INGLÊS - Word Formation

Prévia do material em texto

WORD FORMATION
VERBO + OR = SUBST
Visitor
Director
Inventor
He works as a translator and political researcher.
VERBO + ER = SUBST
farmer. 
dweller
grinder
blender
The farmer has a large flock of long-haired sheep.
The majority of urban dwellers live in small apartments.
Coffee/meat grinder.
* To farm - Use (land) for growing crops or keeping livestock.
 
ADJETIVO + ER = ADJETIVO (comparative form)
nicer. 
stronger
noisier
I can give you stronger pain-killing drugs if these aren't strong enough.
This small room is cosier than the big one.
I can give you a thicker coat if this isn't warm enough.
ATTENTION!
 The best translation for “sooner or later” is
A) antes tarde do que nunca
B) logo cedo ou mais tarde
C) mais cedo ou mais tarde
D) o mais cedo possível
E) quanto mais cedo melhor 
 The best translation for “sooner or later” is
A) antes tarde do que nunca
B) logo cedo ou mais tarde
C) mais cedo ou mais tarde X
D) o mais cedo possível
E) quanto mais cedo melhor 
 As palavras abaixo seguem o mesmo processo de formação de wearer, à exceção de
a)	computer.
b)	player.
c)	weaker.
d)	murderer.
e)	writer.
 As palavras abaixo seguem o mesmo processo de formação de wearer, à exceção de
a)	computer.
b)	player.
c)	weaker.
d)	murderer.
e)	writer.
 O vocábulo leaders pode ser explicado como persons (or things) that lead. Outra palavra que pode receber explicação do tipo a person (or thing) that é
a)	other 
b)	forever 
c)	further 
d)	career 
e)	equalizer 
 O vocábulo leaders pode ser explicado como persons (or things) that lead. Outra palavra que pode receber explicação do tipo a person (or thing) that é
a)	other 
b)	forever 
c)	further 
d)	career 
e)	equalizer 
 O sufixo –er tem a mesma função na palavra starter e na palavra
richer.	
chapter.	
poorer.	
semester.		
writer.
 O sufixo –er tem a mesma função na palavra starter e na palavra
richer.	
chapter.	
poorer.	
semester.		
writer.
 The –er ending has the same function in Islander and in
a) hamburger
b) conquer
c) matter
d) trekker
e) farther
 The –er ending has the same function in Islander and in
a) hamburger
b) conquer
c) matter
d) trekker
e) farther
SUBSTANTIVO FEMININO = ESS
 
