceptions and provide teens 
with a financial education foundation they can carry with them as they make important financial decisions later 
in life. 
http://www.nclnet.org/personal-finance/66-teens-and-money/119-teens-spend-big-but-dont-always-spend-smart (abridged) 
 
 
 
Activity B 
YOUNG AND THRIFTY: 
GROCERY SHOPPING HABITS OF A POPULAR BLOGGER 
Youngandthrifty is a 20-something personal finance blogger from British Columbia hailing from the same 
province who has been around the blogosphere for around a year now. She talks about how to save money and 
invest money. 
 
How many people do you shop for in your household? 
Just me (for now). Later on I will be co-shopping with my boyfriend. 
 
Do you have a regular budget for groceries? 
No, I don’t, but I try and keep it to the essentials – I try to avoid junk food and other temptations in the grocery 
store. 
 
Do you shop name brand items or no-name storebrands? 
I usually shop no-name store brands, especially if the price or taste difference is substantial. If i have a coupon 
for the brand name brands, then I shop for those. 
 
Do you use coupons on a regular basis? 
I clip coupons I like in the paper or flyers, or I print them out online, but then I forget to use them and leave 
them lying around my home. I should make a habit of clipping coupons and putting them in my wallet. 
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Do you shop with a grocery list? 
I do try to shop with a grocery list, otherwise I get sidetracked and distracted easily. My attention span and 
short term memory capacity is about the size of a walnut, so if I don’t write it down, I forget to buy it. i find 
that shopping with a list helps a lot to refocus and saves me much more time in the end. I like to get in and get 
out. 
 
Do you shop at farmers markets on a regular basis? 
I should try and take advantage of farmers markets because we have so many here in Vancouver, but I haven’t 
been. I’m more of a after work grocery shopper and farmers markets are usually open on the weekends. I’m not 
a big fan of shopping on the weekends. Also, I find that some of the prices for goods at farmers markets CAN 
be higher, but sometimes you can get a good deal on fresh salmon. 
 
Do you shop using grocery flyers (planning in advance with sales)? 
I do shop with grocery flyers and try to buy everything on sale if I can (especially the non-perishable stuff). I 
don’t understand people who have “please, no flyers” signs on their doors because I love flyers and I love 
circling flyers for things I need to buy. I understand that refusing flyers is better for the environment, but my 
mentality is that they’re printed already, might as well read them and utilize them, I suppose. 
 
Any tip to reduce your grocery bill? 
Clip coupons and print out coupons online and keep them with you (you never know when you might do some 
impromptu grocery shopping). Try and use these coupons when you see the item on sale in a flyer – you can 
then “double dip” – cheaper price from coupon on top of cheaper price from store sale. 
Don’t be afraid (or embarrassed) to buy the grocery items that are “clearance” – you might find some fruits and 
vegetables that aren’t too spoiled (besides, you could always cut out the bad parts) and are at least 70% off 
what you would normally pay. 
 
Any grocery shopping advice (at the store, checkout, planning)? 
Stay away from the centre aisles of the store (because that’s where all the processed junky foods are) and stick 
to fresh foods. Get your points card, method of payment, and reusable shopping bag ready to save time at 
check out. Make a list ahead of time and check it twice, try not to get side tracked and buy things you don’t 
need. 
 
What is in your fridge at the moment? 
I’ve got box of organic romaine lettuce, a big block of cheese, a big bag of grape tomatoes, my big sized tub of 
hummus, some organic sauce, yogurt, my lunch for tomorrow, and some raw food for my dog… among other 
things. 
 
http://www.groceryalerts.ca/interview-with-young-and-thrifty-grocery-shopping-habits-of-popular-finance-bloggers/ 
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Activity A 
JUST FOR YOU: NEXT LEVEL MARKETING 
What if marketing wasn’t about convincing everyone to buy something, but instead won consumers over 
by making someone’s day better? We wrote about personalized marketing as a way to create exclusive, and 
sharable, experiences for consumers earlier this year, and the trend is continuing strong; providing a strong 
counterpoint to traditional brand messaging. A great post by Robin Lewis of The Robin Report recently 
covered the impending death of mega-brands, and mega-messaging. Lewis said: 
“This scenario suggests a future marketplace with an infinite number of finite brands and retailers micro-
marketing to an infinite number of finite consumer niches that are more like small, social communities than 
cohorts. And brands and retailers will need permission and invitations into these communities vs. talking ’to’ 
or ’at’ them. So, my message to mega brands and retailers is this: Change your game from an infinitely 
growing mass brand, to a strategy of infinite growth into finite niches – think ’universes of one.’” 
That advice echoes our own predictions that marketing will have to become more customized to capture 
Millennial consumers’ attention. Brands that are shifting from broadcasting a massmessage to reaching out to 
small groups, and sometimes a single consumer, with a tailored experience are rising above the marketing 
melee in more ways than one, if they do it right. Hint: ‘right’ means that if it is done with sincerity, this 
“audience of one” marketing can transform a brand experience from transactional relationship. 
http :/ / w w w . y p u l s e . c o m / p o s t/ v i e w / j u s t - fo r -y o u - n e x t - l e v e l -p e r s o n a l i z e d -m a r k e t i n g (ab r i d g e d ) 
 
 
 
 
Activity B 
TEENS TIE BRAND CHOICES TO THEIR PERSONAL IDENTITY 
By the time children reach their teens, a developmental stage when they’re naturally insecure and searching 
for a personal identity, they’ve been taught that material possessions are what matter. Advertisers understand 
the teen’s desire to be “cool,” and manipulate it to sell their wares, a concept that’s been offered to marketers 
by psychologists. Teens want to identify with their peer group and in a certain sense, that is vulnerability. 
Indeed, teens and tweens, children between the ages of 12 and 14, are attracted to the prestige they believe 
brand-name clothing provides them with. The attraction to prestige brands develops in adolescent years 
because it’s a time when peer pressure and fitting in are very important, she notes. 
The problem is that marketers manipulate that attraction, encouraging teens to use materialistic values to 
define who they are and aren’t. In doing that, marketers distort the organic process of developing an identity by 
hooking self-value to brands. More naturally, you might develop your identity around, for example, doing good 
in the world or building a career out of an interest. 
Identity-oriented branding also encourages disapproval of anything different, be it a different generation, 
different cultural group or different school clique. The way advertising separates kids from their parents is 
particularly insidious. Essentially, advertisers encourage rejection of the older generation’s preferences to the 
point of trying to create an official statement about what is cool for teenagers. 
Teenage girls spend over $9 billion on makeup and skin products alone, an example of advertisers 
successfully selling the “quick fix”. But that kind of purchase robs them of selfdetermination, self-awareness 
and self-esteem. 
Encouraged to look outside of themselves for comfort, values and direction, girls become easy prey to 
addictive behaviours and unrealistic images that ads promote. The diet, tobacco and alcohol industries target 
girls, capitalizing on the body image, weight concerns and notions of sophistication beauty ideals that make 
them most vulnerable. 
 
