A LITERATURA FANTÁSTICA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA - SimuladoAV_1

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1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Todorov elaborou a teoria do gênero fantástico a partir de ideias estruturalistas, logo, é realizada a delimitação estrutural e temporal da narrativa. Contudo, algumas obras se aproximam e exibem estruturas semelhantes, mas não são concebidas como obras fantásticas pelo crítico. Marque a alternativa que apresenta os gêneros que não se enquadram no fantástico, embora apresentem alguns de seus elementos.
		
	 
	Estranho e Maravilhoso.
	
	Dramático e Maravilhoso.
	
	Tragédia e Comédia.
	
	Épico e Lírico.
	
	Estranho e Épico.
	
	
	Explicação:
Os gêneros estranho e maravilhoso compartilham de alguns elementos fantásticos, como a presença de eventos insólitos. Contudo se diferem do gênero tanto no corte temporal, proposto por Todorov, quanto pela ausência do elemento fundamental da narrativa fantástica: a hesitação. Os gêneros épico, lírico, dramático, tragédia e comédia não são gêneros do fantástico.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Os movimentos literários denominados "Realismo Mágico" e "Real Maravilhoso" foram mobilizados por um grupo de intelectuais latino-americanos, tendo como ponte de partida os seguintes autores:
		
	 
	Arturo Uslar Pietri e Alejo Carpentier.
	
	Julio Cortázar e Arturo Uslar Pietri.
	
	Gabriel García Marquez e Alejo Carpentier.
	
	Arturo Uslar Pietri e J. J. Veiga.
	
	Jacques Cazotte e Charles Perrault.
	
	
	Explicação:
Arturo Uslar Pietri e Alejo Carpentier estavam a frente dos movimentos que revolucionaram a literatura latino-americana do século XX. Pietri cunhou o termo realismo mágico e Carpentier a expressão real maravilhoso. Ambos movimentos procuraram representar a história e a cultura dos povos da América Latina através da mística que se expressava no real.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Irene Bessière, crítica francesa e defensora do fantástico como modalidade, discorda de Todorov quanto à resolução e dissolução do fenômeno fantástico no momento da decisão narrativa pelo sobrenatural ou pela explicação natural. Assinale a alternativa que contém a(s) afirmativa(s) correta(s) acerca da tese defendida pela autora.
i.  A escolha pelo sobrenatural ou pela racionalidade deve ser efetivada somente pelo leitor.
ii. O objetivo principal do fantástico é produzir a incerteza, não devendo evanescer mediante resolução.
iii. A narrativa fantástica pode abraçar, ao final, todas as possibilidades, naturais e insólitas.
iv. O fantástico não deve se limitar à temporalidade da dúvida.
		
	
	Apenas I, III e IV estão corretas.
	
	Apenas I e II estão corretas.
	 
	Apenas II, III e IV estão corretas.
	
	Apenas I, II e III estão corretas.
	
	Apenas II e IV estão corretas.
	
	
	Explicação:
Uma das críticas à teoria de Todorov se dirige à sua dissolução. Para Bessière, o fantástico permanece após a escolha natural ou sobrenatural, que poderá ser feito por leitor ou narrador, não estando limitado ao tempo da hesitação. Justifica ainda por obras que não se resolvem ou sequer oferecem esta possibilidade.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The Hobbit by Tolkien was published in 1937 and received wide critical acclaim. Choose the alternative that contains a true statement about the novel.
		
	
	The novel is a clear example of a low fantasy novel, since the setting is our ordinary world.
	 
	Tolkien collects a series of symbolic and cultural references of the Western world to compose his secondary world.
	
	The novel as a whole does not relate to the genre of high fantasy as it does not entail a quest.
	
	Briefly, the story of The Hobbit is about Gandalf's adventures and how the wizard was intercepted by the warlike hobbits.
	
	The novel fails to account for the epic nature demanded by high fantasy as a genre.
	
