1o_Basic Grammar In Use-4th Edition

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<p>CAMBI-{lI)GE</p><p>Self-study reference and</p><p>practice fer students of</p><p>American English</p><p>Fourth Edition</p><p>Raymond Murphy</p><p>with William R. Smalzer and Juseph Chapple</p><p>weelefxfiirfgr</p><p>=’i H lc‘K I</p><p>"5-"M -L‘-.| |-I.-'ir u...e.'u..i@-?J-°</p><p>Experience</p><p>-i Better</p><p>Learning</p><p>umrw. irLa11g11age. CD111</p><p>CAMBRIDGEUNITERSITYPHESS</p><p>_</p><p>Self-study reference and</p><p>practice for students of</p><p>American English</p><p>with answers and ehunk</p><p>Fourth Edition</p><p>Raymond Murphy</p><p>with William R. Smalzer and Joseph Chapple</p><p>csleiaicussifiiaeflfw</p><p>E3</p><p>E~“"°'2</p><p>irLang11ag,e--=-am</p><p>cfla-'=|_e| cflaj 3-.='.w L55S9'|l:'b":9'fl'1T'm cel</p><p>'1</p><p>'\'\..T' "\.-I||_|- '\'_|'|.__. |J|| I-I I I llll d.|-=| L-ll-Il1{|;L|.I|.-I."--_||'-|| _-L.|i"'_._| |_E". F I I -.‘:'|.l\ '|\{.|L- ‘|:".:! _||||I'l_| Ill ‘BI...-' 3 _!_l\ |_|:'l I l |.' |_||-‘E |:_|| '-_|_l|_l!'\' _ I ‘L. : I I ‘I .1-I'll-Q J: |_-l|.':|- :l'_:\.'\-H. |1|.|-|;| .|.|_|-1' |_::|-I-J|-."_ _|| L_ :l-|1 _.|:n-'|</p><p>Acknowledgements vii</p><p>To the Student viii</p><p>To the Teacher It</p><p>Interactive ebooi: xi</p><p>Present</p><p>I amfisfare</p><p>2 arrifisfare (questions)</p><p>3 I am doing [present continuous}</p><p>si are you doing? {present continuous questions)</p><p>5 I dofworkflike, etc. [simple present)</p><p>6 I don't . . . (simple present negative)</p><p>Z? Do you . . . ? (simple present questions)</p><p>8 I arn doing (present continuous) and I do {simple present)</p><p>9 I have... and l'vegot...</p><p>Post</p><p>'10 wasfwere</p><p>"I'l workedfgotfwent. etc. (simple past}</p><p>12 I didn't . . . Did you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions)</p><p>"I3 lwas doing (past continuous)</p><p>14 I was doing [past continuous} and I did [simple past]</p><p>"I5 l used to . . .</p><p>Present perfect</p><p>‘I6 Have you ?</p><p>‘I? How long have you . . . ‘I</p><p>IS for since ago</p><p>‘I9 I have done {present perfect] and I did (past)</p><p>Passive</p><p>20 is done was done {passive 1)</p><p>21 is being done has been done {passive 2)</p><p>Veroforms</p><p>22 befhavefdo iri present and past tenses</p><p>23 Regular and irregular verbs</p><p>Future</p><p>2-ii What are you doing tomorrow?</p><p>25 I'm going to . . .</p><p>25 will</p><p>Ii it‘!-t. -7'-i.F~‘.It. "vi.'*i st l-It '~:.ie|i_"-1' L ‘sets '1 -Jr. ‘vi ~. =.'t" -< '--.-. .. ;"": 1*-‘</p><p>Medals. imperative. etc.</p><p>2? might</p><p>28 can and could</p><p>29 must</p><p>30 should</p><p>31 I have to . . .</p><p>32 Would you like . . .? I’d Iike . . .</p><p>33 IE1 rather . . .</p><p>34 Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!</p><p>There oncl it</p><p>35 there is there are</p><p>36 there wasfwere there hasfhave been there will be</p><p>3? it</p><p>Auiriiiory verbs</p><p>38 I am. I don’t. etc.</p><p>39 You have? Have you? You are? Are you?. etc.</p><p>44} toofeither so am I I neither do I. etc.</p><p>41 isn’t. haven’t. don"t. etc. (negatives)</p><p>Questions</p><p>42 isit...? haveyoum? dotI1ey...?. etc. [questions 1)</p><p>43 Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2)</p><p>44 Who is she talking to? * What is it like? [questions 3)</p><p>45 What . . . ? Which . . . ? How . . . ? [questions 4)</p><p>46 How long does it take . . . I</p><p>4? Do you know where . . . ? I don’t know what . . . . etc.</p><p>Reported speech</p><p>48 She said that . . . He told rne that . . .</p><p>-ing end to . . .</p><p>49 workrworking goffloing doidoing</p><p>50 to . . . (I want to do) and -irig (I enjoy doing)</p><p>5“! Iwantyouto... ltoid youto...</p><p>52 Iweflttothestoreto...</p><p>Go. get. do. mrrke. onri hove</p><p>53 goto... goon... gofor... go-ing</p><p>s-4 get</p><p>55 do and rnake</p><p>55 have</p><p>Pronouns ond possessives</p><p>5? lime herhim theyfthern. etc.</p><p>53 myihisftheir. etc.</p><p>59 Whose is this? lt’s mineryoursfhers. etc.</p><p>60 ljmefniyfmine</p><p>61 myseIfi'yourselfi’tl1emselves. etc.</p><p>E2 -‘s (Kate's camera I my brother’s car. etc.)</p><p>- I -' ;: ; - ' 1 :-'- - '. "-1- ‘ L‘-E;-1|-"-" I‘.-TI T"~i.-.' "-'-"'l..a'1'"r' =f.i..|['Iii;-Ii‘--. I-1.5-.i'.E 7'1?H?</p><p>A and the</p><p>53 afan . . .</p><p>64 train(s} lru$(es) (singular and plural)</p><p>65 a bottle I some water (countfnoncount 1)</p><p>65 a cake I some cake I some cakes (countfnoncount 2)</p><p>I52 afan and the</p><p>63 the . . .</p><p>69 go to work go home go to the hospital</p><p>20 l like music I hate exams</p><p>21 the . . . (names of places)</p><p>Deterrniners and pronouns</p><p>22 thisfthatfthesefthose</p><p>2'3 onefones</p><p>24 some and any</p><p>25 not+any no none</p><p>26 not + anybodyfanyoneianything nohodyrno onefnothing</p><p>22 someboclyfanythingfnowhere. etc.