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, and Emerson
	
	Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, and Poe
	
	Poe, Emerson, and Thoreau
	
	Henry Longfellow, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson
	
	James Lowell, Henry Longfellow, and Oliver Holmes
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 16:33:33
	
	Explicação: 
Answer: James Lowell, Henry Longfellow, and Oliver Holmes
Feedback: Even though all the poets mentioned in the options are examples of romantic writers, they belong to different traditions within the Romantic movement. The only poets included in the "firesides" group are: James Lowell, Henry Longfellow and Oliver Holmes.
	
		7a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	Poe is, certainly, best remembered for his gothic tales of psychological terror. In "The Black Cat", one of his most famous stories, the mood is set by means of repetition of certain words. The narrator explains that he used to have a good nature and love animals, but __________ transformed him into an evil person.
 
Choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below
		
	
	marriage
	
	pets
	
	alcohol
	
	irritability
	
	guilt
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 15:53:16
	
	Explicação: 
The narrator explains that alcohol made him grow moody, irritable, insensitive, and violent. Irritability is a consequence of his alcoholism. Marriage was a happy event, and his wife also loved animals. He feels the guilt when he does evil things; which is not the cause of his change, but one of the consequences of his addiction. Pets do not change him; they are victims of his perverseness. 
	
		8a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	Nathaniel Hawthorne is known as a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale. What is allegorical literature?
		
	
	a narrative that expresses the feelings of a character.
	
	a type of literature that reflects about itself.
	
	a type of literature that is clear and explicit.
	
	a narrative that describes the setting and characters thoroughly.
	
	a symbolic narrative that reveals a non-explicit meaning. 
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 15:53:38
	
	Explicação: 
Allegorical literature refers to a symbolic narrative that conveys a meaning that is not explicit in the text. The understanding of this meaning depends on a process of interpretation on the reader¿s part. A thorough description may be allegorical or not, because what characterizes allegory is the meaning that is not explicit but may be inferred by interpreting the fable or symbol. The narrative that expresses the feelings of a character is called impressionistic, a type of literature that is clear and explicit is the opposite of an allegorical literature, and literature that reflects about itself is known as self.
	
		9a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	One of the main characters in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Olenska, who returns to New York after years of living in Venice, Italy, with her husband, the Polish Count Olenski. The marriage had been a disaster, given that her partner, in addition to taking all her fortune and being an aggressive man, betrayed her with another woman. For that reason, she decides to leave and divorce the European noble.
Based on the relationship described between the characters, choose the correct alternative:
		
	
	Count Olenski is a symbol of the evolution of nobility¿s values ​​in contrast to urban development.
	
	Ellen's title of nobility represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
	Italy is a setting that represents a new perspective for the institutions of nobility, unlike other countries.
	
	Ellen's trip represents the advance of North American culture in relation to that of Europe.
	
	Marriage is an institution that was experiencing major ascent at the time, in contrast to Ellen's relationship.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 16:42:57
	
	Explicação: 
Ellen is a character filled with conflicts and contradictions in Edith Wharton's novel. While she represents the ideals of freedom and autonomy of women in the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, she also represents the maintenance of nobility's privileges by the New Yorker high society, even though its members stood against the aristocratic structure. Ellen's title of nobility, therefore, represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
		10a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	In an interview with The Sunday Oregon, August 9, 1895, Mark Twain makes the following statement about creating characters like Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn: "I rather enjoyed writing them. The characters were no creations of my own. I simply sketched them from life. I knew both those boys so well that it was easy to write what they did and said. I've a sort of fondness for 'em anyway." (From: https://twain.lib.virginia.edu/onstage/mttalks.html)
Considering the creative process of the writer, choose the correct alternative:
		
	
	Mark Twain's literature is strictly based on autobiographical episodes in order to grant legitimacy to the stories.
	
	The characters in Mark Twain's novels originate from reports made when he was a reporter for newspapers.
	
	For Mark Twain, creating characters is more important than defining the space of their actions.
	
	Mark Twain summarizes the authors' difficulty, in the 19th century, in moving from romanticism to realism within literature.
	
