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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA - RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS    
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	201903209307
	Acertos: 1,0 de 10,0
	07/08/2023
		1a
          Questão
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	Participles are structured into two forms: present and past. These special classes of non-finite forms present multiple uses in the English language. They are part of Perfect and Progressive verb tenses, are included in Passive sentences, and can also be exploited to simplify more complex sentence structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Used carefully, the Internet can provide us with up-to-date information on a variety of topics."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
		
	
	simplify an adjective clause
	
	devise a progressive verb tense
	 
	form a passive structure
	 
	simplify an adverbial clause
	
	refer to a perfect verb tense
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:04:57
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adverbial clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify an adverbial clause of condition: "If it is used carefully, ...". Since the sentence in question refers to a conditional meaning, it cannot be a reduced adjective clause. Also, the sentence is in the active voice, which means that the highlighted participle is not part of a passive structure. Finally, the verb tense is neither perfect nor progressive.
	
		2a
          Questão
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	Participles present multiple uses in the English language. For instance, they can take part in Perfect and Progressive verb tenses. Another important use has to do with simplifying more complex sentence structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Standing in the queue, I realized I had forgotten my wallet at home."
The participle form in the sentence is used to simplify:
		
	 
	An adverbial clause of time
	 
	An adverbial clause of condition
	
	A restrictive adjective clause
	
	An adverbial clause of manner
	
	A non-restrictive adjective clause
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:04:48
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: An adverbial clause of time
Feedback:
The participle form in this example is used to simplify an adverbial clause of time. It replaces the following structure: "While I was standing in the queue, ...". Since the sentence conveys an adverbial meaning it cannot refer to an adjective clause. Additionally, it refers to "when" an action took place, which means that "condition" and "manner" are not being expressed by the sentence.
	
		3a
          Questão
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	Participles are special classes of non-finite forms that present many uses in the English language. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"My friend Anna, dressed in a very formal way, was invited to a meeting at the White House."
The participle form in the sentence is used to:
		
	
	refer to a perfect verb tense
	 
	simplify an adjective clause
	
	form a passive structure
	 
	devise a progressive verb tense
	
	simplify an adverbial clause
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:04:51
	
	Explicação:
Answer key: simplify an adjective clause
Feedback:
The participle form in this case is used to simplify a non-restrictive adjective clause (i.e. a clause which has extra information on the subject and is placed between commas). In the case above, the simplified non-restrictive adjective clause is: ", who was dressed , ".
	
		4a
          Questão
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	Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
"Running five kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength."
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
		
	
	Subject complement
	 
	Subject
	 
	Part of an idiomatic expression
	
	Indirect object
	
	Direct object
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:14
	
	Explicação:
· Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
· Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
· Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
· Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
· Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
	
		5a
          Questão
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	Gerund clauses possess the common syntactic functions of nouns. It means they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and so on. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following sentence:
 
 
'' Running five kilometers at a good pace requires technique and strength.''
 
 
A gerund form in the sentence above was used as:
		
	
	Direct object
	
	Subject complement
	 
	Subject
	
	Part of an idiomatic expression
	
	Indirect object
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:21
	
	Explicação:
Subject (ANSWER) - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence
Part of an idiomatic expression - The structure GO + GERUND is a typical idiomatic expression used to refer to someone¿s (recreational) activity.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs.
	
		6a
          Questão
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	Gerunds comprise a special class of non-finite forms present in the English language. They can be used to perform a variety of syntactic functions depending on the type of transitivity a sentence presents. Sometimes, they are required as part of a more complex structures. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
 
''My generation and I used to give reading books most of our free-time.''
 
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
		
	
	Subject 
	 
	Prepositional complement
	 
	Indirect object
	
	Subject complement
	
	Direct object
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:24
	
	Explicação:
Indirect object (ANSWER) - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the first object of ditransitive verbs. In the example above, the verb give is ditransitive, whose indirect and direct objects are, respectively, reading books and most of our free-time.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb, which is not the case in question.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized
	
		7a
          Questão
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	A to-infinitive clause may play the role of subject, object, adjunct and even object complement. Choose the option in which the infinitive clause plays the role of object complement:
		
	 
	Sir William's interruption has made me forget everything.
	 
	She wanted to persuade herself.
	
	To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
	
	He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
	
	He was coming to us in order to assure us of his concern.
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:26
	
	Explicação:
All the alternatives above were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Availableat: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
 
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place and He was coming to us in order to assure us of his concern contain examples in which the to-infinitive clauses function as circumstantial adjuncts, they provide us with the reason why. In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money and She wanted to persuade herself, they complete the main verb, playing the role of objects. At last, in Sir William's interruption has made me forget everything, the bare-infinitive clause operates as an object complement, since "forget everything" is connected to the object "me".
	
		8a
          Questão
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	Clauses can be divided into two groups: finite and non-finite. Mark the option displaying a non-finite clause:
		
	 
	One does not know what to think.
	
	Don't you know there is an express come for master from Mr. Gardiner?
	 
	We will know where we have gone.
	
	I know you will contrive it all.
	
	We both know that he has been profligate in every sense of the word.
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:28
	
	Explicação:
All the options were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
	
		9a
          Questão
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	Relative clauses are dependent clauses that work as postmodifiers inside noun phrases and are introduced by relative pronouns. Bearing this in mind, choose the option that highlights a grammatically correct example of a relative clause.
		
	
	Studying Grammar and listening to real conversation were the strategies she used to become fluent in German.
	
	Every day, I wake up at seven o'clock and go straight to the gym to work out.
	 
	Because of his magnificent talent, Mozart was sponsored by rich men back in his days.
	
	Considering our monthly costs, we will have to move to a cheaper warehouse.
	 
	Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:31
	
	Explicação:
Answer: Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly.
Feedback: Relative clauses are part of the noun phrase and give extra information about the modified noun. They are preceded by a relative pronoun that plays the role of subject in the clause. The example of relative clause in the options above is that actually performs his job correctly. Therefore, "Despite his problematic attitude, he is the only employee that actually performs his job correctly" is correct. The other options present examples of adverbial clauses, coordinate clauses and nominal clauses.
	
		10a
          Questão
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	RPCs are commonly employed in academic discourse due to their power to make the texts more persuasive through nominalization. In which of the clauses in bold, the verb of the clause appears in its participle (nominalized) form?
		
	 
	The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
	 
	Because she has been unable to work since January, her family is going through difficult times.
	
	Although she lied to me several times, I still choose to stay with her.
	
	Whenever Jessica understands the power she has, she becomes a good manager.
	
	If you make your investment more constant, you will tend to have better earnings with your money.
	Respondido em 07/08/2023 11:05:32
	
	Explicação:
Answer: The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
Feedback: Nominalizing sentences through turning subordinate clauses into reduced ones is done through the deletion of the subject of the subordinate clause and the be verb and the transformation of the tense verb in a participle form. Thus the only option which presents such a case is "The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country".