SIMULADO - A LITERATURA FANTÁSTICA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA

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1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Tzvetan Todorov foi um crítico búlgaro da corrente estruturalista. Para ele, o fantástico dura apenas o tempo da hesitação. Quando esta hesitação é desfeita, a narrativa se dirige para os gêneros fantástico-estranho ou fantástico-maravilhoso. Sobre o gênero fantástico-estranho podemos afirmar que:
		
	
	reflete uma realidade até então ignorada, exibindo deformações e peculiaridades que dependem da fé do leitor.
	
	está ligado diretamente à cultura de um povo e às manifestações religiosas.
	 
	recebe eventos inexplicáveis e sustenta a dúvida até o momento de sua resolução, que deve se decidir por uma explicação natural.
	
	seus acontecimentos não são esclarecidos segundo uma lei natural, necessitando da criação de novas leis dentro da narrativa.
	
	se situa num limiar entre o passado e o futuro, é considerado como um "puro limite". 
 
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:24:14
	
	Explicação:
O fantástico-estranho é considerado um gênero limítrofe do fantástico por Todorov. Ele mantém no campo fantástico através da hesitação, e se desfaz ao decidir-se pela solução natural, quando se explica racionalmente a presença dos elementos insólitos.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Ao elaborar a teoria do gênero maravilhoso, Todorov concebe a modalidade de maravilhoso puro. Nele, não há uma delimitação temporal ou características particulares. A classificação de um texto como maravilhoso puro advém da presença de elementos insólitos, inseridos na realidade narrativa. Desta forma não provocam estranhamento no leitor ou narrador, como ocorre no gênero fantástico. Dentre alguns autores do gênero maravilhoso analisados por Todorov, podemos citar:
		
	
	Alejo Carpentier.
	
	Jacques Cazotte.
	
	Edgar Alan Poe.
	 
	Charles Perrault.
	
	Franz Kafka.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:24:44
	
	Explicação:
Todorov cita alguns contos de Perrault, escritor francês do século XVII, famoso por contos de fadas tais como Chapeuzinho Vermelho e A Bela Adormecida, como exemplo de texto maravilhoso puro. Nele, não há reação diante de animais que falam, existências de seres mágicos e outros eventos sobrenaturais.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Todorov elaborou a teoria do gênero fantástico a partir de ideias estruturalistas, logo, é realizada a delimitação estrutural e temporal da narrativa. Contudo, algumas obras se aproximam e exibem estruturas semelhantes, mas não são concebidas como obras fantásticas pelo crítico. Marque a alternativa que apresenta os gêneros que não se enquadram no fantástico, embora apresentem alguns de seus elementos.
		
	 
	Estranho e Maravilhoso.
	
	Estranho e Épico.
	
	Dramático e Maravilhoso.
	
	Tragédia e Comédia.
	
	Épico e Lírico.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:25:04
	
	Explicação:
Os gêneros estranho e maravilhoso compartilham de alguns elementos fantásticos, como a presença de eventos insólitos. Contudo se diferem do gênero tanto no corte temporal, proposto por Todorov, quanto pela ausência do elemento fundamental da narrativa fantástica: a hesitação. Os gêneros épico, lírico, dramático, tragédia e comédia não são gêneros do fantástico.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Low fantasy and high fantasy are terms that refer to subgenres of the umbrella term: fantasy. Read the statements below about these subgenres and choose the option which contains the correct alternative (s):
I. In low fantasy novels a world similar to our own, but with fantastic elements in it, should be present.
II. In high fantasy novels there is a de-emphasizing of magical elements.
III. In high fantasy novels there is a diminishing number of non-human creatures.
		
	
	I, II and III are correct.
	
	II and III are correct.
	 
	Only I is correct.
	
	I and III are correct.
	
	Only II is correct.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:25:27
	
	Explicação:
Low fantasy is categorized by the de-emphasizing of magical elements and a diminishing number of non-human creatures. Magical and fantastic elements are still present, but in a rather reduced way, when compared to high fantasy novels. The setting also resembles our ordinary world. Therefore, only I is correct.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	John Clute and Grant's Encyclopedia of Fantasy provides helpful concepts aimed at categorizing High Fantasy. This structuralist approach, however, tends to overlook works that do not fit it 100%. Read the statements below about A Song of Ice and Fire and then choose the one that correctly justifies why the Clute's and Grant's concepts fail to provide an accurate account of the novels:
		
	
	Because at the end good prevails and morality is finally reestablished.
	
	The heroes of the novels embark on a grandiose quest.
	
	Because the wrongness of Westeros is corrected by a quest.
	
	The novels are epic in tone and nature.
	 
