Esquadrão Caixa - Aula 1 - Inglês - Prof. Andrea Belo

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Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
@teacherandreabelo Teacher Andrea Belo Teacher Andrea Belo
READING TECHNIQUES 
AND VERBS TENSES
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
READING TECHNIQUES
Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Skimming é uma estratégia que exige observação das informações visuais
que acompanham o texto, é aquela "leitura por cima", para explorar ao
máximo as informações importantes presentes e perceber a ideia geral do
texto.
Skimming, ao começar a ler seu texto, vai proporcionar a você, a
compreensão geral (general comprehension), sobre qual assunto o texto
discorre com dicas visuais de fácil percepção.
SKIMMING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
A técnica Skimming é uma estratégia que ajuda você a ler o texto mais rápido
também. Dessa vez, prestando atenção ao layout do texto, título, subtítulo,
cognatos, falsos cognatos, primeiras e/ou últimas linhas de cada parágrafo,
informação não verbal (figuras, tirinhas, anúncios, gráficos, tabelas etc.).
Por exemplo, quando você espera para ser atendidos em um consultório
médico e fica olhando suas mensagens, você está usando a técnica do
Skimming.
SKIMMING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Shock! Horror! Do you know how much time you spend on your phone?
Writer Adrienne Matei spends two hours and 20 minutes a day on her phone – which might
seem fine, until you realize it amounts to 35 full days a year. What’s your number?
Before beginning to write this article, I spent 20 minutes doing, if I’m honest, sort of nothing on
my phone. Prior to that, I checked emails, read the news and browsed social media in bed. My
phone is usually within arm’s reach, which seems to me fairly typical of everyone, old and young,
who includes a phone in their essential trifecta of belongings, alongside their keys and wallet.
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/21/cellphone-screen-time-average-habits
SKIMMING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
De acordo com o início do texto:
A) é perguntado se calculamos o tempo que passamos na internet.
B) pede-se para refletirmos sobre o uso da tecnologia em nossas vidas.
C) a pergunta é uma contatação do uso do celular da escritora Adrienne Matei.
D) a pergunta feita é uma reflexão sobre o tempo gasto no celular.
E) pergunta-se o número exato de horas que passamos usando o celular.
SKIMMING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
SKIMMING
❑ FAST READING
❑ CONCENTRATION/FOCUS
❑ GENERAL TEXT IDEA
❑ TEXT GOALS
❑ SUBJECT INFORMATION
SKIMMING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Conforme eu sempre digo, se o candidato souber fazer bom uso de algumas
técnicas de leitura, a compreensão de texto fica mais simples do que parece
e o assunto do texto pode ser identificado assim como descoberto e
explorado durante a leitura. Vamos começar falando do Scanning.
Scanning, é a “varredura” do texto. É ler com atenção a primeira página de
um jornal, pesquisar na internet um artigo sobre determinado assunto em
busca de informações específicas, necessárias naquele momento, entre
outros. Durante as leituras dos textos na prova, você fará um rastreamento,
procurará algo que realmente interessa até encontrar a informação desejada
– é Scanning.
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Ler textos presentes na prova exige concentração, capacidade interpretativa
e muita, muita atenção. E, você já sabe que, usando Scanning facilita sua
compreensão, encontrando as palavras-chave, que serão “guia” para
encontrar a resposta da questão.
Alguns autores, além de escrever sobre Scanning, chamam essa técnica de
Selectivity, por ser uma forma de leitura seletiva, já que selecionamos os
trechos onde se deseja encontrar aquela determinada informação.
Escolhendo o Scanning, você sabe exatamente o que está procurando:
informações específicas. Veja um esquema com as principais funções da
técnica Scanning:
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Scanning é, muitas vezes, chamado de “leitura de passar os olhos” porque
você vai justamente obter as informações fazendo uma rápida visualização.
Você está em busca de algo específico, que poderá facilitar o caminho até a
resposta daquele exercício.
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Quanto maior for o seu rendimento nas leituras, mais motivado se sentirá para
continuar explorando textos cobrados na prova e para resolver os exercícios no
momento da prova.
Você vai encontrar palavras importantes à compreensão do texto através das
técnicas aqui apresentadas, com certeza. Mas, além de identificar as palavras-
chave, há formas de encaixá-las pela sua relevância.