</p><p>F8 every and all</p><p>29 all most some any noinone</p><p>80 both either neither</p><p>B1 alot much many</p><p>82 (a)little (a)few</p><p>adjectives and adverbs</p><p>83 oldfnicefinteresting. etc. (adjectives)</p><p>E-4 quicklyfbadlyfsuddenly. etc. (adverbs)</p><p>35 oldfolder expensive I more expensive</p><p>S6 oider than . . . more expensive than . . .</p><p>8? notas...as</p><p>58 the oldest the most expensive</p><p>89 enough</p><p>90 too</p><p>Word order</p><p>91 He speaks English very well. [word order ‘l)</p><p>92 alwaysfusiiallyioften. etc. (word order 2)</p><p>93 still yet already</p><p>94 Give me that hook! Give it to me!</p><p>Conjunctions ond clouses</p><p>95 and but or so because</p><p>96 When . . .</p><p>9? lfwe go.. . lfyou see . . . . etc-</p><p>98 lfl had... |fwewent.....etc.</p><p>99 a person who . . . a thing thatiwhich . . . {relative clauses ‘l)</p><p>‘IUD the people we met the hotel you stayed at {relative clauses 2)</p><p>il "rt ‘rl... HI I.ll ‘z-ll-ll I Ill. 1- -I i. I-"al l "~.- "1"l.ll..? “-ii E ill ll II "*1 i I... E '1'": L l l ii l i =l J 11',-'-. ‘l if '1 i .1 I"'3"</p><p>Prepositions</p><p>101 at 3:00 on Monday in April</p><p>102 from...to until since for</p><p>103 before after during while</p><p>104 in at on [places1)</p><p>105 in at on (places 2)</p><p>106 to in at {places3)</p><p>102 next to. between. under. etc.</p><p>103 up. over. through. etc.</p><p>109 on at by with about</p><p>110 afraid of....good at....etc. ofiatifonetc. {prepositions)+-ing</p><p>111 listen to....Iook at....etc- (verb + preposition)</p><p>Phrosol verbs</p><p>112 go in. fall off. run away. etc- (phrasal verbs 1)</p><p>113 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)</p><p>Appendixes</p><p>Appendix 1 Active and passive 229</p><p>Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 230</p><p>Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 231</p><p>Appendix 4 Short forms (he's! l’d I don’t. etc.) 232</p><p>Appendix 5 Spelling 23-11</p><p>Appendixfi Phrasal verbs [take off i give up. etc-) 236</p><p>Appendix 2 Phrasal verbs + object {put out a fire i try on clothes. etc.) 232</p><p>Additional Exercises 238</p><p>Study Guide 252</p><p>Answer Key to Exercises 220</p><p>Answer Key to Additional Exercises 29?</p><p>Answer Key to Study Guide 300</p><p>Index 302</p><p>Many thanks to Rebecca Hill for her solid guidance. meticulous editorial work. and ever—professional attitude.</p><p>Design</p><p>Q2A Media Services Pvt. Ltd.</p><p>Illustrations</p><p>Adz. Paul Boston. Christopher Flint, john Goodwin. Katie Mac, Martina — KIA artists. Lucy Truman</p><p>Digital development</p><p>Datamatics Ltd.</p><p>vii</p><p>This is a grammar book for beginning</p><p>to low-intermediate students of English.</p><p>There are 113 units in the book. and each</p><p>unit is about a ditferent point of English</p><p>grammar. There is a list of units at</p><p>the beginning of the book (Contents).</p><p>Do not study all the units in order from</p><p>beginning to end. It is better to choose</p><p>the units that you need to do. For</p><p>example, if you have a problem with the</p><p>present perfect (I hove been. he hos done.</p><p>etc.). study Units 16-19.</p><p>Use the Contents or the index (at the</p><p>back of the book) to find the unit I '~~~e--v-v..........</p><p>(or units) that you need.</p><p>If you are not sure ____.__</p><p>which units you - -</p><p>need to study. use “'"""""</p><p>the Study Guide</p><p>at the back of the</p><p>. I1 1,--. I r-'--cl r-r-. H:--H||.</p><p>Ji|_,|.u-I 1|.“-.'-_|; II-II.-1-| Elu-III</p><p>1|‘ 1--fl.-I\.'\;h.|-I.I-\.._|-I l'II\.lL-"U</p><p>A 't'+h.|-.-I I‘.--r "--Ir.|::-I ii-I'I"- D'|I|'Il\||.-'I-</p><p>" l‘.| El-| I-ii."-‘I!-'r</p><p>l|r.|-.I;.1- I-1--la" |.I|-I ICH.I-.r\-I U"-"P ll-~' |i'v'r II!-‘I</p><p>III!</p><p>gr 'II---.--II1|- 1-'1--I:I-I "-</p><p>5-.. -_|. .|;.\I I-r —-I -ur I. 'J'I"I.A I -I III-</p><p>:_' '.'-I-I. I.l'I'Ti "-I.‘-"I-"1'</p><p>.I|-|-_-. _rI I-1|: |'-l- i I'l-I‘ _I'\-'- “flu I-I‘! ‘II’? |-|-</p><p>:-| -'l|l'I-| r-.I|I.ll |.i-"".":|:|':l'\.II':-H</p><p>j.-I_'rI Iurlrv EIAIJ fll"-‘ill-J I -ll—</p><p>H 'l-l'fl*_| -..-1; r-..-.--I.|:I I-I-LI"l'LJ'l-I-F" ll</p><p>II l-ri \II.|:-n Gl|;' 'l.l-P‘</p><p>' ' I III-ll-‘I-</p><p>q5.5-.|.|;;.I. I;|:.-'.|-or"-.:I \II-iv-I-..|"-PI!</p><p>|;|..;I.;|-ii-.I.-_tl. |eI.:|Ir-I.-.|+.-1,</p><p>I'|. " '-.-__, o-a-'.|I-r-o- .s-.'- II-I-I I</p><p>_I|'I.|.;|-II'II_I": III-'1-I li-':-Iwl'l"1:'l'I'."|i|-F</p><p>||;.;||_q-.r'\-.|; a.;..I.-I-I I.-finial lIh:I|i:|.l'-e l-'r-d-H‘-I H-rI:I-</p><p>[ _-A |.