LITERATURA INGLESA II teste de conhecimento

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02662O ROMANTISMO INGLÊS
	 
		
	
		1.
		Romantic women poets were well respected, popular and widely read during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, but their works were not easily found after the late nineteenth century and before 1980s they were scarcely studied by academics or students. Why were they erased from the literary canon for so long?
	
	
	
	Because of their lack of formal education, their literary resources were limited.
	
	
	Because male writers and poets outnumbered women in the Romantic period.
	
	
	Because the themes of their works were domestic and referred to their private lives.
	
	
	Because of cultural disabilities imposed on women, seen as subordinate beings.
	
	
	Because their works were not considered qualified literary texts by the critics.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:23:55
		Explicação:
Women's history is one of usurpation and injustice. They were seen as subordinate social beings, dependent on men, either husbands, fathers or brothers. Many cultural disabilities were imposed on women, as well as lack of education from the nineteenth century onwards. This status started to change with the feminist waves that shook the western world in the 20th century. But many brilliant talented women writers were forgotten, and their writings had to wait for a long time to be recognized and adequately researched and studied. The reasons for such an erasure are not linked to the themes of the writings, as the domestic spheres and their private lives or the quality of their writings, and not even the number of male and female writers in the Romantic period.        
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Some of Coleridge¿s poems present ___________elements, as in The Rhyme of Ancient Mariner, part IV: They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose/ Nor spake, nor moved their eyes/It had been strange, even in a dream/to have seen those dead men rise. 
	
	
	
	emotional.
	
	
	sentimental.
	
	
	rational.
	
	
	supernatural.
	
	
	natural.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:23:59
		Explicação:
Coleridge preferred the dark side of Romanticism, with the beautiful but destructive power of nature, and mysterious elements that are not natural, but infused with a supernatural energy, instead. In the excerpt, the poet describes dead men moving, groaning and stirring. Concerning the other adjectives, natural, emotional and sentimental are normally associated with romantic poetry, while rational is a characteristic of neoclassical poetry. 
	
	
	03045A LITERATURA E O PROGRESSOO SÉC. XIX
	 
		
	
		3.
		Read the quote below:
"Thomas Mann (1959) first compared Nietzsche and Wilde in an essay that aligns them as co-conspirators in the early wave of head-on assaults upon the "hypocritical morality of the middle-class Victorian age" (p. 157). As Mann observes, Nietzsche and Wilde contemplate the individual as an aesthetic project, undertaken against the swollen Victorian tendency towards a conformity that they both equally despise".
Source:http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1059/tragedy-in-the-ideas-of-friedrich-nietzsche-and-oscar-wilde
Based on the text above, mark the option that summarizes Thomas Mann's ideas on Wilde and Nietzsche:
	
	
	
	They firmly believed in Victorian society's values.
	
	
	They were the epitome of Victorian values.
	
	
	They had similar projects: transvaluation of values.
	
	
	They strictly conformed to the norms imposed.
	
	
	They were both hedonistic.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:04
		Explicação:
Oscar Wilde, as well as Nietzsche, was famous for reassessing the basis of Victorian society. In other words, his so-called trangressive ethic was but the transvaluation of the values of such society. Transgression, by means of making use of the same criteria that shaped the master narratives of that time, enabled him to expose the contradictions that founded our modern (moral) assumptions. The only possible answer is: They had similar projects: transvaluation of values. They did not conform to the norms, nor did they believe in Victorian¿s values. Thus claiming that they were the epitome of Victorian values is wrong. What¿s more, nothing in Thomas Mann¿s statement alludes to a hedonistic lifestyle.
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		The gothic novel Frankenstein derives from a writing competition suggested by Lord Byron. While Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley, Polidori and Lord Byron were kept indoors due to incessant rains, they read gothic stories, discussed science, philosophy and natural science. Frankenstein is not only a gothic novel, as it presents gothic elements, but also written in epistolary form. Why is it correct to say that the novel is written in epistolary form?
	
	
	
	The novel starts with letters written by Robert Walton to his sister.
	
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, written by the creature.
	
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and Walton.
	
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and the creature.
	
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, written by Frankenstein.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:09
		Explicação:
In the novel, letters are used as a way of telling the story. The novel starts with Robert Walton¿s letters, addressed to his sister, Margaret Saville. At first he is describing his trip to Russia and the arrangements for his expedition to the Arctic. At some point in the novel both Victor Frankenstein and the creature are able to tell their stories; however, the whole structure of the novel is based on this first exchange of letters. Therefore, the only correct answer is The novel starts with letters written by Robert Walton to his sister. The story then is not told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and the creature, nor by Frankenstein and Walton. What¿s more, Frankenstein¿s and the creature¿s letters do not organize the structure of the novel.
	
	
	VANGUARDA MODERNISTA
	 
		
	
		5.
		Bearing in mind the presence of classical elements in James Joyce¿s literary works, choose the option that correctly completes the following paragraph:
Many famous works from the Modern era have reworked or adapted classical literary pieces. James Joyce is no exception. Joyce worked with Greek mythical figures such as __________ in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and ___________ in Ulysses.
 
