<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg1.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="ff2 fs1 fc1 ls1"> </span></div></div><div class="c x3 y3 w3 h3"><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff3 fs2 fc2 sc1 ls1 ws0">Anatomia de<span class="blank _0"></span>scritiv<span class="blank _0"></span>a dos </div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y5 ff3 fs3 fc2 sc1 ls1 ws0">animai<span class="blank _0"></span>s doméstic<span class="blank _0"></span>os </div></div><div class="c x3 y6 w4 h6"><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y7 ff4 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls1 ws0"><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span><span class="fs5"><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span></span></div></div><div class="c x7 y8 w5 h8"><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9 ff4 fs6 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">mmorenacg@gmail.<span class="blank _0"> </span>com<span class="fc4 sc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 ya ff4 fs6 fc2 sc0 ls2 ws0"><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span><span class="ls1"><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span><span class="fc4 sc0"> </span></span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x2 yb w6 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg2.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">1<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf ff3 fs1 fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sumário </div><div class="t m0 x2 hd y10 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Planos e eixos anatômicos 2<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hd y11 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Osteologia 2<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y12 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto axial<span class="blank _0"> </span> 2<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y13 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto apendicular<span class="blank _0"> </span> 3<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y14 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membros torácicos 3<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y15 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membros pélvicos <span class="blank _0"> </span>3<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y16 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto esplânico<span class="blank _0"> </span> 4<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y17 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos 4<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y18 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classes de ossos 5<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hd y19 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Artrologia 5<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y1a ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulações fibrosas<span class="blank _0"> </span> 5<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y1b ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sutura 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y1c ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sindesmose 6<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y1d ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Gonfose 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y1e ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulação cartil<span class="blank _0"> </span>aginosa 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y1f ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sincondrose 6<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y20 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sinfise 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y21 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulações sinoviai<span class="blank _0"> </span>s 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y22 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ligamentos 6<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y23 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Discos e meninscos <span class="blank _0"> </span>7<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y24 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Movimentos e eixos <span class="blank _0"> </span>7<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y25 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classificação de acordo<span class="blank _0"> </span> com a forma da superf<span class="blank _0"> </span>ície articular 7<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y26 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membro torácico 8<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y27 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membro pélvico <span class="blank _0"> </span>8<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y28 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto axial 8<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hd y29 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Miologia 8<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y2a ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classificações 9<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y2b ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Origem 9<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y2c ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Inserção 9<span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y2d ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ventres <span class="ls3 ws2">10</span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y2e ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ação no movimento<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="ls3 ws2">10</span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hd y2f ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sistema nervoso <span class="ls4 ws3">11</span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y30 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Detalhes anatómicos d<span class="blank _0"> </span>o encéfalo <span class="ls5 ws4">12<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xf he y31 ff6 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Nervos cranianos <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ls6 ws5">13</span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe he y32 ff5 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Medula espinhal <span class="ls5 ws4">14<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ff4 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y33 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:98.100000px;bottom:692.920000px;width:161.300000px;height:18.910000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:98.100000px;bottom:674.000000px;width:75.210000px;height:18.920000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" 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style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:110.100000px;bottom:406.140000px;width:113.050000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:389.540000px;width:54.800000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:372.940000px;width:84.730000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:356.350000px;width:86.520000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:339.750000px;width:234.640000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:323.150000px;width:76.650000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:306.560000px;width:72.610000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:289.960000px;width:68.630000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:98.100000px;bottom:271.040000px;width:61.960000px;height:18.920000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:110.100000px;bottom:254.450000px;width:76.530000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:237.850000px;width:40.110000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:221.250000px;width:43.660000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:204.660000px;width:45.730000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:188.060000px;width:91.940000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:98.100000px;bottom:169.140000px;width:113.880000px;height:18.920000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:110.100000px;bottom:152.550000px;width:172.430000px;height:16.590000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:135.950000px;width:82.290000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:110.100000px;bottom:119.350000px;width:93.140000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[3,"XYZ",69,770,null]"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:98.100000px;bottom:692.920000px;width:161.300000px;height:18.910000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[3,"XYZ",69,309,null]"><div class="d m1" 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style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:122.100000px;bottom:135.950000px;width:82.290000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail="[15,"XYZ",69,770,null]"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:110.100000px;bottom:119.350000px;width:93.140000px;height:16.600000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x11 yb w7 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg3.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">2<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y34 ff3 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Planos e eixos<span class="blank _1"></span> anatômicos </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y35 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os eixos <span class="blank _0"> </span>e os <span class="blank _0"> </span>planos dividem o corpo <span class="blank _0"> </span>do animal, auxi<span class="blank _0"> </span>liando na loca<span class="blank _0"> </span>lização de órgãos e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y36 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">estruturas. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Os <span class="blank _2"> </span>planos <span class="blank _3"> </span>são <span class="blank _3"> </span>compostos <span class="blank _3"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>empre <span class="blank _3"> </span>por <span class="blank _3"> </span>dois <span class="blank _2"> </span>eixos, <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>são <span class="blank _3"> </span>como <span class="blank _2"> </span>\u201carestas\u201d, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y37 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">podendo <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser: <span class="blank _4"> </span>latero-lateral, <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>lateral <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>outra; <span class="blank _5"> </span>dorso-ventral, <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>dorso <span class="blank _4"> </span>ao <span class="blank _4"> </span>ventre; <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y38 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">crânio-caudal, do crânio à cauda. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y39 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plano <span class="blank _6"> </span>transversal: <span class="blank _6"> </span>Todos <span class="blank _6"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>lanos </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y3a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">paralelos <span class="blank _2"> </span>ao <span class="blank _2"> </span>plano <span class="blank _2"> </span>cranial <span class="blank _2"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>ao <span class="blank _3"> </span>caudal, </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y3b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">composto <span class="blank _7"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _7"> </span>eixos <span class="blank _7"> </span>latero-lateral <span class="blank _7"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y3c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dorso-ventral, <span class="blank _8"> </span>separando <span class="blank _8"> </span>o <span class="blank _8"> </span>animal <span class="blank _8"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y3d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">vertical em duas metades assimétricas. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y3e ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plano <span class="blank _4"> </span>mediano: <span class="blank _9"> </span>Divide <span class="blank _9"> </span>simetricamente <span class="blank _4"> </span>o </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y3f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">animal ao meio na vertical partir da parte </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y40 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">frontal, <span class="blank _a"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _a"> </span>composto <span class="blank _a"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _a"> </span>eixos </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y41 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">crânio-caudal e dorso-ventral. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y42 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plano <span class="blank _0"> </span>sag<span class="blank _0"> </span>ital: <span class="blank _0"> </span>Qualquer <span class="blank _0"> </span>plano <span class="blank _9"> </span>paralelo <span class="blank _0"> </span>ao </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y43 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">mediano, <span class="blank _9"> </span>dividindo<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>animal <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>metades </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y44 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">assimétricas, <span class="blank _b"> </span>portanto <span class="blank _b"> </span>também <span class="blank _c"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y45 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">composto <span class="blank _d"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _d"> </span>eixos <span class="blank _d"> </span>crânio<span class="blank _0"> </span>-caudal <span class="blank _d"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y46 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dorso-ventral. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y47 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plano <span class="blank _4"> </span>dorsal: <span class="blank _4"> </span>Único <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>divide <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>animal <span class="blank _5"> </span>na <span class="blank _4"> </span>horizontal, <span class="blank _4"> </span>formado <span class="blank _4"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _4"> </span>eixos <span class="blank _4"> </span>latero<span class="blank _0"> </span>-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y48 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">lateral e crânio-caudal. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y49 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Além <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>eixos <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>planos, <span class="blank _4"> </span>alguns <span class="blank _4"> </span>pontos <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>refer<span class="blank _0"> </span>ência <span class="blank _9"> </span>podem <span class="blank _4"> </span>ser <span class="blank _4"> </span>utilizad<span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y4a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">indicar a localização dos órgãos e estruturas de acordo com os planos e eixos, sendo eles: </div></div><div class="c x14 y4b w8 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Cranial: em direção<span class="blank _1"></span> à cabeç<span class="blank _1"></span>a; </div></div><div class="c x16 y4b w9 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Dorsal: em direç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão ao dors<span class="blank _1"></span>o; </div></div><div class="c x14 y4d w8 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Rostral: em direção<span class="blank _1"></span> à ponta do<span class="blank _1"></span> nariz; </div></div><div class="c x16 y4d w9 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ventral: em direção<span class="blank _1"></span> ao ven<span class="blank _1"></span>tral; </div></div><div class="c x14 y4e w8 h13"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4f ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Caudal: em direç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão à cauda; </div></div><div class="c x16 y4e w9 h13"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4f ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Medial: em direção a<span class="blank _1"></span>o plano mediano;<span class="blank _1"></span> </div></div><div class="c x14 y50 w8 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div></div><div class="c x16 y50 w9 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Lateral: afastando<span class="blank _1"></span> do plano median<span class="blank _1"></span>o; </div></div><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y51 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Proximal: em direção ao tronco; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y52 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Distal: afastando do tronco; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y53 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Palmar: direção à palma da mão; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y54 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plantar: direção à planta do pé. