<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg1.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">1 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y6 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">ESCUELA NACIONAL DE <span class="blank _2"></span>CIENCIAS </div><div class="t m0 x7 h4 y7 ff2 fs2 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">BIOLÓGICAS <span class="ff3 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y8 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">QUÍMICO BACTERIOLOGO PARASITOLOGO <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y9 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Biología Celular de Eucariotes <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h6 ya ff4 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Práctica 17<span class="ls4">: </span>Cariotipo </div><div class="t m0 xb h7 yb ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Equipo: 1<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h8 yc ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> <span class="ff6 ws1">\u2756</span> Alvarado Solís Esau <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h8 yd ff6 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws1">\u2756<span class="ff5 ws3"> Cabrera Caballero Joslay <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 ye ff6 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0">\u2756<span class="ff5 ls2 ws3"> Cruz Cortés Blanca Estela <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h8 yf ff6 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls1">\u2756<span class="ff5 ls2 ws3"> Guillen Juárez Jessica Daniela <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h8 y10 ff6 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws1">\u2756<span class="ff5 ws3"> Martínez Hernández Jesus Enrique<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h5 y11 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> <span class="ff2 fs3 ws2">GRUPO:</span><span class="fs3"> 1QM2 <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h9 y12 ff2 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">PROFESORES: <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h7 y13 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">MARIO ALBERTO <span class="blank _2"></span>G<span class="blank _3"> </span>ODINEZ RODRIGUEZ <span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h7 y14 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">ISAAC CRUZ MÁRQUEZ BENÍTE<span class="blank _2"></span>Z <span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 y15 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">JOSÉ ANGEL SE<span class="blank _2"></span>RNA H<span class="blank _3"> </span>ERNÁNDEZ<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y16 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h7 y17 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y18 ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y19 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y1a ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x16 y1b w3 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg2.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">2 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y1c ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws4">Introducción<span class="ff3 fs1 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Un cariotipo<span class="ff7 fs5 ls5"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>s la <span class="blank _3"> </span>organización de los cromosomas de <span class="blank _3"> </span>una especie, célula, órgano, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1e ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">tumor <span class="blank _0"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>tc., <span class="blank _0"> </span>permite <span class="blank _4"> </span>conoce<span class="blank _2"></span>r <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>l <span class="blank _4"> </span>núm<span class="blank _3"> </span>ero <span class="blank _4"> </span>y <span class="blank _4"> </span>la <span class="blank _4"> </span>estructura <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>los <span class="blank _4"> </span>crom<span class="blank _3"> </span>osomas, <span class="blank _0"> </span>es </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1f ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">importan<span class="blank _2"></span>te <span class="blank _2"></span>para ca<span class="blank _2"></span>racterizar <span class="blank _2"></span>las <span class="blank _2"></span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>species. <span class="blank _2"></span>En <span class="blank _2"></span>genética<span class="blank _2"></span> cl<span class="blank _2"></span>ínica <span class="blank _2"></span>permite <span class="blank _2"></span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>l <span class="blank _2"></span>diagnóstico </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y20 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">de síndro<span class="blank _2"></span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>es y patologías que im<span class="blank _3"> </span>plican anormalidades dentro de los cromosomas, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y21 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">que <span class="blank _2"></span>pueden <span class="blank _2"></span>cau<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>ar <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>no <span class="blank _2"></span>feno<span class="blank _2"></span>tipos d<span class="blank _2"></span>et<span class="blank _3"> </span>erminados. <span class="blank _2"></span>Aún<span class="blank _2"></span> e<span class="blank _2"></span>n <span class="blank _2"></span>la g<span class="blank _2"></span>enómica, <span class="blank _2"></span>los <span class="blank _2"></span>cariotipos </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y22 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">son <span class="blank _5"> </span>importantes <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _5"> </span>diagnóstico <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>síndromes <span class="blank _5"> </span>asociados <span class="blank _5"> </span>con <span class="blank _5"> </span>anomalías <span class="blank _6"> </span>en <span class="blank _5"> </span>el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y23 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">número<span class="blank _2"></span> o la estructura de los cromosomas<span class="ff7 fs5 ls6">.</span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y24 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El número normal de cromosomas en <span class="blank _3"> </span>la especie humana es de 44 <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff2">autosomas </span>(22 </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y25 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">pares) <span class="blank _2"></span>y 2 <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosomas sexuales (1<span class="blank _2"></span> par), den<span class="blank _2"></span>ominados <span class="ff2 ls8 ws5">XX</span> para mu<span class="blank _2"></span>jeres y <span class="ff2 ls8 ws5">XY</span> en <span class="blank _2"></span>el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hd y26 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">caso de los hombres. Un cari<span class="blank _3"> </span>otipo (del griego, significa \u201cnúcleo\u201d) es l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a composición </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y27 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosómi<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>a de un individuo.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y28 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls7 ws3"> <span class="ff1 fs1 ls2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y29 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Una <span class="blank _5"> </span>part<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"> </span>impo<span class="blank _2"></span>rta<span class="blank _3"> </span>nte <span class="blank _6"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>cromosom<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>es <span class="blank _6"> </span>el <span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="ff2 ws4">centrómero</span>, <span class="blank _6"> </span>región <span class="blank _5"> </span>más <span class="blank _6"> </span>estrecha <span class="blank _6"> </span>del </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2a ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span> a la cua<span class="blank _3"> </span>l se unen las fibras del huso mitótico dur<span class="blank _3"> </span>ante la división.