	
	Explicação:
The only correct answer is:"Tolkien collects a series of symbolic and cultural references of the Western world to compose his secondary world", as the novel is full of mythological recoveries, as exemplified by Smaug, the dragon. The other alternatives, however, do not conceive the novel as an example of the genre of high fantasy when, in fact, it contains all the elements required by the genre: a quest, a fully developed secondary world, it is epic in nature. What's more, The Hobbit, as the title suggests revolves around a hobbit: Bilbo Baggins.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the plot summary below about the novel American Gods, then, choose the alternative that contains a true statement about the novel.
Shortly after the funeral, Shadow and Wednesday are in a small motel, and Laura, Shadow's wife, shows up in his hotel room. It is clear that she is dead, but again, Shadow hardly reacts to this horrifying event. We later discover that the coin from Mad Sweeney was extraordinarily powerful and was responsible for Laura rising from the dead. Laura plays a big part in Shadow's process throughout the story.
Shadow quickly becomes aware that Wednesday is an incarnation of the Norse God Odin, hence the name Wednesday (Odin was Know as Wóden in Old English-Wednesday is Wóden's day). Shadow begins to meet many other washed-up old Gods who have been all but forgotten. Wednesday seeks them out, one by one, to try to convince them to join a war between the old Gods and the new Gods.
Available at: https://americangodsneilgaiman.weebly.com/summary.html Access on: July 22, 2022.
		
	 
	American Gods, as it presents old Gods alongside new Gods in a contemporary setting, clearly exemplifies the subgenre of low fantasy.
	
	American Gods, as it presents old Gods alongside new Gods in a contemporary setting, is almost a textbook example of an epic fantasy.
	 
	American Gods, as it presents old Gods alongside new Gods in a contemporary setting, is almost a textbook example of a New Weird novel.
	
	American Gods, as it presents old Gods alongside new Gods in a contemporary setting, is almost a textbook example of how fantasy novels are a form of 'escapism'. 
	
	American Gods, as it presents old Gods alongside new Gods in a contemporary setting, is almost a textbook example of a high fantasy novel.
	
	
	Explicação:
Low fantasy novels usually present stories in which magical elements intrude an ordinary reality. The setting is recognizable as our world, and not a fully developed secondary world, which is the case of high fantasy novels. What's more, magical or fantastic elements do not have prominence in this type of subgenre. American Gods, therefore, as a novel in which humans coexist with gods (almost in hiding or unnoticeable), and which is set in contemporary US, can be correctly categorized as a low fantasy novel.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Low fantasy and high fantasy are terms that refer to subgenres of the umbrella term: fantasy. Read the statements below about these subgenres and choose the option which contains the correct alternative (s):
I. In low fantasy novels a world similar to our own, but with fantastic elements in it, should be present.
II. In high fantasy novels there is a de-emphasizing of magical elements.
III. In high fantasy novels there is a diminishing number of non-human creatures.
		
	
	I, II and III are correct.
	
	II and III are correct.
	
	I and III are correct.
	
	Only II is correct.
	 
	Only I is correct.
	
	
	Explicação:
Low fantasy is categorized by the de-emphasizing of magical elements and a diminishing number of non-human creatures. Magical and fantastic elements are still present, but in a rather reduced way, when compared to high fantasy novels. The setting also resembles our ordinary world. Therefore, only I is correct.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"Years later, I thought about this when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States. I was 19. My American roommate was shocked by me. She asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confusedwhen I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. She asked if she could listen to what she called my "tribal music," and was consequently very disappointed when I produced my tape of Mariah Carey. (Laughter) She assumed that I did not know how to use a stove. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. Her default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa". 
Source:  ADICHIE, Chimamanda Ngozie. "The Dangers of a Single Story". Access at:  https://www.hohschools.org/cms/lib/NY01913703/Centricity/Domain/817/English%2012%20Summer%20Reading%20-%202018.pdf.  Access on: September 22nd, 2022.
Considering the quotation above and W. W. Jacobs association between the Indian origins of the monkey's paw in his short story and its evil powers, mark the correct alternative.
		
	
	The single story behind the monkey's paw was that of a deep hatred of the British colonizers towards monkeys.
	