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h10 y55 ff3 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Osteologia </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y56 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">O esqueleto <span class="blank _0"> </span>é uma armação de estrutur<span class="blank _0"> </span>as que suportam e <span class="blank _0"> </span>protegem os tecidos moles </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y57 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dos <span class="blank"> </span>animais. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Pode <span class="blank"> </span>ser <span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="fs6 ws7">compost<span class="blank _0"> </span>o</span> <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>osso <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>articulação, <span class="blank"> </span>como <span class="blank _2"> </span>no <span class="blank"> </span>caso <span class="blank _2"> </span>dos <span class="blank"> </span>mamíferos </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y58 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">domésticos <span class="blank _0"> </span>que possuem <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">endoesqueletos</span>, <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>sendo formado por <span class="blank _0"> </span>quetina <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou queratina<span class="blank _0"> </span>, como </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y59 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">visto <span class="blank _a"> </span>em <span class="blank _a"> </span>réptei<span class="blank _1"></span>s, <span class="blank _a"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"></span>rustáceos, <span class="blank _a"> </span>insetos <span class="blank _e"> </span>ou <span class="blank _e"> </span>moluscos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _e"> </span>que <span class="blank _e"> </span>possuem <span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">exoesqueletos</span>. <span class="blank _e"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y5a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">endoesqueletos são divididos em: <span class="ff6 ws8">axial</span><span class="lsa">, </span><span class="ff6 ws8">apendicular</span><span class="ls8"> <span class="lsa">e </span></span><span class="ff6 ws8">esplânico</span>. </div><div class="t m0 x18 h14 y5b ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto axial<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y5c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Acompanha o eixo crânio-caudal, sendo composto por crânio, coluna e costelas. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y5d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Cabeça <span class="blank _f"></span>óssea: <span class="blank _f"></span>é <span class="blank _f"></span>um <span class="blank _f"></span>conjunto <span class="blank _10"></span>grande <span class="blank _f"></span>de <span class="blank _f"></span>ossos <span class="blank _10"></span>de <span class="blank _f"></span>diferentes <span class="blank _f"></span>tipos <span class="blank _f"></span>(ossos <span class="blank _f"></span>da <span class="blank _10"></span>fac<span class="blank _0"> </span>e, <span class="blank _10"></span>ossos </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y5e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">do crânio e ossos da mandíbula); </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y5f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Coluna <span class="blank _2"> </span>vertebral: <span class="blank"> </span>comp<span class="blank _1"></span>osta <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank"> </span>segmentos <span class="blank _2"> </span>formados <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _3"> </span>vértebras <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>número </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y60 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">variável de ac<span class="blank _0"> </span>ordo com a espécie. Indo pelo <span class="blank _0"> </span>eixo crânio<span class="blank _0"> </span>-caudal são vistas primeiro as </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y61 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">cervicais, <span class="blank _4"> </span>torácicas, <span class="blank _9"> </span>lombares, <span class="blank _9"> </span>sacra<span class="blank _0"> </span>is <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>caudais <span class="blank _4"> </span>(ou <span class="blank _9"> </span>coccígeas). <span class="blank _9"> </span>Todos <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>mamíferos </div></div><div class="c x19 y62 wa h15"><div class="t m0 x1a he y63 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Apenas em </div><div class="t m0 x1a he y64 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">membros </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 yb wb ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg4.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">3<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y65 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">possuem 7 vértebras cer<span class="blank _f"></span>vic<span class="blank _0"> </span>ais sempre. Outra <span class="blank _f"></span>peculiaridade dos animais domésticos <span class="blank _f"></span>é </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">que as vértebras sacrais são fusionadas, formando o osso sacro. </div></div><div class="c x10 y67 wc h16"><div class="t m0 x15 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Vértebras/espécie </div></div><div class="c x1b y67 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x1c hd y68 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Carnívoros </div></div><div class="c x1d y67 we h16"><div class="t m0 x1e hd y68 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Suínos </div></div><div class="c x1f y67 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x20 hd y68 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Bovinos </div></div><div class="c x21 y67 w10 h16"><div class="t m0 x20 hd y68 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Equinos </div></div><div class="c x10 y69 wc h16"><div class="t m0 x22 h17 y68 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Torácica </div></div><div class="c x1b y69 wd h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">12-14 </div></div><div class="c x1d y69 we h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">14-15 </div></div><div class="c x1f y69 wf h16"><div class="t m0 x8 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">13 </div></div><div class="c x21 y69 w10 h16"><div class="t m0 x8 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">18 </div></div><div class="c x10 y6a wc h16"><div class="t m0 x23 h17 y68 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Lombar </div></div><div class="c x1b y6a wd h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">7 </div></div><div class="c x1d y6a we h16"><div class="t m0 x24 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">6-7 </div></div><div class="c x1f y6a wf h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">6 </div></div><div class="c x21 y6a w10 h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">6 </div></div><div class="c x10 y6b wc h16"><div class="t m0 x24 h17 y68 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sacral </div></div><div class="c x1b y6b wd h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3 </div></div><div class="c x1d y6b we h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">4 </div></div><div class="c x1f y6b wf h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">5 </div></div><div class="c x21 y6b w10 h16"><div class="t m0 x4 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">5 </div></div><div class="c x10 y6c wc h16"><div class="t m0 x25 h17 y68 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Caudal </div></div><div class="c x1b y6c wd h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">20-23 </div></div><div class="c x1d y6c we h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">20-23 </div></div><div class="c x1f y6c wf h16"><div class="t m0 x22 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">18-20 </div></div><div class="c x21 y6c w10 h16"><div class="t m0 x8 hf y68 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">20 </div></div><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 x26 h14 y6d ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto apendic<span class="blank _0"> </span>ular<span class="fc7"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y6e ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membros torácico<span class="blank _1"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y6f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Escápula: <span class="blank _11"> </span>osso <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _11"> </span>ombro, <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>cíng<span class="blank _0"> </span>ulo <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y70 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">membros <span class="blank _12"> </span>torácicos, <span class="blank _12"> </span>responsável <span class="blank _13"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y71 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">prender os membros ao tórax. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y72 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Úmero: <span class="blank _14"> </span>se <span class="blank _14"> </span>mantém <span class="blank _14"> </span>unido <span class="blank _14"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>es<span class="blank _0"> </span>cápula <span class="blank _14"> </span>p<span class="lsa ws9">ela</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y73 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação do ombro. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y74 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">3º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Rádio <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>ulna: <span class="blank _2"> </span>são <span class="blank"> </span>unidos <span class="blank"> </span>ao <span class="blank"> </span>úmero <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"></span>ela </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y75 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>cotovelo. Juntos <span class="blank _9"> </span>compõem <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y76 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">região <span class="blank _15"> </span>do <span class="blank _15"> </span>antebraço. <span class="blank _15"> </span>Em <span class="blank _15"> </span>equinos <span class="blank _15"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y77 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">completamente <span class="blank _11"> </span>fusionados, <span class="blank _11"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>ruminantes </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y78 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">apenas <span class="blank _16"> </span>parcialmente, <span class="blank _16"> </span>enquanto <span class="blank _17"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y79 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">carnívoros são totalmente separados. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y7a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">4º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Região <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _11"> </span>carpo: <span class="blank _11"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>conjunto <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>ossos </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y7b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">que compõem a região do pulso. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y7c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">5º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span>Metacarpo<span class="lsa ws0">: <span class="blank _14"> </span><span class="ls1">região <span class="blank _14"> </span>da <span class="blank _3"> </span>mão; <span class="blank _14"> </span>é <span class="blank _14"> </span>considerado </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y7d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">um <span class="blank _5"> </span>osso <span class="blank _5"> </span>longo <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>equinos <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>há <span class="blank _5"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _5"> </span>1, </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y7e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">que <span class="blank _5"> </span>seria<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>dedo <span class="blank _11"> </span>III. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Os <span class="blank _5"> </span>dedos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>II <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="lsa">e <span class="blank _11"> </span></span>IV, <span class="blank _5"> </span>são <span class="blank _5"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>udimentares <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>estão <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>processo <span class="blank _11"> </span>de<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y7f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">remissão. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y80 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">6º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Região <span class="blank _10"></span>do <span class="blank _10"></span>digito<span class="lsa">: <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ls1">sesamóides <span class="blank _10"></span>palmares <span class="blank _10"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>falanges <span class="blank _10"></span>proximal, <span class="blank _10"></span>média <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _10"></span>distal. <span class="blank _10"></span>Palmar <span class="blank _f"></span>entre </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y81 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">as <span class="blank _1"></span>falanges <span class="blank _f"></span>média <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>dis<span class="blank _0"> </span>tal <span class="blank _10"></span>tem o <span class="blank _10"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>esamóide <span class="blank _f"></span>distal <span class="blank _f"></span>ou <span class="blank _f"></span>nav<span class="blank _0"> </span>icular, <span class="blank _f"></span>em <span class="blank _f"></span>especial <span class="blank _f"></span>em <span class="blank _f"></span>equinos<span class="blank _0"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y82 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membros pélvicos </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y83 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Osso <span class="blank _0"> </span>coxal<span class="lsa">: <span class="blank _9"> </span></span>cíngulo <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>membro <span class="blank _0"> </span>pélvico. <span class="blank _9"> </span>É <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _0"> </span>conjunto <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y84 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">3 <span class="blank _11"> </span>ossos <span class="blank _11"> </span>pares, <span class="blank _11"> </span>direito <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span>esquerdo, <span class="blank _11"> </span>onde <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>mais <span class="blank _11"> </span>cranial <span class="blank _11"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y85 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">maior <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>ílio, <span class="blank _4"> </span>seguido <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelos <span class="blank _9"> </span>ís<span class="blank _0"> </span>quios <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>p<span class="blank _0"> </span>úbis, <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y55 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ventral. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y86 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span>Fêmur<span class="lsa ws0">: <span class="ls1">entre<span class="blank _f"></span> o coxal<span class="blank _f"></span> e o<span class="blank _f"></span> fêmur há<span class="blank _f"></span> uma <span class="blank _f"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulação <span class="blank _f"></span>chamada </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y87 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">de coxo-femoral ou articulação do<span class="blank _f"></span> qua<span class="blank _0"> </span>dril. Este<span class="blank _f"></span> é o osso da </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y2c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">coxa, <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>maior <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>corpo.