LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA FORMAÇÃO teste de conhecimento

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03249A EXPERIÊNCIA COLONIAL
	 
		
	
		1.
		Published years after John Smith had left Jamestown, The General History of Virginia is an account of the events that happened in the colony and other areas while (and also after) Smith stayed there. Despite historical skepticism, the story of John Smith and Pocahontas narrated in A General History of Virginia is commonly interpreted as:
	
	
	
	the naivete of indigenous groups under the wickedness of the English.
	
	
	the importance of women¿s role in indigenous communities.
	
	
	the openness of European settlers to learn the traditions of Native Americans.
	
	
	the narrative ability of colonizers to inspire new settlers.
	
	
	an idealized union that represents the harmonious creation of a new country.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:37
		Explicação:
The story of John Smith and Pocahontas is often seen as cordial symbol of the association between two groups (the English and the Native Americans) that would equally contribute to the formation of the United States, even though historically it may seem inaccurate.
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Different groups of people participated in what became known as the History of the United States. To which group does the term "First Nations" refer to?
	
	
	
	the English colonizers who were sent to America by Queen Elizabeth I.
	
	
	the first European settlers who arrived in America.
	
	
	the indigenous groups living in North American territory before colonization.
	
	
	the first people in the United States who decided to call themselves Americans.
	
	
	the European nations which started the colonization process.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:39
		Explicação:
The term "First Nations" refers to groups of indigenous populations who were living in North America before the arrival of European settlers. Indigenous populations, more commonly called today as "First Nations" or Native Americans, occupied many areas of North America. Since they had been living there for at least 50,000 years before the arrival of colonizers, they are called ¿First Nations¿, which has nothing to do with the first white settlers.
	
	
	03250O SURGIMENTO DE UMA LITERATURA AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		3.
		Despite being an important book in favor of abolitionism, Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Stowe is nowadays harshly criticized. Choose the option which presents the reason why:
	
	
	
	Because it reinforced stereotypes associated to African Americans.
	
	
	Because it caused the implementation of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
	
	
	Because it promoted segregation between whites and blacks.
	
	
	Because it increased the oppression of the government against slaves.
	
	
	Because it created divisions in the antislavery movement.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:42
		Explicação:
Answer: Because it reinforced stereotypes associated to African Americans.
Feedback: Stowe's novel played a central role in the fight against slavery. However, the presence of figures such as the mammy and the uncle tom helped reinforce negative stereotypes against black people.
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		"Westward expansion began in earnest in 1803. Thomas Jefferson negotiated a treaty with France in which the United States paid France $15 million for the Louisiana Territory - 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River - effectively doubling the size of the young nation. The lands acquired stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border(...) American artists explored this new territory and chronicled the settlement of the frontier: landscapes extolling the nation's geographic wonders from Niagara Falls to the Grand Canyon drove and documented westward expansion"
Retrieved from: https://americanexperience.si.edu/historical-eras/expansion/#:~:text=Westward%20expansion%20began%20in%20earnest,size%20of%20the%20young%20nation.
 
The westward expansion was justified by a quite American doctrine: Manifest destiny. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny is characterized by the idea that:
	
	
	
	Democracy was the founding principle of the country.
	
	
	Christianity should be the official religion of the US.
	
	
	Capitalism is considered the best economic system.
	
	
	Nationalism was to be the central feature of the nation.
	
	
	Territorial expansion over North America is a divine right.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:45
		Explicação:
Answer: Territorial expansion over North America is a divine right.
Feedback: According to the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the US was destined by God to spread its population all over North America, bringing their values to new territories (which were considered underdeveloped). The correct answer is then: "territorial expansion over North America is a divine right".
	
	
	03251POESIA ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		5.
		I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
(...)
My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,
I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,
Hoping to cease not till death
Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45477/song-of-myself-1892-version
 
Choose the alternative(s) that correctly interpret(s) the verses above:
i. The poet disrupts the division between body and soul
ii. The poet unifies the spiritual with the physical
iii. His syntax is similar to the ones who wrote before him
	
	
	
	i. and ii. are correct
	
	
	i. and iii. are correct
	
	
	i., ii. and iii. are correct
	
	
	Only i. is correct
	
	
	iii. is correct
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:48
		Explicação:
Answer: i. and ii. are correct
Feedback: The voice of the poet disrupts the divisions between body and soul, unifying the physical with the spiritual. To pay attention to the "spear of summer grass", the part of a whole, and to acknowledge it in its own value, is to take a step into understanding oneself as a common part of a bigger picture, the lawn. His large and ongoing syntax is quite distinct from those who wrote before him. Therefore, only i. and ii. are correct.
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		(460)
I dwell in Possibility -
A fairer House than Prose -
More numerous of Windows -
Superior - for Doors -
 
Of Chambers as the Cedars -
Impregnable of eye -
And for an everlasting Roof
The Gambrels of the Sky -
Source: The Poems of Emily Dickinson Edited by R. W. Franklin (Harvard University Press, 1999)
 
Considering the poem above, mark the correct affirmative regarding Dickinson¿s approach to the metaphorical complex of "the house":
	
	
	
	The physical limits of the house seem to be equivalent for her own vastness as a person, not at all limiting in terms of their restrictions, only enlarging "The spreading wide" of her Hands.
	
	
	The metaphorical limits of the house seem to be highly valued by Dickinson, here, allowing her to do anything she wants between four walls.
	
	
	The metaphorical limits of the house dwell on the fact that Dickinson seems to claim more space for herself as a woman, who wishes to speak about Paradise freely, within the discourse of her time.
	