	By privileging the observation of everyday life and giving voice to characters from the lower classes of society, Mark Twain adheres to the realist aesthetics in literature.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 16:36:08
	
	Explicação: 
Mark Twain's literature is of a regionalist realism, that is, from regional aspects he builds a story based on the objective representation of elements of the rural daily life in America, giving prominence to a segment of society placed on the margins of the social, political and economic development. The only correct option is thus: "By privileging the observation of everyday life and giving voice to characters from the lower classes of society, Mark Twain adheres to the realist aesthetics in literature".
		1a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	Different groups of people participated in what became known as the History of the United States. To which group does the term "First Nations" refer to?
		
	
	the first European settlers who arrived in America.
	
	the European nations which started the colonization process.
	
	the English colonizers who were sent to America by Queen Elizabeth I.
	
	the indigenous groups living in North American territory before colonization.
	
	the first people in the United States who decided to call themselves Americans.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:46:43
	
	Explicação: 
The term "First Nations" refers to groups of indigenous populations who were living in North America before the arrival of European settlers. Indigenous populations, more commonly called today as "First Nations" or Native Americans, occupied many areas of North America. Since they had been living there for at least 50,000 years before the arrival of colonizers, they are called ¿First Nations¿, which has nothing to do with the first white settlers.
	
		2a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	Published years after John Smith had left Jamestown, The General History of Virginia is an account of the events that happened in the colony and other areas while (and also after) Smith stayed there. Despite historical skepticism, the story of John Smith and Pocahontas narrated in A General History of Virginia is commonly interpreted as:
		
	
	the narrative ability of colonizers to inspire new settlers.
	
	an idealized union that represents the harmonious creation of a new country.
	
	the naivete of indigenous groups under the wickedness of the English.
	
	the importance of women¿s role in indigenous communities.
	
	the openness of European settlers to learn the traditions of Native Americans.
	Respondido em 15/09/202217:51:24
	
	Explicação: 
The story of John Smith and Pocahontas is often seen as cordial symbol of the association between two groups (the English and the Native Americans) that would equally contribute to the formation of the United States, even though historically it may seem inaccurate.
	
		3a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	Thoreau's most famous essay, Civil Disobedience, was first published in May 1849 under the title Resistance to Civil Government. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau argues that the intentions of the American government are in sharp contrast to his:
		
	
	individual beliefs.
	
	economic activities.
	
	religious expression.
	
	literary style.
	
	artistic sensibility.
	Respondido em 14/09/2022 18:36:46
	
	Explicação: 
Answer: individual beliefs.
Feedback: In Thoreau's point of view, the intentions of the American government (enacted through the obligation to pay taxes) go against his individual beliefs and moral consciousness, since he refuses to financially support a government which advances causes that he opposes (such as slavery and war).
	
		4a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	Slave narratives encompass one of the most influential traditions in American Literature.  A central feature of slave narratives is that they are defined by:
		
	
	personal stories.
	
	economic concerns.
	
	political divisions.
	
	literary symbols.
	
	religious lessons.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:52:25
	
	Explicação: 
Answer: personal stories.
Feedback: Slave narratives are characterized by being first-hand accounts of former slaves who are able to tell, from a very personal perspective, the terrible experiences they went through while in servitude. They are thus defined by personal stories.
	
		5a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	By not joining in social discourse, [Emily] Dickinson separated her writing from the Emersonian scholar [,a reserved man,] and the public rhetoric of entelechy, or the assumption of the availability of completeness. Her silence was not, however, simply a declaration for a womanly language. In mid and late nineteenth-century America, what seemed to be the progressive elements in women's writing and culture were entering in the hitherto masculine discursive mode. They did so with considerable success, as Helen Hunt Jackson's career shows. The women's rights movement and the women abolitionist orators such as the Grimké sisters and Sojourner Truth, were genuine agents of change. (MCNEIL, 1986, p. 83)
Source: MCNEIL, Helen. Emily Dickinson. London: Virago Pantheon Pioneers, 1986.
I. Identity is an important theme in Emily Dickinson's poems.
BECAUSE
II. It is a topic which encompasses the problems raised in various of Dickinson's life experiences such as being a woman and a poet.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
		
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:56:34
	
	Explicação: 
Answer: Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
Feedback: Dickinson's poems pave the way for one to affirm difference in the face of conformity. The norm is not as "diversified" as the margins. However, she is also quite aware of some of the dire consequences included in this position of the "different". To be placed and identified as a woman in the nineteenth century was directly related to being identified as a morally restricted person, who should not behave in such or such way in order to match an expected feminine identity inside the house where they were born as well as the house into which they were married. Therefore, identity is an important theme for her, as it encompasses many problems related to being a woman and a poet.
	