<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Los <span class="blank _2"></span>centró<span class="blank _2"></span>meros de<span class="blank _2"></span>finen <span class="blank _2"></span>la <span class="blank _2"></span>estructura <span class="blank _2"></span>y <span class="blank _2"></span>forma <span class="blank _2"></span>de<span class="blank _2"></span> l<span class="blank _2"></span>os <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosomas, <span class="blank _2"></span>qu<span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>se <span class="blank _2"></span>clasifican </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">según<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>su <span class="blank _5"> </span>posición <span class="blank _5"> </span>relativa <span class="blank _5"> </span>(la <span class="blank _5"> </span>del <span class="blank _3"> </span>cent<span class="blank _3"> </span>rómero) <span class="blank _5"> </span>hacia<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>un <span class="blank _3"> </span>extremo <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>en <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>ce<span class="blank _3"> </span>nt<span class="blank _3"> </span>ro <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span>l </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws6">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2e ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El ce<span class="blank _2"></span>ntrómero divide al<span class="blank _2"></span> cromosoma en d<span class="blank _2"></span>os brazos. El<span class="blank _2"></span> más largo se<span class="blank _2"></span> denomina q <span class="blank _2"></span>y el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y2f ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">más p<span class="blank _2"></span>equeño se <span class="blank _2"></span>conoc<span class="blank _3"> </span>e co<span class="blank _2"></span>mo p. Así, <span class="blank _2"></span>en fun<span class="blank _2"></span>ción de la l<span class="blank _2"></span>ongitud de <span class="blank _2"></span>los brazos de l<span class="blank _2"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y30 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s d<span class="blank _3"> </span>efinida por la posición del<span class="blank _2"></span> centrómero encontramos:<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y31 ff3 fs0 fc4 sc0 ls9 ws7">1.<span class="ff2 ls2 ws3"> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Cromosomas<span class="blank _2"></span> meta<span class="blank _3"> </span>céntricos:<span class="ff5 fc3"> Tienen los dos brazos de igual tamaño.<span class="blank _3"> </span></span><span class="ff3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y32 ff3 fs0 fc5 sc0 ls9 ws7">2.<span class="ff2 ls2 ws3"> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Cromosomas<span class="blank _2"></span> submetacéntricos:<span class="ff5 fc3"> C<span class="blank _3"> </span>omprenden un bra<span class="blank _2"></span>zo de mayor tamaño </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y33 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">que el<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>otro.<span class="ff3 fc5"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y34 ff3 fs0 fc6 sc0 ls9 ws7">3.<span class="ff2 ls2 ws3"> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Cromosomas<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>telocéntricos:<span class="ff5 fc7"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc3">En<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>los <span class="blank _8"></span>que <span class="blank _8"></span>el <span class="blank _8"></span>centrómero <span class="blank _8"></span>está <span class="blank _8"></span>más <span class="blank _8"></span>desplazado </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y35 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">y en los que el b<span class="blank _2"></span>razo pequeño mucho más corto que el brazo largo.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff3 fc6"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y36 ff3 fs0 fc8 sc0 ls9 ws7">4.<span class="ff2 ls2 ws3"> <span class="blank _7"> </span>Cromosomas<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>acrocéntricos: <span class="blank _6"> </span><span class="ff5 fc3">Los <span class="blank _6"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue <span class="blank _6"> </span>el <span class="blank _6"> </span>ce<span class="blank _3"> </span>ntrómero <span class="blank _6"> </span>está <span class="blank _6"> </span>ta<span class="blank _3"> </span>n <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span>splaz<span class="blank _3"> </span>ado </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y37 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">hacia<span class="blank _2"></span> u<span class="blank _3"> </span>n extremo que prácti<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>amente no tienen brazos pequeños.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff3 fc8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y38 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x1a y39 w4 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg3.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">3 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Las <span class="blank _2"></span>consecuencias de <span class="blank _2"></span>una <span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>berración cromo<span class="blank _2"></span>sómica dependen<span class="blank _2"></span> de los <span class="blank _2"></span>genes que <span class="blank _2"></span>se </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3a ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">afectan <span class="blank _5"> </span>y <span class="blank _6"> </span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _6"> </span>tipo <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>célula <span class="blank _6"> </span>en <span class="blank _6"> </span>la <span class="blank _6"> </span>que <span class="blank _6"> </span>esta <span class="blank _6"> </span>alteración <span class="blank _6"> </span>se <span class="blank _6"> </span>presenta. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Si <span class="blank _5"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>aberración </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">ocurre <span class="blank _a"> </span>en <span class="blank _4"> </span>u<span class="blank _2"></span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>célula <span class="blank _a"> </span>somática <span class="blank _a"> </span>(n<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>r<span class="blank _3"> </span>eproductiva), <span class="blank _a"> </span>las <span class="blank _a"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>onsecuencias <span class="blank _a"> </span>su<span class="blank _3"> </span>elen <span class="blank _a"> </span>ser </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">mínimas <span class="blank"> </span>porque <span class="blank _b"> </span>pocas <span class="blank _b"> </span>células <span class="blank _b"> </span>del <span class="blank _b"> </span>cuerpo<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _b"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _b"> </span>afectan. <span class="blank"> </span>No <span class="blank _b"> </span>obstante, <span class="blank _b"> </span>en <span class="blank _b"> </span>raras </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">ocasiones <span class="blank _3"> </span>es <span class="blank _5"> </span>posible <span class="blank _5"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>una <span class="blank _5"> </span>célula <span class="blank _5"> </span>somática<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>con <span class="blank _5"> </span>una <span class="blank _3"> </span>aberración <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>con<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _3"> </span>ierta <span class="blank _5"> </span>en </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3e ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">una <span class="blank _3"> </span>célula <span class="blank _5"> </span>maligna, <span class="blank _5"> </span>que<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>puede <span class="blank _5"> </span>crecer <span class="blank _5"> </span>hacia<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>un <span class="blank _5"> </span>tumor <span class="blank _5"> </span>canceroso. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Las <span class="blank _3"> </span>alteraciones </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3f ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosómi<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>oc<span class="blank _3"> </span>urren <span class="blank _5"> </span>dur<span class="blank _3"> </span>ante <span class="blank _5"> </span>la <span class="blank _5"> </span>meiosis <span class="blank _6"> </span>(en <span class="blank _5"> </span>especial <span class="blank _5"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>resultad<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>un </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y40 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">mecani<span class="blank _2"></span>sm<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>entrecruzamiento <span class="blank _4"> </span>anormal) <span class="blank _4"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ueden <span class="blank _4"> </span>transmitirse <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>la <span class="blank _0"> </span>generación </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y41 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws8">siguiente<span class="blank _2"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y42 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y43 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Competencias </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y44 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">1.<span class="ls2 ws3">- Construye un cariotipo humano con <span class="blank _3"> </span>base en el sistema Denve<span class="blank _2"></span>r<span class="blank _3"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y45 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">2- <span class="blank"> </span>Determina <span class="blank"> </span>el <span class="blank"> </span>sexo <span class="blank"> </span>y <span class="blank"> </span>la <span class="blank"> </span>presencia <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>alguna <span class="blank"> </span>anormalidad <span class="blank"> </span>cromosó<span class="blank _3"> </span>mica <span class="blank"> </span>en </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y46 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cariotipos. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y47 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Hipótesis </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y48 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="blank"> </span>partir <span class="blank _0"> </span>del <span class="blank"> </span>estudio <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>los <span class="blank"> </span>ca<span class="blank _2"></span>riotipo<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank"> </span>, <span class="blank"> </span>se<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>espera<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>identificar <span class="blank"> </span>como <span class="blank"> </span>es <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>l </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y49 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cariogram<span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _8"></span>i<span class="blank _3"> </span>ndividuo <span class="blank _2"></span>sano <span class="blank _8"></span>y <span class="blank _2"></span>como <span class="blank _2"></span>seria<span class="blank _2"></span> e<span class="blank _2"></span>l de<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>un <span class="blank _2"></span>individuo <span class="blank _8"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>pr<span class="blank _2"></span>esenta </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4a ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">alguna <span class="blank _9"> </span>ano<span class="blank _3"> </span>malía <span class="blank _9"> </span>en <span class="blank _9"> </span>el <span class="blank _9"> </span>número <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _c"> </span>la <span class="blank _9"> </span>forma <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>los <span class="blank _9"> </span>cromosomas, <span class="blank _9"> </span>así <span class="blank _c"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4b ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">nombre de esta y que consecuencia<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>esenca<span class="blank _2"></span>dena en el po<span class="blank _3"> </span>rtador. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4c ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Resultados </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y4d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Primero <span class="blank _8"></span>se contaron <span class="blank _2"></span>el <span class="blank _2"></span>número <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosomas <span class="blank _2"></span>totales <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>tenemos para<span class="blank _2"></span> confirma<span class="blank _2"></span>r<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y4e ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">que hay 46 cromo<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>omas en el cariotipo.<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y4f ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1b h3 y50 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x1c y51 w5 hf" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg4.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">4 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Una <span class="blank _2"></span>vez que <span class="blank _2"></span>se contabilizaron lo<span class="blank _2"></span>s 46 cromo<span class="blank _2"></span>somas , se <span class="blank _2"></span>procede a separa<span class="blank _2"></span>r cada u<span class="blank _2"></span>no<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3a ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">de <span class="blank _5"> </span>ellos <span class="blank _5"> </span>por <span class="blank _5"> </span>medio <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>sus <span class="blank _5"> </span>características <span class="blank _5"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>poder <span class="blank _5"> </span>clasificarlos <span class="blank _5"> </span>en <span class="blank _5"> </span>grupos. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Para </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">ello<span class="blank _2"></span> us<span class="blank _3"> </span>amos como guía la clasifica<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ión de Denver la cual dice<span class="blank _2"></span> l<span class="blank _3"> </span>os siguiente:<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y52 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GRUPO A:metacéntrico<span class="blank _2"></span>s grandes \u2026<span class="blank _3"> </span>\u20263pare<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y53 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GRUPO B:submetacen<span class="blank _2"></span>tric<span class="blank _3"> </span>os g<span class="ff8">randes\u2026\u20262 pares<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y54 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GRUPO C:submetacentrico<span class="blank _2"></span>s mediano<span class="blank _3"> </span>s\u2026\u20267 pares<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y55 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GRUPO D:acrocen<span class="blank _2"></span>tricos <span class="blank _3"> </span>grandes\u2026\u20263 pares<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y56 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GEUPO E:submetacen<span class="blank _2"></span>tricos pequeño<span class="blank _3"> </span>s\u2026\u20263 pares<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y57 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GRUPO F:metacéntricos pe<span class="blank _2"></span>queños\u2026<span class="blank _3"> </span>\u20262 pares<span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y58 ff8 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">GEUPO G:acrocentricos pe<span class="blank _2"></span>queños\u2026<span class="blank _3"> </span>\u2026 2 pares<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y59 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y5a ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Gracias <span class="blank _6"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>la <span class="blank _9"> </span>info<span class="blank _2"></span>rmación <span class="blank _9"> </span>anterior <span class="blank _9"> </span>se <span class="blank _9"> </span>logró<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>separar <span class="blank _9"> </span>cada <span class="blank _6"> </span>cromosoma <span class="blank _9"> </span>en <span class="blank _9"> </span>su <span class="blank _9"> </span>gru<span class="blank _2"></span>po </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y5b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">correspondiente<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>y <span class="blank _c"> </span>así <span class="blank _a"> </span>poder <span class="blank _c"> </span>dejar <span class="blank _a"> </span>los <span class="blank _c"> </span>cromosomas <span class="blank _c"> </span>sex<span class="blank _3"> </span>uales <span class="blank _c"> </span>al <span class="blank _c"> </span>fi<span class="blank _3"> </span>nal <span class="blank _c"> </span>para<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>poder </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y5c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">defini<span class="blank _2"></span>r si e<span class="blank _3"> </span>l cariotipo es de un hombre o mujer.