	
	The physical limits of the house operate a restraining order upon Dickinson¿s body, yet they offer the possibility to live in "A fairer House than Prose -", even though it limits one¿s self.
	
	
	The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson¿s vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -".
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:53
		Explicação:
Answer: The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson¿s vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -".
Feedback: Emily lived in Amherst for her whole life, in The Homestead, ahouse pertaining to her family since its earliest days. Next to her house, her father - Edward Dickinson (1803 - 1874) - issued the construction of The Evergreens, a house meant to shelter Austin Dickinson and his wife Susan. The house, this great monument of a building, would become for Emily's poetry an important trope; just as the trope of being enclosed in the house would also be important for her. One thinks that the verse "My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun - in Corners" may be brought forth as a famous example of the feeling of being circumscribed between the walls of the house. In the verses, however, since she "dwells in possibility", the lyrical "I" experience opposed that of being enclosed in a house, limited by four walls. Thus, the option "The physical limits of the house do not seem to agree with Dickinson's vision for herself, who "dwells in possibility" imagining a house "More numerous of Windows -" contains the correct answer.
	
	
	03252FICÇÃO ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA E CRÍTICA DA METAFÍSICA DA NATUREZA
	 
		
	
		7.
		"Berenice" is the tale of a man, Egaeus, who marries his cousin, Berenice, a cheerful girl who suffers from a fatal disease.  A macabre story as "Berenice - a tale", exemplary of Poe's universe, highlights the ____________ of the narrator.
Choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below
	
	
	
	imagination
	
	
	 physical disease
	
	
	intelligence
	
	
	mental illness
	
	
	methods
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:57
		Explicação:
From the beginning, readers notice the narrator's unbalanced behavior, his obsession with Berenice¿s teeth and his lack of memory about Berenice's death and burial, as evidence to his mental illness. Physical disease is present in the story as a characteristic of Berenice. Narrator's intelligence and imagination may be inferred by the readers, but are not explicit in the story. Egaeus's methods are not described in the tale, since he has lost his memory about Berenice's death.
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		"Ever done something that you felt so guilty about that you couldn't help but confess? Maybe it was stealing candy or lying to your best friend; whatever the case, some just can't bear the burden of a heart heavy with guilt. And this is especially true for the unnamed narrator of Edgar Allan Poe's famous short story, '"The Tell-Tale Heart." "
Source:https://study.com/academy/lesson/poes-the-tell-tale-heart-summary-themes-analysis.html
 
In "Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator is driven to murder by a frivolous reason. What is this reason?
	
	
	
	his fear of the old man¿s eye.
	
	
	his psychological anxiety.
	
	
	his desire to murder the old man.
	
	
	his hearing of things in hell.
	
	
	his acute senses.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:28:59
		Explicação:
the narrator explains his motivation for the crime: the old man had 'the eye of a vulture', a 'pale blue eye with a film over it'. This sight of the eye terrified the narrator and he wanted to get rid of it; so, he decided to kill the man. He says that his senses were acute and he hears things in heaven and in hell, but these aspects are not reasons for committing the crime. He also says that he loved the man, so he did not have a desire to kill him.
	
	
	03253PERCEPÇÕES REALISTAS
	 
		
	
		9.
		Through The Turn of the Screw, Henry James seduces us not only with the ghosts of his story, but with the process of building the narrative itself, which makes us doubt what, in fact, is being narrated. It is not by chance that it is a fundamental book in modern American literature, since it revolutionizes the way of telling stories.
Considering such importance, choose the alternative that indicates one of the main narrative techniques developed by James:
	
	
	
	Point of view
	
	
	Idealization of feelings
	
	
	Historical time
	
	
	Undetermined character
	
	
	Literary portrait
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:29:03
		Explicação:
The point of view, also known as the narrative perspective or narrative voice, is explored by Henry James in The Turn of the Screw, so that we have access to the version of the story through the Governess¿ perception. This makes us question the limits of the narrative itself and its own resources to guide the reader through the book.
	
	
	 
		
	
		10.
		"The Turn of the Screw has been to critics a chameleon text, taking on a coloring that lets it blend in with almost any way of reading it. Depending on who is reading it, the story can be a gothic tale in the tradition of Poe, a romantic tale in the tradition of Hawthorne, or a realistic tale in the tradition of Howells. It can be a Freudian tale of sexual repression, an allegory of good and evil, a detective story about murder and deception, a call for better treatment of children, or a reflection of hidden truths about its author. It can demonstrate its author's knowledge of scientific research on ghosts, his rejection of that knowledge, his accord with the social structures of his time or his rejection of those structures. It can be read as a Marxist statement, a feminist statement, or a homosexual statement."
Adapted from: BEIDLER, Peter G. About This Volume. In: JAMES, Henry. The Turn of the Crew. Ed. Peter G. Beidler. Boston, MA: Bedford Books of St. Martin¿s Press, 1995, viii.
This feature present in Henry James' book demonstrates that:
	
	
	
	Realism is one of the main aesthetic movements of the period and the only one capable of discussing its transformations.
	
	
	The discussion of the main themes being addressed at the time of a novel's publication was only possible through its narrative.
	
	
	Modernist literature is just a continuation of the issues raised by the realist perception of the late 19th century.
	
	
	The aesthetic complexity of modern narrative reflects the transformations from the turn of the 19th to the 20th century.
	
	
	The author was interested in writing a narrative that involved all the themes present in his time.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:29:06
		Explicação:
Henry James' book brings together, like few others, not only a great technical mastery of the main aesthetic and narrative resources, but also a series of relations with the main aspects of society, which was intensely transformed at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. These changes and their complex boundaries are reflected in modern literature, strongly represented by Henry James.