LISTENING TEST 2 – SCRIPT (p. 112) 
 
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Parents and others who care about children need to take baby steps in several arenas to turn the materialistic 
tide: At home, find ways for children to spend time away from advertising and talk to them about why and how 
ads are produced. In communities, share concerns with parents andcommunity leaders who can work together 
to change teen views of marketing. In schools, work to stop the influx ofadvertising messages in school 
buildings. In the marketplace, join advocacy groups, such as the Coalition to Stop Commercial Exploitation of 
Children, that lobby politicians and companies to be responsible marketers. Also, support foundations that fund 
research on marketing effects on children. 
http://www.apa.org/monitor/jun04/driving.aspx (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity A 
ETHICAL SHOPPING MORE POPULAR THAN EVER 
Aquarter of UK consumers said they would buy Fairtrade products, organic foods and green cleaning 
products even if it cost them more money. 
British shoppers are three times more likely to choose environmentally friendly products than they were in 
2011, despite the squeeze on their incomes. 
A quarter of UK consumers said they would take the green option even if it cost them more money. The 
UK trend reflects a global surge in interest in environmentally friendly products with the proportion of 
consumers prepared to pay more to protect the natural world more than doubling to 46% last autumn from 22% 
in spring 2011. 
That change partly reflects rising concerns about the provenance of food and other products in the wake of 
series of scandals and easier access to information about the working practices of factories and farms around 
the world. 
Mike Watkins, senior manager of retail services at Nielsen, said that greater availability of ecofriendly 
products and improved marketing was also driving consumers towards pro -environment goods. Fairtrade and 
organic foods and green cleaning products such as Ecover, for example, are now widely stocked by 
supermarkets. 
Improved marketing contributes to better awareness and education about such products and helps 
compensate for any perceived quality trade-off between eco-friendly and standard versions. 
However, sales of relatively expensive organic produce have declined in the UK during the economic 
slump as consumers prioritise saving money over ecological concerns. But he said the price difference between 
green options and their traditional rivals had reduced, making them more acceptable for shoppers. “It’s easier 
to make that decision to switch.” 
But Brits lag behind others when it comes to active changes in their lifestyle to save energy and reduce 
their carbon footprint. Just 43% of UK participants said they were changing their behavior compared with six 
in 10 globally and 55% in France and 52% in Germany, the nearest major economies. 
 
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/aug/19/ethical-shopping-growing-popularity-fairtrade (abridged) 
 
 
Activity B 
HOW I BECAME AN ETHICAL SHOPPER 
A trip to India and a new pair of jeans set Libby Sanders on a quest to understand more about ethical 
shopping. 
It all started with a $12 pair of jeans. I’d just returned from a trip to India and needed some clothes for 
Sydney’s cooler weather. As I left the shopping centre, congratulating myself on finding a bargain, I had a 
moment of realisation: That’s a lot of work, by a lot of people – for just $12. 
Making jeans requires a huge chain of production, from growing the cotton, to spinning and weaving it into 
fabric, then dyeing, cutting, sewing, finishing, packaging, transporting internationally, and eventually marking-
up the cost for sale in the shop where I’d found them. 
 
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LISTENING TEST 4 – SCRIPT (p.120) 
 
 
Then I found my mind going back to some boys I had met a week earlier in India. I had travelled to see 
World Vision’s work in urban areas of India. Along with the challenges of extreme poverty, India is home to a 
huge child and slave labour ‘industry’, as well as being a source and transit country for human trafficking to 
other countries. This problem is particularly common in the ever-growing urban slums. I walked into a dark 
room in a slum, to find young boys beading saris; they worked 11-hour days, seven days a week sewing beads. 
They worked instead of studying or playing, trying to pay off family debts that grew every day from increasing 
interest charges. These boys were essentially slaves in bonded labour. They were just eleven years old. Back in 
my Sydney shopping centre, I realised children and adults like these had more than likely been exploited to 
produce the cheap pants I’d just bought. 
This realisation went on to have a pretty huge impact in my life. I began researching thoroughly about the 
issues in the clothing industry (of which there are many, both socially and environmentally) and also in other 
areas of global production. The problems seemed enormous but I decided to take small steps toward becoming 
an ethical shopper. 
I looked for new ways to buy, tried to value living with less ‘stuff’, and chose recycled or fairly produced 
products and clothing whenever I could. I even began writing a blog, Collection of Good, to share ideas with 
friends and start promoting ethical onsumption. It’s now something I’m hugely passionate about. 
We are all ‘consumers’. By owning this and making informed choices about our everyday consumer 
choices we can help to alleviate poverty and prevent exploitation. How empowering and humbling is that?! 
 
http://blog.worldvision.com.au/how-i-became-an-ethical-shopper/ (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity A 
WOOLLY MAMMOTH DNA MAY LEAD TO A RESURRECTION OF THE ANCIENT BEAST 
Sir Ian Wilmut, the pioneering scientist who created Dolly the sheep, has outlined how cells plucked from 
frozen woolly mammoth carcasses might one day help resurrect the ancient beasts. 
‘Though it is unlikely that a mammoth could be cloned in the same way as Dolly, more modern techniques 
that convert tissue cells into stem cells could potentially achieve the feat,’ says Wilmut. 
‘I think it should be done as long as we can provide great care for the animal. We can learn a lot about 
them,’ he added. 
 Woolly mammoths roamed the Earth tens of thousands of years ago in a period called the late Pleistocene. 
Their numbers began to fall in North America and on mainland Eurasia about 10,000 years ago. Their demise 
was likely the result of hunting and environmental change. 
The prospect of raising woolly mammoths from the dead has gathered pace in recent years as the number of 
frozen bodies recovered from the Siberian permafrost has soared. 
Earlier this month, the most complete woolly mammoth carcass ever recovered from Russia was unveiled 
at an exhibition in Yokohama, Japan. Samples have been sent to a laboratory in South Korea which, with 
Russian researchers, hopes to clone the mammoth. 
Though Wilmut does not doubt the sincerity of the scientists hoping to clone woolly mammoths with the 
Dolly technique, he can see several problems like the fact that mammoth cells must survive with their DNA 
intact and cloning needs a female of a closely related species to provide eggs and to carry the pregnancy 
achieved with any cloned embryo. The closest living relatives to mammoths are elephants, but because there is 
a danger of elephants becoming extinct, it is clearly not appropriate to try to obtain 500 eggs from elephants. 
There is an alternative, though. If good-quality cells can be extracted from mammoth remains – and that is 
a big if – they could be reprogrammed into stem cells using modern procedures. These could then be turned 
into other kinds of cell, including sperm and eggs. This has already been done with mice. 
But it could be 50 years before the techniques for resurrecting the woolly mammoth were perfected. That 
gives time for scientists to work out some of the other problems that would arise if a mammoth were ever born 
again. 
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/jul/31/woolly-mammoth-dna-cloning (abridged) 
 