		6a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	For, borne on the night-wind of the Past,
Through all our history, to the last,
In the hour of darkness and peril and need,
The people will waken and listen to hear
The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed,
And the midnight message of Paul Revere.
 
Retrieved from: LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth. Paul Revere's Ride (1860). Available at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44637/the-landlords-tale-paul-reveres-ride
 
Above one can read the final verses of the famous Longfellow poem, "Paul Revere's Ride". Thinking about Longfellow's innovative writing, we can say that "Paul Revere's Ride"...
		
	
	... is a bad example of how Longfellow assessed the mythical past of the nation he was trying to construct together with his readers.
	
	... is an example of the European conventions of poetry that Longfellow was fond of in his early writing career.
	
	... is a great example of the new rhythm of American poetry, embodied in the combination of past and present stories reverberating with European tradition.
	
	... is a great example of the first American epics, written solely by Longfellow, who was tired out of the European traditional forms of poetry.
	
	... is a great example of how narrative devices are introduced into Longfellow¿s poetry in order to establish a mythical past for America.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:56:33
	
	Explicação: 
Answer: ... is a great example of how narrative devices are introduced into Longfellow¿s poetry in order to establish a mythical past for America.
Feedback: Paul Revere's ride refers to the famous XIX century horse ride in which, during the middle of the night, he was responsible for alerting the American villages on the shore of New England about the upcoming British army on their ships at sea. Longfellow choses a story which was already starting to settle in the collective mythical imaginary past of the United States. By doing this he develops narrative devices into poetry, writing them under the rhythmic gallop of the irregular metric, allowing the poet to sum up the events which he managed to depict throughout his poem in a concise manner. It is thus a great example of how narrative devices are introduced into Longfellow's poetry in order to establish a mythical past for America.
	
		7a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	"Berenice" is the tale of a man, Egaeus, who marries his cousin, Berenice, a cheerful girl who suffers from a fatal disease.  A macabre story as "Berenice - a tale", exemplary of Poe's universe, highlights the ____________ of the narrator.
Choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below
		
	
	 physical disease
	
	methods
	
	mental illness
	
	imagination
	
	intelligence
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:55:12
	
	Explicação: 
From the beginning, readers notice the narrator's unbalanced behavior, his obsession with Berenice¿s teeth and his lack of memory about Berenice's death and burial, as evidence to his mental illness. Physical disease is present in the story as a characteristic of Berenice. Narrator's intelligence and imagination may be inferred by the readers, but are not explicit in the story. Egaeus's methods are not described in the tale, since he has lost his memory about Berenice's death.
	
		8a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	"Ever done something that you felt so guilty about that you couldn't help but confess? Maybe it was stealing candy or lying to your best friend; whatever the case, some just can't bear the burden of a heart heavy with guilt. And this is especially true for the unnamed narrator of Edgar Allan Poe's famous short story, '"The Tell-Tale Heart." "
Source:https://study.com/academy/lesson/poes-the-tell-tale-heart-summary-themes-analysis.html
 
In "Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator is driven to murder by a frivolous reason. What is this reason?
		
	
	his hearing of things in hell.
	
	his fear of the old man¿s eye.
	
	his acute senses.
	
	his psychological anxiety.his desire to murder the old man.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:56:24
	
	Explicação: 
the narrator explains his motivation for the crime: the old man had 'the eye of a vulture', a 'pale blue eye with a film over it'. This sight of the eye terrified the narrator and he wanted to get rid of it; so, he decided to kill the man. He says that his senses were acute and he hears things in heaven and in hell, but these aspects are not reasons for committing the crime. He also says that he loved the man, so he did not have a desire to kill him.
	
		9a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	
	Social realism is characterized by the objective representation of reality through a class perspective. The narrative develops from the position that the characters occupy in society, that is, how much money and prestige they have to belong to a certain social circle and how they relate to that circle.In this sense, Edith Wharton's work fits the definition of social realism, because:
		
	
	It exposes the contradictions of the civil war fighters.
	