Preste atenção no contexto e quebre o hábito de querer traduzir palavra por
palavra e as técnicas de inferência levarão você à resposta.
Vejamos um exemplo de leitura rápida sem conhecer todo o vocabulário? As
palavras desconhecidas do texto a seguir serão identificadas e, provavelmente,
descobertas. Quer ver? Let’s go!
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Os serviços bancários trazem benefícios ao longo do tempo para alguns,
mas aprepam outros. Com o avanço da internet, hoje os bancos, por meio
de seus portais eletrônicos, proporcionam um menu de seus redrixes
online: opções de investimentos, seguro, consórcios, empréstimos, planos
de previdência e muitos outros. É preciso conhecer nossas próprias
transações jilentas para não cometer atitudes errôneas.
Lendo apenas uma vez, você entendeu esse texto? A história fez sentido, mesmo com
palavras desconhecidas ao fazer uma leitura rápida? Você provavelmente atribuiu
sentidos às palavras novas (aprepam: prejudicam/atrapalham; redrixes: serviços;
jilentas: financeiras).
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Suponhamos que a questão da prova fosse: Segundo o texto, os benefícios
A) são recriados dia após dia.
B) atrapalham ao invés de beneficiar.
C) surgem ao longo do tempo.
D) mudam ao longo do tempo.
SCANNING
Os serviços bancários trazem benefícios ao longo do tempo para alguns,
mas aprepam outros. Com o avanço da internet, hoje os bancos, por meio
de seus portais eletrônicos, proporcionam um menu de seus redrixes
online: opções de investimentos, seguro, consórcios, empréstimos, planos
de previdência e muitos outros. É preciso conhecer nossas próprias
transações jilentas para não cometer atitudes errôneas.
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
SCANNING
❑ VOCABULARY SELECTIVITY
❑ KEEP AN EYE ON THE TEXT
❑ COGNATS: HELPERS
❑ SPECIFIC DETAILS
❑ VISUAL CONTACT
SCANNING
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
TIPOLOGIAS TEXTUAIS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AGORA, VAMOS RESOLVER 
ALGUMAS QUESTÕES 
CESGRANRIO.
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to climate change
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will probably cause prolonged blackouts during
peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its
2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity consumption for specific cities or states. The new
study is the first to project residential air conditioning demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air
temperature andheat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles across the contiguous
United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in 2005-2019.
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system will fail completely in the next few decades,
simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
Nova Scotia.
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes during heat waves, which also present the
highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee
Obringer, an environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy companies may have to adopt
systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended
period of record heat sometimes topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already – state power companies had to institute
blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number
may have been closer to 3,900.
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot south and southwest. If all Arizona houses
were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6% needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-
hours per month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network monthly.
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In the 2nd paragraph, it is noticed that, according to the IPCC report in 2021,
the global temperature will probably rise 1.5 degrees Celsius by the early
2030s due to
(A) air conditioning use
(B) human emissions
(C) electricity consumption
(D) electric capacity overcharge
(E) blackouts
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to climate change
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will probably cause prolonged blackouts during
peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its
2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity consumption for specific cities or states. The new
study is the first to project residential air conditioning demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air
temperature and heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles across the contiguous
United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in 2005-2019.
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system will fail completely in the next few decades,
simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
Nova Scotia.
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes during heat waves, which also present the
highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee
Obringer, an environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy companies may have to adopt
systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended
period of record heat sometimes topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already – state power companies had to institute
blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said. The state attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number
may have been closer to 3,900.
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot south and southwest. If all Arizona houses
were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6% needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-
hours per month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network monthly.
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In paragraph 1, the fragment “Climate change will provoke an increase in
summer air conditioning use in the United States that will probably cause
prolonged blackouts” implies that prolonged blackouts
(A) are happening.
(B) had happened.
(C) have happened.
(D) may happen.
(E) will have happened.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric capacity in next decade due to climate change
Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that will probably cause prolonged blackouts during
peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity or improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its
2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation, global temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity consumption for specific cities or states. The new
study is the first to project residential air conditioning demand on a domestic basis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted air
temperature and heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically representative domiciles across the contiguous
United States, collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) in 2005-2019.