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Activity B 
GM FOOD: SHOULD IT BE BANNED? 
You will hear a seminar essay about genetically modifiedfood. 
Nowadays, the issue of whether to accept or reject genetically modified food concerns people all over the 
world. GM foods are derived from plants (and, potentially, animals) genetically altered in laboratories by the 
use of biotechnology – that is, they are genetically engineered. Nowadays more and more GM foods appear on 
the shelves of our shops and supermarkets, and thence make their way into our kitchens and our bodies. 
GM crops are designed for many purposes: to produce higher yields (that is, bigger harvests); for greater 
resistance to temperature and humidity variations, plant diseases, pests and herbicides (which are used to kill 
all wild plants growing around the crops); and for higher nutritional value, longer shelf life and better 
appearance. However, ethical concerns about their safety, potential 
risks, and environmental and social impacts are still being debated. So should genetically modified crops be 
banned or not? 
Proponents of GM foods assure us that these foods are safe for human consumption, but critics argue that 
their effects have not been studied long enough. The first argument for banning GM foods is that they can 
adversely affect our health and well-being. It is said that some studies have linked GM foods to liver and 
kidney problems. Critics also draw an analogy with dangerous factory farming practices. The antibiotics and 
hormones given routinely to cows and chickens are found in our bodies and we don’t know yet the extent to 
which they may cause chronic disease and exacerbate the alarming problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The 
possibly harmful effects of GM foods are similarly unknown. Moreover, genetic engineering could 
inadvertently introduce allergens into foods, causing allergic reactions in people who eat these foods. 
Another argument is that GM foods do not benefit ordinary farmers and consumers, just large corporations 
that develop, patent, produce and sell the seeds and animals, and anti-environmental ‘super-farms’ run for big 
profits by ‘agribusinesses’. For example, in most cases, fruit and vegetables are modified to look better and 
grow larger so that these companies and hypermarkets can make more money. The do not improve the taste or 
freshness or nutritional value of the food. Furthermore, farmers who buy the seeds will find that the plants have 
been engineered to be sterile (ostensibly, for safety reasons), so they will be forced to buy new seed every year 
instead of saving some forreplanting in the traditional way. 
On the other hand, it is argued that, despite these possible disadvantages, GM products will bring 
substantial benefits. A lot of people believe that genetically modified crops can help to combat the future food 
crisis that will result from a combination of climate change and rapidly expanding populations, and so help 
humanity to survive. GM crop plants are often designed to be stable when confronted by plagues of pests or 
extreme weather conditions. Thus GM crops can be made more tolerant of drought or cold, so that they can be 
planted in zones previously too hostile for them. For instance, an ‘antifreeze’ gene has been introduced into 
species such as tobacco and potatoes. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate low 
temperature that would 
kill unmodified seedlings, enabling them to survive spells of sub-zero weather. (Of course, tobacco is a cash 
crop known to be harmful to health, but that is of no concern to the genetic engineers – they just do their jobs 
and don’t ask questions.) 
To facilitate profitable marketing, GM fruit and vegetables can be made to ripen faster and keep longer than 
ordinary plants. It is therefore easier to transport them and keep them fresh for a long time. 
Despite these alleged benefits, in my opinion, genetically engineered foods should be treated with great 
caution, because today’s younger generation – and future generations, raised on these products – may develop 
unexpected illnesses from eating unhealthy food. Of course, these days, GM food production is a huge, global 
industry that obviously can’t be suddenly stopped, but I 
believe that we should pursue other ways of saving people from hunger so that, if not banned, GM foods can at 
least be rigorously monitored and controlled. Food packaging should be clearly labeled to give consumers a 
real choice: to take their chance with GM food or pay a bit more for natural, unmodified comestibles. 
 
http://mvchaikovskaya.wordpress.com/2013
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Activity A 
SHERYL CROW INTERVIEW: CAN MUSIC HELP PAVE THE WAY TO A BETTER WORLD? 
By Larry West 
Singer/songwriter Sheryl Crow is best known for Grammy-winning pop songs that combine unforgettable 
lyrics and compelling melodies, but she is also an outspoken and influential environmental and peace activist 
whose political views inspire her to personal action. 
On her sixth studio album, Detours, Crow applied her songwriting genius to many environmental and 
societal issues, making it a force for change. 
 
Larry West: You’ve called ‘Shine Over Babylon’ ‘a desperate cry for understanding’ and a ‘battle song 
in the face of fear.’ Since you also consider it to be the centerpiece of your Detours album, what 
message do you want people to hear when they listen to the song? 
Sheryl Crow: The song is an apocalyptic diatribe, just like a rant of all the things we are experiencing in the 
most extreme measure. What I hope, more than anything, is that people will find some kind of hope, and 
some kind of inspiration, and will feel included in a growing movement. 
LW: Do you see the movement growing? 
Sheryl Crow: It has been interesting. Some years ago there was much debate as to whether global warming 
was actually just a cyclical happening or whether this is something we have really caused and that we can 
expect the worst. Clearly, at that time, it was a heavily weighted political issue. I think we’re seeing now 
that the debate is over. People are accepting that the time is now, 
and that we’ve got to move in an urgent fashion. 
LW: Do the other songs on Detours also focus on your concerns about the future? 
Sheryl Crow: Absolutely. I would say that this record is committed fully to the topic of each song. 
The lyrics are very honest and forthright. They’re strongly geared toward truth. 
 
Activity B 
 
LW: You adopted your son, Wyatt, in 2007. How has being a mother influenced your thoughts about the 
state of the environment and the legacy we’re leaving for our children? 
Sheryl Crow: It certainly magnifies how I felt before. It just absolutely smashes me that the kind of life, the 
kind of upbringing I had, he isn’t going to experience. When I was a kid, I could run around the streets all 
summer. Obviously, the weather systems are so extreme now, it’s going to be a very different world. If the 
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reports are right, then we’ll see a third of our species, 
counting man, become extinct. 
LW: What do you consider the most serious environmental issue facing humanity today? What should 
we be doing about it? 
Sheryl Crow: That’s a tricky question, obviously. The melting of the polar ice caps is of great concern and it’s 
irreversible. 
I think the major thing, at this moment, is to start to take our government back, to demand that we address the 
future building of coal plants, that we demand some kind of emissions regulation, that we demand that the 
car companies start addressing oversized vehicles and that we really start owning the fact that what we do 
in our personal lives will affect our communities, our country, and the world. It’s all interconnected. 
It’s not about doing everything, it’s about doing something. Starting at the personal level, whether it’s 
changing light bulbs, ornot taking a two-hour hot shower, or not running your dryer when you could 
actually hang your clothes, or not running the water while you’re brushing your teeth. 
Just simple things. Like recycling. 
LW: How do you think music and the other arts can help people address or cope with critical issues such 
as global warming and other serious concerns? 
Sheryl Crow: For me, it’s a very compelling time to be an artist, and my hope is that the music will mean 
something to someone, somewhere. 
http://environment.about.com/od/activismvolunteering/a/sheryl_crow.htm (abridged and slightly adapted)
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Activity A 
‘Job snobs’? 
Some young people have been claimed to be harming their chances of work by being “job snobs”. 
The latest figures show another 15,000 people aged 16 to 24 became unemployed in June, bringing the total 
to 973,000. 
Overall there has been drop in unemployment in the UK to 1.4 million, the lowest number since February 
2009. 
Here is the opinion of two relevant people. 
 