	It exposes the habits and customs of workers in the southern states.
	
	It addresses, in a general way, the conflicts of the citizens part of the rural environment.
	
	It presents the relationships and conflicts between the poor and the elite.
	
	It primarily addresses the habits and customs of high society.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:56:29
	
	Explicação: 
Edith Wharton lived in privileged conditions. From an early age, she circulated through various upper middle-class environments in New York, which inspires much of her literature. The reality of the members of this elite is treated in a critical and ironic way by the writer, who questions certain behaviors and exposes the hypocrisy of a layer that has always presented itself as virtuous.
	
		10a
          Questão 
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	
	One of the main characters in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Olenska, who returns to New York after years of living in Venice, Italy, with her husband, the Polish Count Olenski. The marriage had been a disaster, given that her partner, in addition to taking all her fortune and being an aggressive man, betrayed her with another woman. For that reason, she decides to leave and divorce the European noble.
Based on the relationship described between the characters, choose the correct alternative:
		
	
	Marriage is an institution that was experiencing major ascent at the time, in contrast to Ellen's relationship.
	
	Ellen's title of nobility represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
	Italy is a setting that represents a new perspective for the institutions of nobility, unlike other countries.
	
	Ellen's trip represents the advance of North American culture in relation to that of Europe.
	
	Count Olenski is a symbol of the evolution of nobility¿s values ​​in contrast to urban development.
	Respondido em 15/09/2022 17:56:30
	
	Explicação: 
Ellen is a character filled with conflicts and contradictions in Edith Wharton's novel. While she represents the ideals of freedom and autonomy of women in the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, she also represents the maintenance of nobility's privileges by the New Yorker high society, even though its members stood against the aristocratic structure. Ellen's title of nobility, therefore, represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
	03249A EXPERIÊNCIA COLONIAL
	 
		
	
		1.
		They were many motivations to embark on a journey to America, despite its obvious dangers. Choose the alternative that correctly describes who the Pilgrim Fathers were and their reasons to embark on such dangerous journey:
	
	
	
	Protestant followers looking to exercise their faith freely in America.
	
	
	American revolutionaries who wanted the independence of the US.
	
	
	English entrepreneurs in search of gold in the New World.
	
	
	Dutch explorers sent to America in order to help the colonization.
	
	
	Anglican priests working in the name of King Henry VIII.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:41:47
		Explicação: 
The Pilgrim Fathers were a group of people who arrived in America on the Mayflower in 1620 looking for religious freedom after the persecution they suffered in England. Therefore, they were protestant followers looking to exercise their faith freely in America.
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Puritans produced a myriad of texts which expressed their faith, experiences, and points of view: journals, histories, sermons, poems, among others. What was a recurrent theme in journals written by Puritans?
	
	
	
	the importance of theater in rural communities.
	
	
	the focus on the achievement of material success.
	
	
	the search for celestial evidence in daily incidents.
	
	
	the idea of the United States as a perfect nation.
	
	
	the eradication of witchcraft in several colonies.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:41:49
		Explicação: 
When narrating everyday events in their journals, Puritans often searched for signs sent by God in mundane episodes, trying to find evidence of their salvation or damnation.
	
	
	03250O SURGIMENTO DE UMA LITERATURA AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		3.
		Slave narratives encompass one of the most influential traditions in American Literature.  A central feature of slave narratives is that they are defined by:
	
	
	
	literary symbols.
	
	
	personal stories.
	
	
	economic concerns.
	
	
	political divisions.
	
	
	religious lessons.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:41:52
		Explicação: 
Answer: personal stories.
Feedback: Slave narratives are characterized by being first-hand accounts of former slaves who are able to tell, from a very personal perspective, the terrible experiences they went through while in servitude. They are thus defined by personal stories.
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		Emerson and Thoreau belong to a philosophical movement that came to be known as Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism differs from Unitarianism in its:
	
	
	
	opposition to the emphasis on individual experience.
	
	
	desire to separate the natural from the religious.
	
	
	rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
	
	
	objection to accept the mysteries of the world.
	
	
	embrace of ideals proposed by John Locke.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:41:54
		Explicação: 
Answer: rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
Feedback: Unitarianism is more concerned with the way that logical explanations can justify religion. Transcendentalism, on the other hand, accepts the mysterious aspects of faith, with nature providing its main source of themes.  Hence, it neither embraces John Locke's ideals, nor does it desire to separate the natural from the religious (quite the opposite, in fact). What's more, it emphasizes individual experience. The correct answer is thus: rejection of rational principles to explain spiritual beliefs.
	