|I_l\--i |I.I_"1:.I-I-II</p><p>J.l</p><p>‘I</p><p>II -u- Irl-!-. .|-'|.I'.|- I-I ‘H-.-‘I-I1. "I- i"'*"--"" ‘I 5"</p><p>.II.--I.|-'1</p><p>years ago</p><p>Normally I start work at ?'00 sol .. . . .. .. up very early</p><p>Where ou .. before you came to this company?</p><p>Haveyou...?</p><p>Have you been</p><p>to Mexico City? *5’ ' "'.a"'e'lviany times. T-__..h,,</p><p>Have you ever IN I ve neverbeen to lapan? *3’?been to Japan.</p><p>have been l have played i have driven, etc, is the present perfect (have + past participle):</p><p>I _ played ~ I I played?</p><p>WE l'l?W'li'-'l"-"'I?l llived have WE .Iived? _ lregular verbs</p><p>j you have nvtihavsrfla visited E‘ rev zvisited? i</p><p>ill‘??? . read i She)‘ read?</p><p>I -_ |, _.ll.</p><p>I 1 | SI? .</p><p>he h ('5) = 05" I he D irregular verbs</p><p>she has h , '. been has she 599"?</p><p>, 5.; '35 “UH 35“ tl ldriven is '_ driven? i</p><p>_| I | _ -</p><p>' Tpast participle</p><p>Regular verbs The past participle is -ed (the same as the simple past):</p><p>play —I'r I have played live -s I have lived visit —Ii she has visited</p><p>lnegular verbs The past participle is not -ed.</p><p>Sometimes the past participle is the same as the simple past.</p><p>buy é I bought l I have bought have -1 he had l he has had</p><p>Sometimes the simple past and the past participle are different {see Appendiiies 2-3):</p><p>break —?- I broke l I have broken see -ii you saw l you have seen</p><p>______i_</p><p>We use the present perfect when we talk about a time from the past until now - for exam ple, a persons life:</p><p>I-lave you (ever) been to japan?</p><p>--W-——Z—— timefrom the past until now</p><p>past now</p><p>i'_'ji “Have you been to France?“ “No, I haven't"</p><p>[Ii We've been to Canada, but we haven't been to Alaska.</p><p>",5 Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many different places.</p><p>if I've seen that woman before, but I can't remember where.</p><p>ijji How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?</p><p>if) “Have you read this book?" "Yes, I've read it twice." (twice = two times)</p><p>We use the present perfect + ever (in questions) and never-.</p><p>Cl "Has Michelle ever been to Australia?" “Yes. once." (once = one time)</p><p>Fl “Have you ever played golf?" "Yes. I play a lot."</p><p>Ci lvly sister has never traveled by plane.</p><p>ill I've never ridden a horse.</p><p>-fl "Who is that man?" "I don't know. I've never seen him before."</p><p>present perfect -Ii Units 1‘.?—1B present perfect and simple past -l' Unit 19</p><p>irregular verbs -I Appendiites 2-3</p><p>Exercises</p><p>You are asking Lauren questions beginning with Have you ever . . . ? Write the questions.</p><p>‘-L'1"lIi"“--lU"'iIi.-I"!-I21-I-.-I-I'l'--iI'—1~</p><p>Write sentences about Lauren. (Look at her answers in Eitercise 16.1.)</p><p>(be I Montreal?) ...-...ti.ave-vav.se-er..iiee.a.se.IvleasI:ee.l?.</p><p>(play I golf?) . .-.Irlairs.iiiauersr.i?ia.vs.e.sa.IfiT.-.....-</p><p>(be I South Korea?) Have .. .. . .. ..</p><p>(lose I your passport?) .</p><p>(fly I in a helicopter?)</p><p>(win I a race?)</p><p>(be I Peru?)</p><p>(drive I a bus?)</p><p>(break I your leg?)</p><p>1 (l'JeIP'Ei'u).....§l'1i$T?.i?§'§i"l.kI1?F'@FU.kW.l.§§=...........</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things?</p><p>5</p><p>IS</p><p>(beISouth Korea) She . . .-</p><p>(win I a race) ..</p><p>(fly I in a helicopter)</p><p>(bel New York) I .</p><p>(playItennis) . . .</p><p>7' (driveIatruck) .</p><p>I3 (be I late for work or school)</p><p>Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done?</p><p>MARY</p><p>'lT‘I|-.-l"'I-ll"-‘l...I'-ill"-a'l—"'</p><p>-have be 00"] ifallover the world alot of interesting things</p><p>write -miai=iy-di-fliereri-t—jabs- alot of interesting people</p><p>--.,__htravel meeg/I 10 books married three times</p><p>LAUREN -</p><p>hio, never.</p><p>Yes, many times</p><p>Yes, once.</p><p>No, never.</p><p>Yes, a few times.</p><p>No, never.</p><p>Yes, twice.</p><p>No, never.</p><p>Yes, once-</p><p>l..-""1 3'“</p><p>..one.iias..has.ii:ia.risi..i;lilife.ireri.t_io.les... .. ... ..</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>'5</p><p>5</p><p>F</p><p>B</p><p>II—II—IIIIIIIIIIIIII—IIII—IIIIIII—II—lI—'IrIIIIIIIIIIII—IIIIIIII_II—IIIIIlIII</p><p>...|.....|.|..... . ....... ..........-||...-......".............|.. |.|.|.|</p><p>(my brother I be) there twice.</p><p>(I I see) that woman before, but I can't remember her name.</p><p>".. (you I everI play) golf?" "Yes, I play golf a lot.“</p><p>(you Iever I write) a poem?" "Yes, in high school."</p><p>"Does Emma know Sam?" "No, .. .. (she I never I meet) him.