Norman Rose, The Recruitment Society: 
“There is an element of snobbery which says, ‘I’ve got these qualifications, I’m too good’. People 
shouldn’t be put off from taking a ‘menial, job, because a strong ‘work ethic’ looks good. People think because 
they have a degree or a qualification they should not go for anything other than their line of expertise. Any 
work, so long as you are able to enjoy it, is better than nothing. The longer you sit out looking for the job you 
really want, the less able you are to fit into the job environment. It will come no faster if you don’t have a job, 
than if you take something as an interim, which keeps you going.” 
 
Arthur, London-based photography graduate: 
“For me, personally, it is not nice to go to a job centre, it’s almost degrading in a sense. When you go to a 
job centre and they tell you ‘Ok, you’ve got a degree and that’s great but we have got a job stacking shelves.’ 
It’s like they are filling their own statistics, their own gaps. They don’t care about you. The government 
shouldn’t be encouraging me to stack shelves or things like that. That’s a waste of talent. It’s a waste of 
resources.” 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/23686814 (adapted and extended) 
 
Activity B 
Internships have become a necessity for graduates to secure jobs 
In the current competitive economic environment, internships can give potential graduates a head start. Every 
day, recruiters are flooded with applications from university students who possess stunning academic 
credentials. 
It’s very easy to find a graduate who speaks four languages, has completed more than three internships or 
won academic scholarships, on our talent database. Competition has indeed become fierce. 
Employers prefer job applicants with internship experience because they are more mature and more 
familiar with the corporate world. They tend to have a stronger work ethic and are more adaptable. If a new 
graduate has never done an internship, employers may wonder if the graduate lacks the initiative to look for 
one. 
The chance of a student being hired is boosted if he or she has international working experience, according 
to Dr Tim Wong, head of Baptist University’s career centre. 
Work experience prior to leaving school is especially beneficial for students without a professional degree. 
An internship can pave the way for a permanent position in large companies. Banks, in particular, may 
issue conditional offers to student workers who perform well, before they get their degrees. 
Many employers view an internship as an arrangement that is meant to benefit the company as well as the 
student. 
Sectors like banking, asset management, consumer products, retail and technology want to be sure that the 
young workers have a can-do attitude and are reliable. To impress experienced recruiters, graduates need to be 
able to show genuine passion and interest for the role. They can do this by having a good understanding of 
themselves and their interests. 
http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/family-education/article/1319228/internships-have-become-necessity-graduates-secure-jobs 
(abridged) 
 
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Activity A 
‘My Ideal Workplace: 5 things I look for in a job 
Tim Chan, Indonesia 
Over the course of my 8 year career, I have sometimes thought about quitting my job in search of a better 
one (this usually happens when I’m super stressed or super bored). I found myself thinking about finding new 
work this past summer and asked myself, “What would be my ideal workplace to work in?” 
 
For myself, the ideal workplace would include 5 things: 
1) I am able to do excellent work. I want to use my strengths in my work, to offer my skills and abilities to 
the organization that employs me. I want to do work that I am passionate about, which will motivate me to 
do my job better. I want to work with a team of people where my strengths complement them, and their 
strengths complement me. I want to work at my absolute best. 
2) My work has a greater impact on the world. I want my work to make a meaningful and significant 
impact. I want to believe in the mission of my company, and know that it is making a difference in making 
the world a better place. I want to know that my company genuinely cares for its customers, suppliers, the 
environment, and the community it is a part of, and makes serious efforts to serve them. 
3) My work provides for my family. It is important that my work provides me with enough to support my 
family. I don’t need to be rich, but I also don’t want to be stressed to make ends meet. This includes my 
income, but also my health plan, wellness or family days to allow me to take care of my family when they 
are sick, and vacation time that allows me to spend quality time creating memories with my family. 
4) There are meaningful relationships in my workplace. I want to build quality friendships in my 
workplace, people that I respect and trust. People that I can have fun with. I want my workplace to be a 
community that is supportive, a team that works well together. I want my company to have positive 
relationships with its customers and suppliers. 
5) My work gives me an opportunity to grow personally. I want my workplace to be a place where I can 
grow in maturity. That it would be a community helps me discover my strengths and passions and gives me 
opportunities to develop them. I want to work with people that can mentor and coach me to grow, and I 
want the chance to mentor and coach others as well. My ideal workplace would provide me with 
opportunities to take classes and education. And I want to be given work that is challenging and stretches 
me, leading to growth. 
 
Am I asking for too much? Maybe. But no matter where I am working, I want to be a part of the solution, 
and help change the culture of the organization so that it becomes closer and closer to everyone’s ideal 
workplace. 
http://timandolive.com/my-ideal-workplace/ (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity B 
SO YOU THOUGHT THE AGE OF CHILD LABOUR WAS OVER… 
Around 175,000 children and young people, some as young as eight, are thought to be caring for their 
parents, doing everything from washing and feeding the adults to running the household. “Caring tasks 
included the collection and administration of medicine, first aid and dealing with family finances,” Ofsted 
reports, in its “Supporting Young Carers” survey. 
Unsurprisingly, many of the children struggle at school, getting there late, neglecting homework, missing 
class altogether. Sometimes, schools are better than any other agency at helping young carers. Sometimes not. 
“They don’t remember I’m a young carer,” says a child quoted in a report.278 
 
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Can there ever be proper help for schoolchildren caring for sick parents, when so many people think this is 
a defensible form of child abuse? In a decent country, we should not need an updated term for this form of 
drudgery, any more than we need one for chimney sweeps or scullery maids. Both of whom, one imagines, got 
time off. 
While parents are anxious about social services, children may realise how different their lives are from their 
peers’, become ashamed, or frightened of bullying, and yet more isolated. 
 