“It’s a pretty clear warning to all of us that we can’t keep doing what we are doing or our energy system will fail completely in the next few decades,
simply because of the summertime air conditioning,” said Susanne Benz, a geographer and climate scientist at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
Nova Scotia.
The heaviest air conditioning use with the greatest risk for overcharging the transmission lines comes during heat waves, which also present the
highest risk to health. Electricity generation tends to be below peak during heat waves as well, reducing capacity to even lower levels, said Renee
Obringer, an environmental engineer at Penn State University. Without enough capacity to satisfy demand, energy companies may have to adopt
systematic blackouts during heat waves to avoid network failure, like California’s energy organizations did in August 2020 during an extended
period of record heat sometimes topping 117 degrees Fahrenheit. “We’ve seen this in California already – state power companies had to institute
blackouts because they couldn’t provide the needed electricity,” Obringer said.The state attributed 599 deaths to the heat, but the true number
may have been closer to 3,900.
The new study predicted the largest increases in kilowatt-hours of electricity demand in the already hot south and southwest. If all Arizona houses
were to increase air conditioning use by the estimated 6% needed at 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, for example, amounting to 30 kilowatt-
hours per month, this would place an additional 54.5 million kilowatthours of demand on the electrical network monthly.
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
The main purpose of the text is to
(A) describe past events related to summer weather in the southwest.
(B) mention the positive changes in Americans’ habits concerning air
conditioning.
(C) advocate against the use of air conditioning in domiciles.
(D) discuss possible problems to satisfy the demand for electric energy in the 
near future.
(E) encourage people to cut down residential carbon emissions.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S. 
Lois Parshley
(…) While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the 1980s and 90s, now the
biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S. recently because they are very expensive to build here,
which makes the price of their energy high.
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who recently completed a two-
year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear
energy will not play a significant role” in decarbonizing the power sector.
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says, pointing to Southern
Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro, Georgia. They have been under construction since 2013, are
now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more than doubled – and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the
U.S. in nuclear generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
“We have clearly lost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno says. Because no new
plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the teams working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the
learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently. That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on budget, and on schedule,” Finan
explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost
overruns and delays.)
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says. Much lower labor costs are one
reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project management is another.
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted. 
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In the last paragraph, the author states that “Much lower labor costs are one 
reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project 
management is another.” because he believes that 
(A) both Finan and the MIT report are absolutely wrong in their conclusions. 
(B) it is difficult to determine the reasons why nuclear power costs less in Asia. 
(C) nuclear power is cheaper in Asia just because of better project management. 
(D) neither project management nor labor costs explain the low cost of nuclear 
energy in Asia. 
(E) lower labor costs are just part of the reason why nuclear power is less 
expensive in Asia. 
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S. 
Lois Parshley
President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S. carbon emissions in half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan requires electricity generation –
the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be carbon-free by 2035.
A few figures from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) illustrate the challenge. In 2020 the United States generated about four trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity. Some 60 percent of that came
from burning fossil fuels, mostly natural gas, in some 10,000 generators, large and small, around the country. All of that electricity will need to be replaced - and more, because demand for electricity is
expected to rise, especially if we power more cars with it.
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have grown faster than expected; together with hydroelectric, they surpassed coal for the first time ever in 2019 and now produce 20 percent of U.S. electricity.
In February the EIA projected that renewables were on track to produce more than 40 percent by 2050 - remarkable growth, perhaps, but still well short of what’s needed to decarbonize the grid by 2035 and
forestall the climate crisis.
This daunting challenge has recently led some environmentalists to reconsider an alternative they had long been wary of: nuclear power.
Nuclear power has a lot going for it. Its carbon footprint is equivalent to wind, less than solar, and orders of magnitude less than coal. Nuclear power plants take up far less space on the landscape than solar
or wind farms, and they produce power even at night or on calm days. In 2020 they generated as much electricity in the U.S. as renewables did, a fifth of the total.
But debates rage over whether nuclear should be a big part of the climate solution in the U.S. The majority of American nuclear plants today are approaching the end of their design life, and only one has been
built in the last 20 years. Nuclear proponents are now banking on next-generation designs, like small, modular versions of conventional light-water reactors, or advanced reactors designed to be safer,
cheaper, and more flexible.
“We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says Ashley Finan, the director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National Laboratory. Yet an expansion
of nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive waste may not be the biggest: Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and
take too long to build to be of much help with the climate crisis.