“</p><p>Amanda and Josh have lots of books, and (they I read) all of them</p><p>(I I never I be) to Australia, but</p><p>Danielle's favorite movie is Ciniy Tomorrow. . .. (she I see) it five</p><p>times, but . I never I see) it.</p><p>(I I travel) by plane. bus. and train. Someday, I want to take a trip</p><p>Rachel is on vacation in Brazil.</p><p>She is there now.</p><p>She arrived in Brazil on Monday</p><p>Today is Thursday.</p><p>How long has she been in Brazil?</p><p>She has been in Brazil l</p><p>Compare is and has been:</p><p>She has been in Brazil {</p><p>lvlondoy</p><p>Compare:</p><p>Simple present</p><p>Elan and Kate are married.</p><p>Are you married?</p><p>Do you know Lisa?</p><p>I know Lisa.</p><p>‘vera lives in Brasilia.</p><p>I have a car.</p><p>Present continuous</p><p>Fm studying German.</p><p>David is watching T‘v'.</p><p>lt’s raining</p><p>for and since -Ir Units 1 8| 101</p><p>since Monday.</p><p>for three days</p><p>How long have you 5l""7"5 l""l‘5’"“l33"</p><p>been in Brazil? '</p><p>1-\_ '</p><p>—I -it-1</p><p>-11‘</p><p>. . '1'" — 1-|l4- +- ‘L ;'__,.=_ .__ l</p><p>i ii 1 |-|_l- — ' —-|'\-- i</p><p>She is in Brazil is = present</p><p>now.</p><p>since Monday.for three flaw has been = present perfect</p><p>now</p><p>Thursday</p><p>Present perfect (have been I have lived I have known, etc.)</p><p>They have been married for five years.</p><p>(not They are married For five years.)</p><p>How long have you been rnarried?</p><p>(not How long are you married?)</p><p>How long have you known her?</p><p>{not How long do you know her?)</p><p>I've known her for a long time.</p><p>(not I know her for. . .}</p><p>How long has she lived in Brasilia?</p><p>She has lived there all her life.</p><p>How long have you had your car?</p><p>1've had it since April.</p><p>Present per_,fet"t continuous (have been + -ing)</p><p>How long have you been studying Gerrnan?</p><p>{not How long are you studying German?)</p><p>I've been studying German for two years.</p><p>How long has he been watching Tv?</p><p>He's been (= He has been) watching Tv since 5:00.</p><p>It's been (= it has been] raining all day.</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete these sentences.</p><p>1 Rachel is in Brazil- She .. ...l.‘.l.B.1'r'-.'-*..li.?.~§.~BlT!.-..-. there since Monday.</p><p>2 l know Lisa. l .......l.‘.I.=.1=i='*r.'¢-'.l!§.i11.1_?.'?i‘.'=.'f=.‘.'.I. .. her for a long time.</p><p>3 Amy and Jason are married. They . .. married since 2005.</p><p>4 Matt is sick. He sick for the last few days.</p><p>5 We live on Main Street. We there for a long time.</p><p>B Catherine works in a bank. She in a bank for five years.</p><p>F Nick has a headache. He .. a headache since he got up this morning.</p><p>B l'm studying English.l .. . .. English for sin months.</p><p>Make questions with How long . . . ?</p><p>“r-.lU"'|'l-.-l'1-I1"-'l..I~.l'l"-..1'-I</p><p>Emily is on vacation. ......l:lorr.lo.no..hae..e.h.o-.lzsoo..o.o.ve.sas<ien......-..-..</p><p>Dan and Megan are in Brazil. How long</p><p>l know Emma. How long you.</p><p>Rachel is studying ltalian.</p><p>My brother lives in Seattle. _,</p><p>l'm a teacher.</p><p>it is raining.</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with:</p><p>[lffor1fl minutes allday all her life</p><p>-ier—‘le-years- since he was 20 since Sunday/,</p><p>o-cn4:s-..or~..r- Iona“?</p><p>:r'</p><p>lummmm 551-"+""‘:;</p><p>er1;‘ We're :.</p><p>married J ‘ls?-_</p><p>Theounl live in</p><p>t-h cation Ieehtning_ Sou liorea. Wereonva</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>"l Ryan -lives-[ has lived in Canada since April. (has lived is right]</p><p>2 Olivia and I are friends. I know 1 i've kngwn her very well.</p><p>3 Ulivia and I are friends. l know i I've kngwn her for along time.</p><p>4 rt Sorry I'm late. How long are you waiting if have you been waiting?</p><p>e: hlot long. Only five minutes.</p><p>5 lohn works [ has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot.</p><p>Tr‘</p><p>9 Tom is 1 has been in Seattle right now. He is Q He has been there for the last three days.</p><p>|</p><p>ii. .__</p><p>I have a beard.</p><p>I -r . _</p><p>I 1-</p><p>.|_l-</p><p>6 Amanda is reading a newspapet She is reading ,5‘ She has been reading it for two hours.</p><p>How long do you live ,:f have yog lived in this house?" “About ‘IB years.“</p><p>B "ls that a new coat?" "No. I have 1 l've had this coat For a long time."</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>for and since</p><p>We use for and since to say how long‘.</p><p>is Rachel is in sisal. She has been there l f?"‘“"""' Bi?‘since Monday.</p><p>We use for + a period of time We use since + the start of the period</p><p>(three days I two years. etc.