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/jun/14/childrens-commissioner-child-labour-ofsted (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity A 
HELP! I’M TOO COMPETITIVE AT WORK 
Dear Fran, 
I have always been a competitive person by nature, and sometimes this has gotten in the way of me doing a 
good job. I’m easily distracted by what others are doing, and I’m constantly jealous of my colleagues’ work 
and progress. I build the “opposition” up in my head so much that I get extremely intimidated and frustrated. 
Sometimes I’ve even thought of ways to undermine the work 
of my colleagues. I’ve never acted on it, but it bothers me that I’ve thought of it. I really think this is the reason 
I didn’t get a promotion at my last job. 
I have just started a new job and I am determined to be as professional, focused, and hard -working as I can. 
Can you help me cope with the “jealousy bug?” 
Mary 
 
Dear Mary, 
There’s nothing wrong with a healthy sense of competition – it’s a hugely important driver of innovation 
and advancement. But, self-defeating jealousy is a different matter altogether, and i guarantee no good will 
come of it. 
Before you start to deal with your behaviour, it’s important to look at what triggers your competitive streak. 
Does it happen when someone else is praised? Is it related to something another person says or does? Does it 
occur only with your peers, or is anyone in the office fair game? And – does it just happen at work, or does it 
permeate your personal life as well? 
To get to the root of the problem, think about whether this came from – something in your past, or even 
your childhood. Were you constantly compared to a sibling or friend? Did someone put you down? Were you 
bullied? If this is the case, it’s important to let go of the negative things that you’ve heard about yourself. It’s 
tough, but you need to look at criticism (constructive and otherwise) as a tool to improve yourself, not 
ammunition for fuelling a pity party. 
Now, about distraction. What gets you so sidetracked? Try practicing some mindfulness techniques, like 
this one: Hold an ordinary object, a pencil or a piece of fruit, in your hand. Concentrate only on its physical 
presence: smell, colour, shape, what it feels like holding it. You’re going to be distracted by other thoughts. 
Simply acknowledge these thoughts, but make no judgment about them, good or bad, wrong or right – just let 
them go. Perhaps even create an image in your mind of a river and send these thoughts upstream. Now bring 
your attention back to your object. Try this for five or 10 minutes a day for at least six weeks, and look for a 
difference in your ability to stop automatically comparing yourself to others, and to start focusing on your own 
work instead of your colleagues’. Because that’s what’s going to set you up for success. 
I wish you the best in your new job, 
Fran 
 
Have a question for Fran? Email advice@thedailymuse.com 
http://www.thedailymuse.com/career/help-im-too-competitive-at-work/ 
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Activity B 
TEN TIPS ON HOW TO MAKE A VIDEO CV 
John Wickens, British Airways event manager, offers ten top tips to help you make the most of your video 
CV 
 
#01 Make a good first impression 
Most employers will make their minds up as to whether the applicant is right for them from the first few 
seconds of a video CV. Dress as you would for a face-to-face interview — no one is going to take you 
seriously in your socks and pants. 
 
#02 Show, don’t tell 
There is a Chinese proverb that goes: “Tell me and I’ll forget, show me and I’ll remember.” Be creative in 
the way you present yourself and do something that your potential employer will remember. 
 
#03 Simple is effective 
This isn’t an audition for Britain’s Got Talent. Keep your application relevant and to the point – don’t say it 
in ten words if five will do. And don’t make it too slick or jazzy. 
 
#04 Keep it short and structured 
If you take up any more than three minutes, you need a very good reason to do so. If you can’t sell yourself 
in three minutes, can you sell yourself at all? 
 
#05 The strongest links 
If you want them to know more about you, include links within your video to specific areas of interest — 
your relevant experience in more depth, for example. And provide a link to a traditional paper CV to give them 
something they can quickly refer back to. 
 
#06 Rehearse 
You have as many ‘takes’ as you need to put this together. Think of the process as a rehearsal for a face-to-
face interview, albeit one you can practise your answers to again and again. An old trick is writing key bullet 
points on paper and taping it to the tripod, directly beneath the lens. 
 
#07 Be confident and engaging 
Engage with the person you are selling yourself to by looking straight down the camera lens – but 
remember, it’s not a staring contest. Be confident, not arrogant. And, most importantly, smile. 
 
#08 Answer the question 
This is essentially the equivalent of a first-round interview, so make your video relevant to the position to 
which you are applying and answer the obvious questions: why are y ou right for the role? What relevant 
experience do you have? 
 
#09 Context is key 
The location you choose to film in will add to the impression you give. A desk with a few professional 
adornments laid out in front of you is a good start – and make sure you clean the camera lens before you start. 
 
#10 Watch it back 
The best way to polish your performance, agonising though it might be, is to watch back and improve 
where you need to. 
 
http://www.babusinesslife.com/Ideas/10-Tips/10-tips-on-how-to-make-a-video-CV.html (abridged) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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LISTENING TEST 9 – SCRIPT (p. 140) 
 
LISTENING TEST 10 – SCRIPT (p. 144) 
 
 
 
 
Activity A 
RACISM IN FOOTBALL – THE ISSUE THAT WON’T DIE 
It was the issue everyone thought had been buried, but the incidents during the match Liverpool – Manchester 
United in 2011 put racism in football back on the front page. 
Two players became involved in a heated argument, one of them repeated the word ‘blackie’ and the other 
felt racially abused. The former was punished for his insults but argued he didn’t mean it as racial abuse. He 
shocked his fans when, at the beginning of another game, he refused to shake hands with the other player. His 
public apology did little to dampen the flames as racism in football made international media headlines. 
It’s been 30 years since the first black footballer played for an English club. Most clubs turned a blind eye 
to racism back then. It was easier to pretend it wasn’t happening. Players didn’t discuss it, let alone complain – 
even when balck players were deliberately kicked or jumped on during a match. 
But times have changed. Now, football clubs have a zero-tolerance policy on racism, and 25 per cent of 
Premier League players are black or from other ethnic minorities. 
Racism isn’t limited to the players. In English Premier League clubs, any fan caught using racist language 
on the terraces will be evicted from the ground and banned from attending matches. 
 
Activity B 
But racism rears its head in other forms. Socialnetworking sites like Twitter allow fans to communicate 
directly with players. After one poor performance, black striker Carlton Cole was bombarded with racist and 
abusive Tweets from a fan. Said Cole: ‘I don’t mind when people criticize me for having a bad game… but that 
has nothing to do with my race. Let’s just keep it football, yeah? Cole’s fans rushed to defend him and reported 
the incident to the police. 
So what else can be done to stamp out racism on and off the pitch? Last February Prime Minister David 
Cameron ‘pledged to crush racism in football’ at an anti-discrimination summit. ‘We want to make sure 
football is all about the power to do good,’ Cameron said. ‘What happens on the field influences what happens 
off the field.’ 
Legal authorities are also getting tougher: last summer an employment tribunal ruled in favour of footballer 
Mark McCammon’s claim that he’d been sacked by Gillingham FC because of his race – the first ruling of its 
kind in English law. 
Meanwhile, organisations like Kick It Out have worked with football clubs, education and community 
groups to challenge discrimination and strive for positive change. At a Kick It Out conference last November, a 
presenter said: ‘Racism is not only a problem in football, it’s a problem in society. Until we truly tackle it in 
society, it will never be gone from the pitch.’ 
Ian Holloway, Blackpool manager, is hopeful. He believes that football is the great uniter of colours and 
creed. Perhaps future generations of players and fans will make that message a reality. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Activity A 
NELSON ROLIHLAHLA MANDELA 
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in a small village in the Transkei and he was the only member of 
his family to receive formal education. 
In 1939, he enrolled at Fort Hare (the only black university in South Africa at the time) where he forged 
lifelong friendships with many of those who fought the struggle for freedom with him; he was expelled a year 
later for his political activities. 
From 1942 onwards he became increasingly active within the African National Congress whilst working as 
an apprentice at a legal firm in Johannesburg and furthering his studies. He later started the first black legal 
firm with his friend and fellow activist Oliver Tambo. 
 
