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<p>1</p><p>THE GERUND x THE INFINITIVE IN ENGLISH</p><p>1. What is the Gerund?</p><p>It is the -ing form used as a noun ( Living in a big city is dangerous.). And in other cases, for example the</p><p>Continuous form of a verb ( I am studying. She is playing…)</p><p>2. Form</p><p>Infinitive without TO + -ing</p><p>3. Situations</p><p>a) Gerund as Subject; the verb is the subject:</p><p>Go…… to parties is fun.</p><p>b) Gerund as the Object:</p><p>I enjoy read…………….</p><p>c) Gerund in a verb after the following verbs:</p><p> admit</p><p>He admitted hav…………. driven too fast.</p><p> avoid</p><p>They avoid go……….. on holiday on</p><p>Saturdays.</p><p> carry on</p><p>If we carry on sleep………… so badly, we may</p><p>need help.</p><p> consider</p><p>Ralph is considering buy…………. a new</p><p>house.</p><p> delay</p><p>I delayed tell………. Max the news.</p><p> deny</p><p>She denies read………. the book.</p><p> dislike</p><p>We dislike read……… poems.</p><p> can't/couldn't help</p><p>He couldn't help fall………. in love with her.</p><p> enjoy</p><p>I enjoy play………. chess.</p><p> finish</p><p>They finished work………. in the garden.</p><p> give up</p><p>Susan gave up play………. ice-hockey.</p><p> risk</p><p> You risk catch……… a cold.</p><p> imagine</p><p>He imagined driv……… a new car.</p><p> include</p><p>Your responsibility includes tak………</p><p>reservations on the phone.</p><p> involve</p><p>The project will involve grow……… plants.</p><p> justify</p><p>I cannot justify pay………. $100 for this</p><p>ticket.</p><p> keep (on)</p><p>They keep on run………..</p><p> mention</p><p>Did Alex ever mention play……….baseball?</p><p> mind</p><p>I don't mind sleep…….. on the couch.</p><p> miss</p><p>They miss play……… with their friends.</p><p> practise (UK)/ practice (US)</p><p>She practised play………. hockey.</p><p> regret* ( to repent)</p><p>Do you regret hav…….. mentioned it?</p><p>* After the verb regret the to-infinitive is used</p><p>when announcing bad news:</p><p>- We regret to inform you that the flight to</p><p>Munich has been cancelled.</p><p> suggest</p><p>She suggested fly………. to Cairo.</p><p>2</p><p>d) Gerund after special phrases:</p><p> to be busy</p><p>He is busy read……. the paper.</p><p> don't mind</p><p>I don't mind tell……….. them my opinion.</p><p> feel like</p><p>We feel like hav…….. a cup of tea.</p><p> how about</p><p>How about walk………home instead of</p><p>tak………the car?</p><p> it's (no) good</p><p>It's no good talk……….. to this girl.</p><p> it's no use</p><p>It's no use talk………. to the headmaster.</p><p> spend one's time DOING something</p><p>He spends much time read………...</p><p> there's no</p><p>There's no cheat………. anymore.</p><p> there's no point</p><p>There's no point in complain…….. further.</p><p> what about</p><p>What about go………. to the zoo?</p><p> worth</p><p>The book is worth read…….</p><p>e) Gerund after prepositions:</p><p> In</p><p>We´re interested in buy…….. that house.</p><p> For</p><p>I blame you for be…….. guilty.</p><p> After</p><p>After read……….. all the books you must have improved your vocabulary.</p><p> Before</p><p>Before eat………… all the meal you may eat the dessert.</p><p> To</p><p>I look forward to hear………… from you.</p><p> at</p><p>She is good at cook…………</p><p> What about you? What are you good at?..............................................................</p><p>3</p><p>f) Gerund in adjectives in the Active form:</p><p>Keanu Reeve´s new role is amaz………… .</p><p>I started reading an interest………. Novel.</p><p>Chemistry is a bor……………subject .</p><p>WATCH OUT!</p><p>CERTAIN VERBS DO NOT ADMIT THE CONJUGATION IN THE CONTINUOUS TENSES.</p><p>Ex.: believe - I believe what you say.</p><p>NOT : I am believing what you say!</p><p> dislike - She dislikes eating pizza.</p><p> doubt - I doubt what you say is true.</p><p> imagine - He imagines he needs some time off work.</p><p> know - I know Tom very well.</p><p> like - I like watching TV in the evening.</p><p> love - They love to visit friends.</p><p> hate - I hate to see him suffer.</p><p> prefer - They prefer to take tests on Monday.</p><p> realize - She realizes that it was her mistake.</p><p> recognize - Peter recognizes his mistake.</p><p> remember - I remember that day very well.</p><p> suppose - I suppose you are right.</p><p> understand - Tim understands the situation.</p><p> want - I want to wish you well.</p><p> wish - I wish life were easier.</p><p> appear - It appears to be finished.</p><p> hear - I hear what you are saying.</p><p> see - I see that it's difficult.</p><p> seem - It seems rather simple to me.</p><p> smell - It smells like a rat.</p><p> sound - It sounds like a good idea.</p><p> taste - It tastes like almonds.</p><p>2. What is the Infinitive?</p><p>to + verb ( infinitive with TO)</p><p>- The infinite of a verb is the basic form of a verb, when it is not conjugated in any verb tense.</p><p>Example: to listen</p><p>- The infinitive is used when it comes after another verb in a sentence, except in the cases listed</p><p>above.</p><p>Example: Students need to listen to the CD.</p><p>I want to practice more.</p><p>4</p><p>OBS: In some cases, the Infinitive without TO (bare Infinitive) is used.</p><p>Example: You can go out now.</p><p>3. With the verb TO STOP, both gerund and infinitive can be used, but the meaning of the sentence</p><p>changes completely.</p><p>Examples: Stop calling me all the time. (to quit an activity definitely)</p><p>They stopped to drink some water.</p><p>(to interrupt an activity temporarily)</p><p>4. It also happens with the verb TO REGRET:</p><p>- when it is followed by INFINITIVE, it means TO LAMENT.</p><p>The director regrets to tell you all that the company is going to be closed.</p><p>- when it is followed by GERUND, it means that one is repenting a past action.</p><p>I regret talking to you like that.</p><p>5. After verbs that express likes/dislikes, both INFINITIVE and GERUND are used:</p><p> like</p><p> love</p><p> dislike</p><p> hate</p><p>Example: She likes to dance.</p><p>She likes dancing.</p>