A LITERATURA FANTÁSTICA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA - SimuladoAV_2

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1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"Não era um jogo da imaginação, mas um realismo que refletia fielmente uma realidade até então invisível" (PIETRI, Arturo Uslar. Godos, Insurgentes y Visionarios. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1986, p.135).
Nesta sentença, Arturo Pietri resume o movimento que revolucionou a literatura na América Latina. Assinale a alternativa que contém a pretensão dos autores.
		
	
	Expandir o conceito de mimesis literária para abraçar o que havia de universal na América latina.
	
	Reafirmar a cultura colonialista através da reprodução fiel da realidade.
	
	Aproximar-se do modelo surrealista, considerado um modelo adequado.
	 
	Buscar no cotidiano mágico a identidade latino-americana.
	
	Reescrever a história do continente americano sob o olhar do colonizador.
	
	
	Explicação:
Os movimentos literários de meados do século XX na América Latina procuravam romper com os modelos europeus, mergulhando na cultura nacional, onde a magia se fazia presente no cotidiano. Logo, a sentença "Buscar no cotidiano mágico a identidade latino-americana" é a única alternativa correta.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Ao elaborar a teoria do gênero maravilhoso, Todorov concebe a modalidade de maravilhoso puro. Nele, não há uma delimitação temporal ou características particulares. A classificação de um texto como maravilhoso puro advém da presença de elementos insólitos, inseridos na realidade narrativa. Desta forma não provocam estranhamento no leitor ou narrador, como ocorre no gênero fantástico. Dentre alguns autores do gênero maravilhoso analisados por Todorov, podemos citar:
		
	 
	Charles Perrault.
	 
	Jacques Cazotte.
	
	Franz Kafka.
	
	Edgar Alan Poe.
	
	Alejo Carpentier.
	
	
	Explicação:
Todorov cita alguns contos de Perrault, escritor francês do século XVII, famoso por contos de fadas tais como Chapeuzinho Vermelho e A Bela Adormecida, como exemplo de texto maravilhoso puro. Nele, não há reação diante de animais que falam, existências de seres mágicos e outros eventos sobrenaturais.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	O realismo mágico e o real maravilhoso são movimentos contemporâneos, que respondem a um desejo criativo e, acima de tudo, libertário. Leia as sentenças abaixo a respeito do realismo mágico e real maravilhoso e, em seguida, marque a alternativa correta.
I. Resposta à literatura fantástica europeia.
II. Reação à ideologia do colonizador.
III. Característica principal é a hesitação.
IV. Afirmação da cultura nacional.
		
	
	Apenas II, III e IV estão corretas.
	
	Apenas I e II estão corretas.
	 
	Apenas I, II e IV estão corretas.
	
	Apenas II e III estão corretas.
	
	Apenas I, II e III estão corretas.
	
	
	Explicação:
A hesitação diante de um evento insólito era um elemento fundamental para conceber o fantástico como gênero, segundo a teoria de Todorov. Para os autores do realismo mágico e real maravilhoso, o insólito estava inserido na realidade latino-americana, não provocando estranhamento ou hesitação. Esses movimentos nascem justamente como reação aos modelos fantásticos europeus, se posicionando contra a ideologia dominante do colonizador e em busca da afirmação da cultura nacional.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Magical realism is a genre of literature that depicts the real world as having an undercurrent of magic or fantasy. Magical realism is a part of the realism genre of fiction. Within a work of magical realism, the world is still grounded in the real world, but fantastical elements are considered normal in this world. Like fairy tales, magical realism novels and short stories blur the line between fantasy and reality.
Source: Neil Gaiman's Masterclass on "The Art of Storytelling". Available at Access on July 22, 2022.
Considering the definition above, mark the correct affirmative regarding the possible connections between Magical Realism and the idea of Low fantasy.
		
	
	Magical Realism is similar to the concept of Low fantasy because both develop into worlds of their own, deriving from our own world as a Secondary reality, created in order to fit their narratives.
	
	Magical Realism is similar to the concept of Low fantasy because both share the ideas that realist novels are the best form for literature to express itself, deeming High fantasy books as exaggerated versions of a simple idea.
	
	Magical Realism is similar to the concept of Low fantasy because both approach a Secondary World such as Tolkien's with the intention of leaving Magic aside as a mere detail.
	
	Magical Realism is similar to the concept of Low fantasy because both want to divest Magic of its power, showing how important it is that a moral conflict be the premise of a book, like realist writers do.
	 
	Magical Realism is similar to the concept of Low fantasy because both share the premise that Magic is not the dominating trace of the fantastic in its worldbuilding, mostly rooted in our Primary World.
	