	The single story behind the monkey's paw was that of India as a partner in crime of the British, giving them evil talisman's and getting something in exchange.
	 
	The single story behind the monkey's paw was that of the British comprehension of Indian spirituality as the radical (fearsome) other.
	
	The single story behind the monkey's paw was that of India as a culture whose spirituality should be valued just as much as Western spirituality.
	
	The single story behind the monkey's paw was that of Britain as the place where all evil happens.
	
	
	Explicação:
Non-surprisingly as well, the talisman materialized in the monkey's paw is a strong mark of the stranger inside American borders - the warning against one's wishes is also metaphorized by a warning against the mysterious and the strange of the paw, which came from India. The idea that Indian spirituality is connected to the dark arts, impossible to be understood by those outside of its practices and also stereotyped so they can be labelled as murderous mysticism, is imprinted in this short story in terms of how it resorts to the kind of 'magic' symbolized by the paw to argue that one should also be careful with another nation's objects or superstitious item.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"You will think me cruel, very selfish, but love is always selfish; the more ardent the more selfish. How jealous I am you cannot know. You must come with me, loving me, to death; or else hate me, and still come with me, and hating me through death and after. There is no such word as indifference in my apathetic nature" (LEFANU, 1872, p. 25)
Source: LEFANU, Sheridan. "Carmilla. IN: The Best Ghost Stories. London: Dover Publications, 2019.
After reading the excerpt above, mark the option indicating the correct set of affirmatives.
I. Sheridan Le Fanu's "Carmilla" is a variation on the portrayal of "the New Vampire" inasmuch as she is a seductive aristocrat.
II. In this paragraph, lesbian desire is also associated with other feelings so far unacknowledged in the tradition of the vampire narrative.
III. "Carmilla" is part of a tradition of vampires which were strictly animalized portrayals of men.
		
	 
	II and III, only.
	
	I, only.
	
	I and III, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	II, only.
	
	Explicação:
LeFanu's "Carmilla" belongs to the renewal of the vampire character as achieved by Polidori, Bram Stoker, not to mention Anne Rice in Interview with a Vampire (1976). The shift from the animalesque bloodsucking creature - the vampire character was popular in German folklore and widely regarded as a bloodsucking creature, inhuman in all its aspects - took place throughout the nineteenth century. By the time writers such as John Polidori, Sheridan Le Fanu or even Bram Stoker take up the subject, there happens a radical change: it becomes associated with royalty and aristocracy, its slyness is compensated by a sense of seductive qualities surrounding this mysterious individual, and the ambiguous relationship towards the vampire placed between lust and fear.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Ambrose Bierce¿s short story ''The Death of Halpin Frayser,'' is a macabre ghost tale. There is one surprising element about the character¿s mother who is dead. Choose the option which brings this element.
		
	
	His mother saves him from death
	
	His mother does not recognize him
	 
	It is a ghost body without a soul.
	
	It is a friendly zombie
	 
	It is Halpin himself
	
	Explicação:
In the tale, from the epigraph it is stated that some dead people return as evil zombies, bodies without soul, which is the case of Frayser¿s mother. The mother recognizes and kills him; so, it is not a `friendly zombie.¿ 
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Alice¿s Adventures in Wonderland tells the story of a seven-year-old girl whose name is Alice. Alice falls down a rabbit-hole while chasing a White Rabbit. What is the role of the rabbit-hole in Alice¿s Adventures in the Wonderland?
		
	
	It is part of Alice¿s backyard
	
	It is the territory of magic animals
	
	It is a fantasy world
	 
	It is a portal to the Wonderland
	
	It is a place where Alice takes a nap
	
	
	Explicação:
 The rabbit-hole is the opening of a fantasy world, where there are talking animals, unknown creatures, and a different world logic applies. The fantasy world is named Wonderland, and magic animals live there. However, the hole is just a portal to this land. Alice takes a nap in a riverbank near to her house, and as she falls asleep she sees a rabbit with a waistcoat and a watch, and decides to follow him, which leads her to fall down the rabbit-hole and find a fantasyland.