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During this time, Mandela’s natural authority and strategic mind saw him start to emerge as one of the 
party’s leaders and a proponent of the armed struggle, a role that led to several arrests and brushes with the law 
during the 1950s Defiance Campaign. 
On August 5 in 1962 he was arrested and this was the start of what was to become a 27-year incarceration 
during which he would become the most famous political prisoner in the world and emerge as the future 
president of South Africa. 
At the closing of the trial, Nelson Mandela uttered these famous words on behalf of his co-accused: ‘During 
my lifetime (…) I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together 
in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, 
it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.’ 
When he emerged from prison in 1990, his most remarkable feat was that he was able to lead the country 
without bitterness about the past whilst living out his ideal of creating a non -racial country where everybody 
was treated with the same dignity. 
And that is why, decades after South Africa’s first democratic election, and even after his death, every South 
African and every freedom lover around the world will continue to hold Nelson Mandela, or Madiba (his clan 
name), in the highest regard. 
http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-nelson-mandela#.UsR9y9JdVv0 (abridged) 
 
 
Activity B 
GLOBAL VOLUNTEER NETWORK 
The Global Volunteer Network (GVN) was launched in December 2000 by Colin Salisbury, after spending 
time volunteering in Ghana, West Africa. While he was there he saw the tremendous difference volunteers 
could make in helping local organizations achieve their goals. 
GVN hopes to inspire more and more people to step up to the challenge of volunteering ab road. 
There is a huge amount of benefits. 
First of all, volunteering overseas is a great way of making your CV stand out. It shows that you are willing 
to step outside your comfort zone to make a difference to the lives of others. Employers appreciate this and 
they value the life experience, soft skills and cultural understanding that you will gain through volunteering. 
Secondly, international volunteering gives you the opportunity to take time out of your regular routine and 
think about what it is you really want to do with your life. By volunteering in an area you are interested in 
pursuing, you will have the opportunity to solidify your goals and career path. 
Another advantage is that, by volunteering abroad, you will have the opportunity to experience personal 
development, which can take the form of improved self-esteem, self-confidence and life satisfaction. You are 
likely to feel a sense of empowerment and begin to reflect on what you want from life. 
Also, working in another country will provide you with the opportunity to gain knowledge, experience and 
skills which you may not have been able to acquire at home. The obvious example is learning a foreign 
language much faster than you could at home by immersing yourself in the language and culture. 
Volunteering is very different to being a tourist because you will spend a significant amount of time in one 
place and you will be working on a daily basis with local people. This provides an invaluable opportunity to 
learn about different cultures, develop an understanding of the issues facing host communities and develop a 
sense of global citizenship. 
One of the most long-lasting benefits of volunteering is the friendships you will make. You will meet 
people from all backgrounds and all walks of life but the challenges you will overcome together will often 
create life-long bonds. 
Finally, but perhaps most importantly of all, volunteering overseas gives you the chance to give something 
good back to the world and this can result in an incredible sense of fulfilment. 
 
h ttp :/ / w w w . gl o b a l v o l u n t e e rn e t w o rk . o rg / a b o u t/ v o l u n t e e r i n g . p h p (abr i d g e d and adap t e d ) 
 
 
 
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A. 
1) are; 2) comes; 3) has revealed; 4) has turned; 
5) is hunting; 6) are; 7) is; 8) look; 9) are;10) brings ; 
11) has covered. 
 
B. 
1. What purchase have you liked… 
2. Today I’m wearing… 
3. …, my bag weights 2 kilos! 
 
 
A. 
1. d; 2. c; 3. f; 4. e; 5. a; 6. b 
 
B. 
1. … CCCS’s determination, stopping the trend will be 
hard to achive. 
2. … owning everything they want, rich teenagers are 
not happy. 
3. …the credit balance was very low, the bank decided 
to issue the new credit card anyway. 
4. … they dislike credit cards, many parents can’t live 
without them anymore. 
5. CSSS has spread the word about debt issues; … 
parents still find it hard to believe. 
6. … that parents have a negative opinion about credit 
cards, they still use them. 
 
 
A. 
1) saw; 2) launched; 3) started; 4) had been evolving; 
5) had; 6) hired; 7) had been rolling; 8) was; 9) hadn’t 
married; 10) spent; 11) took; 12) was 
 
B. 
1. I was cooking lunch, when… 
2. …, I had already done all my purchases. 
3. Where did she buy that… 
 
 
A. 
1. b); 2. b); 3. b); 4. b); 5. a); 6. b); 7. b); 8. a); 9. b); 
10. a) 
 
B. 
1) to target; 2) marketing; 3) suggesting; 4) to deliver; 
5)restricting; 6) influencing; 7) to smoke; 8) smoking; 
9) smoking; 10) to consume; 11) to spend; 12) thinking. 
 
 
A. 
1) which; 2) where; 3) that; 4) which; 5) that; 6) who; 
7) that; 8) whom; 9) that 
 
B. 
1. This material I’ve chosen is the best. 
2. The sunglasses you are wearing are extremely 
expensive. 
3. Here is Sue, who has recently published a new blog. 
 
 
4. The clothes you are wearing are so beautiful and 
elegant. 
5. The author has got a walk-in closet, which is very 
organized and clean. 
6. This girl, whose mother I know, can’t afford the 
clothes she wants. 
7. Sue, whose parents are unemployed, will earn more 
money next month. 
A. 
1) famous; 2) elegant; 3) party-going; 4) colourful; 
5) fashionable trendy; 6) thin; 7/8) lively … shaky / 
shaky … lively; 9) wrong-headed; 10) prima – donna – 
like; 11) intoxicated; 12/13) mechanical … unpleasant / 
unpleasant … mechanical; 14) anorexic – looking; 
15) trendy/fashionable 
 
B. (Example) 
1. She’s a lively, trendy, party – going woman. 
2. … thin, shaky, anorexic – looking … 
3. … unpleasant, wrong – headed, prima – donna – 
like … 
 
C. 
1. It is a beautiful, vintage, dancing dress. 
2. It is a very useful tiny, electric gadget. 
3. It is a terrific, new, white, American laptop. 
 