While environmental opposition may have been the primary force hindering nuclear development in the 1980s and 90s, now the biggest challenge may be costs. Few nuclear plants have been built in the U.S.
recently because they are very expensive to build here, which makes the price of their energy high.
Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT, led a group of scientists who recently completed a two-year study examining the future of nuclear energy in the U.S. and western
Europe. They found that “without cost reductions, nuclear energy will not play a significant role” in decarbonizing the power sector.
“In the West, the nuclear industry has substantially lost its ability to build large plants,” Buongiorno says, pointing to Southern Company’s effort to add two new reactors to Plant Vogtle in Waynesboro,
Georgia. They have been under construction since 2013, are now billions of dollars over budget - the cost has more than doubled - and years behind schedule. In France, ranked second after the U.S. in
nuclear generation, a new reactor in Flamanville is a decade late and more than three times over budget.
“We have clearlylost the know-how to build traditional gigawatt-scale nuclear power plants,” Buongiorno says. Because no new plants were built in the U.S. for decades, he and his colleagues found, the
teams working on a project like Vogtle haven’t had the learning experiences needed to do the job efficiently. That leads to construction delays that drive up costs.
Elsewhere, reactors are still being built at lower cost, “largely in places where they build projects on budget, and on schedule,” Finan explains. China and South Korea are the leaders. (To be fair, several of
China’s recent large-scale reactors have also had cost overruns and delays.)
“The cost of nuclear power in Asia has been a quarter, or less, of new builds in the West,” Finan says. Much lower labor costs are one reason, according to both Finan and the MIT report, but better project
management is another.
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted. 
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
According to Jacopo Buongiorno, one of the reasons why it is more expensive 
to build large nuclear plants in the West is that 
(A) their cost has more than doubled in European countries. 
(B) their construction faces constant delays that increase costs. 
(C) most of the teams working on the projects are effectively trained. 
(D) a group of MIT scientists has lost the expertise to build these plants. 
(E) new nuclear plants are difficult to build because of complex Asian 
technologies. 
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
VERB TENSES
Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am ou I’m I am not ou I’m not Am I?
You are ou You’re You are not ou You aren’t Are you?
He is ou He’s He is not ou He isn’t Is he?
She is ou She’s She is not ou She isn’t Is she?
It is ou It’s It is not ou It isn’t Is it?
We are ou We’re We are ou We aren’t Are we?
You are ou You’re You are not ou You aren’t Are you?
They are ou They’re They are ou They aren’t Are they?
VERB TO BE
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was I was not ou I wasn’t Was I?
You were You were not ou You weren’t Were you?
He was He was not ou He wasn’t Was he?
She was She was not ou She wasn’t Was she?
It was It was not ou It wasn’t Was it?
We were We were ou We weren’t Were we?
You were You were not ou weren’t Were you?
They were They were ou They weren’t Were they?
VERB TO BE
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I study I don’t study Do I study?
You study You don’t study Do you study?
He studies He doesn’t study Does he study?
She studies She doesn’t study Does she study?
It studies It doesn’t study Does it study?
We study We don’t study Do we study?
You study You don’t study Do you study?
They study They don’t study Do they study?
SIMPLE PRESENT
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I drove I didn’t drive Did I drive?
You drove You didn’t drive Did you drive?
He drove He didn’t drive Did he drive?
She drove She didn’t drive Did she drive?
It drove It didn’t drive Did it drive?
We drove We didn’t drive Did we drive?
You drove You didn’t drive Did you drive?
They drove They didn’t drive Did they drive?
SIMPLE PAST
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I studied I didn’t study Did I study?
You studied You didn’t study Did you study?
He studied He didn’t study Did he study?
She studied She didn’t study Did she study?
It studied It didn’t study Did it study?
We studied We didn’t study Did we study?
You studied You didn’t study Did you study?
They studied They didn’t study Did they study?
SIMPLE PAST
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
COVID-19 Economy: Expert insights on what you need to know
As we practice social distancing and businesses struggle to adapt, it’s no secret the unique challenges of Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our
economic climate. U.S. Bank financial industry and regulatory affairs expert Robert Schell explains what you need to know in this uncertain
time.