	
	
	
	Hercules - Aeneas
	
	
	Theseus - Orpheus
	
	
	Achilles - Icarus
	
	
	Daedalus - Odysseus
	
	
	Odysseus - Hercules
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:13
		Explicação:
The two mythical figures chosen by Joyce were Dedalus, who built a labyrinth to imprison the minotaur in Crete and also wings to escape the tower he was kept not to tell others the secret of the labyrinth. In Portrait, Stephen Daedalus uses his metaphorical wings to fly over the nets of family, religion and nationality. In Ulysses, the Latin name for the Greek Odysseus, the modern epic hero Leopold Bloom takes his journey on the labyrinthic city of Dublin, meets his archetypical son Stephen, experience adventures and come back home to the arms of his unfaithful wife, Molly Bloom, the modern Penelope (Odysseus's faithful wife). The other alternatives list famous Greek heroes who performed heroic deeds described in Greek Mythology.     
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		Even though James Joyce became worldly famous for a distinct type of writing, his body of work is not necessarily so homogeneous. Bearing this information in mind, choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below:
Although Dubliners is filled with symbols and allegories, the short stories that compose it are considered more traditional narratives, as well as the narrative in the novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, because they are _________. In Ulysses and Finnegans Wake the narration becomes more ___________.
	
	
	
	non-linear - linearrealistic - experimental
	
	
	unreliable - reliable
	
	
	impersonal - personal
	
	
	historical - metaphorical
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:17
		Explicação:
In Joyce's early works, the narration was more realistic and conventional, depicting a realistic scenario, while in his later works, the narration becomes more experimental in language, as well as in other elements of fiction, such as setting, characters and plot. The narration in the later works is much less linear than in the early ones, as well as less reliable and personal. Metaphorical narration is present in all works in different degrees, as well as the presence of historical elements.   
	
	
	MODERNIDADE E PÓS-MODERNIDADE
	 
		
	
		7.
		In his book Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, Jameson (2001) says that "we can no longer represent the historical past; but can only 'represent' our ideas and stereotypes about the past." Which idea does he want to convey? 
	
	
	
	He claims that there are different views of reality, all of them possible and true.
	
	
	Jameson explains that as the past is not accessible, it is not possible to represent it.
	
	
	He defends that the past cannot be represented, only the present.
	
	
	He states that, usually, people represent the past in a prejudiced way.
	
	
	Jameson argues that the idea of representation is associated with the truth.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:22
		Explicação:
Right answer: He claims that there are different views of reality, all of them possible and true.
Feedback: Denying an objective truth or reality, Postmodernism poses the anti-essentialist argument that everything is ideologically constructed. This constructivist idea leads to relativism. Our identities are constructed and transformed every moment in relation to our social environment. Thus, there is room for multiple and diverse identities, multiple truths, and views of reality. The issue here is not the non-accessibility of the past, or the way it is represented, in a prejudiced way, or associated with the truth, but the realization that there are different truths, dependent on different views of it.
	
	
	02632NOVAS TENDÊNCIAS NA LITERATURA INGLESA
	 
		
	
		8.
		Midnight's Children received several literary awards and led Salman Rushdie to international acclaim. The novel is set in India, and it takes place during the period of its independence and later partition of the country. One aspect that makes Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children a work of magic realism is:
	
	
	
	the presence of elements from Latin American literature.
	
	
	the emphasis on the reality of the immigrant experience.
	
	
	the criticism in relation to some features of postcolonialism.
	
	
	the representation of fantastical themes and characters.
	
	
	the investigation about the role of religion in people's lives.
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:42
		Explicação:
Right answer: the representation of fantastical themes and characters.
Feedback: Magic realism is a term related to works of literature that normally present magical or mythical elements in its narrative. Midnight's Children, with characters who experience vastly fantastical situations, is a representative of this literary genre. Although it is associated with some Latin American writers, such as Borges, it does not refer to the whole scope of Latin American literature. And even though it is present in some postcolonial novels, as a means of blurring the limits between fact and fiction, it does not criticize features of postcolonialism; rather, it is a genre that accommodates postcolonial questionings.
	
	
	CRÍTICA SOCIAL
	 
		
	
		9.
		Mark two works of George Orwell:
	
	
	
	Animals Farm and 1984
	
	
	Heart of Darkness and Brave New World
	
	
	1Q84 and Brave New World
	
	
	Joyce and The Waves
	
	
	Animals Farm and The Waves
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:48
		Explicação:
FEEDBACK: George Orwell wrote six novels, namely Burmese Days, A Clergyman's Daughter, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Coming Up for Air, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Waves was written by Virginia Woolf and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.
	
	
	 
		
	
		10.
		Which of these titles is not an Aldous Huxley's work:
	
	
	
	Brave New World
	
	
	Brave New World Revisited
	
	
	Antic Hay
	
	
	The Waves
	
	
	Crome Yellow
	Data Resp.: 23/09/2022 16:24:53
		Explicação:
FEEDBACK: Aldous Huxley was an English novelist whose most famous work is Brave New World. His first two published novels were Crome Yellow and Antic Hay. Thirty years after Brave New World was published, Huxley assessed his prophecies in Brave New World Revisited. Therefore, The Waves is the only novel which was not written by Huxley.