	
	03251POESIA ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA
	 
		
	
		5.
		A strain of Romanticism that took root among writers in mid-19th-century New England. Ralph Waldo Emerson laid out its principles in his 1836 manifesto Nature, in which he asserted that the natural and material world exist to reveal universal meaning to the individual soul via one's subjective experiences. He promoted the poet's role as seer, a "transparent eyeball" that received insight intuitively through his or her perception of nature. Henry David Thoreau was an early disciple of Emerson's philosophy.
Retrieved from: Editors of The Poetry Foundation. Available at: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/transcendentalism
 
After reading the entry for Transcendentalism on the website The Poetry Foundation, one may assert that...
	
	
	
	... Transcendentalism is directly related to a body of literature produced by European Romantic writers, deeming it indispensable as abackground reading for the movement.
	
	
	... Transcendentalism is directly related to the Romantic ideals which privileged intuition over logic in one's relationship with their life experiences.
	
	
	... Transcendentalism is indirectly related to the natural world, which imparted such a vivid experience of living that transported those who experienced it.
	
	
	... Transcendentalism is directly related to the manner in which one related to the animals around him or her.
	
	
	... Transcendentalism is indirectly related to American ideals of freedom to the individual and financial free-market.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:41:57
		Explicação: 
Answer: ... Transcendentalism is directly related to the Romantic ideals which privileged intuition over logic in one's relationship with their life experiences.
Feedback: Beyond many influences Whitman had throughout his life as a reader and, later, as a poet, it is an unanimity between scholars that Ralph Waldo Emerson and more specifically his 1844 essay "The Poet" majorly shaped Whitman's worldview, a perspective which came through in his poems. Emerson is widely known as the American poet of United States' Transcendentalism. This was a North American variety of the Romanticist ideals that prevailed in Europe at the beginning of the XIX century. Poets and philosophers aligned to this system of thought believed in the primacy of insight over logic and one's relationship with the experience of life over the blind trust on a preconceived set of normative principles. Besides that, these thinkers shared the understanding that human nature was innately good and that there was an essential unity to all creation.
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		By not joining in social discourse, [Emily] Dickinson separated her writing from the Emersonian scholar [,a reserved man,] and the public rhetoric of entelechy, or the assumption of the availability of completeness. Her silence was not, however, simply a declaration for a womanly language. In mid and late nineteenth-century America, what seemed to be the progressive elements in women's writing and culture were entering in the hitherto masculine discursive mode. They did so with considerable success, as Helen Hunt Jackson's career shows. The women's rights movement and the women abolitionist orators such as the Grimké sisters and Sojourner Truth, were genuine agents of change. (MCNEIL, 1986, p. 83)
Source: MCNEIL, Helen. Emily Dickinson. London: Virago Pantheon Pioneers, 1986.
I. Identity is an important theme in Emily Dickinson's poems.
BECAUSE
II. It is a topic which encompasses the problems raised in various of Dickinson's life experiences such as being a woman and a poet.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
	
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:42:00
		Explicação: 
Answer: Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
Feedback: Dickinson's poems pave the way for one to affirm difference in the face of conformity. The norm is not as "diversified" as the margins. However, she is also quite aware of some of the dire consequences included in this position of the "different". To be placed and identified as a woman in the nineteenth century was directly related to being identified as a morally restricted person, who should not behave in such or such way in order to match an expected feminine identity inside the house where they were born as well as the house into which they were married. Therefore, identity is an important theme for her, as it encompasses many problems related to being a woman and a poet.
	