• Don’t panic while things are “on pause”
Imagine clicking the pause button on your favorite TV show. Whether you stopped to make dinner or put kids to bed, hitting pause gives you time
to tackle what matters most. Today’s economy is similar. While we prioritize health and safety, typical activities like driving to work, eating at
restaurants, traveling and attending sporting events are on hold. This widespread social distancing takes a toll on our economy, putting strain on
businesses and individuals alike.
Keep your financial habits as normal as possible during this time. Make online purchases, order takeout, pay bills and buy groceries. These
everyday purchases put money back into the economy and prevent it from dipping further into a recession.
• Low interest rates could help make ends meet
In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to boost economic activity and make borrowing more affordable. For you, this means interest
rates are low for credit cards, loans and lines of credit, and even fixed-rate mortgages. Consider taking advantage of these low rates if you need
extra help paying your bills, keeping your business running or withstanding a period of unemployment.
• Spend on small businesses
Looking to make a positive impact? Supporting small businesses is an easy and powerful way to help. You can order takeout, tip generously or
donate to your local brick-and-mortar retail store, if they provide that option. Your support makes a big impact for struggling business owners.
• Prior economic strength may help us bounce back
The thriving economy of 2019 isn’t just a distant, bittersweet memory. When our health is no longer at risk and social distancing mandates begin
to diminish, we’ll slowly start to rebuild. The stability, low unemployment rate and upward-trending market we experienced prior to Covid-19
puts us in a good position to kick-start economic activity and rebound more quickly.
Available at <https://www.usbank.com/financialiq/ manage-your-household/personal-finance/covid-economy-expert-insights.html>. Retrieved on: Jul. 20, 2021. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2021 (BANCO DO BRASIL)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
CESGRANRIO/2021 (BANCO DO BRASIL)
In the 4ᵗʰ paragraph, in the fragment “In March, the Federal Reserve cut rates drastically to 
boost economic activity”, the verb cut indicates a
(A) habitual action repeatedly carried out by the Federal Reserve to address certain 
economic situations.
(B) future action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address possible problems.
(C) promised action to be carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present 
economic challenges.
(D) one-time action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address the present situation.
(E) current action carried out by the Federal Reserve to address a permanent situation.
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I will study I will not study ou I won’t study Will I study?
You will study You will not study ou You won’t study Will you study?
He will study He will not study ou He won’t study Will he study?
She will study She will not study ou She won’t study Will she study?
It will study It will not study ou It won’t study Will it study?
We will study We will not study ou We won’t study Will we study?
You will study You will not study ou You won’t study Will you study?
They will study They will not study ou They won’t study Will they study?
FUTURE WILL X GOING TO
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am going to study I am not going to study Am I going to study?
You are going to study You aren’t going to study Are you going to study?
He is going to study He isn’t going to study Is he going to study?
She is going to study She isn’t going to study Is she going to study?It is going to study It isn’t going to study Is it going to study?
We are going to study We aren’t going to study Are we going to study?
You are going to study You aren’t going to study Are you going to study?
They are going to study They aren’t going to study Are they going to study?
FUTURE WILL X GOING TO
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am ou I’m studying I am not ou I’m not studying Am I studying?
You are ou You’re studying You are not ou You aren’t studying Are you studying?
He is ou He’s studying He is not ou He isn’t studying Is he studying?
She is ou She’s studying She is not ou She isn’t studying Is she studying?
It is ou It’s studying It is not ou It isn’t studying Is it studying?
We are ou We’re studying We are ou We aren’t studying Are we studying?
You are ou You’re studying You are not ou You aren’t studying Are you studying?
They are ou There’re studying They are not ou They aren’t studying Are they studying?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Oil
Overview The oil industry has a less-than-stellar environmental record in general, but it becomes even worse in
tropical rainforest regions, which often contain rich deposits of petroleum. The most notorious examples of
rainforest havoc caused by oil firms are Shell Oil in Nigeria and Texaco in Ecuador. The operations run by both
companies degraded the environment and affected local and indigenous people by their activities. The Texaco
operation in Ecuador was responsible for spilling some 17 million gallons of oil into the biologically rich tributaries
of the upper Amazon, while in the 1980s and 1990s Shell Oil cooperated with the oppressive military dictatorship
in Nigeria in the suppression and harassment of local people. [...]