<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y5d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1d h3 y5e ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5f ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y60 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Al <span class="blank _d"> </span>terminar <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>formar <span class="blank _d"> </span>el <span class="blank _d"> </span>cariotipo <span class="blank _d"> </span>podemos <span class="blank _d"> </span>observar <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _b"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>ertenece <span class="blank _d"> </span>al <span class="blank _d"> </span>sexo </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y61 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">masculino. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Posteriormente <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>debe <span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>dentificar <span class="blank _4"> </span>si <span class="blank _4"> </span>exist<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>la <span class="blank _4"> </span>presencia <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>alguna </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y62 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">anomalía <span class="blank _c"> </span>en <span class="blank _a"> </span>lo<span class="blank _2"></span>s <span class="blank _a"> </span>cromosomas <span class="blank _c"> </span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>el <span class="blank _c"> </span>caso <span class="blank _a"> </span>de <span class="blank _c"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _a"> </span>haploidía<span class="ls7">, <span class="blank _c"> </span></span>poliploidía<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>o <span class="blank _a"> </span>una </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y63 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">aneuploid<span class="blank _2"></span>ía ya <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>esto <span class="blank _2"></span>provoca <span class="blank _2"></span>una <span class="blank _2"></span>alteración <span class="blank _2"></span>anormal <span class="blank _2"></span>en <span class="blank _2"></span>el ca<span class="blank _2"></span>riotipo <span class="blank _2"></span>dando <span class="blank _2"></span>como </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y64 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">resultado di<span class="blank _2"></span>sti<span class="blank _3"> </span>ntos tipos de<span class="blank _2"></span> síndr<span class="blank _3"> </span>omes o incluso<span class="blank _2"></span> ma<span class="blank _3"> </span>l formaciones en el individuo<span class="blank _2"></span> .<span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x1e y65 w6 h10" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg5.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">5 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">En <span class="blank _a"> </span>nuestro <span class="blank _a"> </span>caso <span class="blank _a"> </span>el <span class="blank _a"> </span>cariotipo <span class="blank _4"> </span>q<span class="blank _2"></span>ue <span class="blank _a"> </span>formamos <span class="blank _a"> </span>es <span class="blank _4"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>u<span class="blank _2"></span>n <span class="blank _4"> </span>h<span class="blank _2"></span>ombre <span class="blank _a"> </span>y <span class="blank _4"> </span>n<span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>cu<span class="blank _2"></span>enta <span class="blank _a"> </span>con </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y3a ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">alteraciones en e<span class="blank _2"></span>l cariotipo , <span class="blank _3"> </span>por lo que podemos deducir que está sano.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1 fs1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y1e ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Discusión </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y66 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El <span class="blank _8"></span>aná<span class="blank _2"></span>lisis <span class="blank _8"></span>del <span class="blank _8"></span>cariotipo <span class="blank _8"></span>examina <span class="blank _8"></span>el<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _8"></span>tam<span class="blank _3"> </span>año, <span class="blank _8"></span>la<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _8"></span>forma <span class="blank _8"></span>y <span class="blank _8"></span>el <span class="blank _8"></span>número <span class="blank _8"></span>de <span class="blank _8"></span>l<span class="blank _2"></span>os <span class="blank _8"></span>cromosomas, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y53 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">estos <span class="blank _9"> </span>son <span class="blank _c"> </span>las <span class="blank _c"> </span>partes <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>as <span class="blank _c"> </span>células <span class="blank _c"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>contienen <span class="blank _c"> </span>los <span class="blank _c"> </span>genes. <span class="blank _c"> </span>Dichos <span class="blank _c"> </span>genes <span class="blank _9"> </span>son </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y67 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">partes <span class="blank _6"> </span>del <span class="blank _6"> </span>ADN <span class="blank _6"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue <span class="blank _6"> </span>se <span class="blank _9"> </span>heredan <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"> </span>madre <span class="blank _6"> </span>y <span class="blank _9"> </span>el<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>padre <span class="blank _6"> </span>y<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>llevan <span class="blank _6"> </span>información <span class="blank _6"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y68 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">determina <span class="blank _8"></span>características <span class="blank _8"></span>ún<span class="blank _3"> </span>icas, <span class="blank _8"></span>com<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"></span>la <span class="blank _2"></span>estatura, <span class="blank _8"></span>color <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _8"></span>los o<span class="blank _2"></span>jos, <span class="blank _8"></span>t<span class="blank _3"> </span>ipo <span class="blank _8"></span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>cabello, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y69 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">entre otros. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y6a ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y6b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Para <span class="blank _3"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>caso <span class="blank _3"> </span>estudiado <span class="blank _3"> </span>durante <span class="blank _3"> </span>el <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span>sarrollo <span class="blank _3"> </span>práctico, <span class="blank _3"> </span>al <span class="blank _3"> </span>realizar <span class="blank _5"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>l <span class="blank _5"> </span>o<span class="blank _2"></span>rdenamiento <span class="blank _3"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y6c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">iden<span class="blank _2"></span>tific<span class="blank _3"> </span>ación <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>cada <span class="blank _5"> </span>par <span class="blank _6"> </span>cromosómico, <span class="blank _5"> </span>observamos <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>trata <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>un <span class="blank _5"> </span>individuo </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y6d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">de <span class="blank _b"> </span>sexo <span class="blank _b"> </span>masculino <span class="blank _b"> </span>y <span class="blank _d"> </span>sano<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _d"> </span>ya <span class="blank _b"> </span>que <span class="blank _b"> </span>presenta <span class="blank _b"> </span>el <span class="blank _b"> </span>total <span class="blank _b"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>23 <span class="blank _b"> </span>cromosomas <span class="blank _b"> </span>sin </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y45 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">alteraciones que<span class="blank _2"></span> p<span class="blank _3"> </span>udieran causar alguna cromo<span class="blank _2"></span>so<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="lsb wsa">mo</span>patía. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y6e ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Conclusión </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y6f ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El <span class="blank _4"> </span>equipo <span class="blank _a"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>ogró <span class="blank _4"> </span>compre<span class="blank _2"></span>nder <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _a"> </span>el <span class="blank _4"> </span>término <span class="blank _4"> </span>hace <span class="blank _4"> </span>r<span class="blank _2"></span>eferencia <span class="blank _a"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>la <span class="blank"> </span>dotación </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y48 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosómica<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _6"> </span>de <span class="blank _6"> </span>una <span class="blank _6"> </span>persona <span class="blank _6"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"> </span>una <span class="blank _6"> </span>espe<span class="blank _2"></span>cie. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Esto <span class="blank _6"> </span>quiere <span class="blank _6"> </span>decir <span class="blank _5"> </span>q<span class="blank _3"> </span>ue, <span class="blank _6"> </span>cuando </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y49 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">hablamos <span class="blank _e"> </span>del <span class="blank _e"> </span>cariotipo <span class="blank _e"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _e"> </span>una <span class="blank _f"> </span>persona, <span class="blank _e"> </span>nos <span class="blank _e"> </span>referimos <span class="blank _f"> </span>al <span class="blank _e"> </span>conju<span class="blank _3"> </span>nto <span class="blank _e"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4a ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s <span class="blank _f"> </span>que <span class="blank _f"> </span>tiene <span class="blank _f"> </span>cada <span class="blank _f"> </span>una <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>sus <span class="blank _f"> </span>células. <span class="blank _f"> </span>Nos <span class="blank _10"> </span>permite <span class="blank _10"> </span>detectar </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4b ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">anomalías en el número o la forma de los<span class="blank _3"> </span> cromosomas<span class="blank _2"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y4c ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">La <span class="blank"> </span>prueba <span class="blank _4"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>ca<span class="blank _2"></span>riotipo <span class="blank"> </span>ex<span class="blank _2"></span>amina <span class="blank"> </span>el <span class="blank"> </span>ta<span class="blank _2"></span>maño, <span class="blank"> </span>la <span class="blank _0"> </span>forma<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>y <span class="blank"> </span>el <span class="blank _4"> </span>nú<span class="blank _3"> </span>mero <span class="blank"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>los<span class="blank _8"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y70 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s. El cuerpo h<span class="blank _2"></span>umano es<span class="blank _2"></span> complejo<span class="blank _2"></span> en <span class="blank _2"></span>cuanto a<span class="blank _2"></span> los<span class="blank _2"></span> cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s de </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y71 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cada <span class="blank _c"> </span>especie, <span class="blank _c"> </span>pues <span class="blank _c"> </span>p<span class="blank _3"> </span>oseen <span class="blank _9"> </span>u<span class="blank _3"> </span>na <span class="blank _c"> </span>serie <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _c"> </span>características, <span class="blank _c"> </span>como <span class="blank _c"> </span>la <span class="blank _c"> </span>forma, <span class="blank _c"> </span>el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y72 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">tamaño, <span class="blank _2"></span>la <span class="blank _2"></span>posición <span class="blank _8"></span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>el <span class="blank _2"></span>centrómero <span class="blank _2"></span>y <span class="blank _2"></span>las <span class="blank _2"></span>bandas <span class="blank _2"></span>que <span class="blank _2"></span>presentan <span class="blank _2"></span>al <span class="blank _2"></span>teñirs<span class="blank _2"></span>e, <span class="blank _2"></span>que </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y73 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">permiten diferenciar<span class="blank _2"></span>los un<span class="blank _3"> </span>os de otros.<span class="blank _3"> </span>g- </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y74 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y75 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cuestionario </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y76 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">1.<span class="ls2 ws3">- ¿<span class="blank _3"> </span>Porque<span class="blank _2"></span> es importante la formación de un cariotipo?<span class="blank _3"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y77 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Nos <span class="blank _5"> </span>p<span class="blank _2"></span>ermite <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff2">detectar <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _2"></span>nomalía<span class="blank _3"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>en <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>úmero <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>la <span class="blank _5"> </span>forma <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>cromo<span class="blank _2"></span>somas<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff5 ls7">. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y78 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Una <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _c"> </span>las <span class="blank _a"> </span>apl<span class="blank _2"></span>icaci<span class="blank _3"> </span>ones <span class="blank _c"> </span>más <span class="blank _c"> </span>conocidas <span class="blank _a"> </span>es <span class="blank _c"> </span>el <span class="blank _c"> </span>diagnóstico <span class="blank _c"> </span>prenatal <span class="blank _c"> </span>temprano <span class="blank _c"> </span>de<span class="blank _3"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y79 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">alteraciones <span class="blank _3"> </span>cromosómicas <span class="blank _3"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>puedan des<span class="blank _3"> </span>embocar <span class="blank _3"> </span>en <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>iferentes <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff2">enfermedades </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y7a ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">o trastornos genéticos<span class="ff5">, como <span class="blank _3"> </span>el Síndrome de Patau (trisomía <span class="blank _3"> </span>del cromosoma 13) </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7b ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">o el Síndro<span class="blank _2"></span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>e de Turner (monosomía del cromosoma X). </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">2.<span class="ls2 ws3">- ¿<span class="blank _3"> </span>Cuál<span class="blank _2"></span> es la diferencia entre un cariotipo y un cariograma?