	
	03252FICÇÃO ROMÂNTICA NORTE-AMERICANA E CRÍTICA DA METAFÍSICA DA NATUREZA
	 
		
	
		7.
		"Ever done something that you felt so guilty about that you couldn't help but confess? Maybe it was stealing candy or lying to your best friend; whatever the case, some just can't bear the burden of a heart heavy with guilt. And this is especially true for the unnamed narrator of Edgar Allan Poe's famous short story, '"The Tell-Tale Heart." "
Source:https://study.com/academy/lesson/poes-the-tell-tale-heart-summary-themes-analysis.html
 
In "Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator is driven to murder by a frivolous reason. What is this reason?
	
	
	
	his fear of the old man¿s eye.
	
	
	his desire to murder the old man.
	
	
	his psychological anxiety.
	
	
	his acute senses.
	
	
	his hearing of things in hell.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:42:03
		Explicação: 
the narrator explains his motivation for the crime: the old man had 'the eye of a vulture', a 'pale blue eye with a film over it'. This sight of the eye terrified the narrator and he wanted to get rid of it; so, he decided to kill the man. He says that his senses were acute and he hears things in heaven and in hell, but these aspects are not reasons for committing the crime. He also says that he loved the man, so he did not have a desire to kill him.
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Nathaniel Hawthorne came from a long lineage of Puritans. Even though he tried hiding this fact, by adding a 'w' to his last name, especially because his descendants were connected to the Salem witchcraft trials, Puritan beliefs permeate his writings. What is the effect of a Puritan background on Hawthorne¿s writings? 
	
	
	
	The perfectness and divinity of humans.
	
	
	The emphasis on the original sin and guilt. 
	
	
	The psychological terror and mental illness.
	
	
	The concern about human happiness.
	
	
	The optimism about the human nature.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:42:06
		Explicação: 
Hawthorne inherited a deep sense of moral earnestness and was concerned with the concepts of original sin and guilt and the claims of conscience and law. The psychological terror and mental illness are topics related to the Gothic tradition, and the perfectness and divinity of humans, optimism about human nature and pursuit of happiness are associated with Transcendentalism.  The only correct answer is thus: "The emphasis on the original sin and guilt". 
	
	
	03253PERCEPÇÕES REALISTAS
	 
		
	
		9.
		One of the main characters in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Olenska, who returns to New York after years of living in Venice, Italy, with her husband, the Polish Count Olenski. The marriage had been a disaster, given that her partner, in addition to taking all her fortune and being an aggressive man, betrayed her with another woman. For that reason, she decides to leave and divorce the European noble.
Based on the relationship described between the characters, choose the correct alternative:
	
	
	
	Italy is a setting that represents a new perspective for the institutions of nobility, unlike other countries.
	
	
	Marriage is an institution that was experiencing major ascent at the time, in contrast to Ellen's relationship.
	
	
	Count Olenski is a symbol of the evolution of nobility¿s values ​​in contrast to urban development.
	
	
	Ellen's title of nobility represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.
	
	
	Ellen's trip represents the advance of North American culture in relation to that of Europe.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:42:09
		Explicação: 
Ellen is a character filled with conflicts and contradictions in Edith Wharton's novel. While she represents the ideals of freedom and autonomy of women in the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, she also represents the maintenance of nobility's privileges by the New Yorker high society, even though its members stood against the aristocratic structure. Ellen's title of nobility, therefore, represents a society that changes but remains trapped in the privileges of the past.10.
		In literature and in the arts, there are many examples of physical spaces that become more than mere geographic descriptions of the places where actions take place. Often, they are fundamental elements for the composition of the actions that move the story.
In the novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, and The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, the spaces that play an important role in the construction of the characters are, respectively:
	
	
	
	The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers; and the Bly mansion.
	
	
	Widow Douglas's house; and the city where Mrs. Grose was born.
	
	
	The South of the United States; and the imagination of the Governess.
	
	
	Tom Swayer's house; and the children's school.
	
	
	Steamboat; and the servants' ghosts.
	Data Resp.: 15/11/2022 17:42:12
		Explicação: 
Mark Twain knew the Mississippi so well that he took it to his main novel, turning it into the fundamental element for the understanding of the adventures of its main characters, as well as the Ohio River. They are not just places, but components that complete the meaning of the story. The same applies to the Bly mansion, created by Henry James to serve not only as a setting for the apparitions, or alleged apparitions, of ghosts, but to imprint on the reader the ambiguities that define the story.