 
 
A. 
1. The sales assistant asked my friends to go outside 
and finish their pizzas. 
2. They begged to stay inside as they wanted to eat and 
shop at the same time. 
3. She replied she didn’t expect them to understand 
but that was the shop policy. 
4. I also reminded them that we would be more 
comfortable outside. 
5. The sales assistant encouraged everyone to come 
back after lunch. 
6. Unfortunately, after the meal I was taken to another 
shop by my friends. 
 
B. 
1. …them to try a new fragrance. 
2. She told them to start using a new brand of 
cosmetics. 
3. She warned them to take special care of that 
garment as it was made of pure wool. 
4. She reminded them to take home their new samples 
as they were free. 
5. She told both of them not to spend so much on 
branded items. 
6. She ordered them not to open the packages before 
having paid for them. 
7. The sales assistant promised to give them an extra 
fragrance to take home. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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A. 1. e); 2. d); 3. c); 4. b); 5. a) 
 
B. 1. will help; 2. does… start / starts; 3. will… be 
doing / will be working; 4. will turn on; 5. is going to 
crash; 6. is… going / is leaving; 7. will… be doing / 
will be playing. 
 
C. 
1. I am going to start saving more energy from now on. 
2. I promise I will sort out all the garbage. 
3. School starts at 8.30 a.m. 
4. I’ll have (coffee), please. 
5. This time tomorrow I will (be watching my favourite 
 
 
 
A. 1. a); 2. c); 3. a); 4. b); 5. c); 6. a); 7. b); 8. c) 
 
B. 
1) thus; 2) not only; 3) but also; 4) although; 5) Both; 
6) and; 7) first; 8) second, 9) third; 10) in addition.A. 1. a); 2. c); 
3. a); 4. b); 5. c); 6. a); 7. b); 8. c) 
 
 
 
A. 1. d); 2. fe); 3. a); 4. c); 5. b) 
 
B. 
1. When Tom was younger, he used to work on his farm. 
2. He didn’t use to drive a fast car. 
3. He used to plant many fruit trees and vegetables. 
4. He didn’t use to treat the plants with chemical 
products. 
5. Did he use to share his produce with his family and 
friends? 
 
C. 1. is used to sitting; 2. aren’t used to taking; 3. got 
used to living; 4. Are… used to staying; 5. got used 
to doing 
 
D. 1. am used to going; 2. is used to watching; 3. used 
to eat; 4. Did… use to write; 5. used to be; 6. aren’t 
used to; 7. didn’t use to exercise; 8. Are … used to 
reading; 9. didn’t use to eat; 10. did … use to live. 
 
 
 
A. 
1. The hotter… the thirstier; 
2. The richer… the greedier; 
3. The sooner… the better; 
4. The more … the more interesting; 
5. The less… the lower; 
6. The bigger… the more careful 
 
B. 
(Suggestion) 
1. … hotter and hotter. 
2. … higher and higher. 
3. … more and more endangered. 
4. … more and more polluted. 
5. … more and more frequently. 
6. … more and more serious. 
7. … scarcer and scarcer. 
8. … more and more expensive 
 
 
 
 
 
 A. 
1. b); 2. a); 3. c); 4. c); 5. b); 6. a); 7. b); 8. b); 9. a) 
 
A. 
1. If it doesn’t rain enough this year, there will be fewer 
fruits and vegetables. 
2. If the supermarket is closed, I won’t be able to do 
the shopping. 
3. If I miss the bus, I will have to take the next one. 
4. I f I do the homework, the teacher will give me a good 
mark. 
5. If you don’t know the rules, you will lose the game. 
6. If I buy a new computer, I’ll do all the work. 
 
B. 1. I would contribute; 2. natural resources would run 
out; 3. we lived; 4. you ate; 5. I would agree; 6. we 
wouldn’t recognize. 
 
C. 1) hadn’t cloned; 2) wouldn’t have been; 3) had 
already found; 4) would have created; 5) hadn’t 
tested; 6) wouldn’t have been able to; 7) had 
watched; 8) would have understood; 9) were sick; 
10) wouldn’t mind. 
 
 
 
A. 
Noun/verb Adjective Noun/verb Adjective 
attract attractive rain rainy/rainless 
invent inventive oil oily/oiled 
care careful/ 
careless 
danger dangerous 
beauty beautiful mystery mysterious 
nature natural history historic/ 
historical 
spirit spiritual economy economic/ 
economical 
 B. 1. b); 2. c); 3. f); 4. e); 5. h); 6. g); 7. a); 8. d) 
 
C. 1. healthy / fatty; 2. meatless; 3. essential / 
nutritional / reliable; 4. careful / balanced; 
5. suitable; 6. traditional; 7. friendly / ethical; 
8. damaging; 9. remarkable / environmental; 
10. sustainable; 11. natural. 
 
 
A. 
1. so; 2. so; 3. such an; 4. such a; 5. so; 6. such; 7. so; 
8. so. 
 
B. 
1. The party was so great that the place was crowded. 
2. The summer was so hot that the shops ran out of air 
conditioners. 
3. It was such a delicious meal that everybody 
congratulated the cook. 
4. There was so much such a noise outside that we 
couldn’t sleep. 
 
 
 
 
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5. It was such a high salary that thousands of people 
applied for the job. 
6. The earthquake was so strong that many people lost 
their houses. 
7. It was such a difficult exam that I only answered two 
questions. 
8. Petrol is so expensive that more and more people 
take the bus. 
9. My neighbours are such nice people that they get 
along with everybody. 
10. He is so hard-working that his boss can’t do without 
him. 
11. It was such an amazing film that I’d like to see it 
 again. 
 
 
 
A. 
1. endured, reports 
2. reminder, death 
3. facial, human 
4. today, tomorrow 
5. by, among 
6. one, my 
7. I, many 
8. and, so 
 
B. 
1) are, addressed 
2) Taliban, deafness 
3) extraordinary, precious 
4) here, rather 
5) of, in 
6) a, the 
7) she, it 
8) and, but 
 
C. 
1) transforms 
2) educated 
3) educational 
4) disadvantaged 
 
 
A. 
1. drawing up 
2. gave up 
3. was set up 
4. fixed up 
5. held up 
 
B. 
Mary: Just because you’re firing them, it doesn’t mean 
they are going to go away completely. 
Tom: No, it doesn’t, but I’m am not going to give up 
either. 
Mary: What if you fixed up a meeting with everyone? 
Tom: Well, that could set up a new code of conduct… 
Mary: Yes, it could and you’d also be bringing in a 
 whole new approach here in the office. 
 
C. 
1. I can’t put up with my manager’s… 
2. The money from my last salary has run out. 
 3. She is doing that to make up for lost time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A. 
1) The; 2) the; 3) an; 4) the; 5) the; 6) –; 7) the; 8) –; 
9) the; 10) –; 11) a; 12) the; 13) a; 14) –; 15) the; 
16) the; 17) The; 18) the; 19) the; 20) the; 21)a; 
22) the; 23) the; 24) a; 25) the; 26) the; 27) the; 
28) an; 29) the; 30) the; 31) an; 32) an; 33) the; 
34) –; 35) The; 36) a; 37) an. 
 