Efficiency
Good old-fashioned oil conservation is effective in reducing demand for oil products. After the first OPEC embargo
in 1973, the United States realized the importance of oil efficiency and initiated policies to do away with wasteful
practices. By 1985, the U.S. was 25 percent more energy efficient and 32 percent more oil efficient than in 1973.
Of course the U.S. was upstaged by the Japanese who in the same period improved their energy efficiency by 31
percent and their oil efficiency by 51 percent. Today the importance of oil to the economy is still diminishing.
Despite the 51 percent growth in the American economy between 1990 and 2004, carbon emissions only
increased 19% suggesting that those who insist that economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions move in
tandem are wrong. […]
Available at: <http://rainforests.mongabay.com/1013.htm>. Retrieved on: Aug, 10th, 2017. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2017 (PETROBRÁS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In the sentence of Text I “Today the importance of oil to the economy is still 
diminishing” (lines 57-58), the verb form is diminishing indicates
A) a habitual present action
B) a concluded past action
C) a prediction for the future
D) an action in progress
E) an action in progress in the past
GABARITO: D
CESGRANRIO/2017 (PETROBRÁS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was studying I was not studying ou I wasn’t studying Was I studying?
You were studying You were not studying ou You weren’t studying Were you studying?
He was studying He was not studying ou He wasn’t studying Was he studying?
She was studying She was not studying ou She wasn’t studying Was she studying?
It was studying It was not studying ou It wasn’t studying Was it studying?
We were studying We were not studying ou We weren’t studying Were we studying?
You were studying You were not studying ou weren’t studying Were you studying?
They were studying They were ou They weren’t studying Were they studying?
PAST CONTINUOUS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I have studied I haven’t studied Have I studied?
You have studied You haven’t studied Have you studied?
He has studied He hasn’t studied Has he studied?
She has studied She hasn’t studied Has she studied?
It has studied It hasn’t studied Has it studied?
We have studied We haven’t studied Have we studied?
You have studied You haven’t studied Have you studied?
They have studied They haven’t studied Have they studied?
PRESENT PERFECT 
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I had studied I hadn’t studied Had I studied?
You had studied You hadn’t studied Had you studied?
He had studied He hadn’t studied Had he studied?
She had studied She hadn’t studied Had she studied?
It had studied It hadn’t studied Had it studied?
We had studied We hadn’t studied Had we studied?
You had studied You hadn’t studied Had you studied?
They had studied They hadn’t studied Had they studied?
PAST PERFECT 
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
Imperative Tense é o tempo verbal em inglês usado para expressar ordens, pedidos, oferecer
instruções e também para aconselhar alguém. Para elaborar frases no Imperativo, basta usar os
verbos em Inglês no infinitivo (sua forma original sem conjugação) sem a preposição “to”. E, para
expressar negação, usa-se o Don’t no início das frases. Vejamos exemplos de frases no modo
Imperativo.
Turn on the TV, please. (Ligue a TV, por favor).
Look at the book now, please. (Olhe para o livro agora, por favor).
Go fast! (Vá rápido!)
Come here, please. (Venha aqui, por favor).
Listen to your teacher. (Ouça sua professora).
Sit down / Stand up. (Sente-se/Levante-se)
Don’t close the door. (Não feche a porta).
Don’t go there, it’s dangerous. (Não vá lá, é perigoso).
IMPERATIVE
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
MODAL VERBS
CAN
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
MUST
SHOULD
OUGHT TO
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
The controversial future of nuclear power in the U.S.
Lois Parshley
1 - President Joe Biden has set ambitious goals for fighting climate change: To cut U.S.
carbon emissions in half by 2030 and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. The plan
requires electricity generation – the easiest economic sector to green, analysts say – to be
carbon-free by 2035. […]
7 - “We’ve innovated so little in the past half-century, there’s a lot of ground to gain,” says
Ashley Finan, the director of the National Reactor Innovation Center at the Idaho National
Laboratory. Yet an expansion of nuclear power faces some serious hurdles, and the
perennial concerns about safety and long-lived radioactive waste may not be the biggest:
Critics also say nuclear reactors are simply too expensive and take too long to build to be
of much help with the climate crisis. […]
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/ article/nuclear-plants-are-closing-in-the-us-should-we-build-more. Retrieved on: Feb. 3, 2022. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In the fragment of paragraph 7 “and the perennial concerns about safety and 
long-lived radioactive waste may not be the biggest”, may not be expresses 
a(n)
A) possibility
B) obligation
C) necessity
D) certainty
E) ability
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
U.S. domestic air conditioning use could exceed electric
capacity in next decade due to climate change
1 - Climate change will provoke an increase in summer air conditioning use in the United States that
will probably cause prolonged blackouts during peak summer heat if states do not expand capacity
or improve efficiency, according to a new study of domestic-level demand.