	
	Explicação:
If one is to be attentive to details, low fantasy may include novels such as Neil Gaiman's American Gods (2001), where the main setting is the recognizable contemporary landscape of the United States of America, but - through the narrative tool of mythological/ religious characters hiding-in-plain-sight - there is a subtle setting of the divine understood to be there in each and every corner despite being almost unnoticeable. Humans still inhabit these worlds of low-fantasy - at least as the most populous race of creatures -, unlike novels such as The Lord of the Rings in which the world of Middle-Earth is rather divided amongst elves, dwarves, and many other fantastical creatures. Therefore, similar to magical realism, magic in low fantasy novels is not the main feature, and the setting is still our recognizable reality.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Every magical realism novel is different, but there are certain things they all include, such as:
· Realistic setting. All magical realism novels take place in a setting in this world that's familiar to the reader.
· Magical elements. From talking objects to dead characters to telepathy, every magical realism story has fantastical elements that do not occur in our world. However, they're presented as normal within the novel.
· Limited information. Magical realism authors deliberately leave the magic in their stories unexplained in order to normalize it as much as possible and reinforce that it is part of everyday life.
· Critique. Authors often use magical realism to offer an implicit critique of society, most notably politics and the elite. The genre grew in popularity in parts of the world like Latin America that were economically oppressed and exploited by Western countries. Magic realist writers used the genre to express their distaste and critique American Imperialism.
Source: Neil Gaiman's Masterclass on "The Art of Storytelling". Available at . Access on July 22, 2022.
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Magical Realism is not related at all to fantasy novels like Neil Gaiman's American Gods.
II. Magical Realism might be interpreted as a version of Low fantasy.
III. Magical Realism is intended to be capable of criticizing the social reality by using fantastic means to communicate this.
		
	
	II, only.
	 
	II and III, only.
	
	I and III, only.
	
	I, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	
	Explicação:
Magical Realism as a subgenre of novels is interestingly close to the concept of Low Fantasy, in which the Primary World is still the setting for the novel's plot, yet Magic and the Fantastic have space to develop into an everyday element of this reality - affecting the way people see the political and social aspects of life. Since American Gods is an example of low fantasy, only options II and III are correct.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0The historical moment between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was fundamental for the establishment of the fantasy novel as a proper genre in fiction. This was a moment in which three traditions came together. Bearing this information in mind, choose the option which contains one of these traditions.
		
	
	The rise of the epic genre.
	
	The boom of poetry writing in Victorian Age.
	
	The dismissal of folk and fairy tales during Romanticism.
	
	The rise of the short story.
	 
	The popularity of gothic novels.
	
	
	Explicação:
Three different traditions came together to provide the necessary impulse for the definite understanding of the fantastic as a genre: firstly, the rise of the novel with particular emphasis to the boom of the Victorian novel in England; secondly, the popularity of Gothic novels such as Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and Mathew Lewis' The Monk (1796); and finally, the revival of folk and fairy tales during Romanticism, when they began to be considered, especially in Germany, as an art form. Therefore, the only option which contains one of these traditions is: the popularity of gothic novels.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" is a classic "three wishes story" written by W. W. Jacobs. Considering the discussions regarding Jacobs' "The Monkey's Paw", mark the option which correctly indicates the broadness of its influence in pop culture.
		
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was not a very popular short story, so there is not much to say about its influence.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" is, first of all, the materialization of the consequences of defying fate.
	 
	"The Monkey's Paw" was adapted into more than fifty different adaptations ranging from literature to films.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was not meant for every reading audience to read it.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was conceived as a novel, but Jacobs decided later on to make it into a short story.
	
	
	Explicação:
In 1902, William Wymark Jacobs published for the first time his famous short story, "The Monkey's Paw", which has been anthologized in collections of short stories around the world almost from the moment it first came out. It is significant how deep into United States' cultural manifestations "The Monkey's Paw" has been since its publishing. Its pop culture references include a 1991 episode from The Simpsons special "Treehouse of Horror II", in which the plot of the short story is adapted into the small screen, a 1973 episode of "Orson Welles Great Mysteries", an episode of supernatural series "The X-Files", as well as episodes from cartoons such as "Adventure Time" and "Rick and Morty".
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Now all their cares were at an end, and they lived happily together.
My tale is done, 
A mouse has run.
And whoever catches it can make for himself from it a large, large fur cap.
Source: GRIMM, Wilhelm & Jacob. "Hansel and Gretel". Access at: https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm015.html. Access on: September 22nd, 2022.
Based on the quote above, assess the following statements and the relationship between them.
I. The Brothers Grimm collected folk tales in their search for the essence of the German identity.
BECAUSE
II. They believed in an idealized image of the hardworking nation's countryfolk as the true German citizen.
		
	
	I and II are false.
	
	I is true, and II is false.
	
	I is false, and II is true.
	
	I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	 
	I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	
	Explicação:
The Grimms (and Jacob particularly) believed that the hardworking people living in German's countryside were supposed to be idealized for the means through which they guided their lives. Even though both sentences are correct, the fact that the idealization of the countryfolk was part of their intent, it does not explain their search for the essence of the German identity. Because their searched for the essence of the German identity was that they could idealize the hardworking countrymen.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Alice¿s Adventures in the Wonderland is divided into twelve brief chapters, each one divided into isolated episodes. Alice has wonderful and bizarre adventures with strange creatures. What is a possible metaphorical meaning of Alice¿s adventures in Alice¿s Adventures in the Wonderland?
		
	
	The wish to overcome boredom
	
	The curiosity for the future. 
	
	The fight against reality
	 
	The search for experience
	
	The need for excitement
	
	
	Explicação:
Alice is a child, but the experiences she goes through teach her how to behave and make decisions in different situations, some of them potentially dangerous. She grows more mature throughout the novel
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In Lewis¿ stories elements of fairy tales, medievalism, and Christian allegory are combined to create the magical land. Which biblical figure does the lion Aslan represent in The Chronicles of Narnia?
		
	
	Moses
	
	Judas
	
	Cain
	
	Abel.
	 
	God
	
	
	Explicação:
Aslan is a divine being, representing God/Jesus Christ. He is the founder of Narnia, the creator of its creatures, and its King. What¿s more, Lucy, Edmund, and Eustace find a lamb, who transformed into Aslan, in an obvious allusion to Jesus Christ