}: (Monday</p><p>r’ 9:00. etc):</p><p>for three days</p><p>post now post now</p><p>5 three days</p><p>an hour</p><p>a week</p><p>a month</p><p>_ five years</p><p>E] We've been waiting for two hours. I'I'_SI' We've been waiting since 9 G0</p><p>{not since two hours} {= from 9:00 to now)</p><p>'T.'..ll l've lived in Chicago for a long time. L1 l've lived in Chicago since I was 10</p><p>years old.</p><p>B ago</p><p>ago = before now:</p><p>Anna started her new job three weeks ago. [= three weeks before now)</p><p>L3" “When did Tom leave?" “Ten minutes ago." (= ten minutes before now]</p><p>F3’ l had dinner an hour ago.</p><p>CI Life was very different a hundred years ago.</p><p>We use ago with the post (startedldidlhadlwas. etc.].</p><p>Compare ago and for:</p><p>L.) When did Rachel arrive in Brazil?</p><p>She arrived in Brazil three days ago.</p><p>LU How long has she been in Brazil?</p><p>She has been in Brazil for three days.</p><p>present perfect + forlsince -I Unit 1? fiomfuntllfsincelfor -"Ir Unit 101 for and during -I Unit 103</p><p>stort of the</p><p>period</p><p>i_</p><p>‘I. 3 David has been in Canada for siit T" David has been in Canada since</p><p>months. (not since sin months] January. (= from lanuary to now}</p><p>_ , ___ __ _ _ rvionclay since Monday</p><p>Monday Tuesday l__\r'§-iednesdi _______</p><p>since</p><p>for -... l . ____€_i</p><p>iii minutes _ lvlonday Wednesday</p><p>two hours i soo 12:30</p><p>four weeks luly -ith my birthday</p><p>sia months - January l was ll] years old</p><p>a long time I ZBBB we arrived</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write for or since.</p><p>‘l Rachel has been in Brazil Monday.</p><p>2 Rachel has been in Brazil threedays.</p><p>3 My aunt has lived in Australia . "I5 years.</p><p>4 Jennifer is in her office. She has been there........... . ?:iJEi.</p><p>5 Me:-tico has been an independent country .... .. . 1B2'l.</p><p>6 The bus is late. We've been waiting... 20 minutes.</p><p>F Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty .. many years.</p><p>B Michael has been sick . a long time. He has been in the hospital .-..-...............-.......Cictobet</p><p>@ Answer these questions. Use ago.</p><p>1 When was the last time you ate? Tl.'l.l7!i.=B l1-1?-‘!J=.l‘?l:'r..BB"-'~?~......</p><p>2 When was the last time you were sick? __ _. .. .. .. .. .. .. .</p><p>3 When was the last time you went to the movies? . .</p><p>4 When was the last time you were in a car? ....... ..</p><p>S When was the last time you went on vacation? .. . .</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these wo[ds.</p><p>‘I Rachel arrived in Brazil . (three days)</p><p>2 Rachel has been in Brazil .. (three days)</p><p>3 Stephanie and Robert have been married . .. (EB years)</p><p>-ti Stephanie and Robert got married [EB years)</p><p>S Dan arrived . .. (an hour)</p><p>6 l bought these sboes.......... . [a few days)</p><p>F’ Ana has been studying English ............................................................ . . . (six months)</p><p>B Have you known Allison..- . .. ? {a long time)</p><p>Complete the sentences with for or since.</p><p>i {Rachel is in Brazil — she arrived there three clays ago)</p><p>.li-'e.shs.i..lia.a..itssn.in.liitaail..fot..1shres.sie:>r.er..... . ..</p><p>2 {jack is here — he arrived on Tuesday)</p><p>jack . . . .</p><p>3 (It's raining — it started an hour ago)</p><p>It's been</p><p>4 {I know Sue — I met her in ZUBB)</p><p>l've . .. .</p><p>S. (Emily and Matthew are married - they got married sia: months ago)</p><p>Emily and Matthew have . .</p><p>6 [Liz is studying medicine - she started three years ago)</p><p>Liz .. .</p><p>7? (David plays the piano — he started when he was seven years old)</p><p>David has......... . . .</p><p>@ Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with:</p><p>l l've lived . . . l've been . . . l've been studying . . . l've known . . . l've had . .</p><p>.... .. . . .</p><p>1.-|'I-Ii‘-L-I--‘rl"'-1'-—'*</p><p>-i- Additional exercises 16-18 {pages 244-245)</p><p>I've made some coffee.</p><p>.- Would you like some?</p><p>""1""</p><p>-hi‘.</p><p>Kate is making some coffee. Kate has made some coffee.</p><p>Kate has made some coffee = she made some coffee and the coffee is ready now</p><p>You can use the present perfect {have done r’ has made. etc.) for new information:</p><p>r._'_i “l've decided to quit my job.“ "Really? Why?"</p><p>"IQ" We've sold our cat How we take the bus every day.</p><p>They're having a party nest week, but they haven't invited me.</p><p>2.1;. I'm looking for Amy. Have you seen her?</p><p>You can also use the past (I decided, we sold, etc.) in these er-iamples:</p><p>3:: I decided to quit my job.