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LITERATURA INGLESA I
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Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Class content:
• Shakespeare´ s life and the 
society.
• Shakespearean themes.
• Shakespearean themes through 
time.
Shakespeare: life and work
LITERATURA INGLESA I
Shakespeare: life and work
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OBJECT 
ARTISTIC NATURE
ARTIST
REALITY
SUBJECTIVITY
Shakespeare: life and work
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Literature represents a language or a people: culture and
tradition. But, literature is more important than just a
historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to
new worlds of experience. We learn about books and
literature; we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of
poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow and
evolve through our literary journey with books.
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How to Read Literature?
Answer: Critically!!!!
What is critical reading of literature?
Critical reading of literature means a responsible act for
academic or professional purposes. Critical reading of
literature is not reading it just for pleasure. Critical reading
of literature usually means that in addition to understanding
and enjoying the material in your hands, you are interacting
with it so that you can extract what is behind the words and
sentences.
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The Celts 
in Britain
Mythology
Complex cultural 
expressions
Political strength
Literature
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THE CHILDREN OF LIR
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What is Beowulf?
Beowulf is the longest epic poem
in Old English, the language
spoken in Anglo-Saxon England
before the Norman Conquest.
More than 3,000 lines
long, Beowulf relates the exploits
of its eponymous hero, and his
successive battles with a
monster, named Grendel, with
Grendel’s revengeful mother, and
with a dragon which was guarding
a hoard of treasure.
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The Beowulf – Themes:
•Good vs Evil
•Identity
•Strengh and Skill
•Wealth
•Religion
•Courage
•Mortality
•The Supernatural
•Tradition and Customs
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SYMBOLS, IMAGES AND ALLEGORIES
•The Sea, the Mere, and Water Imagery
•Heorot Hall, Mead-Halls
•Swords
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THE BEOWULF
Customs
Habits 
Values
Ideology
History
Geography…
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THE SEAFARER
Shakespeare: life and work
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over the whale’s realm,
the surfaces of the earth; comes again to me
ravenous and greedy; the solitary flier calls out,
incites irresistibly the heart onto the whale-way,
over the waters of the sea. For hotter to me are
the joys of the Lord than this dead life,
transitory on land. I do not believe
that earthly riches endure eternally for him.
Ever one of three things becomes an occasion for 
uncertainty
for each of the retainers before his last day:
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by good deeds on earth against the enmity of fiends,
by brave deeds against the devil,
that the children of men may extol him afterwards,
and his praise may live afterwards with the angels,
always to eternity, the glory of life eternal, 
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gold cannot be a help to the soul which is full of sin,
before the terror of God
when he hides it formerly while he lives here.
The terrible power of the Measurer will be great, before 
which the earth will turn aside;
He established the rocky foundations, 
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Fate is stronger,
The Measurer mightier, than the conception of any man.
Let us think where we have a home,
and then consider how we may come thither;
and then also we may endeavour, so that we might go
to that eternal blessedness,
where life is inseparable from the love of the Lord,
bliss in the heaevens. Let there be thanks to God,
the Lord of Glory, that He has honoured us,
true Lord, for all time.
Shakespeare: life and work
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THE FATHER OF 
ENGLISH 
LITERATURE
Geoffrey Chaucer
(1340/1345 – 1400)
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In April, with the beginning of spring, people of
varying social classes come from all over England to
gather at the Tabard Inn in preparation for a
pilgrimage to Canterbury to receive the blessings of
St. Thomas à Becket, the English martyr. Chaucer
himself is one of the pilgrims. That evening, the Host
of the Tabard Inn suggests that each member of the
group tell tales on the way to and from Canterbury in
order to make the time pass more pleasantly. The
person who tells the best story will be awarded an
elegant dinner at the end of the trip. The Host
decides to accompany the party on its pilgrimage and
appoints himself as the judge of the best tale.
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The Knight, The Wife of Bath, The Pardoner, The Miller, The
Prioress, The Friar, The Summoner, The Host, The Parson,
The Squire, The Clerk, The Man of Law, The Manciple, The
Merchant, The Shipman, The Physician, The Franklin, The
Reeve, The Plowman, The Guildsmen, The Cook, The
Yeoman, Nuns, The Priest
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THEMES
Life contemplation -
representation of medieval society,
courtly romance, Fabliaux,
tragedy, exemplum, chivalry,
religion, and agricultural labor.
Comedy – irony, satire.
Portrait of medieval society.
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SIR THOMAS 
MALORY
(1414/1420 - 1471)
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The legend of King Arthur and
the knights of the Round Table
is the most powerful and
enduring in the western
world. King Arthur and the
other characters have not
been proved, but their names
conjure up a romantic image
of gallant knights in shining
armour, elegant ladies in
medieval castles, heroic
quests for the Holy Grail in a
world of honour and romance,
the court of Camelot - a royal
and mystical Britain
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The Arthurian legend has
existed for over a thousand
years and is just as
compelling today as it was in
the faraway days of its early
creators - Geoffrey of
Monmouth, Robert de Boron,
Chrétien de Troyes, and
most majestically: Sir
Thomas Malory in his epic
work, Le Morte d'Arthur.
Countless artists, have been
inspired by these legends.
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WHO WAS SHAKESPEARE AFTER ALL?
Shakespeare: life and work
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The Elizabethan Age
Shakespeare lived during a remarkable period of English
history, a time of relative political stability that followed and
preceded eras of extensive upheaval. Elizabeth I became the
Queen of England in 1558, six years before Shakespeare's
birth. During her 45-year reign, London became a cultural and
commercial center where learning and literature thrived.
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GOOD 
LUCK!!!!!