<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>E<span class="blank _0"> </span>m <span class="blank _9"> </span>ca<span class="blank _0"> </span>chorros <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>gr<span class="blank _0"> </span>ande <span class="blank _9"> </span>porte <span class="blank _4"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y88 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação <span class="blank _10"></span>coxo-femoral <span class="blank _10"></span>costuma <span class="blank _10"></span>apresentar <span class="blank _10"></span>displasia, <span class="blank _10"></span>ainda </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y89 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">mais <span class="blank _18"> </span>em <span class="blank _2"> </span>raças <span class="blank _2"> </span>com <span class="blank"> </span>p<span class="blank _f"></span>ropensão <span class="blank"> </span>genética, <span class="blank _3"> </span>como: <span class="blank"> </span>goldens, </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y8a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">labradores, dog alemão, pastor alemão e etc. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y8b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">3º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Tíbia <span class="blank _f"></span>e fíbul<span class="blank _f"></span>a<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="lsa">: <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ls1">é <span class="blank _f"></span>a <span class="blank _1"></span>perna <span class="blank _f"></span>do <span class="blank _f"></span>animal<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _f"></span>Em <span class="blank _f"></span>grandes <span class="blank _f"></span>animais, <span class="blank _f"></span>esses </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y8c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ossos são fusionados (aguentam mais peso). </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y8d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">4º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span>Patela<span class="lsa ws0">: <span class="blank _e"> </span><span class="ls1">osso <span class="blank _e"> </span>sesamóide <span class="blank _e"> </span>na <span class="blank _8"> </span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulação <span class="blank _e"> </span>do <span class="blank _e"> </span>joelho. <span class="blank _8"> </span>Em </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y8e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">cachorros <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>pequeno <span class="blank _5"> </span>porte, <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>comum <span class="blank _5"> </span>observar <span class="blank _5"> </span>luxação, </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y8f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">uma <span class="blank _f"></span>vez<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>associada <span class="blank _f"></span>a prob<span class="blank _f"></span>lema<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _f"></span>hormonais que <span class="blank _f"></span>levam <span class="blank _f"></span>à <span class="blank _f"></span>ligamentos fracos. <span class="blank _10"></span>Há um <span class="blank _f"></span>fator </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y90 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">genético forte nestes casos, em especial nas raças: maltês, poodle, shitszu e etc. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y91 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">5º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Região <span class="blank _14"> </span>do <span class="blank _14"> </span>tarso<span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="lsa">: <span class="blank _14"> </span></span>é <span class="blank _14"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>tornozelo <span class="blank _3"> </span>do <span class="blank _14"> </span>animal <span class="blank _3"> </span>- <span class="blank _14"> </span>entre <span class="blank _3"> </span>a <span class="blank _14"> </span>tíbia/fíbula<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>tarso <span class="blank _14"> </span>tem <span class="blank _14"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y92 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação do jarrete. </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x11 yb w11 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg5.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">4<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y65 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">6º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Metatarso: similar ao metacarpo (<span class="ff6">a partir desse ponto é igual a mão</span><span class="lsb wsa">).</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">7º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Região <span class="blank _10"></span>do <span class="blank _10"></span>digito<span class="lsa">: <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ls1 ws8">sesamó<span class="lsc wsb">id<span class="lsa ws9">es</span></span><span class="ws0"> <span class="blank _f"></span>palmares <span class="blank _10"></span>e <span class="blank _10"></span>falanges <span class="blank _f"></span>proximal, <span class="blank _10"></span>média <span class="blank _10"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>distal. <span class="blank _10"></span>Palmar <span class="blank _10"></span>entre </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y93 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">as <span class="blank _10"></span>falanges <span class="blank _f"></span>média <span class="blank _10"></span>e <span class="blank _10"></span>distal <span class="blank _10"></span>tem <span class="blank _10"></span>o <span class="blank _10"></span>sesam<span class="blank _0"> </span>óides <span class="blank _10"></span>distal <span class="blank _10"></span>ou <span class="blank _10"></span>navicular, <span class="blank _f"></span>em <span class="blank _10"></span>especial <span class="blank _10"></span>em <span class="blank _10"></span>equinos<span class="blank _0"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x27 h14 y94 ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto esplânic<span class="blank _0"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y95 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Também <span class="blank _d"> </span>conhecido <span class="blank _19"> </span>como <span class="blank _19"> </span>visceral, <span class="blank _19"> </span>compreende <span class="blank _d"> </span>estruturas <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank _19"> </span>faz<span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _19"> </span>parte <span class="blank _19"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y96 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">vísceras. C<span class="lsd wsc">an</span>ídeos e felídeos possuem osso peniano, assim c<span class="blank _0"> </span>omo coelhos e ratos. É um osso </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y97 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">separado <span class="blank _19"> </span>dos <span class="blank _19"> </span>esqueletos <span class="blank _19"> </span>axial <span class="blank _19"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>ape<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndicular, <span class="blank"> </span>além <span class="blank _19"> </span>de <span class="blank _19"> </span>não <span class="blank _19"> </span>apresentar <span class="blank _19"> </span>articulação.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _19"> </span>Em </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y98 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ruminantes <span class="blank _a"> </span>idosos <span class="blank _a"> </span>é <span class="blank _a"> </span>encontrado <span class="blank _a"> </span>fisiologicamente <span class="blank _a"> </span>o <span class="blank _1a"> </span>osso <span class="blank _a"> </span>cardíaco, <span class="blank _a"> </span>os <span class="blank _1a"> </span>endocárdios </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y99 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ventriculares sofrem ossificação com o passar dos anos. </div><div class="t m0 x28 h19 y9a ff3 fsc fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y9b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _2"> </span>formados <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _3"> </span>conjuntivo <span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _f"></span>spec<span class="blank _0"> </span>ializado </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y9c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">(tecido <span class="blank _6"> </span>ósseo). <span class="blank _1b"> </span>Os <span class="blank _1b"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">osteoblastos</span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>são <span class="blank _6"> </span>células <span class="blank _1b"> </span>jovens </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y9d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">responsáveis <span class="blank _10"></span>por <span class="blank _10"></span>secretar <span class="blank _10"></span>matriz <span class="blank _f"></span>extracelular <span class="blank _10"></span>(matriz <span class="blank _10"></span>óssea </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y9e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">calcificada/dura). <span class="blank _19"> </span>Por <span class="blank _19"> </span>sua <span class="blank _19"> </span>vez, <span class="blank _19"> </span>os <span class="blank _19"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">osteócitos</span> <span class="blank _19"> </span>são <span class="blank"> </span>cél<span class="blank _0"> </span>ulas </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y9f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">maduras <span class="blank _14"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>fazem <span class="blank _14"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>manutenção <span class="blank _14"> </span>do <span class="blank _14"> </span>tecido. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Estes<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya0 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">encontrados <span class="blank _9"> </span>dentro <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>lacunas <span class="blank _9"> </span>cercadas <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>matriz <span class="blank _9"> </span>óssea, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">portanto <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>difícil <span class="blank _9"> </span>nutrição. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Por <span class="blank _9"> </span>fim, <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">osteoclastos</span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>são <span class="blank _9"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">células <span class="blank"> </span>responsáveis <span class="blank _2"> </span>por <span class="blank"> </span>degradar <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>matriz <span class="blank"> </span>óssea. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Esta </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">destruição <span class="blank"> </span>é <span class="blank"> </span>importante <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>liberação <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>cálcio <span class="blank"> </span>na<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">circulação, <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>momentos <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>baixa, <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>remodelação </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 ya5 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">do tecido.<span class="ff9"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ya6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">A <span class="blank _11"> </span>nutrição <span class="blank _11"> </span>dos <span class="blank _11"> </span>osteócitos <span class="blank _11"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _11"> </span>pela <span class="blank _5"> </span>interligação </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya7 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">das <span class="blank _2"> </span>lacunas <span class="blank _3"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>canalículos. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Um <span class="blank _2"> </span>conjunto <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>lacunas <span class="blank _2"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya8 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">canalículos <span class="blank _7"> </span>forma <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _7"> </span>lamélula, <span class="blank _7"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>contém <span class="blank _7"> </span>diversos </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ya9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">osteócitos <span class="blank _f"></span>e é <span class="blank _f"></span>nutrida <span class="blank _f"></span>por <span class="blank _f"></span>cerca d<span class="blank _f"></span>e dois <span class="blank _f"></span>capilares. <span class="blank _f"></span>Os nutrientes<span class="blank _f"></span> chegam <span class="blank _f"></span>pelos <span class="blank _1"></span>capilares <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>são </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yaa ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">passados <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>osteócit<span class="blank _1"></span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>ao <span class="blank _11"> </span>outro <span class="blank _11"> </span>pelos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>canalículos. <span class="blank _14"> </span>Os <span class="blank _11"> </span>vasos, <span class="blank _11"> </span>por <span class="blank _11"> </span>sua <span class="blank _11"> </span>vez, <span class="blank _11"> </span>chegam <span class="blank _14"> </span>à<span class="blank _f"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yab ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">lamélulas <span class="blank _4"> </span>através <span class="blank _9"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"> </span>forames <span class="blank _4"> </span>nutrícios, <span class="blank _4"> </span>são <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>"burac<span class="blank _0"> </span>os" <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>entrada <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>saída <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>estrutura<span class="blank _f"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yac ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">moles. Por dentro dos forames passam os canais de conexão. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yad ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Outro componente <span class="blank _f"></span>do oss<span class="blank _0"> </span>o é <span class="blank _f"></span>o periósteo, que é <span class="blank _f"></span>onde os osteoblastos se <span class="blank _f"></span>concentram. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yae ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">É <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>cápsula <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>volta <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>osso <span class="blank _9"> </span>composta <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _9"> </span>conjuntivo <span class="blank _0"> </span>propriamente <span class="blank _0"> </span>dito, <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yaf ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">porção <span class="blank _9"> </span>altamente <span class="blank _9"> </span>inervada, <span class="blank _9"> </span>embora <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>osso <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>si <span class="blank _9"> </span>não <span class="blank _9"> </span>possua <span class="blank _9"> </span>nervos. <span class="blank _4"> </span>É <span class="blank _9"> </span>c<span class="blank _f"></span>omposto <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>dois </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb0 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">folhetos, <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>externo <span class="blank _14"> </span>(fibroso <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>proteção) <span class="blank _11"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>interno <span class="blank _14"> </span>(reserva <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>osteoblasto, <span class="blank _11"> </span>portanto </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">germinativo). <span class="blank _0"> </span>Além disso, <span class="blank _0"> </span>é o <span class="blank _0"> </span>canal de <span class="blank _0"> </span>entrada dos <span class="blank _0"> </span>vasos para <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>ossos. Assim, os <span class="blank _0"> </span>vasos <span class="blank _0"> </span>que<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">entram se ramificam até encontrar um for<span class="blank _0"> </span>ame. Este primeiro canal é <span class="blank _0"> </span>na horizontal, chamado </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">de <span class="ff6">canal de Volkman</span>. No<span class="blank _1"></span> fim desses canais <span class="blank _f"></span>há duas saídas na vertical, <span class="blank _f"></span>que levam para o centro<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">das lamélulas, chamados de <span class="ff6">canais de Havers</span>. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yb5 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os <span class="blank"> </span>sistemas <span class="blank"> </span>d<span class="lsa">e <span class="blank"> </span></span>H<span class="blank _0"> </span>avers<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _19"> </span>juntos <span class="blank"> </span>formam <span class="blank"> </span>um <span class="blank"> </span>tipo <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>tecido <span class="blank"> </span>ósseo </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">chamado <span class="blank _14"> </span>de<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>osso <span class="blank _11"> </span>compacto, <span class="blank _11"> </span>por <span class="blank _14"> </span>ser <span class="blank _11"> </span>duro <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>mineralizado, <span class="blank _11"> </span>este <span class="blank _11"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _14"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb7 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">encontrado na diáfise, que é o corpo do o<span class="blank _f"></span>ss<span class="blank _0"> </span>o long<span class="blank _f"></span>o.<span class="blank _0"> </span> Por sua vez, as epífises, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb8 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">que são <span class="blank _f"></span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>pontas proximal <span class="blank _f"></span>e distal dos <span class="blank _f"></span>os<span class="blank _0"> </span>sos, <span class="blank _f"></span>são compostas <span class="blank _1"></span>por um <span class="blank _1"></span>tecido </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yb9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ósseo <span class="blank _f"></span>esponjoso. <span class="blank _f"></span>Este <span class="blank _f"></span>tecido possui <span class="blank _f"></span>trabéculas, <span class="blank _f"></span>que <span class="blank _f"></span>são <span class="blank _f"></span>porções<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>com <span class="blank _f"></span>menos </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yba ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">matriz <span class="blank _9"> </span>óssea. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Por <span class="blank _9"> </span>essa <span class="blank _4"> </span>composição, <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossos <span class="blank _9"> </span>longos <span class="blank _9"> </span>se <span class="blank _9"> </span>tornam <span class="blank _4"> </span>capazes <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ybb ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">absorver melhor o impacto sem que haja fratura. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ybc ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os <span class="blank _f"></span>ossos <span class="blank _f"></span>longos <span class="blank _f"></span>possuem <span class="blank _f"></span>cavidades <span class="blank _f"></span>medulares <span class="blank _f"></span>na <span class="blank _f"></span>di<span class="blank _0"> </span>áfise, <span class="blank _f"></span>que <span class="blank _10"></span>é o <span class="blank _10"></span>canal </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ybd ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">por <span class="blank _0"> </span>onde passa a <span class="blank _0"> </span>medula ós<span class="blank _0"> </span>sea. Existem <span class="blank _0"> </span>dois tipos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de medula, <span class="blank _0"> </span>a amarela <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ybe ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">branca <span class="blank _4"> </span>(afuncional, <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>vermelha <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _4"> </span>ficou <span class="blank _4"> </span>velha <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>tornou <span class="blank _4"> </span>gordura) <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>a </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 yb w12 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg6.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">5<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y65 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">vermelha (funcional, realiza a hematopoiese). Estas são inversamente proporcionais à idade. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 ybf ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classes de ossos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a yc0 ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos longo<span class="blank _f"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yc1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Possuem <span class="blank _7"> </span>forma <span class="blank _7"> </span>cilínd<span class="blank _1"></span>rica <span class="blank _7"> </span>alongada <span class="blank _d"> </span>com <span class="blank _7"> </span>extremidades <span class="blank _7"> </span>ala<span class="blank _1"></span>rgadas. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Sã<span class="blank _f"></span>o <span class="blank _7"> </span>vistos <span class="blank _7"> </span>nos </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">membros <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>servem <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _2"> </span>alavanca <span class="blank"> </span>para <span class="blank"> </span>os <span class="blank _2"> </span>músculos, <span class="blank"> </span>além <span class="blank _2"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>suporte <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>sustentação <span class="blank"> </span>do<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">esqueleto. <span class="blank _9"> </span>É <span class="blank _0"> </span>dividido <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>diáfis<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _9"> </span>corpo, <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>onde <span class="blank _9"> </span>passa <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>cavi<span class="blank _0"> </span>dade <span class="blank _0"> </span>medular<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _0"> </span>revestida <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">osso <span class="blank _19"> </span>compacto/denso, <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _19"> </span>epífises, <span class="blank _19"> </span>que <span class="blank"> </span>são <span class="blank _19"> </span>as <span class="blank"> </span>extremidad<span class="blank _0"> </span>es <span class="blank"> </span>distal <span class="blank _19"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>proximal <span class="blank _19"> </span>onde <span class="blank _19"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y13 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">encontram <span class="blank _10"></span>as <span class="blank _10"></span>regiões <span class="blank _10"></span>de <span class="blank _10"></span>superfícies <span class="blank _10"></span>articulares.<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _10"></span>Os <span class="blank _10"></span>ossos <span class="blank _10"></span>longos <span class="blank _10"></span>formam <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _10"></span>base <span class="blank _10"></span>dos <span class="blank _10"></span>membros, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc5 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">como o úmero, tíbia, os ossos metacarpais e outros. </div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a yc6 ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos plano<span class="blank _f"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yc7 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Um <span class="blank _e"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _e"> </span>clássico <span class="blank _e"> </span>é <span class="blank _e"> </span>a <span class="blank _e"> </span>escápula. <span class="blank _e"> </span>Os<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _a"> </span>ossos <span class="blank _e"> </span>planos <span class="blank _e"> </span>são <span class="blank _e"> </span>um <span class="blank _e"> </span>tipo <span class="blank _e"> </span>de <span class="blank _e"> </span>osso<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc8 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">compactado/achatado <span class="blank _d"> </span>latero-lateralmente <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span>expandido. <span class="blank _19"> </span>Res<span class="blank _0"> </span>ulta <span class="blank _19"> </span>em <span class="blank _d"> </span>maior <span class="blank _d"> </span>área <span class="blank _d"> </span>para <span class="blank _d"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">proteção <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>vísceras <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>origem <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>músculos. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Desse <span class="blank _5"> </span>modo, <span class="blank _4"> </span>sua <span class="blank _5"> </span>principal <span class="blank _4"> </span>função <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yca ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">proteger <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>aderir <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>membros, <span class="blank _4"> </span>assim <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>enc<span class="blank _0"> </span>ontrado <span class="blank _4"> </span>nos <span class="blank _4"> </span>c<span class="blank _0"> </span>íngulos <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _5"> </span>membros <span class="blank _4"> </span>pélvicos <span class="blank _5"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ycb ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">torácicos. <span class="blank _14"> </span>Nos <span class="blank _14"> </span>animais <span class="blank _14"> </span>domésticos <span class="blank _14"> </span>é <span class="blank _14"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>único <span class="blank _11"> </span>presente <span class="blank _14"> </span>nessa <span class="blank _14"> </span>região. <span class="blank _14"> </span>A <span class="blank _14"> </span>esse <span class="blank _14"> </span>exemplo, <span class="blank _14"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ycc ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">escápula é presa ao corpo apenas por músculos, a única ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulação presente é a que articula </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ycd ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">com <span class="blank _10"></span>o <span class="blank _10"></span>úmer<span class="blank _0"> </span>o. <span class="blank _10"></span>Outro <span class="blank _10"></span>osso <span class="blank _10"></span>plano <span class="blank _f"></span>é <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>mandíbula, <span class="blank _10"></span>assim <span class="blank _10"></span>como <span class="blank _10"></span>o <span class="blank _f"></span>osso <span class="blank _10"></span>coxal <span class="blank _10"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>seus <span class="blank _10"></span>componentes. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yce ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os ossos planos são <span class="blank _f"></span>compostos por duas lâminas de osso <span class="blank _f"></span>compac<span class="blank _0"> </span>to e <span class="blank _f"></span>no meio há uma </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ycf ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">lâmina de osso esponjoso. </div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a yd0 ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos pn<span class="blank _f"></span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>umáti<span class="blank _f"></span>cos </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yd1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Em mamíferos <span class="blank _0"> </span>os ossos pneumáticos <span class="blank _0"> </span>são en<span class="blank _0"> </span>contrados na <span class="blank _0"> </span>face, sendo ossos planos <span class="blank _0"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">envolvem <span class="blank _11"> </span>cavidades <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>ar <span class="blank _11"> </span>(osso <span class="blank _11"> </span>+ <span class="blank _11"> </span>mucosa). <span class="blank _11"> </span>São <span class="blank _5"> </span>forma<span class="blank _0"> </span>dos <span class="blank _11"> </span>pela <span class="blank _5"> </span>reabsorção <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>substância<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">óssea. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Em <span class="blank _0"> </span>aves, <span class="blank _0"> </span>são <span class="blank _0"> </span>vistos <span class="blank _0"> </span>os<span class="blank _0"> </span>sos <span class="blank _0"> </span>pneumáticos <span class="blank _0"> </span>nos <span class="blank _0"> </span>membros<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>cíngulos, <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>haja <span class="blank _0"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">leveza, facilitando o voo. </div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a yd5 ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos cur<span class="blank _f"></span>t<span class="blank _0"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y22 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _4"> </span>encontrados <span class="blank _9"> </span>principalmente <span class="blank _4"> </span>nas <span class="blank _9"> </span>mãos <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>pés <span class="blank _9"> </span>(car<span class="blank _0"> </span>po <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _9"> </span>tarso). <span class="blank _4"> </span>Apresentam <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>três </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dimensões <span class="blank _3"> </span>relativamente <span class="blank _14"> </span>equivalentes. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Não <span class="blank _3"> </span>apresentam <span class="blank _3"> </span>cavidade <span class="blank _3"> </span>medular. <span class="blank _14"> </span>São <span class="blank _3"> </span>formados </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd7 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">externamente <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _0"> </span>uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>delgada <span class="blank _9"> </span>c<span class="blank _f"></span>ama<span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _0"> </span>ósseo <span class="blank _9"> </span>compacto. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Sua <span class="blank _0"> </span>principal <span class="blank _9"> </span>função <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 yd8 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">de absorção de choques.<span class="ff9"> </span></div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a yd9 ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos ses<span class="blank _f"></span>amóides </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yda ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _0"> </span>um tipo <span class="blank _0"> </span>especial de oss<span class="blank _0"> </span>os curtos. <span class="blank _0"> </span>São encontrados <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>cavidades articulares e <span class="blank _0"> </span>tem </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ydb ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">como funções básicas: <span class="blank _0"> </span>re<span class="blank _f"></span>duzi<span class="blank _0"> </span>r o atrito entre tendões e ossos, r<span class="blank _0"> </span>edirecionar tendões e altera<span class="lse">r </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ydc ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">o <span class="blank _f"></span>angulo de <span class="blank _f"></span>tração <span class="blank _f"></span>dos <span class="blank _f"></span>mús<span class="blank _0"> </span>culos <span class="blank _f"></span>para <span class="blank _f"></span>que<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>haja <span class="blank _f"></span>uma maior<span class="blank _f"></span> eficiência <span class="blank _f"></span>mecânica <span class="blank _f"></span>com um <span class="blank _f"></span>menor<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ydd ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">trabalho. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Um <span class="blank _9"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _0"> </span>muito <span class="blank _9"> </span>importante <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>osso <span class="blank _0"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>esamóide <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>patela, <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>funciona <span class="blank _9"> </span>com<span class="blank _f"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yde ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">roldana para a articulação do joelho. </div><div class="t m2 x10 h1a ydf ff5 fsd fc9 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ossos irr<span class="blank _f"></span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>gular<span class="blank _f"></span>es </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ye0 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Encontrados <span class="blank _0"> </span>no esqueleto axi<span class="blank _0"> </span>al, são sempre <span class="blank _0"> </span>encontrados em <span class="blank _0"> </span>número <span class="blank _0"> </span>ímpar <span class="blank _0"> </span>no corpo, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ye1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sem haver <span class="blank _f"></span>direita ou <span class="blank _f"></span>esquerda. A <span class="blank _f"></span>sua forma <span class="blank _f"></span>não é <span class="blank _f"></span>definida, variando <span class="blank _f"></span>de ac<span class="blank _f"></span>ordo com a <span class="blank _f"></span>função. </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 ye2 ff3 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Artrologia </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ye3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">As <span class="blank _9"> </span>articulações <span class="blank _0"> </span>possuem <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>função <span class="blank _9"> </span>de<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>unir <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>ossos <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>outros <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecidos <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>outros <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossos. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ye4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Podem ser de tipo fibroso, cartilaginosa, ambas ou sinoviais<span class="lsa">. </span> </div><div class="t m0 x29 h14 ye5 ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulações fibrosas<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ye6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Nessas <span class="blank _2"> </span>articulações <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank"> </span>união <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank"> </span>por <span class="blank _2"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _2"> </span>fibrosos. <span class="blank _2"> </span>Desse <span class="blank"> </span>modo, <span class="blank _3"> </span>são <span class="blank _2"> </span>articulações </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf ye7 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">fixas/imóveis <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>maioria <span class="blank _10"></span>sofre <span class="blank _f"></span>ossificação <span class="blank _10"></span>com <span class="blank _f"></span>o <span class="blank _f"></span>tempo, <span class="blank _10"></span>passando <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>ser <span class="blank _f"></span>chamada <span class="blank _f"></span>de <span class="blank _10"></span>sinostose. </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x11 yb w13 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg7.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">6<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y65 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esse <span class="blank _9"> </span>nível <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossificação <span class="blank _9"> </span>pode <span class="blank _9"> </span>ser <span class="blank _9"> </span>usado <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>indicar <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>idade <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _4"> </span>animal <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>necropsia. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Existem três tipos de articulações fibrosas: <span class="ff6 ws8">sutura</span><span class="lsc">, <span class="blank _0"> </span></span><span class="ff6 ws8">sindesmose</span><span class="ls8"> <span class="lsa">e </span></span><span class="ff6 ws8">gonfose</span>. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 ye8 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sutura </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf ye9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Encontrada <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossos <span class="blank _9"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>cabeça<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>importante <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _9"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>passagem <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>feto <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _9"> </span>canal <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yea ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">parto, <span class="blank _9"> </span>além <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>fornecer <span class="blank _0"> </span>espaço <span class="blank _9"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>estruturas <span class="blank _0"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"> </span>nternas <span class="blank _9"> </span>expandirem <span class="blank _0"> </span>conforme <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>tempo. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yeb ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _0"> </span>vistas <span class="blank _0"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>linhas <span class="blank _0"> </span>escuras <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _0"> </span>animais <span class="blank _0"> </span>jovens. <span class="blank _0"> </span>É <span class="blank _0"> </span>um <span class="blank _9"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>articulação <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>ossifica </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yec ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">posteriormente. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 yed ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sindesmose </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yee ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">União por <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecido fibroso e/ou elástico. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Pode ossificar ou não, variando <span class="blank _0"> </span>de acordo com </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yef ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">o local <span class="blank _f"></span>e espécie. <span class="blank _f"></span>Em casos onde <span class="blank _f"></span>não ocorre a <span class="blank _f"></span>ossificação, <span class="blank _f"></span>pode haver con<span class="blank _f"></span>tribuição de tecido<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf0 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">elástico. <span class="blank"> </span>Exemplos <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>sindesmose: <span class="blank"> </span>Metacarpo/tarso <span class="blank"> </span>rudimentar; <span class="blank"> </span>rádio<span class="blank _0"> </span>/ulna <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank"> </span>tíbia/fíbula </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">parcial <span class="blank _14"> </span>ou <span class="blank _3"> </span>totalmente <span class="blank _14"> </span>fusionadas; <span class="blank _14"> </span>cartilagens <span class="blank _14"> </span>costais; <span class="blank _3"> </span>dentre <span class="blank _14"> </span>outros. <span class="blank _14"> </span>Em <span class="blank _14"> </span>rádio <span class="blank _3"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>ulna <span class="blank _3"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">equinos <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>ruminantes <span class="blank _11"> </span>pode <span class="blank _5"> </span>hav<span class="blank _0"> </span>er <span class="blank _5"> </span>oss<span class="blank _0"> </span>ificação <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _11"> </span>articulação <span class="blank _5"> </span>sindesmose. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Em <span class="blank _5"> </span>car<span class="blank _0"> </span>nívoros <span class="blank _5"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">suínos estas <span class="blank _f"></span>não ossificam. <span class="blank _f"></span>Por sua <span class="blank _f"></span>vez, na <span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>indes<span class="blank _1"></span>mose da <span class="blank _f"></span>tíbia e <span class="blank _f"></span>fíb<span class="blank _0"> </span>ula de <span class="blank _f"></span>equinos não <span class="blank _f"></span>ocorre </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ossificação, enquanto em ruminantes é ossificado. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 yf5 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Gonfose </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yf6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Entre dentes e os alvéolos dentários. Ocorre entre os ligamentos periodontais. </div><div class="t m0 x2a h14 yf7 ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulação cartilaginos<span class="blank _0"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yf8 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Pode <span class="blank _5"> </span>ser <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>dois <span class="blank _4"> </span>tipos, <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">sincond<span class="blank _0"> </span>rose</span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">sínfise</span>. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Varia <span class="blank _5"> </span>entre <span class="blank _5"> </span>imóvel <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>pouco <span class="blank _4"> </span>móvel, <span class="blank _5"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yf9 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">acordo <span class="blank _14"> </span>com <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>local <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _14"> </span>espécie. <span class="blank _11"> </span>É <span class="blank _14"> </span>composto <span class="blank _11"> </span>por <span class="blank _11"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _14"> </span>fibrocartilaginos<span class="blank _f"></span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>e/ou <span class="blank _11"> </span>cartil<span class="blank _0"> </span>agem </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yfa ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">hialina. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Cobre <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _9"> </span>superfícies <span class="blank _9"> </span>articulares <span class="blank _4"> </span>dos <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossos. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Um <span class="blank _4"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _9"> </span>são <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>linhas <span class="blank _9"> </span>epifisárias <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yfb ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">metaepifisárias em ossos longos (sincondrose), que ossificam antes mesmo da idade adulta. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 yfc ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sincondrose </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf yfd ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Dependendo <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>sexo <span class="blank _9"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>espécie <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>animal <span class="blank _0"> </span>pode <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossificar, <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _0"> </span>em <span class="blank _9"> </span>grande </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yfe ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">maioria. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Um <span class="blank _0"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _9"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>junção <span class="blank _0"> </span>costocondral <span class="blank _9"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"></span>a <span class="blank _9"> </span>costela <span class="blank _0"> </span>(normalmente <span class="blank _0"> </span>não <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossifica); <span class="blank _0"> </span>assim </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yff ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">como visto na mandíbula de equinos e suínos <span class="ff7 ws8">\u2013</span> sincondrose intermandibular. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y100 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Sinfise </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y101 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Composto <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _4"> </span>fibrocartilagem, <span class="blank _4"> </span>raramente <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossifica. <span class="blank _4"> </span>A <span class="blank _9"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>ínfise <span class="blank _4"> </span>pélvica <span class="blank _9"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>machos <span class="blank _4"> </span>pode </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y102 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ossificar, <span class="blank _2"> </span>enquanto <span class="blank _2"> </span>nas <span class="blank _3"> </span>fêmea<span class="blank _0"> </span>s <span class="blank _3"> </span>é <span class="blank _2"> </span>rara <span class="blank _2"> </span>ou <span class="blank _2"> </span>nula <span class="blank _2"> </span>a <span class="blank _2"> </span>ossificação, <span class="blank _2"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>vez <span class="blank _2"> </span>que <span class="blank _2"> </span>é <span class="blank _18"> </span>necessário </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y103 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">mobilidade para a passagem do feto no<span class="blank _f"></span> momento<span class="blank _0"> </span> do parto. Em <span class="blank _f"></span>ca<span class="blank _0"> </span>rnívoros e <span class="blank _1"></span>ruminantes há a<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y104 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sínfise mandibular. Outro exemplo é a articulação entre os corpos/discos das vertebras. </div><div class="t m0 x2b h14 y105 ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Articulações sinoviais<span class="blank _0"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y106 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Também <span class="blank _4"> </span>chamadas <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>verdadeiras, <span class="blank _9"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>ão <span class="blank _4"> </span>articulações <span class="blank _9"> </span>móveis <span class="blank _4"> </span>podendo <span class="blank _9"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _4"> </span>classificadas </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y107 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">como <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">simples</span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>se <span class="blank _0"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"> </span>nvolver <span class="blank _0"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _0"> </span>dois<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>ossos, <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">compostas</span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>envolvendo <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _9"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>dois <span class="blank _9"> </span>ossos.