2 - Human emissions have put the global climate on a trajectory to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius of
warming by the early 2030s, the IPCC reported in its 2021 evaluation. Without significant alleviation,
global temperatures will probably exceed the 2.0-degree Celsius limit by the end of the century.
3 - Previous research has examined the impacts of higher future temperatures on annual electricity
consumption for specific cities or states. The new study is the first to project residential air
conditioning demand on a domesticbasis at a wide scale. It incorporates observed and predicted
air temperature and heat, humidity and discomfort indices with air conditioning use by statistically
representative domiciles across the contiguous United States, collected by the U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA) in 2005- 2019. […]
Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/ 220204093124.htm. Retrieved on: Feb. 9, 2022. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In paragraph 1, the fragment “Climate change will provoke an increase in 
summer air conditioning use in the United States that will probably cause 
prolonged blackouts” implies that prolonged blackouts
A) are happening.
B) had happened.
C) have happened.
D) may happen.
E) will have happened.
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
(...) Getting the Job
Sometimesbank recruiters visit high schools to look for future employees.
High school placement offices can tell students whether this is the practice
at their school. If not, prospective bank workers can apply directly to local
banks through their personnel departments. Bank jobs may be listed with
state and private employment agencies. Candidates can also check Internet
job sites and the classified ads in local newspapers as well.
Available at: <http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/151/ Bank-Clerk.html>. Retrieved on: Aug. 22, 2017. Adapted
CESGRANRIO/2022 (ELETROBRAS)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In “Candidates can also check Internet job sites and the classified ads in 
local newspapers as well” (lines 45-47), the modal verb can is replaced, 
without change in meaning, by
A) should
B) must
C) will
D) may
E) need
CESGRANRIO/2018 (BANCO DO BRASIL)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
How to Take Care of Cargo on Container Ships at Sea?
On container ships, cargo is carried in standardized containers, which are placed one over the other and
secured using lashing.
While at sea, the ship is subjected to heavy rolling and pitching, which can not only disturb the cargo but also
upset the stability of the ship. Parametric rolling – a unique phenomenon on container ships, must be carefully
dealt with in order to ensure safety of cargo containers at sea.
Keeping a watch on the loaded cargo containers when the container ship is sailing is as equally important as
preparing a container ship for loading cargo. Also, officers must know all the important equipment tools which
are used to handle cargo on container ships.
The following important points must be considered for taking care of cargo containers while at sea:
Check lashing
Proper container lashing is one of the most important aspects of securing cargo safely on the ships. Every
officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must know and understand the important points for safe
container lashing.
Moreover, when the ship is sailing, lashing must be checked at least once a day and tightened whenever
necessary. [...]
Available at: <https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/how--to-take-care-of-cargo-on-container-ships-at-sea/>. Retrieved on: July 21, 2016. Adapted.
CESGRANRIO/2017 (TRANSPETRO)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
In the fragment “Every officer in charge of cargo loading and unloading must 
know and understand the important points for safe container lashing.” (lines 
21-23), must can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
A) wants to
B) has to
C) can
D) may
E) will
CESGRANRIO/2017 (TRANSPETRO)
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
CALL IN: convidar
CALL OFF: cancelar
CALL ON: pedir, chamar, recorrer
FIGURE ON: planejar
FIGURE OUT: encontrar algo, entender, resolver (um problema)
GET OVER: superar
GIVE UP: desistir
GO ON: continuar, começar a fazer algo, funcionar, basear-se
GO OUT: sair, passear, viajar
LOG OFF: desconectar-se
LOOK AFTER: cuidar
LOOK FOR: procurar, querer, desejar
PULL IN: prender, encostar, chegar 
PULL OVER: encostar
RUN OUT: faltar
TAKE ON: contratar, assumir
PHRASAL VERBS
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
@teacherandreabelo Teacher Andrea Belo Teacher Andrea Belo
THANK YOU!
Inglês | Prof.ª Andrea Belo
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