</p><p>We say that something has changed. It is different now from what it was before:</p><p>-III! Her English has improved. It's pretty good now.</p><p>if. ." The city has ohanged a lot. It's very different now.</p><p>We use the past. not the present perfect, with a finished time (last year. yesterday, etc.):</p><p>"= They arrived yesterday. (not have anivecl)</p><p>Where were you on Sunday? yesterday</p><p>[not Where have you been) last year</p><p>'.'_': We didn't take a vacation last year. siii: months ago ---------- ~~</p><p>(not haven't taken) at 3:0-Ii</p><p>='.'Q.l= AI Did you go out last night? in 101 1</p><p>ii: No, I stayed home. finished time</p><p>I William Shakespeare lived fi'om 1564 to 1616. He was</p><p>a writet He wrote many plays and poems. Past "SW</p><p>We use the past to askwhen . . . 'i‘ or Wliattime . . . i‘:</p><p>-if. .' when did you sell your car? (not When have you sold)</p><p>'1 What time did Andy go out? (not What time has)</p><p>We use the present perfect with yet in negative sentences and questions.</p><p>Yet [= until now) is usually at the end</p><p>S ' ii: Does Iames know that you're going away?</p><p>e: No. I haven't told him yet</p><p>-I.-..' it: Have Sarah and Nick arrived yet?</p><p>s: No. not yet. but they'll be here soon.</p><p>’. -' AI Has Nicole started her new job yet?</p><p>ii: No. she's starting neat week.</p><p>'l._-1 Silvia has bought a new dress, but she hasn't worn it yet.</p><p>You can also use the past with yet:</p><p>'1-‘ Did Nicole start her new job yet?</p><p>present perfect -lr Units 16-18 simple past -I Units I1-11 yet -I Unit 93</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete thesentences. Use the present peijfect (I've made. etc.) with these-_wo_rds.</p><p>Thle present-</p><p>ie for me.</p><p>'f:"§ . _ _'_'- _ ".F - * ofew minutes ogo now 5 1. ofew minutes ego now</p><p>- -_ —'""-"""'I'm going ' "' ~'</p><p>out eoon -</p><p>L change decide finish fix go up invite -make see stop 'i</p><p>'i._ _</p><p>"I I some coffee. Would you like some?</p><p>2 The wedding is in June. We5i]people.</p><p>3 I can't find my glasses. you .. them anywhere?</p><p>ii The weather It's colder now.</p><p>S What are your plans? What you to do?</p><p>5 Food prices a lot. Everything is more expensive now.</p><p>F you .. .. the book you were reading?</p><p>B There was a problem with the car, but l .. it. It's OK now.</p><p>9 it raining We can go out now.</p><p>Are the verbs in these sentences UK? Correct them if necessary. {The verbs are underlined.)</p><p>1 Whereiiion Sunday?</p><p>1 1'm|<I"='l<inefs-t Amt Hi her?</p><p>3 l've washed all the clothes Everything is clean. ..</p><p>4 'v'icky has bought some clothes yesterday. ..</p><p>5 l've decided to try to learn Iapanese. ..</p><p>5 Last year l've decided to try to learn Iapanese.</p><p>Tr‘ The weather hasn't been good last weekend. ..</p><p>B Steve's grandmother has died six months ago. .</p><p>Write negative sentences with yet (They haven't . . . yet i She hasn't . . .yet, etc.).</p><p>-1.</p><p>(she if go I out) (the train I leave) H . _</p><p>.@l A</p><p>HDW Q“is ofew minutes ego now 5 ofew minutes ego</p><p>i [lief open I it) (thefmoviei start)</p><p>-EH | -'-I</p><p>Write questions. Use the present perfect + yet.</p><p>1 Your fiiend has a new job. Maybe she has started it.</p><p>You ask her:</p><p>2 Your friend has some new neighbors. Maybe he has met them.</p><p>You ask him: you</p><p>3 Your friend is going on a trip soon. Maybe she has booked her flight.</p><p>You ask her:</p><p>4 Some people (not you) are having a meeting at work. Maybe the meeting has finished.</p><p>You ask a colleague: ..</p><p>-I Additional exercises 19-13 {pages 2A6-MB)</p><p>is done was done (passive 1)</p><p>||-|-ii---. II-"I -I-—i</p><p>iii |Ir--</p><p>.__.-Z-_i“ | - - —--Z 1-1</p><p>__,.__.._,|..-_-.,_-</p><p>_. -- I</p><p>_ r . . F | . ________i---I III-—i</p><p>_:- I | .._-.i-_—1--i; . I —i</p><p>___i_-___. -. -1--—--—i</p><p>d The office is cleaned every day.</p><p>; The office was cleaned yesterday.</p><p>‘I -.-</p><p>Compare octive and possive:</p><p>Somebody cleans the office every day. (crctiire)</p><p>{___};</p><p>The office is cleaned every day. (pcissiue)</p><p>Somebody cleaned the office yesterday. (active)</p><p>[_€__iI</p><p>The office was cleaned yesterday. (pcrssive)</p><p>'0</p><p>wasyweré ‘_(:@’ill + invented built '</p><p>" ——l in'ured taken. etc. l1 -</p><p>iciple of regular verbs is -ed (cleanedfinvented,</p><p>etc.).</p><p>For a list of irregular post pcrrticiples (donefbuiititaken. etc.), see Appendixes 2-3.</p><p>l-:3 Butter is made from milk.</p><p>T Dranges are imported into Canada</p><p>.1 How often are these rooms cleaned?