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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
Aluno(a): MAURÍCIO DE OLIVEIRA 202102298253
Acertos: 8,0 de 10,0 31/03/2023
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Participles are structured into two forms: present and past. These special classes of non-�nite forms present
multiple uses in the English language. They are part of Perfect and Progressive verb tenses, are included in Passive
sentences, and can also be exploited to simplify more complex sentence structures. Bearing this information in
mind, read the sentence below:
"Used carefully, the Internet can provide us with up-to-date information on a variety of topics."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
form a passive structure
 simplify an adverbial clause
devise a progressive verb tense
refer to a perfect verb tense
simplify an adjective clause
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:50:30
Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adverbial clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify an adverbial clause of condition: "If it is used carefully, ...". Since the
sentence in question refers to a conditional meaning, it cannot be a reduced adjective clause. Also, the sentence is in the
active voice, which means that the highlighted participle is not part of a passive structure. Finally, the verb tense is neither
perfect nor progressive.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Gerunds are types of verbals that can be used to perform different syntactic roles. Bearing this information in mind,
read the sentence below:
"My hobby is reading books on folktales."
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https://simulado.estacio.br/alunos/inicio.asp
javascript:voltar();
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
prepositional complement
indirect object
direct object
subject
 subject complement
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:51:48
Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb, which is the case at play.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the
sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
Gerunds are a special class of non-�nite forms. They can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions, after
certain verbs to create more complex sentences, are also as part of idiomatic expressions. Bearing this information
in mind, read the sentence below:
"Anna normally goes running at �ve o'clock am due to her busy lifestyle."
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
subject
indirect object
 part of an idiomatic expression
subject complement
 direct object
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:52:28
Explicação:
Answer key: part of an idiomatic expression
Feedback:
Part of an idiomatic expression (ANSWER) - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer
to someone's (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb, which
is not the case at play.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct
objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
 
'' Running �ve kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength.''
 
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
Indirect object
Part of an idiomatic expression
Direct object
Subject complement
 Subject
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:52:49
Explicação:
Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to
someone¿s (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Gerund Clauses can be present in a variety of texts. Chances are these non-�nite type of subordinate clauses be
employed in Literary Texts. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following passage from 1984:
 
''By sitting in the alcove, and keeping well back, Winston was able to remain outside the range of the telescreen, so
far as sight went. He could be heard, of course, but so long as he stayed in his present position he could not be seen.
It was partly the unusual geography of the room that had suggested to him the thing that he was now about to do.''
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Source: http://www.uzickagimnazija.edu.rs/�les/Catcher%20in%20the%20Rye.pdf     
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clauses highlighted in the passage above?
Subject
 Adverbial
Indirect object
Subject complement
Direct object
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:53:56
Explicação:
Adverbial (ANSWER) - When a gerund clause is used to indicate the manner through which something was done, the
Gerund Clause operates as an adverb.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb or verbal
expression (i.e. feel like), which is not the case in question.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Consider the following passage from The Pit and The Pendulum:
 
"The agony of suspense grew at length intolerable, and I cautiously moved forward, with my arms extended, and my
eyes straining from their sockets, in the hope of catching some faint ray of light."
 
Source: https://poestories.com/read/pit
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
 
 Prepositional complement
Subject complement
Direct object
Subject
Indirect object
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:54:13
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Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a
preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what
happens in the example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as a subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Non-�nite to-in�nitive clauses are always dependent, they, therefore, either complete oradd information to the
main clause. Mark the only option in which the to-in�nitive clause is not the object of the main verb:
She often tried to provoke Darcy.
 To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
He meant to make enquiries at Clapham.
He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
She wanted to persuade herself.
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:54:57
Explicação:
The to-in�nitive clause in To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place plays the role of circumstantial
adjunct, af�rming the purpose of the action described by the main verb. . In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with
money,  She wanted to persuade herself, He meant to make enquiries at Clapham and She often tried to provoke Darcy
they complete the main verb, playing the role of objects.
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Think is a verb that, like understand and realize, describe a mental process. Mark the alternative in which there is a
main verb implying a mental process followed by a to-in�nitive introduced by a wh-word.
 I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
 Those men wished to ask him a thousand questions.
We attempted to carry him into the cabin.
At �rst, I perceived that he tried to suppress his emotion.
He hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant's house.
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:56:01
Explicação:
The only verb above which entails a cognitive process is "knew". Besides, it is followed by a to-in�nitive clause introduced
by "how". Other possible verbs would be:
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assume
perceive
prove
show
think
understand
Therefore, the correct answer is: I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
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Relative clauses are dependent clauses that work as postmodi�ers inside noun phrases and are introduced by
relative pronouns. Bearing this in mind, choose the option that highlights a grammatically correct example of a
relative clause.
Every day, I wake up at seven o'clock and go straight to the gym to work out.
 Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
Because of his magni�cent talent, Mozart was sponsored by rich men back in his days.
Considering our monthly costs, we will have to move to a cheaper warehouse.
Studying Grammar and listening to real conversation were the strategies she used to become �uent in
German.
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:57:41
Explicação:
Answer: Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
Feedback: Relative clauses are part of the noun phrase and give extra information about the modi�ed noun. They are
preceded by a relative pronoun that plays the role of subject in the clause. The example of relative clause in the options
above is that actually performs his job correctly. Therefore, "Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee
that actually performs his job correctly" is correct. The other options present examples of adverbial clauses, coordinate
clauses and nominal clauses.
Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
Reduced present participle clauses may have two forms: basic and perfective. Bearing it in mind, read the sentences
below:
I - the girl _______________ a red dress studies with me at the Santa Ana School
II - _______________ the test before everyone, she left the room and waited outside.
Considering that sentence I presents a basic form and sentence II, a perfective form, choose the option that �lls in
the gaps correctly.
I - wearing, II - �nishing.
I - worn, II - �nishing.
I - having worn, II - having �nished.
I - worn, II - having �nished.
 I - wearing; II - having �nished.
Respondido em 31/03/2023 20:58:25
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Explicação:
Answer: I - wearing; II - having �nished.
Feedback: Reduced present participle clauses in their basic structure are formed by -ing participles. In their perfective
form, they are introduced by the auxiliary have and a participle ending in - ed. Therefore, only "I - wearing; II - having
�nished" is correct.