<span class="blank _3"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7d ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cario<span class="blank _2"></span>ti<span class="blank _3"> </span>po <span class="blank _2"></span>hace<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>referencia <span class="blank _8"></span>a l<span class="blank _2"></span>a d<span class="blank _2"></span>otación <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosómica <span class="blank _8"></span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _8"></span>una <span class="blank _2"></span>persona <span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="blank _8"></span>una <span class="blank _8"></span>e<span class="blank _3"> </span>specie. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7e ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Esto <span class="blank _8"></span>quiere <span class="blank _8"></span>decir <span class="blank _2"></span>que, <span class="blank _8"></span>cuando <span class="blank _2"></span>hablamos <span class="blank _8"></span>del <span class="blank _8"></span>car<span class="blank _3"> </span>iotipo <span class="blank _8"></span>de <span class="blank _8"></span>u<span class="blank _3"> </span>na <span class="blank _8"></span>person<span class="blank _3"> </span>a, <span class="blank _8"></span>nos <span class="blank _2"></span>referimos </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7f ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">al conjun<span class="blank _2"></span>to d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e cromosomas que<span class="blank _2"></span> ti<span class="blank _3"> </span>ene cada una de sus células. <span class="blank _3"> </span> </div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:240.240000px;bottom:111.760000px;width:124.020000px;height:14.780000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x3 y80 w7 h10" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg6.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">6 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y1c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cariograma<span class="blank _2"></span>: <span class="blank _5"> </span>Conjunto <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>los <span class="blank _5"> </span>cromosomas <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>un<span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>célula, <span class="blank _5"> </span>co<span class="blank _2"></span>nsiderad<span class="blank _3"> </span>os <span class="blank _5"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>función </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y81 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">de<span class="ls2 ws3">l número, el tamaño y la forma, típicos d<span class="blank _2"></span>e cada especie<span class="blank _5"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y82 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">3.<span class="ls2 ws3">- ¿<span class="blank _3"> </span>Cómo se cla<span class="blank _2"></span>sifican las cromosopat<span class="blank _3"> </span>ías? </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y83 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Las <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosomopatías se <span class="blank _2"></span>pueden clasificar según<span class="ff2 fc3"> el <span class="blank _2"></span>tipo<span class="blank _3"> </span> de <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosoma <span class="blank _2"></span>afectado<span class="ff5 fc9"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y84 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">(autosomopa<span class="blank _2"></span>tías o<span class="blank _2"></span> gonosomopatías) <span class="blank _8"></span>o<span class="blank _3"> </span> se<span class="blank _2"></span>gún<span class="ff2 fc3"> <span class="blank _2"></span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"></span>alteración<span class="ff5 fc9"> (nu<span class="blank _2"></span>mérica o<span class="blank _2"></span> e<span class="blank _2"></span>struct<span class="blank _3"> </span>ural)<span class="fc3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y85 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Los prin<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ipales tipos de cromosomopatías estructura<span class="blank _2"></span>les son:<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y86 ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 ws4">Adición<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> <span class="blank _3"> </span>(gana<span class="blank _2"></span>ncia de material)<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y87 ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 ws4">Deleción<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> (pérdida de<span class="blank _2"></span> material)<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y88 ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 ws4">Inversión<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> (cambio de<span class="blank _2"></span> se<span class="blank _3"> </span>ntido de un fragmento)<span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y89 ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 wsb">T<span class="blank"> </span>ranslocac<span class="blank _2"></span>ión<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> <span class="blank _3"> </span>(intercamb<span class="blank _2"></span>io de material entre cromosomas)<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y8a ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Las <span class="blank _10"> </span>cromosomopatías <span class="blank _f"> </span>numéricas <span class="blank _f"> </span>el <span class="blank _e"> </span>número<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _f"> </span>cromos<span class="blank _3"> </span>omas <span class="blank _f"> </span>es <span class="blank _f"> </span>diferente <span class="blank _f"> </span>al </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y8b ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">estipulado para<span class="blank _2"></span> l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a especie humana. Hay dos tip<span class="blank _2"></span>os:<span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y8c ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 ws4">Poliploidías:<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> <span class="blank _2"></span>el <span class="blank _2"></span>número<span class="blank _2"></span> d<span class="blank _2"></span>e <span class="blank _2"></span>cromosomas <span class="blank _2"></span>es <span class="blank _2"></span>un <span class="blank _2"></span>múlti<span class="blank _2"></span>plo <span class="blank _2"></span>exacto <span class="blank _2"></span>de <span class="blank _2"></span>la <span class="blank _8"></span>dotación </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc y8d ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">haploide <span class="blank _11"> </span>diferente <span class="blank _11"> </span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>dos. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Existen <span class="blank _11"> </span>más <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>dos <span class="blank _11"> </span>juegos <span class="blank _11"> </span>completos <span class="blank _11"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x18 hb y8e ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s h<span class="blank _3"> </span>omólogos.<span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hb y8f ff9 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls3">\u2022<span class="ff5 lsc ws3"> </span><span class="ff2 ls2 ws4">Aneuploidías:<span class="ff5 fc9 ws3"> <span class="blank _3"> </span>son ga<span class="blank _3"> </span>nancias <span class="blank _3"> </span>o p<span class="blank _3"> </span>érdidas d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e cromos<span class="blank _3"> </span>omas <span class="blank _3"> </span>aislados. P<span class="blank _3"> </span>ueden </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hb y90 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">ser monoso<span class="blank _2"></span>mías, trisomías o tetrasomías.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff2 fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y91 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsa ws9">4.<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="blank _5"> </span>De f<span class="blank _3"> </span>orma <span class="blank _3"> </span>general <span class="blank _3"> </span>i<span class="blank _3"> </span>ndica <span class="blank _3"> </span>al<span class="blank _3"> </span>gunos <span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span>índromes <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span>cr<span class="blank _3"> </span>omosopatias <span class="blank _3"> </span>qu<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>se <span class="blank _5"> </span>p<span class="blank _2"></span>r<span class="blank _3"> </span>esen<span class="blank _3"> </span>tan </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y92 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">de forma común en<span class="blank _2"></span> la especie human<span class="blank _3"> </span>a. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y93 ff5 fs0 fca sc0 ls2 ws3">Síndrome de Down<span class="fcb"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y94 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Suele<span class="blank _2"></span> s<span class="blank _3"> </span>er debido a trisomías del cromosoma 21. Se caracteriza por retraso <span class="blank _3"> </span>mental, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y95 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">talla <span class="blank _9"> </span>baja, <span class="blank _9"> </span>braquicefalia<span class="blank _2"></span>, <span class="blank _c"> </span>ojos <span class="blank _9"> </span>con <span class="blank _9"> </span>pliegues <span class="blank _9"> </span>epicánticos, <span class="blank _9"> </span>manos <span class="blank _9"> </span>cortas <span class="blank _9"> </span>y <span class="blank _9"> </span>anchas <span class="blank _9"> </span>y </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y96 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">cardiopatía congé<span class="blank _2"></span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ita.<span class="fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y97 ff5 fs0 fca sc0 ls2 ws3">Síndrome de Turner<span class="fcb"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y98 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Es una monosomía de los cromosomas sexuales, solo tienen un<span class="blank _2"></span> cr<span class="blank _3"> </span>omosoma X. Se </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y99 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">caracteriza<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _2"></span>or <span class="blank _4"> </span>ta<span class="blank _3"> </span>lla <span class="blank _4"> </span>baja, <span class="blank _0"> </span>hipoplasia <span class="blank _0"> </span>cervical, <span class="blank _4"> </span>cardiopatía <span class="blank _4"> </span>congénita, <span class="blank _4"> </span>co<span class="blank _3"> </span>artación </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9a ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">aórtica, al<span class="blank _2"></span>ter<span class="blank _3"> </span>aciones de la diferenciación sexual y de la<span class="blank _2"></span> función hormonal.<span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="fc3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9b ff5 fs0 fca sc0 ls2 ws3">Síndrome de Klinefelter<span class="fcb"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9c ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">Los <span class="blank _9"> </span>pacientes <span class="blank _c"> </span>tienen <span class="blank _c"> </span>un <span class="blank _9"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ariotipo <span class="blank _c"> </span>gonosómico <span class="blank _c"> </span>XXY <span class="blank _c"> </span>y <span class="blank _c"> </span>un <span class="blank _9"> </span>f<span class="blank _3"> </span>enotipo <span class="blank _c"> </span>masculino. <span class="blank _c"> </span>Se </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9d ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">caracteriza<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _6"> </span>talla <span class="blank _6"> </span>alta, <span class="blank _9"> </span>retra<span class="blank _2"></span>so <span class="blank _6"> </span>men<span class="blank _3"> </span>tal <span class="blank _6"> </span>ligero, <span class="blank _6"> </span>ginecomastia, <span class="blank _6"> </span>venas <span class="blank _9"> </span>vari<span class="blank _2"></span>cosas <span class="blank _9"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9e ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws3">extremidade<span class="blank _2"></span>s <span class="blank _6"> </span>inferiores <span class="blank _5"> </span>y <span class="blank _5"> </span>deficiencia <span class="blank _6"> </span>del<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>activa<span class="blank _3"> </span>dor <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>plasminógeno. <span class="blank _6"> </span>Se <span class="blank _5"> </span>produ<span class="blank _2"></span>cen </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y9f ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 lsa ws9">alt<span class="ls2 ws3">eraciones de la diferenciación sexual y de la función hormonal.<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="fc3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya0 ff5 fs0 fc9 sc0 ls2 ws4">Actividad<span class="fc3 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya1 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El <span class="blank _4"> </span>síndrome <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>Down <span class="blank _4"> </span>es <span class="blank _4"> </span>un<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>anomalía <span class="blank _4"> </span>del <span class="blank _4"> </span>cromosoma <span class="blank _4"> </span>21 <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>puede <span class="blank _4"> </span>causar </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya2 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">discapacidad<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>intelectual, <span class="blank _8"></span>microcefalia, <span class="blank _8"></span>talla <span class="blank _8"></span>baja <span class="blank _8"></span>y <span class="blank _8"></span>cara <span class="blank _8"></span>característica. <span class="blank _8"></span>Las <span class="blank _8"></span>anomalías </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya3 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">físicas y el desarrollo <span class="blank _3"> </span>anormal sugieren el diagnóstico, qu<span class="blank _3"> </span>e se confirma por <span class="blank _3"> </span>análisis </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya4 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">citogenético<span class="blank _2"></span>. El manejo dep<span class="blank _3"> </span>ende de las manife<span class="blank _2"></span>staciones y anomalías específicas.<span class="blank _5"> </span> </div></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:107.680000px;width:131.220000px;height:14.890000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x3 ya5 w8 h11" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg7.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">7 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1f h3 ya6 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya7 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">El <span class="blank _12"> </span>síndrome <span class="blank _12"> </span>de<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _12"> </span>Down <span class="blank _12"> </span>se <span class="blank _12"> </span>caracteri<span class="blank _2"></span>za <span class="blank _12"> </span>por <span class="blank _12"> </span>un <span class="blank _12"> </span>cromoso<span class="blank _2"></span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _12"> </span>21 <span class="blank _12"> </span>adicional. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya8 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">La <span class="blank _9"> </span>traslocación<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>más <span class="blank _9"> </span>frecuen<span class="blank _2"></span>te <span class="blank _9"> </span>es, <span class="blank _c"> </span>en <span class="blank _9"> </span>la <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>un <span class="blank _9"> </span>fragmento <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>un <span class="blank _9"> </span>cromosoma <span class="blank _9"> </span>21 </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ya9 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">adicional <span class="blank _5"> </span>está <span class="blank _5"> </span>unido <span class="blank _5"> </span>al <span class="blank _5"> </span>cromosoma <span class="blank _5"> </span>14. <span class="blank _5"> </span>En <span class="blank _5"> </span>alrededor <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>la <span class="blank _5"> </span>mitad <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>los <span class="blank _5"> </span>casos <span class="blank _5"> </span>con </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yaa ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">transloca<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ión, <span class="blank _11"> </span>ambos <span class="blank _11"> </span>padres <span class="blank _11"> </span>tienen <span class="blank _11"> </span>cariotipos <span class="blank _11"> </span>normales, <span class="blank _11"> </span>lo <span class="blank _11"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>indi<span class="blank _3"> </span>ca <span class="blank _11"> </span>una </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yab ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">traslocación<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>novo. <span class="blank _c"> </span>En <span class="blank _9"> </span>l<span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>otra <span class="blank _9"> </span>m<span class="blank _3"> </span>itad, <span class="blank _c"> </span>uno<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _c"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>los <span class="blank _c"> </span>progenitores <span class="blank _9"> </span>(casi <span class="blank _9"> </span>sie<span class="blank _3"> </span>mpre <span class="blank _9"> </span>la </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yac ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">madre), aunque con f<span class="blank _3"> </span>enotipo normal, <span class="blank _3"> </span>tiene sólo <span class="blank _3"> </span>45 cromosomas, <span class="blank _3"> </span>uno de los <span class="blank _3"> </span>cuales </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yad ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">es. <span class="blank _0"> </span>En <span class="blank _0"> </span>teoría, <span class="blank _0"> </span>la <span class="blank _4"> </span>probabilidad <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>un<span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="blank"> </span>ma<span class="blank _2"></span>dre <span class="blank"> </span>po<span class="blank _2"></span>rta<span class="blank _3"> </span>dora <span class="blank _4"> </span>tenga <span class="blank"> </span>un <span class="blank _4"> </span>hijo <span class="blank"> </span>co<span class="blank _2"></span>n </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yae ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">síndrome <span class="blank _3"> </span>d<span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>Down <span class="blank _3"> </span>es <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1:3, <span class="blank _3"> </span>pero <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _5"> </span>riesgo <span class="blank _3"> </span>re<span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>l <span class="blank _5"> </span>es <span class="blank _5"> </span>más <span class="blank _3"> </span>bajo <span class="blank _5"> </span>(alrededor <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1:1<span class="blank _2"></span>0). </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb yaf ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Si <span class="blank _5"> </span>el<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>padre <span class="blank _5"> </span>es <span class="blank _3"> </span>el <span class="blank _5"> </span>portador, <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _3"> </span>riesgo <span class="blank _5"> </span>es <span class="blank _5"> </span>sólo<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>1:2<span class="blank _2"></span>0.<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>En <span class="blank _5"> </span>el <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff2">síndrome <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Down, <span class="blank _5"> </span>el </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hb yb0 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws4">mosaicism<span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="ff5 ws3"> <span class="blank _10"> </span>se <span class="blank _d"> </span>debe <span class="blank _d"> </span>presumiblem<span class="blank _3"> </span>ente <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>la <span class="blank _d"> </span>falta <span class="blank _d"> </span>de <span class="blank _d"> </span>disyunción <span class="blank _d"> </span>(cuando <span class="blank _d"> </span>los </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb1 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _3"> </span> <span class="blank"> </span>no <span class="blank _b"> </span>pasan <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>élulas <span class="blank"> </span>separadas) <span class="blank _b"> </span>durante <span class="blank"> </span>la <span class="blank"> </span>división <span class="blank"> </span>ce<span class="blank _3"> </span>lul<span class="blank _3"> </span>a<span class="blank _3"> </span>r <span class="blank"> </span>en <span class="blank"> </span>el </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb2 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">embrión. <span class="blank _2"></span>Las <span class="blank _2"></span>personas <span class="blank _2"></span>con <span class="blank _2"></span>síndrome de<span class="blank _2"></span> <span class="blank _2"></span>Down <span class="blank _2"></span>mosaic<span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"></span>tienen <span class="blank _2"></span>dos <span class="blank _2"></span>líneas <span class="blank _2"></span>celulares, </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb3 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">una <span class="blank _9"> </span>con <span class="blank _c"> </span>4<span class="blank _3"> </span>6 <span class="blank _c"> </span>cromosomas <span class="blank _9"> </span>n<span class="blank _3"> </span>ormales <span class="blank _c"> </span>y <span class="blank _c"> </span>otra <span class="blank _c"> </span>con <span class="blank _9"> </span>4<span class="blank _3"> </span>7 <span class="blank _c"> </span>cromosomas, <span class="blank _c"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>i<span class="blank _3"> </span>ncluyen <span class="blank _c"> </span>un </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb4 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">cromosoma<span class="blank _2"></span> 2<span class="blank _3"> </span>1 adicional. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb yb5 ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Referencias </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb6 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">B, A. (2004). <span class="ffa">\u201cBIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE LA CÉLULA\u201d.</span> Editorial Omega. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb7 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">G., K. (2006). <span class="ffb">BIOLOGÍA Celul<span class="blank _2"></span>ar Y M<span class="blank _3"> </span>olecular.<span class="ff5"> McGraww-Hill Interamericana .<span class="blank _3"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb8 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">John, H. B. (2010<span class="blank _2"></span>). <span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ffb">Laboratorio en el Diagnóstico Clínico.</span> Marban. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc yb9 ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Olalde<span class="blank _2"></span>, L. H. <span class="blank _3"> </span>(2011). <span class="ffb">BIO<span class="blank _3"> </span>LOGÍA CÉLU<span class="blank _2"></span>LAR.<span class="ff5"> Baja california sur: UNIVERSIDAD </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc yba ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR. </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc y7c ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Suardíaz, J., Cruz, C., & Colina<span class="blank _2"></span>, A. <span class="blank _3"> </span>(2004<span class="blank _2"></span>). <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ffb">Labora<span class="blank _2"></span>torio Clínico.<span class="ff5"> <span class="blank _3"> </span>La habana: </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x18 hc ybb ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cien<span class="blank _2"></span>c<span class="blank _3"> </span>ias Médicas (edimed). </div><div class="t m0 x3 hc ybc ff5 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb ybd ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x3 ybe w9 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/7afde342-fad6-4498-8378-e5641f81e188/bg8.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">P<span class="blank _0"> </span>á<span class="blank _0"> </span>g<span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="fc1">8 <span class="ls3">| </span><span class="ws0">8<span class="blank _2"></span><span class="fc2 ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 hb y1c ff2 fs0 fc3 sc0 lsd wsc">DDF<span class="ls2 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h3 ybf ff1 fs1 fc3 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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