</p><p>l I am never invited to arties</p><p>The possrve is past pflmfipye</p><p>flmpye present amflsfaren cleaned done</p><p>simple post</p><p>The post port</p><p>i. .: - - _</p><p>"-I 1 |- p 4 ' I</p><p>ill This house was built 100 years ago.</p><p>L'.- These houses were built ‘IDB years ago.</p><p>Ci When was the telephone invented?</p><p>Ci We weren't invited to the party last week.</p><p>Ci "Was anybody injured in the accident?" “Yes. two people were taken to the hospital.“</p><p>waslwere born</p><p>C‘ I was born in Colombia in 1995. (not lam born)</p><p>El "Where were you born?” "In Cairo."</p><p>pessiire + by</p><p>II? The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 13??-5.</p><p>(= Alexander Graham Bell invented it)</p><p>I was bitten by a dog a few days ago.</p><p>iii" Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine.</p><p>is being done f has been done -I Unit 21 irregular verbs -Ir Unit 13. App-en-diites 2-3 by -It Unit I09</p><p>active and passive ‘l Appendix 1</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions.</p><p>Sentences 1-? are present.</p><p>1 (the orrice I clo:-in I every day)</p><p>if</p><p>-P‘-Ur-il .---...-'-H.</p><p>5 (</p><p>how often I these rooms I clean?)</p><p>glass I make I from sand) Glass</p><p>the windows I wash I every two weeks)</p><p>this word I not I use I very often) .</p><p>6 (we I allow I to park here?)</p><p>Ir‘ (how I this word I pronounce?)</p><p>Sentences B-15 are past.</p><p>B (the office I clean I yesterday) ......Ihe..offi.oe..w.ae-e.Iea.ned.yeetetde_y..-..-..-..-.</p><p>9i</p><p>io{</p><p>'|'l (</p><p>iz(</p><p>'l3(</p><p>14</p><p>15</p><p>J-I—I-‘id-I—I-‘I</p><p>the house I paint I last month) The house</p><p>my phone I steal I a few days ago)</p><p>three people I injure)’ in the accident) .</p><p>when I this bridge I build?)</p><p>I I not I wake up I by the noise)</p><p>lTClWI these windows I break?)</p><p>you I invite I to Jon's party last week?)</p><p>These sentences are not correct. Correct them.</p><p>‘I This house built "IUD years ago. ...</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>Er</p><p>T</p><p>B</p><p>Soccer plays in most countries of the world.</p><p>Why did the email send to the wrong address?</p><p>A movie studio is a place where movies make.</p><p>Where are you born?</p><p>How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?</p><p>Somebody broke into our house. but nothing stolen.</p><p>When was invented the bicycle?</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use the possive (present or past) of these verbs:</p><p>‘Ir i</p><p>[H-eleai=i- damage find give invite make make show steal -takeg</p><p>1 The room every day.</p><p>I-3|</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>?iv</p><p>8..</p><p>9</p><p>saw an accident yesterday. Two people to the hp5pii;;||_</p><p>Paperfi'om wood.</p><p>There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms</p><p>"Where did you get this picture?" "It to me by a friend of mine."</p><p>Many British programs on American Ty’.</p><p>Did Jim ancl Sue go to the wedding?“ “No. They I but they didn’; Eu</p><p>How old is this movie?" “It in 'l9B5."</p><p>My car last week. but the next day it by</p><p>the police.</p><p>Where were they born?</p><p>ii</p><p>El</p><p>3i</p><p>iii</p><p>'5-I</p><p>Haruka I Tokyo)</p><p>lsabela I Sao Paulo) lsabela</p><p>her parentsrl Rio de Ianeiro) Her</p><p>you I ???) I</p><p>your mother I ???)</p><p>isIare being. . . (present continuous passive)</p><p>r__._‘] . I.’</p><p>'-._--'</p><p>“I-</p><p>Somebodyis painting the door. (active)</p><p>i-i—€‘——'</p><p>The door is being painted (passive)</p><p>My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it)</p><p>='II= Some new houses are being built across from the park. (= somebody is building them)</p><p>Compare the present continuous passive and simple present passive:</p><p>-If The office is being cleaned right now. (present continuous passive)</p><p>The office is cleaned every day. (simple present passive)</p><p>i_._'i Football games are usually played on weekends. but no big games are being played</p><p>next weekend.</p><p>For the present continuous and simple present. see Units B and 24.</p><p>haslhave been . .. (present perfect passive)</p><p>before now</p><p>F</p><p>iifi</p><p>Somebody has painted the door . (active)</p><p>rmiiil</p><p>The door has been painted. (passive)</p><p>[Ii My key has been stolen. (= somebody has stolen it)</p><p>CI My keys have been stolen. (= somebody has stolen them)</p><p>fl I'm not going to the party. I haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me)</p><p>Ci Has this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?)