HOST (anfitrião)
HOSTESS (anfitriã) 
WAITER (garçon)
WAITRESS (garçonete) 
Queen Victoria was Empress of India as well as Queen of Great Britain.
Ms. Dalloway is a perfect hostess.
 Goddess é a forma feminina de god. Indique a opção em que a formação do feminino está incorreta.
a)	steward – stewardess
b)	priest – priestess
c)	duke – duchess
d)	emperor – empress
e)	consul – consuless
 Goddess é a forma feminina de god. Indique a opção em que a formação do feminino está incorreta.
a)	steward – stewardess
b)	priest – priestess
c)	duke – duchess
d)	emperor – empress
e)	consul – consuless
 O sufixo –ess presente em goddess também ocorre em
A) stress
B) wireless
C) actress
D) seriousness
E) less
 O sufixo –ess presente em goddess também ocorre em
A) stress
B) wireless
C) actress
D) seriousness
E) less
SUBST + Y = ADJETIVO
Oily
Rusty
Oniony
He is looking for a natural treatment for oily hair.
It takes time, but the rusty metal door will creak.
The smoky, oniony smell of the fair already filled my lungs.
SUBST + FUL(L) = ADJETIVO
Hopeful 
Shameful 
Fearful
He was hopeful about the outcome of the meeting.
The family kept their shameful secret for years.
They are fearful of the threat of nuclear war.
You've got nothing to be ashamed of.
TAKE A LOOK
Hopeful 
Shameful 
Fearful
Oily
Rusty
Oniony
TAKE A LOOK
Hopeful 
Shameful 
Fearful
Oily
Rusty
Oniony
WATCH OUT!
SUBST CONCRETO + FUL = SUBST (medida, quantidade)
 handful
 spoonful
He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket.
A spoonful of mustard.
A basketful of apples.
* There were only a handful of guests at the reception. (a few)
SUBST + LESS = ADJETIVO
Hopeless
Shameless
Fearless
Childless
She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the future.
She is completely shameless about her ambition.
Despite being warned many times by all the officials, they are fearless.
A childless couple.
 O sufixo –ful está corretamente empregado em todas as palavras abaixo, exceto
uglyful
careful
hopeful
useful
cheerful
 O sufixo –ful está corretamente empregado em todas as palavras abaixo, exceto
uglyful
careful
hopeful
useful
cheerful
 The suffix “less” as in “landless” can be used with the words in all alternatives but
power.	
time.	
great.	
charm.	
home.
 The suffix “less” as in “landless” can be used with the words in all alternatives but
power.	
time.	
great.	
charm.	
home.
ADJETIVO+ LY = ADVÉRBIO DE MODO 
			(-mente)
 drastically
 quickly
We'll have to walk quickly to get there on time.
				OBS. FASTLY
SUBST + LY = ADJETIVO 
 lovely
 friendly
We had a lovely time with them.
A friendly face/smile
The teams are playing a friendly match on Sunday.
ATTENTION!!!
 The verb “feel” as in “feel bad” could be followed by the words in all alternatives but
a)	sleepy.
b)	good.
c)	tired.
d)	sorry.
e)	gladly.
 The verb “feel” as in “feel bad” could be followed by the words in all alternatives but
a)	sleepy.
b)	good.
c)	tired.
d)	sorry.
e)	gladly.
SUBSTANTIVO + LIKE = ADJETIVO
 			(alguém ou algo similar)
 
DOGLIKE – 
GODLIKE – divine; almighty
WARLIKE – hostile
His doglike devotion made him a priceless subordinate.
Our parents are godlike figures to our childish eyes.
The acts of that day had a warlike aspect.
SUBSTANTIVO + ISH = ADJETIVO (ter as características ou qualidades de)
CHILDISH – immature 
DEVILISH – wicked; evil; rude
SLAVISH – submissive; servile
I've had enough of your childish pranks.
He noted the slavish respect they had for her.
OBS.1: REDDISH/YELLOWISH (quite)
OBS.2: ENGLISH/DANISH (origin)
OBS.3: SEVENISH/FORTYISH (approximately)
The larva is of a yellowish colour, with the head and legs brownish.
If you like to see Polish history and culture, visit the university city of Krakow.
Let’s meet at sevenish.
 Select the alternative in which the suffix –ish has the same meaning and function as in “outlandish”
A) fish
B) parish
C) womanish
D) Spanish
E) anguish 
 Select the alternative in which the suffix –ish has the same meaning and function as in “outlandish”
A) fish
B) parish
C) womanish x
D) Spanish
E) anguish 
Outlandish = bizarre, eccentric, strange - an outlandish hairstyle/outfit
Anguish (n) - agony, torment, suffering, distress
	ADJETIVO + NESS = SUBST.
 
