LIAM 05

Prévia do material em texto

LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
AULA 5 - O PASSADO: ASPECTO E MODO E SUAS 
IMPLICAÇÕES SEMÂNTICAS, LEXICAIS E PRAGMÁTICAS.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learn how to form and use of the 
past tense verbs: The Simple Past, 
The Past Progressive, The Past 
Perfect Simple and The Past Perfect 
Progressive, Used to and Going to.
Learn common time expressions 
related to the past tense verbs.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST TENSES
• I visited my uncle in Paris last 
summer.
SIMPLE PAST
• While I was walking down 
the street yesterday, I 
suddenly met my boss..
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• By the time Dona had saved
enough money, she bought a new 
car.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
• We had been walking the 
streets of Paris for hours until 
we finally took a break.
PAST PERFECT 
PROGRESSIVE
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST SIMPLE
Completed past action
These are short actions or 
events performed and 
completed in the past. We 
either know exactly when
they happened or infer this 
from context.
I bought a new car yesterday.
Columbus reached America in 1492.
William Shakespeare wrote many plays.
The fact that both Columbus and 
Shakespeare are dead (in the certain 
past), calls for using the Past Simple, 
with or without stating the time of the 
action.
Discontinued past fact 
These facts were true in the 
past but are not true now. The 
period when these facts were 
true in is both finished and 
defined (childhood, last 
month).
As children, we were quite messy.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST SIMPLE
Finished past state Michelle lived in Paris for 5 years. 
(Paris was her permanent place of 
residence for 5 years. This period in 
her life is over. She does not live 
there now.)
Sequence of past activities I went out dancing until very late, 
slept for 4 hours, woke up and took a 
shower. On my way to work, I met the 
guy from yesterday’s party 
and…(Short actions that happened 
one right after the other, as in story-
telling and reporting.)
Details of news I’ve hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder 
when I was painting my bedroom.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
When we say that the time is definite, it does not mean that it has
to be a point in the past. In English, definite time in the past means
any phrase that answer the question: When?
I lived in Paris when I was young.
When did you live in Paris? When I was young (Still we don’t know
when he/she was young).
Details of news – when we are telling something, the first verb may
be in the present perfect if the time is not definite. Example: I’ve
hurt my leg.
From now on whatever is related to that action is definite: I fell
off a ladder when I was painting my bedroom.
WATCH OUT!
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
An ongoing incomplete action 
which continued for a stretch of 
time in the past and ended.
The emphasis is on the duration 
of the action and the fact that 
the doer invested time and 
effort in the activity
Donna was doing her homework for 
hours yesterday.
The Prime Minister was still talking 
at 09:00 yesterday morning.
(Donna and the Prime Minister were 
all busy doing an activity, which 
lasted for some time before it 
finished.)
A few ongoing actions that were 
happening at the same time
While you were riding the train to 
the airport, I was trying to call you. 
(During his ride to the airport, I was 
continuously trying to call him, but 
since the train was making a noise, 
he didn’t hear his cell phone. It was 
all happening at the same time.)
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
An ongoing past activity with a 
shorter past action that 
occurred and was completed in 
the middle of the longer one
I was jogging in the park when you 
called. (He called at some point 
during the jog. Because I was 
running, (longer activity) I couldn’t 
answer my cell phone as I was busy 
in the middle of the activity.)
An annoying and repeated action 
in the past, usually with 
‘always’
He was always leaving the tap 
running.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
A completed action before 
something else in the past.
When we arrived, the film had 
started. (first the film started, then 
later we arrived)
We saw that he had taken the wrong 
bus. (first he took the bus, then later 
we saw it)
He watched the film he had rented. 
(first he rented the film, then later 
he watched it)
To explain or give a reason for 
something in the past.
I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
Stative verbs only: something 
that started in the past and 
continued up to another action 
in the past.
When he graduated, he had been in 
London for six years. (= he arrived in 
London six years before he graduated 
and lived there continuously until he 
graduated, or even longer)
When, in a narrative, we take as 
a starting point a past fact and, 
from this point, we narrate the 
anterior facts.
(a) He was thinking of his wife.
(b) They had started to quarrel 
lately, for the first time. She had 
always wanted him to save his 
health.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
We never use the past perfect alone, but always in relation to some 
other past tense situation or action, stated or implied.
When we arrived, the film had started. 
We saw that he had taken the wrong bus. 
He watched the film he had rented. 
I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.
When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. 
WATCH OUT!
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST PERFECT EXAMPLES
I had finished my homework before 
I went playing football.
I was tired of my lady. We had been 
together too long.
Everywhere I went it seem I had 
been there before.
For we knew we had loved in vain.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
Time in the past
I knew that man yesterday.
Time before the time in the past
I felt I had known that man 
previously.
We may use it alone. It doesn’t 
depend on another action.
We never use it alone.
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Something that started in the 
past and continued up to 
another action or event (tells us 
'how long')
She had been working at that 
company for a year when she met 
James. (This tells us how long 
something had continued before 
another event in the past. We usually 
use 'for' or 'since' in the same way as 
we do with the present perfect 
continuous)
Cause of something in the past The pavement was wet, it had been 
raining. (It was raining before the 
time I'mdescribing in the past. We 
could see the result of the rain)
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
USAGE – It means that something often happened in the past but does 
not happen now. There is no present tense of USED TO. We use the 
simple present tense of a normal verb to talk about things that often 
happened these days.
Examples:
As children, our mother used to read us bedtime stories.
I used to eat butter a lot, but now I don’t touch it. I didn't use to drink 
coffee, though.
NOTE: BE USED To (+ -ing form) means to have done something so often 
that it no longer seems new or strange.
Example: We are used to living in London now, but everything was new 
and exciting at first.
USED TO
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
USAGE – We use the going to past to indicate an action which was 
planned or intended, but which did not happen.
Example: I was going to do it yesterday, but I was too busy.
GOING TO
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: “I was walking 
down the street yesterday. I passed the supermarket and suddenly 
remembered I (forget) my keys.”
a) forgot
b) had been forgetting
c) had forgotten
d) was forget
e) had forget
Choose the most suitable verb form for the sentence: “I was exhausted 
at the end of the exam. I (write) for over two hours.”
a) was writing
b) written
c) had wrote
d) had been wrote
e) had been writing
LET’S PRACTICE!
Aula 5 – O Passado: Aspecto e Modo e suas Implicações Semânticas, Lexicais e Pragmáticas . 
LÍNGUA INGLESA ASPECTOS MORFOSSINTÁTICOS
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learn how to form and use of the 
past tense verbs: The Simple Past, 
The Past Progressive, The Past 
Perfect Simple and The Past Perfect 
Progressive, Used to and Going to.
Learn common time expressions 
related to the past tense verbs.