 
A. 
1. with; 2. of; 3. of; 4. on; 5. on; 6. like; 7. with; 8. on 
9. at; 10. Of 
 
B. 
1) accused 
2) spends 
3) have borrowed 
4) has (never) shared 
5) protect 
6) insure 
7) have (just) congratulated 
8) translated 
9) admire 
10) criticised 
11) blamed 
 
 
A. 
1) Not only 
2) By no means 
3) Seldom 
4) Not until 
5) Only by chance 
6) Little 
 
B. 
1) … I known about the top 5, I would have tried it. 
2) … did the vice chancellar forbid the feeding of 
campus wildlife than the students started a riot. 
3) … had the fresher’s arrived when they became 
involved in protests. 
4. … they have been admitted, do some teenagers do 
volunteer work at university. 
 
 
 
A. 
1. So far all the presentations have been done by 
Meng. 
2. New interns are paid only pocket money. 
3. The documents were being filed when I finally had an 
idea. 
4. When was the mindfulness course designed? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 5. She is having her computer repaired by an engineer 
from our company. 
6. The company was being researched. 
7. I hope my application will be accepted. 
 
B. 
1. … was taken by only four people. 
2. … was given a compensation. 
3. … will be paid royalties next month. 
4. … had been sent to Dubai. 
 
 
 
A. 
1. Our senior employees are given lifelong training. 
2. The new interns are taught first aid and procedures. 
3. A benefit is given to the employees of the month. 
4. Everyone is allowed a full month’s holiday. 
 
B. 
1. It is said that Spanish unemployment has fallen 
slightly. 
2. It is widely expected that US unemployment aid 
applications will drop to 350,000. 
3. It is said that the EU summit grappled with youth 
unemployment. 
4. It is supposed that unemployment numbers aren’t 
created equal. 
5. It is hoped that internships can still open doors for 
passionate people. 
6. It is believed that unpaid internships are not worth 
the time. 
 
C. 
1. It is said that interns are… 
2. It is believed that companies save… 
3. It is feared that the CEO of that company has… 
 4. It is expected that a bankruptcy admnistratior will… 
 
 
 
 
A. 
1. won’t 
2. would … have to 
3. shall, shall 
4. can’t 
5. Would 
6. can’t/will/shall 
7. wouldn’t, would 
8. won’t 
9. must/won’t 
10. would 
 
B. 
1. You must check-in when you arrive you mustn’t 
forget. 
2. Shall I phone the new interns? 
3. She must/will have to have medical exams before her 
application is validated. 
4. I might receive a call to join their team next season. 
5. They will start a new branch next year. 
6. John may prefer team work. He’s more motivated 
when working with others. 
 7. The promotion must have changed… 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. My manager said she would like a cup of tea after 
the meeting, so… 
9. Should I do the same thing? 
 
 
 
 
A . 1. b); 2. c); 3. c); 4. b); 5. a) 
 
B. 
1. This is my dog’s toy. 
2. It was my parents’ decision. 
3. I couldn’t believe the boy’s story. 
4. The world’s population is increasing. 
5. Dan Brown’s books are all bestselling novels. 
6. Most African children’s future is unclear. 
 
C. 
1. immigrants’ 
2. Laura and Miriam’s 
3. Jone’s. 
4. world’s. 
5. a day’s work. 
6. Davises’. 
 
 
 
 
A. 1. b); 2. c); 3. b); 4. a); 5. c); 6. b) 
 
B. 
1. Barack Obama said he would do everything that he 
could as long as he was President of the United 
States to remind the American people that they were 
one nation under God, and they might call that God 
different names but they remained one nation. 
2. Nelson Mandela declared that the brave man was 
not the one who had no fears, he was the one who 
triumphed over his fears. 
3. Kofi Annan said they might have different religions, 
different languages, different coloured skin, but they 
all belonged to one human race. 
 
 
 
 
A. 1. d); 2. c); 3. f); 4. b); 5. h); 6. e); 7. g); 8. a) 
B. 
1. Be careful. I have just had these walls painted. 
2. When will you have the refrigerator repaired? We 
need it. 
3. I need to have the oil in my car changed. 
4. Jane has had her lawn mowed. 
5. Tom had his car stolen from the garage. 
6. They had their window replaced. 
C. (Suggestion) 
1. He is having his car serviced. 
2. He is having his eyes tested. 
3. She is having her hair done. 
4. They are having their photograph taken. 
5. He is having his car washed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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A. 1. give up; 2. hurry up; 3. pick… up; 4. speak up; 
5. turn up; 6. break up; 7. hang up; 8. look… up. 
 
B. 1. back; 2. away; 3. on; 4. off; 5. up; 6. down; 
7. in … down; 8. out; 9. over; 10. around. 
 
C. 1. make up; 2. broke down; 3. put off; 4. heading 
for; 5. What does ‘VAT’ stand for? 
 
 
 
 
A. 1. c); 2. b); 3. c); 4. a); 5. b) 
 
B. 1. Both… and; 2. either… or; 3. not only… but also; 
4. both… and; 5. whether… or; 6. Both… and; 7. 
not only… but also; 8. whether… or; 9. both… and; 
10. Neither… nor; 11. either … or; 12. whether … 
or. 
 
 
 
 
A. 1. b); 2. c); 3. a); 4. c); 5. b) 
 
B. 
1. I wish he would answer my messages. 
2. I wish I had enough money to travel. 
3. I wish more people would volunteer to help the 
community. 
4. If only we could solve the problem of hunger in the 
world. 
5. If only her parents would let her be a voluntourist. 
6. If only they would agree with her. 
 
C. 1. hadn’t had; 2. had stopped; 3. had apologised; 
4. hadn’t left; 5. had accepted; 6. had worked; 
 7. had brought; 8. had been. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Big climate changes have been caused by pollution. 
2. This hotel is said to be environmentally friendly. 
3. Peter told his parents there was nothing they could 
tell him that would make him change his mind. 
4. They asked me when I had decided to become a 
doctor. 
5. I wish I could follow a modelling career. 
6. The sooner you arrive, the more time we will have to 
discuss the problem. 
7. The doctor said I should stop smoking. 
8. Although he apologized, I will never forget what he 
did to me. 
9. I am used to going for a walk in the morning. 
10. Los Angeles, which is in California, is the second 
most populous city in the US. 
11. It was such a long trip that we slept most of the 
time. 
12. Jim and Anne broke up in July. 
13. My parents’ house has been rebuilt. 
14. When he was a child, he used to read many books. 
15. My father wants me to follow his career. 
16. The man whom/who you were talking to is my boss. 
17. If he hadn’t lost his money, he would have bought 
something. 
18. If you smoke, your parents will punish you. 
19. It is more pleasant to travel than to arrive. 
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