Prévia do material em texto

A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
Part 12
I
m
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l 
C
o
n
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
n
s
page 166
E
u
g
e
n
ia
 N
e
k
r
a
s
o
v
a
When describing natural phenomena, situations and objects the
Russians normally use the impersonal subjectless sentences with the
so-called -o forms, for example:
Ñåãîäíÿ õîëîäíî. - It is cold today.
Òóò çàíÿòî. - It is occupied here.
Îêðàøåíî. - Wet paint. (literaly It has been painted.)
Ïîçäíî. - It is late. Åù¸ ðàíî. - It is still early. etc.
� The «o» forms are the short adjectives like õîëîäíûé � õîëîäíî
 or the Neuter form of the short perfective participles like çàíÿòî,
 îêðàøåíî.
� These sentences could be used with the following tense forms:
THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS DEALING
WITH NATURE OR OBJECTIVE REALITY
� The subjectless sentence. The -o forms.
�
THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS
DEALING BOTH WITH HUMAN STATES AND NATURE
 (WITH THE ACCUSATIVE OF A PERSON OR AN OBJECT).
�
Present Tense Ñåãîäíÿ õîëîäíî. - It is cold today.
Future Tense Çàâòðà áóäåò õîëîäíî. - It will be cold tomorrow.
Past Tense Â÷åðà áûëî õîëîäíî. -It was cold yesterday.
Âñ¸ çàëèëî âîäîé. - by water.
Äîðîãó çàíåñëî ñíåãîì. - by snow
� The natural phenomenon or the external force is in the Instrumental:
Çèìîé ðàíî òåìíååò. - It`s getting dark early in the winter.
Óæå ñòåìíåëî. - It has got dark already.
Åãî óäàðèëî òîêîì. - He got an electric shock.
Ìåíÿ òîøíèò. - I feel sick.
Ìåíÿ óêà÷àëî. - I got sea-sick.
Âñ¸ çàëèëî âîäîé. - Everything was flooded by water.
Äîðîãó çàíåñëî ñíåãîì. - The road was snow-bound. etc.
� There is a limited group of impersonal sentences dealing both with people
and nature, where the Accusative is used. The verbs are in the third-
person Singular in the Present and Future, and in the Past the Neuter
form is used:
	Part 12. Impersonal Constructions
	THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS DEALING WITH NATURE OR OBJECTIVE REALITY
	THE IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS DEALING BOTH WITH HUMAN STATES AND NATURE