<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y108 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Possui <span class="blank _0"> </span>diferentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>componentes,<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>sendo <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>cá<span class="blank _0"> </span>psula ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticular <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>porção <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>externa, <span class="blank _9"> </span>revestindo<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y109 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">toda <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>articulação. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Internamente <span class="blank _4"> </span>à <span class="blank _5"> </span>cápsula <span class="blank _4"> </span>há <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _5"> </span>membrana <span class="blank _4"> </span>sinovial, <span class="blank _4"> </span>onde <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>células <span class="blank _4"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y10a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">especializadas em filtrar/transformar o sangue em líquido sinovial. A cartilagem articular é do<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y10b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tipo cartilagem hialina. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y10c ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ligamentos </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y10d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _11"> </span>faixas <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _11"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _11"> </span>fibroso <span class="blank _11"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>lig<span class="blank _0"> </span>am <span class="blank _11"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>osso <span class="blank _11"> </span>ao <span class="blank _11"> </span>outro. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Pode <span class="blank _14"> </span>ser <span class="blank _11"> </span>intra <span class="blank _11"> </span>ou <span class="blank _11"> </span>extra </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y10e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articular, <span class="blank _2"> </span>ou <span class="blank _3"> </span>seja<span class="blank _0"> </span>, <span class="blank _3"> </span>estando <span class="blank _3"> </span>dentro <span class="blank _2"> </span>ou <span class="blank _3"> </span>fora<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _3"> </span>da <span class="blank"> </span>cavidade. <span class="blank _3"> </span>Os <span class="blank _3"> </span>lig<span class="blank _0"> </span>amentos <span class="blank _3"> </span>extra <span class="blank _2"> </span>articulares </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y10f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">costumam estar fundidas com a cápsula fibrosa. </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x11 yb w14 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg8.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">7<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y110 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Discos e meninscos </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y111 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">São <span class="blank _14"> </span>pla<span class="blank _0"> </span>cas <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _3"> </span>fibrocartilagem <span class="blank _14"> </span>que <span class="blank _3"> </span>aumentam <span class="blank _14"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>congruência </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y112 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">entre <span class="blank _1a"> </span>as <span class="blank _1c"> </span>superfícies <span class="blank _1a"> </span>articulares, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>aumentando <span class="blank _1c"> </span>a <span class="blank _1c"> </span>amplitude <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y113 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">movimento <span class="blank _14"> </span>e <span class="blank _3"> </span>diminuindo <span class="blank _14"> </span>a <span class="blank _3"> </span>concussão. <span class="blank _3"> </span>O <span class="blank _3"> </span>menisco <span class="blank _14"> </span>está <span class="blank _3"> </span>presente </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y114 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">entre <span class="blank _0"> </span>duas <span class="blank _0"> </span>superfícies côncavas <span class="blank _0"> </span>(côndilos), <span class="blank _0"> </span>onde <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>único <span class="blank _0"> </span>exemplo é </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y115 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">na articulação do joelho. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y116 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Por <span class="blank _4"> </span>sua <span class="blank _4"> </span>vez, <span class="blank _9"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>discos <span class="blank _4"> </span>são <span class="blank _9"> </span>encontrados <span class="blank _4"> </span>entre <span class="blank _4"> </span>uma <span class="blank _4"> </span>superfície </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y117 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">côncava e <span class="blank _f"></span>outra convexa.<span class="blank _f"></span> Um exemplo <span class="blank _f"></span>é na <span class="blank _f"></span>fossa <span class="blank _f"></span>da têmpora com<span class="blank _f"></span> o </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y118 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">côndilo mandibular (Art. temporo-mandibular). </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y119 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Movimentos e eixos<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y11a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Além <span class="blank _0"> </span>dos movimentos <span class="blank _0"> </span>citados na </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y11b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tabela <span class="blank _f"></span>ao <span class="blank _f"></span>lado, <span class="blank _f"></span>pode <span class="blank _f"></span>ser f<span class="blank _f"></span>eito <span class="blank _f"></span>também <span class="blank _f"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y11c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">movimento <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">rotação</span>, <span class="blank _14"> </span>que <span class="blank _14"> </span>é <span class="blank _14"> </span>quando </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y11d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">gira <span class="blank _d"> </span>no <span class="blank _d"> </span>próprio <span class="blank _d"> </span>eixo, <span class="blank _d"> </span>e <span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">circundação</span>, <span class="blank _d"> </span>que <span class="blank _d"> </span>é <span class="blank _d"> </span>a <span class="blank _d"> </span>combinação <span class="blank _7"> </span>d<span class="blank _f"></span>a <span class="blank _7"> </span>flex<span class="blank _f"></span>ão/extens<span class="blank _0"> </span>ão <span class="blank _d"> </span>com <span class="blank _d"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y11e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">adução/abdução. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Este <span class="blank _9"> </span>ultimo <span class="blank _4"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>classificado <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">biaxial</span>, <span class="blank _4"> </span>pois <span class="blank _4"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>dois <span class="blank _9"> </span>eixos<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Nesse </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y11f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">mesmo <span class="blank _11"> </span>principio, <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">uni<span class="blank _0"> </span>axi<span class="blank _1"></span>al<span class="ff4 ws0"> <span class="blank _11"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>quando <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>movimento <span class="blank _5"> </span>ocorre <span class="blank _11"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>ape<span class="blank _0"> </span>nas <span class="blank _5"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>eixo <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _11"> </span></span>multiaxial<span class="ff4 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y120 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">quando ocorre em todos os eixos (ex. articulação do quadril). </div><div class="t m0 x2c he y121 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y122 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classificação de aco<span class="blank _f"></span>rdo com a forma da s<span class="blank _1"></span>uperfície artic<span class="blank _1"></span>ular </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y123 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Plana: <span class="blank _0"> </span>só faz <span class="blank _0"> </span>movimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>de deslizamento <span class="blank _0"> </span>(movimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>restrito). </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y29 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ex: vértebras. </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y124 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Gínglimo <span class="blank _4"> </span>(dobradiça): <span class="blank _4"> </span>uniaxial, <span class="blank _4"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>movimentos <span class="blank _4"> </span>são <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _9"> </span>flexã<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>e </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y125 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">extensão. <span class="blank _7"> </span>Ex: <span class="blank _8"> </span>articulação <span class="blank _7"> </span>do <span class="blank _7"> </span>cotovelo; <span class="blank _7"> </span>metacárpico/társica<span class="blank _0"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y126 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">falangica. <span class="blank _10"></span>É <span class="blank _10"></span>um <span class="blank _f"></span>cilindro <span class="blank _10"></span>que <span class="blank _10"></span>se <span class="blank _10"></span>encaixa <span class="blank _f"></span>em <span class="blank _10"></span>uma <span class="blank _10"></span>superfície <span class="blank _10"></span>côncava </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y127 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">(tróclea). </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y128 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Trocóide (pivô): Assim como as demais, o movim<span class="blank _f"></span>ento r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ealizado </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y129 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">é <span class="blank _f"></span>uniaxial, <span class="blank _f"></span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>diferença <span class="blank _f"></span>é <span class="blank _f"></span>que <span class="blank _f"></span>ocorre <span class="blank _f"></span>o <span class="blank _f"></span>movimento <span class="blank _f"></span>de <span class="blank _f"></span>rotação. <span class="blank _f"></span>Ex: </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y12a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação <span class="blank _d"> </span>atlanto-axial <span class="blank _d"> </span>(C1-C2). <span class="blank _19"> </span>Composto <span class="blank _d"> </span>por <span class="blank _d"> </span>uma <span class="blank _d"> </span>base </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y12b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">côncava e <span class="blank _f"></span>um <span class="blank _1"></span>cilindro <span class="blank _f"></span>que movimenta <span class="blank _f"></span>entre si <span class="blank _f"></span>(fóvea do <span class="blank _f"></span>dente e </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y12c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">dente do axis). </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y12d ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Condilar: <span class="blank _10"></span>quand<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _10"></span>uma <span class="blank _10"></span>das <span class="blank _10"></span>superfícies <span class="blank _10"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulares <span class="blank _10"></span>envolvidas <span class="blank _10"></span>é <span class="blank _10"></span>um </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y12e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">côndilo. <span class="blank _15"> </span>Movimento <span class="blank _1d"> </span>biaxial <span class="blank _15"> </span>restrito <span class="blank _1d"> </span><span class="ff7 ws8">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _15"> </span>flexão/extensão <span class="blank _15"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y12f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">adução/abdução, <span class="blank _19"> </span>embora <span class="blank _19"> </span>o <span class="blank _d"> </span>segundo <span class="blank _19"> </span>seja <span class="blank _19"> </span>bem <span class="blank _19"> </span>limitado. <span class="blank _d"> </span>Ex: </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y130 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação <span class="blank _d"> </span>do <span class="blank _19"> </span>joelho; <span class="blank _d"> </span>articulação <span class="blank _d"> </span>temporo-mandibular, <span class="blank _19"> </span>este </div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y131 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">possui um disco de tecido adiposo. </div></div><div class="c x2e y132 w15 h1b"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Eixo crânio caudal<span class="blank _f"></span> </div></div><div class="c x2f y132 w16 h1b"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Plano mediano </div></div><div class="c x2e y133 w17 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Flexão </div></div><div class="c x7 y133 w18 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Extensão </div></div><div class="c x2f y133 w19 h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Adução </div></div><div class="c x30 y133 w1a h12"><div class="t m0 x15 he y4c ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Abdução </div></div><div class="c x2e y134 w17 h1c"><div class="t m0 x15 he y135 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Diminui o </div><div class="t m0 x15 he y4f ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ângulo </div></div><div class="c x7 y134 w18 h1c"><div class="t m0 x15 he y135 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Aumenta o </div><div class="t m0 x15 he y4f ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ângulo </div></div><div class="c x2f y134 w19 h1c"><div class="t m0 x15 he y136 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Aproxima </div></div><div class="c x30 y134 w1a h1c"><div class="t m0 x15 he y136 ff4 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Afasta </div></div><div class="c x31 y137 w1b h1d"><div class="t m0 x32 h9 y138 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">Os equinos não re<span class="blank _0"> </span>alizam </div><div class="t m0 x33 h9 y139 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">abdução/adução nos </div><div class="t m0 x4 h9 y13a ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">membros </div></div><div class="c x34 y13b w1c h1e"><div class="t m0 x1a h9 y138 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">Equinos e b<span class="blank _0"> </span>ovinos fazem hiperex<span class="blank _0"> </span>tensão da articulação </div><div class="t m0 x35 h9 y139 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">metacárpico/tarsi<span class="blank _0"> </span>co-falangica fisiologicamente q<span class="blank _0"> </span>uando </div><div class="t m0 x36 h9 y13a ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">o membro está apoiado<span class="blank _0"> </span> no solo. </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 yb wb ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bg9.