	SOURNESS - azedume
	GOODNESS – bondade
 	KINDNESS - gentleness
A mixture of sweetness, sourness, and saltiness all combined together to create this unforgettable flavour.
There is goodness and badness in everyone.
I would like to express my thanks for your kindness.
VERBO + MENT = SUBSTANTIVO
 (resultado de uma ação ou processo)
ACCOMPLISHMENT – achievement; feat (realização; feito)
AGREEMENT – accord
MANAGEMENT – supervision
Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment.
VERBO + ION = SUBSTANTIVO
 (resultado de uma ação ou processo)
 
CONSTRUCTION
INTERRUPTION
NAVIGATION
She worked all morning without interruption.
 The suffix “ment” as in the words “treatment” and “government” is correctly used in all alternatives but
a) The countries are pursuing a peace agreement.
b) The punk movement started in the USA in the early 70s.
c) Healthment is essential for a country’s welfare. 
d) China is showing a sort of development in foreign affairs.
e) Their argument is useless.
 The suffix “ment” as in the words “treatment” and “government” is correctly used in all alternatives but
a) The countries are pursuing a peace agreement.
b) The punk movement started in the USA in the early 70s.
c) Healthmentis essential for a country’s welfare. 
d) China is showing a sort of development in foreign affairs.
e) Their argument is useless.
VERBO + ABLE = ADJETIVO				
	 (apto / capaz)
 
COMFORTABLE = confortável			
DRINKABLE = potável							
PROFITABLE = lucrativo						
Over the years it has developed into a highly profitable business.
SUBST + OUS = ADJETIVO				
  (condition of)
DANGEROUS - risky			
FAMOUS – well-known							
MOUNTAINOUS - hilly						
The school is in a village in Auvergne, a rural and mountainous region in France.
ADJETIVO + EN = VERBO
	
DARKEN = escurecer					
WEAKEN = enfraquecer					
BROADEN = ampliar; alargar
The skies were darkening.
Reduced diet meant starvation and weakened resistance to illness.
They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.
SUBST. + HOOD = SUBST			
 (Um grupo específico; Status, condição ou espaço físico		
por este grupo ocupado.)						
CHILDHOOD = infância
PRIESTHOOD = sacerdócio					
MOTHERHOOD = maternidade / obs: maternity Ward (hospital)	
He left the priesthood to get married.
* NEIGHBORHOOD = bairro, vizinhança
The neighborhood is populated mainly by whites.
				
SUBST. + SHIP = SUBST. ABSTRATO
 (Grupo específico; Status ou a condição de pertencer a este grupo.)
CITIZENSHIP = cidadania			
PARTNERSHIP = parceria		
FRIENDSHIP = amizade			
The government is promoting a partnership between the state and the private sector.
DEALERSHIP
SPACESHIP
 A palavra “scholarship” não poderia completar a alternativa
a)	Her book on Chinese verbs is a work of great _______ .
b)	Recent historical ________ has contradicted Dr. Bryant’s ideas.
c)	After much studying he finally won a ________ to Oxford.
d)	She has been awarded a Rhodes __________ for her dedication.
e)	Dr. Miles was a distinguished __________ of Russian history.
 A palavra “scholarship” não poderia completar a alternativa
a)	Her book on Chinese verbs is a work of great _______ .
b)	Recent historical ________ has contradicted Dr. Bryant’s ideas.
c)	After much studying he finally won a ________ to Oxford.
d)	She has been awarded a Rhodes __________ for her dedication.
 Dr. Miles was a distinguished __________ of Russian history. X
(1) Erudition, academic study or achievement; learning at a high level
(2) A grant or payment made to support a student's education, awarded on the basis of academic or other achievement.
 Assinale o substantivo formado pelo mesmo processo de formação de Orientalism.
a)	Altruism
b)	Misorientation
c)	Hopelessness
d)	Cataclysm
e)	Interdisciplinary
ORIENT (noun) ORIENTAL (adj) ORIENTALISM (Noun)
a)	Altruism
b)	Misorientation
c)	Hopelessness x
d)	Cataclysm
e)	Interdisciplinary
 Select the alternative which has the same function and is formed by the same process as undesirable
a)	Understandable
b)	Unnecessary
c)	Underdevelop
d)	Unhealthily
e)	Unemployment
 Select the alternative which has the same function and is formed by the same process as undesirable
a)	Understandable
b)	Unnecessary
c)	Underdevelop
d)	Unhealthily
e)	Unemployment