	There are no heroes in the novels, only complex characters.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:26:08
	
	Explicação:
A Song of Ice and Fire are novels that contain characteristics related to both high fantasy and low fantasy. Therefore, in order to fit Clute's and Grant's concepts, such concepts would have to be stretched so as to encompass moral ambiguity, characters who are sometimes loyal and sometimes treacherous, the lack of quests or heroes. The novels do not present grandiose quests, or even heroes embarking on quests. Therefore, the only correct option is "There are no heroes in the novels, only complex characters".
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Tolkien is considered the father of modern fantasy. Below you will find the opening paragraph of Tolkien's The Hobbit. After reading the excerpt below, read affirmatives below and then mark the option indicating the correct set of affirmatives.
In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to wat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort (TOLKIEN, 2012, p. 1).
Source: TOLKIEN, J. R. R. The Hobbit. New York: Ballantine Books, 2012.
I. The first paragraph of The Hobbit gives an account of a Secondary World, fully established as such.
II. In this paragraph, Tolkien fails to present from the start a moral dilemma which would explain the character's quest throughout the book.
III. This paragraph is a good example of how Tolkien used both Coleridge's notions of "fancy" and "imagination".
 
		
	
	I, II and III.
	
	II, only.
	
	I, only.
	 
	II a III, only.
	
	I and III, only.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:30:36
	
	Explicação:
Not only in this paragraph are we set in a Secondary world, unlike our Earth, in which some kind of creature (the hobbits) live cozily in a hole, but also the ground hole is apparently the organizing domestic space of the community where a hobbit lives. After all, in this narrative there is something linguistically recognizable as a "hobbit-hole", named and identified as such in relation to comfort. Therefore, the opening paragraph introduces this Secondary World, where the action will take place, establishing, this way a point of departure for the narrative. The only correct option is "The first paragraph of The Hobbit gives an account of a Secondary World, fully established as such".
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" is a classic "three wishes story" written by W. W. Jacobs. Considering the discussions regarding Jacobs' "The Monkey's Paw", mark the option which correctly indicates the broadness of its influence in pop culture.
		
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was not a very popular short story, so there is not much to say about its influence.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" is, first of all, the materialization of the consequences of defying fate.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was not meant for every reading audience to read it.
	
	"The Monkey's Paw" was conceivedas a novel, but Jacobs decided later on to make it into a short story.
	 
	"The Monkey's Paw" was adapted into more than fifty different adaptations ranging from literature to films.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:28:35
	
	Explicação:
In 1902, William Wymark Jacobs published for the first time his famous short story, "The Monkey's Paw", which has been anthologized in collections of short stories around the world almost from the moment it first came out. It is significant how deep into United States' cultural manifestations "The Monkey's Paw" has been since its publishing. Its pop culture references include a 1991 episode from The Simpsons special "Treehouse of Horror II", in which the plot of the short story is adapted into the small screen, a 1973 episode of "Orson Welles Great Mysteries", an episode of supernatural series "The X-Files", as well as episodes from cartoons such as "Adventure Time" and "Rick and Morty".
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Now all their cares were at an end, and they lived happily together.
My tale is done, 
A mouse has run.
And whoever catches it can make for himself from it a large, large fur cap.
Source: GRIMM, Wilhelm & Jacob. "Hansel and Gretel". Access at: https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm015.html. Access on: September 22nd, 2022.
Based on the quote above, assess the following statements and the relationship between them.
I. The Brothers Grimm collected folk tales in their search for the essence of the German identity.
BECAUSE
II. They believed in an idealized image of the hardworking nation's countryfolk as the true German citizen.
		
	 
	I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	I is true, and II is false.
	
	I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	
	I and II are false.
	
	I is false, and II is true.
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:28:20
	
	Explicação:
The Grimms (and Jacob particularly) believed that the hardworking people living in German's countryside were supposed to be idealized for the means through which they guided their lives. Even though both sentences are correct, the fact that the idealization of the countryfolk was part of their intent, it does not explain their search for the essence of the German identity. Because their searched for the essence of the German identity was that they could idealize the hardworking countrymen.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Alice¿s Adventures in the Wonderland is divided into twelve brief chapters, each one divided into isolated episodes. Alice has wonderful and bizarre adventures with strange creatures. What is a possible metaphorical meaning of Alice¿s adventures in Alice¿s Adventures in the Wonderland?
		
	
	The need for excitement
	 
	The search for experience
	
	The wish to overcome boredom
	
	The curiosity for the future. 
	
	The fight against reality
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:27:58
	
	Explicação:
Alice is a child, but the experiences she goes through teach her how to behave and make decisions in different situations, some of them potentially dangerous. She grows more mature throughout the novel
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In Lewis¿ stories elements of fairy tales, medievalism, and Christian allegory are combined to create the magical land. Which biblical figure does the lion Aslan represent in The Chronicles of Narnia?
		
	
	Cain
	
	Moses
	 
	God
	
	Abel.
	
	Judas
	Respondido em 20/03/2023 15:27:49
	
	Explicação:
Aslan is a divine being, representing God/Jesus Christ. He is the founder of Narnia, the creator of its creatures, and its King. What¿s more, Lucy, Edmund, and Eustace find a lamb, who transformed into Aslan, in an obvious allusion to Jesus Christ