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">8<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y65 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Selar: <span class="blank _1a"> </span>articulação <span class="blank _a"> </span>biaxial, <span class="blank _1a"> </span>realiza <span class="blank _1a"> </span>movimento <span class="blank _1a"> </span>de <span class="blank _1a"> </span>circundação. <span class="blank _1a"> </span>Ex: <span class="blank _a"> </span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">interfalangicas distais dos carnívoros. </div><div class="t m0 x2d h11 y93 ff8 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws6">o<span class="ff1 ls7 ws0"> <span class="ff4 ls1">Esfenoidal: Articulação <span class="blank _0"> </span>multiaxial. Ex: <span class="blank _0"> </span>articulação do quadr<span class="blank _0"> </span>il, onde a <span class="blank _0"> </span>cabeça do fémur </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y13c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">articula com a superfície côncava da face lunata/acetábulo. </div><div class="t m0 x37 hf y13d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h1f y13e ff3 fse fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membro torá<span class="blank _f"></span>cico </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y13f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre a <span class="blank _0"> </span>cavida<span class="blank _0"> </span>de glenóide (escá<span class="blank _0"> </span>pula) e <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>cabeça <span class="blank _0"> </span>do úmero <span class="blank _0"> </span></span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Art. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Escapulo-umeral <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y140 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">gleno-umeral ou do ombro; </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y141 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span>côndilo <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _11"> </span>úmero, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>cabeça <span class="blank _11"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>rádio <span class="blank _11"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>incisura <span class="blank _5"> </span>troclear <span class="blank _11"> </span>da <span class="blank _4"> </span>ulna<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span><span class="ff7 ws8">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>Art. </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y142 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Úmero-rádio-ulnar ou do cotovel<span class="ls4 ws3">o;</span> </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y143 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">3º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre <span class="blank"> </span>o <span class="blank"> </span>antebraço <span class="blank"> </span>(t<span class="blank _f"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ó<span class="blank _1"></span>clea <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>rádio) <span class="blank"> </span>e <span class="blank _2"> </span>file<span class="blank _0"> </span>ira <span class="blank _2"> </span>proximal <span class="blank"> </span>do <span class="blank"> </span>carpo <span class="blank _19"> </span><span class="ff7 ws8">\u2013</span> <span class="blank _2"> </span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulação </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y144 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">braquiocárpica; </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y145 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">4º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre as fileiras dos carpos </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Intercápica ou mediocárpica; </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y146 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">5º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre a fileira distal e os metacarpos </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Carpometacárpica; </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y147 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">6º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre o metacarpo e as falanges proximais </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Metacárpico-falangica; </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y148 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">7º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre as falanges proximais e médias <span class="ff7 lsf">\u2013</span> Art. Interfalangica proximal; </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y149 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">8º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre as falanges médias e distais </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Interfalangica distal. </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y14a ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Membro pélvico<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y14b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>face <span class="blank _0"> </span>lunata <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>osso coxal <span class="blank _0"> </span>com <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>cabeça <span class="blank _0"> </span>do <span class="blank _0"> </span>fêmur <span class="blank _0"> </span></span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> <span class="blank _0"> </span>Art. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Coxofemoral <span class="blank _0"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>do </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y14c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">quadril; </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y14d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre a patela, o fêmur, a tíbia e a fíbula </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Fêmur-tibio-patelar ou do joelho; </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y14e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">3º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _11"> </span>tíbia, <span class="blank _4"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>fíbula <span class="blank _4"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>fileira <span class="blank _5"> </span>proximal <span class="blank _4"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>tarso <span class="blank _11"> </span></span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> <span class="blank _4"> </span>Art. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Tíbio-fibula-társica <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>do </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hf y14f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">jarrete <span class="blank _10"></span>(em <span class="blank _f"></span>equinos <span class="blank _10"></span>que <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _10"></span>tíbia <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>fíbula <span class="blank _10"></span>são <span class="blank _f"></span>fusionadas, <span class="blank _10"></span>a <span class="blank _10"></span>articulação <span class="blank _f"></span>é <span class="blank _10"></span>chamada <span class="blank _10"></span>apenas </div><div class="t m0 xc hf y150 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">de tibiotársica); </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y151 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Depois os nomes passam a ser os mesmos do que no membro pélvico. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y152 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Esqueleto axial </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y153 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">1º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre o osso temporal e o côndilo da mandíbula </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Temporo-mandibular. </span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y154 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">2º.<span class="ff1 ls9 ws0"> </span><span class="ws0">Entre duas vértebras e uma costela </span><span class="ff7">\u2013</span><span class="ws0"> Art. Costovertebral </span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h10 y155 ff3 fs9 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws0">Miologia </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y156 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Em <span class="blank _19"> </span>aparelho <span class="blank _19"> </span>locomotor <span class="blank _19"> </span>o <span class="blank _19"> </span>tecido <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank _19"> </span>interesse <span class="blank _19"> </span>é <span class="blank _19"> </span>o <span class="blank _19"> </span>músculo </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y157 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">estriado <span class="blank _9"> </span>esquelético. <span class="blank _9"> </span>O <span class="blank _0"> </span>múscul<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>todo <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _9"> </span>recoberto <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _9"> </span>lâmina <span class="blank _9"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y158 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tecido <span class="blank _2"> </span>conjuntivo <span class="blank _2"> </span>denso, <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff6 ls8 wsd">ep<span class="ls1 ws8">imísio</span></span>; <span class="blank _2"> </span>abaixo <span class="blank"> </span>d<span class="blank _f"></span>ele, <span class="blank"> </span>uma <span class="blank _3"> </span>camada <span class="blank _2"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y159 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">frouxa, o <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ff6 ws8">perimísio<span class="ff4 ws0">, recobre <span class="blank _f"></span>os<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>pequenos<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>feixes (fascículos), <span class="blank _f"></span>nos quais a<span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y15a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">fibras estão<span class="blank _f"></span> agrupadas. <span class="blank _f"></span>Cada fibra, <span class="blank _f"></span>por fim, <span class="blank _f"></span>possui <span class="blank _1"></span>sua p<span class="blank _1"></span>rópria e <span class="blank _f"></span>delicada </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y15b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">cobertura, <span class="blank _3"> </span>o <span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">endomísio</span>. <span class="blank _14"> </span>Ess<span class="blank _0"> </span>es <span class="blank _14"> </span>componentes <span class="blank _3"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _3"> </span>conjuntivo <span class="blank _3"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y15c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">fundem em <span class="blank _0"> </span>cada extremidade do <span class="blank _0"> </span>ventre muscular e continuam <span class="blank _0"> </span>como tendões pelos quais os </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y15d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">músculos <span class="blank"> </span>se <span class="blank"> </span>fixam. <span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls10">O <span class="blank _19"> </span></span><span class="ff6 ws8">ventre</span> <span class="blank"> </span>é <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>parte <span class="blank"> </span>de <span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _f"></span>us<span class="blank _0"> </span>culatura <span class="blank"> </span>esquelética, <span class="blank _2"> </span>ou <span class="blank _19"> </span>seja, <span class="blank"> </span>a <span class="blank"> </span>porção<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y15e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">contrátil/funcional. </div></div><div class="c x2a y15f w1d h20"><div class="t m0 x38 h21 y160 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">Art. <span class="ff5 wse">Úmero-rádio-<span class="blank"> </span>ul<span class="blank"> </span>nar</span>: ch<span class="blank _0"> </span>amada de </div><div class="t m0 x1c h9 y161 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">condilar em dobradiça, é um<span class="blank _0"> </span>a excessão à </div><div class="t m0 x32 h9 y162 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">regra (alguns autor<span class="blank _0"> </span>es dividem o côndilo do </div><div class="t m0 x1c h9 y163 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">úmero em dois -tróc<span class="blank _0"> </span>lea e capítulo. Desse </div><div class="t m0 x22 h9 y164 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">modo não seria consider<span class="blank _0"> </span>ada uma </div><div class="t m0 x32 h9 y165 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls1 ws0">articulação condilar pelo<span class="blank _0"> </span>s mesmos, apenas </div><div class="t m0 x39 h9 y166 ff4 fs6 fca sc0 ls11 wsf">do<span class="ls1 ws0">bradiça.<span class="blank _0"> </span> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x10 yb w1e ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d6f8a334-8d8b-40fc-b0a8-151029936b52/bga.png"><div class="c x1 y1 w2 h0"><div class="t m0 xa hb yc ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 xb hb yd ff4 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls1 ws1">9<span class="fc0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc hb ye ff4 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y65 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os <span class="blank _f"></span>músculos <span class="blank _f"></span>são <span class="blank _f"></span>recobertos <span class="blank _f"></span>individualmente por <span class="blank _10"></span><span class="ff6 ws8">fáscias<span class="ff4 ws0">, <span class="blank _1"></span>que <span class="blank _f"></span>são <span class="blank _f"></span>lâm<span class="blank _0"> </span>inas <span class="blank _f"></span>extensas, <span class="blank _f"></span>finas </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y66 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">e <span class="blank _f"></span>entrelaçadas, <span class="blank _f"></span>compostas <span class="blank _f"></span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>incipalmente <span class="blank _10"></span>por<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _f"></span>fibras <span class="blank _f"></span>de <span class="blank _1"></span>colágeno <span class="blank _f"></span>e <span class="blank _f"></span>elásticas. <span class="blank _f"></span>Essas <span class="blank _f"></span>fibr<span class="blank _0"> </span>as <span class="blank _f"></span>estão<span class="blank _1"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y93 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">voltadas <span class="blank _0"> </span>para <span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _0"> </span>mesma <span class="blank _0"> </span>direção <span class="blank _0"> </span>das <span class="blank _0"> </span>forças <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>tensão <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>estresse <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>atuam <span class="blank _0"> </span>sobre <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>músculo. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y13c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Ao recobrir <span class="blank _f"></span>o ventre <span class="blank _f"></span>muscular, tornam <span class="blank _f"></span>a superfície lisa e <span class="blank _f"></span>sem atrito, <span class="blank _f"></span>permitindo liberdade <span class="blank _f"></span>de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y167 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">movimento <span class="blank _11"> </span>entre <span class="blank _11"> </span>os <span class="blank _11"> </span>músculos <span class="blank _11"> </span>individuais <span class="blank _11"> </span>vizinhos. <span class="blank _11"> </span>São <span class="blank _11"> </span>divididas <span class="blank _11"> </span>em <span class="blank _11"> </span>dois <span class="blank _11"> </span>tipos: <span class="blank _11"> </span>as <span class="blank _11"> </span>fáscias<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y168 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">superficiais e as profundas, onde a primeira é mais fina e separa o músculo da pele, enquanto<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y169 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">a segunda é<span class="blank _1"></span> mais re<span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>istente e <span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>epara <span class="blank _f"></span>o músculo do <span class="blank _f"></span>oss<span class="blank _0"> </span>o. <span class="blank _f"></span>Além disso, pode <span class="blank _f"></span>hav<span class="blank _0"> </span>er também<span class="blank _f"></span> um </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y16a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">terceiro tipo,<span class="blank _f"></span> as intermu<span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>culares <span class="blank _f"></span>ou intermédias, <span class="blank _f"></span>que sep<span class="blank _f"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"> </span>a <span class="blank _f"></span>dois músculo<span class="blank _f"></span>s. As <span class="blank _f"></span>fáscias são <span class="blank _f"></span>um </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y16b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">espessamento/continuação do epimísio. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y16c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>músculos s<span class="blank _0"> </span>empre s<span class="blank _0"> </span>e fixam <span class="blank _0"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>meio<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>tendões <span class="blank _0"> </span>de <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecido <span class="blank _0"> </span>conj<span class="blank _0"> </span>untivo; <span class="blank _0"> </span>quando <span class="blank _0"> </span>eles </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yc6 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">são <span class="blank _14"> </span>tão <span class="blank _11"> </span>curtos <span class="blank _14"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>mal <span class="blank _11"> </span>são <span class="blank _14"> </span>notados, <span class="blank _11"> </span>diz<span class="blank _0"> </span>-se <span class="blank _11"> </span>que <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span>músculo <span class="blank _11"> </span>possui <span class="blank _14"> </span>inserções <span class="blank _14"> </span>di<span class="blank _f"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>etas. <span class="blank _11"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y16d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tendões <span class="blank _14"> </span>são <span class="blank _14"> </span>composto<span class="blank _1"></span>s, <span class="blank _14"> </span>quase <span class="blank _11"> </span>inteir<span class="blank _0"> </span>amente, <span class="blank _14"> </span>de<span class="blank _f"></span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>feixes <span class="blank _14"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span>colágeno <span class="blank _11"> </span>de <span class="blank _14"> </span>arranjo <span class="blank _14"> </span>regular <span class="blank _11"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y16e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">possuem grande força <span class="blank _0"> </span>tensora. Na verdade, é <span class="blank _0"> </span>mai<span class="blank _f"></span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span> provável que a <span class="blank _0"> </span>tensão excessiva rompa <span class="blank _0"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y16f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ventre <span class="blank _0"> </span>muscular ou des<span class="blank _0"> </span>loque um <span class="blank _0"> </span>fragmento de osso <span class="blank _0"> </span>da inserção<span class="blank _0"> </span> do <span class="blank _0"> </span>que provoque <span class="blank _0"> </span>a ruptura </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y170 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">do <span class="blank _5"> </span>próprio <span class="blank _5"> </span>tendão. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Os <span class="blank _4"> </span>tendões <span class="blank _5"> </span>são <span class="blank _11"> </span>também <span class="blank _4"> </span>mais <span class="blank _5"> </span>elásticos <span class="blank _5"> </span>do <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>comumente <span class="blank _4"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>supõe, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y171 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">sendo capazes de absorver e armazenar energia quando distendidos. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y172 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Algumas estruturas estão presentes para protege<span class="blank _f"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span> o tendão, como <span class="ls12">a </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hd y173 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">bolsa<span class="ff5 ws0"> </span>sinovi<span class="lsc ws10">al</span><span class="ff4 ws0">, que tem <span class="blank _1"></span>a f<span class="blank _f"></span>unçã<span class="blank _0"> </span>o de <span class="blank _f"></span>amortecer um <span class="blank _1"></span>tendão, protegendo-o do<span class="blank _1"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y174 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">desgaste em contato <span class="blank _0"> </span>com o osso. Assim <span class="blank _0"> </span>como existem as bolsas s<span class="blank _0"> </span>inoviais,<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y175 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">há <span class="blank _9"> </span>também <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>chamadas <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ff6">bainhas <span class="blank _4"> </span>sinoviais</span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>recobrem <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>tendão <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>completo, <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>um </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y176 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tubo, <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _0"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>otege <span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _0"> </span>tecidos <span class="blank _0"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>ubjacentes <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _0"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"> </span>es<span class="blank _1"></span>são <span class="blank _0"> </span>exercida <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _0"> </span>tendão <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>reduz <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>atrito. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd1 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Este segundo, <span class="blank _0"> </span>é comum em tendões muito <span class="blank _0"> </span>longos. As paredes dessas <span class="blank _0"> </span>bolsas e bainhas, assim </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd2 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">como <span class="blank _2"> </span>o <span class="blank _2"> </span>fluido <span class="blank _2"> </span>nelas <span class="blank"> </span>contido<span class="blank _f"></span>, <span class="blank"> </span>são <span class="blank _2"> </span>similares <span class="blank _2"> </span>aos <span class="blank _2"> </span>componentes <span class="blank _2"> </span>das <span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _f"></span>r<span class="blank _0"> </span>ticulações <span class="blank _3"> </span>sinoviais. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd3 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Quando <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _9"> </span>tendão <span class="blank _4"> </span>se <span class="blank _4"> </span>move, <span class="blank _9"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"> </span>camadas <span class="blank _9"> </span>sinovia<span class="blank _0"> </span>is <span class="blank _9"> </span>lubrificadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>são <span class="blank _9"> </span>friccionadas <span class="blank _4"> </span>em <span class="blank _4"> </span>conjunto.<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf yd4 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Por <span class="blank _10"></span>fim, <span class="blank _10"></span>há <span class="blank _10"></span>o <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ff6 ws8">retináculo<span class="ff4 ws0">, <span class="blank _10"></span>que <span class="blank _10"></span>é <span class="blank _10"></span>um <span class="blank _10"></span>ligamento <span class="blank _f"></span>de <span class="blank _10"></span>retenção, <span class="blank _10"></span>agindo <span class="blank _10"></span>como <span class="blank _10"></span>um <span class="blank _10"></span>grampo <span class="blank _10"></span>para <span class="blank _10"></span>manter </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y177 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">tendões muito longos no local correto. </div><div class="t m0 x3a h14 y178 ff3 fsa fc6 sc0 ls1 ws0">Classificações </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y179 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Primeiro <span class="blank _0"> </span>é preciso <span class="blank _0"> </span>ter em <span class="blank _0"> </span>mente o <span class="blank _0"> </span>conceito de <span class="blank _0"> </span>or<span class="blank _0"> </span>igem e <span class="blank _0"> </span>inserção <span class="blank _0"> </span>do músculo. <span class="blank _0"> </span>Assim,<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">a <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">origem</span> <span class="blank _0"> </span>de um <span class="blank _0"> </span>músculo <span class="blank _0"> </span>(ou cabeça), <span class="blank _0"> </span>é <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>ponto de <span class="blank _0"> </span>fixação <span class="blank _0"> </span>mais <span class="blank _0"> </span>proximal. Em <span class="blank _0"> </span>contrapartida, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsd ws0">a <span class="ff6 ls1 ws8">inserção</span><span class="ls1"> é<span class="blank _1"></span> o pont<span class="blank _f"></span>o mais distal de fixação, <span class="blank _f"></span>se<span class="blank _0"> </span>ndo <span class="blank _f"></span>antag<span class="blank _0"> </span>ônico a <span class="blank _1"></span>origem. Ou<span class="blank _f"></span>tra diferença é que<span class="blank _f"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">a origem é <span class="blank _0"> </span>fixa, não havendo movimentação, enquanto a <span class="blank _0"> </span>inserção é móvel. São os pontos <span class="blank _0"> </span>de<span class="blank _f"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">origem <span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _0"> </span>inserção <span class="blank _0"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>irão <span class="blank _0"> </span>determinar <span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _0"> </span>movimento <span class="blank _0"> </span>da <span class="blank _9"> </span>articulaç<span class="blank _1"></span>ão <span class="blank _0"> </span>resultante <span class="blank _0"> </span>na <span class="blank _0"> </span>contração </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y17e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">muscular. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y17f ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Origem </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y180 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">O <span class="blank _4"> </span>númer<span class="blank _0"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>pontos <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>origem <span class="blank _5"> </span>pode <span class="blank _5"> </span>ser <span class="blank _5"> </span>utilizado <span class="blank _4"> </span>para <span class="blank _5"> </span>classificar <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>múscul<span class="blank _0"> </span>os <span class="blank _4"> </span>em: </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y181 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">simples, <span class="blank _9"> </span>bíceps, <span class="blank _0"> </span>tríceps <span class="blank _9"> </span>ou <span class="blank _0"> </span>quadríceps. <span class="blank _9"> </span>Os <span class="blank _0"> </span>músculos <span class="blank _9"> </span>com <span class="blank _0"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _9"> </span>uma <span class="blank _0"> </span>origem <span class="blank _9"> </span>são <span class="blank _0"> </span>chamados </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y182 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">de <span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">simples</span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>como <span class="blank _9"> </span>por <span class="blank _9"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _9"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"> </span><span class="ff6">músculo <span class="blank _9"> </span>braquial</span>, <span class="blank _9"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>passa<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _9"> </span>pelo <span class="blank _9"> </span>sulco <span class="blank _9"> </span>braquial <span class="blank _9"> </span>do <span class="blank _9"> </span>úmero. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y183 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">Por <span class="blank _11"> </span>sua <span class="blank _11"> </span>vez, <span class="blank _14"> </span>os <span class="blank _11"> </span>classificados <span class="blank _11"> </span>como <span class="blank _11"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">tríceps</span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>possuem <span class="blank _11"> </span>três<span class="blank _0"> </span> <span class="blank _11"> </span>origens, <span class="blank _11"> </span>um <span class="blank _11"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _11"> </span>é <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _14"> </span><span class="ff6">tríceps<span class="blank _f"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y184 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">braquial<span class="ff4 ws0"> <span class="blank _5"> </span>(origem <span class="blank _11"> </span>na <span class="blank _5"> </span>escápula, <span class="blank _5"> </span>úmero <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>rádio/ulna). <span class="blank _5"> </span>Por <span class="blank _11"> </span>fim, <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _11"> </span></span>quadríceps<span class="ff4 ws0"> <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _11"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>músculo <span class="blank _5"> </span>que </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y185 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">possui quatro cabeças, um <span class="blank _f"></span>exemplo é o <span class="ff6">quadríceps femural</span>. Neste, apenas uma das cabeç<span class="blank _f"></span>as<span class="blank _0"> </span> (<span class="blank _f"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y186 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">reto-remural) contribui<span class="blank _1"></span> <span class="blank _f"></span>para o mo<span class="blank _1"></span>vimento da<span class="blank _f"></span> articulação <span class="blank _f"></span>do quadril, <span class="blank _f"></span>tendo origem <span class="blank _f"></span>no pécte<span class="blank _f"></span>n </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y187 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">do <span class="blank _14"> </span>púbis<span class="blank _0"> </span>. <span class="blank _14"> </span>As <span class="blank _3"> </span>outras <span class="blank _14"> </span>três <span class="blank _3"> </span>origens <span class="blank _14"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>ão <span class="blank _14"> </span>nos <span class="blank _3"> </span>trocantes <span class="blank _14"> </span>do <span class="blank _3"> </span>fêmur, <span class="blank _2"> </span>portanto <span class="blank _14"> </span>só <span class="blank _3"> </span>auxiliam <span class="blank _3"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y188 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">movimento de extensão do joelho. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h18 y189 ff3 fsb fc8 sc0 ls1 ws0">Inserção <span class="blank _1e"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 hf y18a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">O número de inserções é outro modo de <span class="blank _0"> </span>classificar os músculos, podendo ser <span class="blank _0"> </span><span class="ff6 ws8">simples</span><span class="lsc">, </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y18b ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws8">bicaudado<span class="ff4 ws0"> <span class="blank _4"> </span>ou <span class="blank _4"> </span></span>policaudado<span class="ff4 ws0">. <span class="blank _9"> </span>É <span class="blank _4"> </span>classificado <span class="blank _4"> </span>como <span class="blank _4"> </span>simples <span class="blank _9"> </span>todo <span class="blank _4"> </span>músculo <span class="blank _4"> </span>que <span class="blank _9"> </span>possui <span class="blank _4"> </span>apenas <span class="blank _4"> </span>um </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y18c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws0">ponto <span class="blank _4"> </span>de <span class="blank _4"> </span>ins<span class="blank _0"> </span>erção. <span class="blank _4"> </span>Um <span class="blank _4"> </span>exemplo <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _4"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>tríceps <span class="blank _4"> </span>braquial, <span class="blank _5"> </span>onde <span class="blank _4"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>três <span class="blank _4"> </span>cabeças <span class="blank _4"> </span>s<span class="blank _0"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"> </span>inserem <span class="blank _4"> </span>na </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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