LI1 05

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LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare: life and work
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Class content:
Shakespeare´ s life and the society.
Shakespearean themes. 
Shakespearean themes through time.
 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
WHO WAS SHAKESPEARE AFTER ALL?
As a brief introductory detail it should be mentioned that, during the sixteenth century, there were many families with the name Shakespeare in and around Stratford.
Shakespeare appears countless times in town minutes and court records, spelled in a variety of ways, from Shagspere to Chacsper. Unfortunately, there are very few records that reveal specific details about William Shakespeare's family
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
SHAKESPEARE ANCESTRY
The Bard's paternal grandfather was Richard Shakespeare (d. 1561), a farmer in Snitterfield, a village four miles northeast of Stratford. 
Shakespeare's maternal grandfather. Robert Arden (d. 1556) was the son of Thomas Arden of Wilmecote, Shakespeare's maternal great-grandfather, who probably belonged to the aristocratic family of the Ardens of Park Hall. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare's father, John, came to Stratford from Snitterfield before 1532 as an apprentice glover and tanner of leathers. John Shakespeare prospered and began to deal in farm products and wool. 
 
Sometime between 1556 and 1558 John Shakespeare married Mary Arden, the daughter of the wealthy Robert Arden of Wilmecote and owner of the sixty-acre farm called Asbies. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
We assume neither John nor Mary could write -- John used a pair of glovers' compasses as his signature while Mary used a running horse -- but it did not prevent them from becoming important members of the community. The family went through finantial difficulties which were overcome.
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
The baptismal register of the Holy Trinity parish church, in Stratford, shows the following entry for April 26, 1564: Gulielmus filius Johannes Shakespeare. The actual date of Shakespeare's birth is not known, but, traditionally, April 23, St George's Day, has been Shakespeare's accepted birthday, and a house on Henley Street in Stratford, owned by William's father, John, is accepted as Shakespeare's birth place.  
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
No doubt Shakespeare's true birthday will remain a mystery forever. But the assumption that the Bard was born on the same day of the month that he died lends an exciting esoteric highlight to the otherwise mundane details of Shakespeare's life. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare probably began his education at the age of six or seven at the Stratford grammar school.  
Shakespeare was removed from school around age thirteen because of his father's financial and social difficulties, there is no reason whatsoever to believe that he had not acquired a firm grasp of both English and Latin and that he had continued his studies elsewhere. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
We know very little about Shakespeare's life during two major spans of time, commonly referred to as the "lost years": 1578-82 and 1585-92. The first period covers the time after Shakespeare left grammar school, until his marriage to Anne Hathaway in November of 1582. The second period covers the seven years of Shakespeare's life in which he must have been perfecting his dramatic skills and collecting sources for the plots of his plays. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
The Elizabethan Age
Shakespeare lived during a remarkable period of English history, a time of relative political stability that followed and preceded eras of extensive upheaval. Elizabeth I became the Queen of England in 1558, six years before Shakespeare's birth. During her 45-year reign, London became a cultural and commercial center where learning and literature thrived.
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
The Elizabethan era was the epoch in English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558–1603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The Elizabethan era was the epoch in English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558–1603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
This "golden age" represented the apogee of the Englisn Renaissance and saw the flowering of poetry, music and literature. The era is most famous for theatre, as William Shakespeare and many others composed plays that broke free 
Violent clashes throughout Europe between Protestant and Catholic leaders and their followers. It was an age of exploration and expansion abroad.
she was an exacting and determined leader who did not shy away from conflict. 
The naval defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, England was firmly established as a leading military and commercial power in the Western world. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
She also funded Sir Walter Raleigh's exploration of the New World, which brought new wealth to her country in the form of tobacco and gold from Latin America. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Queen Elizabeth also recognized the importance of the arts to the life and legacy of her nation. She was fond of the theater, and many of England's greatest playwrights were active during her reign 
With her permission, professional theaters were built in England for the first time, attracting 15,000 theatergoers per week in London, a city of 150,000 to 250,000. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
QUEEN ELIZABETH I - QUOTES
Do not tell secrets to those whose faith and  silence you have not already tested. To Erik, King of Sweden, in 1561.
I have already joined myself in marriage to a husband, namely the kingdom of England.  (Elizabeth to Parliament) 
Though the sex to which I belong is considered weak you will nevertheless find me a rock that bends to no wind. 
I have the heart of a man, not a woman, and I am not afraid of anything. 
 
 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too. 
Sir William Cecil, Lord Burghley: Forgive me, Madam, but you are only a woman...  Elizabeth: [cuts him off firmly] I may be a woman, Sir William, but if I choose I have the heart of a man! I am my father's daughter. I am not afraid of anything.
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare work
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608.
Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day 
Soon, however, Shakespeare began to adapt the traditional styles to his own purposes. 
Shakespeare used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, called blank verse. His plays were composed using blank verse, although there are passages in all the plays that deviate
from the norm and are composed of other forms of poetry and/or simple prose.
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare combined poetic genius with a practical sense of the theatre. Like all playwrights of the time, he dramatised stories from sources such as Plutarch and Holinshed. He reshaped each plot to create several centres of interest and to show as many sides of a narrative to the audience as possible. This strength of design ensures that a Shakespeare play can survive translation, cutting and wide interpretation without loss to its core drama. As Shakespeare’s mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. He preserved aspects of his earlier style in the later plays, however. In Shakespeare's late romances, he deliberately returned to a more artificial style, which emphasised the illusion of theatre.
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Who is Silvia? by William Shakespeare Who is Silvia? what is she, That all our swains commend her? Holy, fair and wise is she; The heaven such grace did lend her, That she might admirèd be. Is she kind as she is fair? For beauty lives with kindness. Love doth to her eyes repair, To help him of his blindness, And, being helped, inhabits there. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Then to Silvia let us sing, That Silvia is excelling; She excels each mortal thing Upon the dull earth dwelling: To her let us garlands bring. 
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
SONNET 145
Those lips that Love's own hand did make  Breathed forth the sound that said 'I hate' To me that languish'd for her sake; But when she saw my woeful state, Straight in her heart did mercy come,  Chiding that tongue that ever sweet  Was used in giving gentle doom,  And taught it thus anew to greet:  'I hate' she alter'd with an end,  That follow'd it as gentle day  Doth follow night, who like a fiend  From heaven to hell is flown away;     'I hate' from hate away she threw,     And saved my life, saying 'not you.'  
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Unfortunately, Shakespeare's death at the age of fifty-two will almost surely remain a mystery. Shakespeare is buried in the chancel of Holy Trinity Church in his hometown of Stratford, Warwickshire. 
THE FINAL ACT
Tema da Apresentação
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Tema da Apresentação