</p><p>Compare the present perfect passive and simple past passive:</p><p>The room isn't dirty anymore. it has been cleaned. (present perfect passive)</p><p>The room was cleaned yesterday. (simple past passive)</p><p>CI I can't find my keys. I think they've been stolen. (present perfect passive)</p><p>My keys were stolen last week. (simple past passive)</p><p>l_I|</p><p>lI</p><p>‘I'-</p><p>For the present perfect and simple past, see Unit 19.</p><p>is done I was done -Ir Unit 10 active and passive -Ir Appendix 1</p><p>Exercises</p><p>What's happening?</p><p>-.-W.5, "</p><p>.l'I' "". ___...--II I _ : _</p><p>er ‘~ .. ‘ I! "</p><p>1 ""1" i i llll' rr ' "inf"ll.-E H 1 I l1i1"|_-k-l1}:';!il|| 1'1! 1 i‘: ‘ally</p><p>-- ..-. _. ._.,.,__ | _ ___</p><p>F'11</p><p>I</p><p>-'1</p><p>1 The car...-.ie.lraina..taaai.ted...... 3 The windows</p><p>2 4 Thegrass............</p><p>Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous</p><p>(isIare being . . .) or the present perfect (hasIhave been . . .).</p><p>if =1.</p><p>I-$-</p><p>Ii.-</p><p>:—'</p><p>or _-</p><p>? {the office I clean) .</p><p>2 (the shirts I iron) ......Iha..ehiitta..Iiaxo.haan..irane.d................</p><p>3 (the vvindowI break) The window</p><p>ti (the roof)‘ repair) The roof</p><p>5 (the caridamage)</p><p>B (the housesI tearI down)</p><p>7' (the trees I cut I down) ..</p><p>B (they I invite I to a party) . .-</p><p>Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 10 before you do this exercise.)</p><p>I I can't use my office right now. It .. ...iB.l?ii‘?itIt;l..j?rii.i.n.12t'rsil..-... (paint).</p><p>2 We didn't go to the party. We (nouirivite).</p><p>3 The washing machine was broken, but it's GIK now. lt.... .. . (repair)</p><p>I-I The washing machine (repair) yesterday afternoon.</p><p>S A factory is a place where things .. . .. .. (make).</p><p>B How old are these houses? .. (theyIbuild)?</p><p>F n: (the photocopierI use) right now?</p><p>ti: No- You can use it.</p><p>B l've never seen these flowers before. What . (theyicall)?</p><p>9 My sunglasses (steal) at the beach yesterday.</p><p>TB The bridge is closed. (damage) last week. and</p><p>it . . (notIrepair) yet-</p><p>-I Additional exercises 24-1? (pages 2-i9-25ti)</p><p>be (= amfisfanefwasfwere) + -ing lcleaningfworldng etc.)</p><p>amfisiare + -ing !.I.i Please be quiet I'm working.</p><p>[present continuous) ' [J It isn't raining right now.</p><p>_} Units 3_4 and 24 =I_j"jr What are you doing tonight?</p><p>l Zr-I i.r—</p><p>wasiwere + -ing i_;r I was working when she arrived.</p><p>(past continuous) II1_'_'.= It wasn’t raining. so we didn't need an umbrella.</p><p>_} Unit 13 ‘ ifji What were you doing at 3:00?</p><p>-1- I-I</p><p>be + past participle (cleanedimadeieaten, etc.)</p><p>I amfisiare + past participle Q I'm never invited to parties.</p><p>(simple present passive) Cl Butter is made from milk</p><p>F} Unit 25 | [J These offices aren't cleaned every day.</p><p>I waslwere + past participle i_";-= The office was cleaned yesterday.</p><p>(simple past passive) U These houses were built IDD years ago.</p><p>. Ci How was the window broken?</p><p>._.—:.L.Y.imt EU . l [J Where were you born?</p><p>haveihas + past participle (cleanedilostieatenibeen. etc.)</p><p>haveihas -it past participle =1 J I've lived in this house for ‘ID years.</p><p>[present perfect} ff} Tom has never ridden a horse.</p><p>"'3 Kate hasn’t been to South America.—-r U ‘t 16-1119 ": . _ ,</p><p>~- m 5 - t_.I What countries have you visrted?</p><p>dotdoesidid + boseforrn (cleanflikefeatigo. etc.)</p><p>dofdoes + baseform Ki I like coFfee, but I don't like tea.</p><p>(simple present negative CI Chris doesn’: go out very often.</p><p>and questions) What do you usually do on weekends?</p><p>. A Units 5;, C" Does Gabriela live alone?</p><p>did + baseform iI_ji I didn't watch T‘v' yesterday.</p><p>(simple past negative and 'IT._'.i It didn't rain last weelc</p><p>questions} ill What time did Eric and Nicole go out?</p><p>‘-1 Llnitll I</p><p>irregular verbs -I Unit 23, Appendixes I-3</p><p>21.1 Write is!are or dordoes</p><p>.I2a.-..-. you work at night? 5 . .. the sun shining?</p><p>Where they going? I? What time . . ., the stores close?</p><p>Why you looking at me? E -. ............... Maria working today?</p><p>Bill live near you? '3 What this word mean?</p><p>you like to cook? 10 you feeling all</p><p>right?</p><p>irLanguage-oorn</p><p>Q</p><p>l-..il'I-R'-L-I--'Il"-.i|'_t</p><p>Write arn nol:fisn'tfaren't or don’ti‘doesn't. All these sentences are negative.</p><p>1 Tom . work at night.</p><p>2 Fm very tired. I want to go out tonight.</p><p>3 I'm very tired. ...............going out tonight.</p><p>*4 josh working this week. He's on vacation.</p><p>5 My parents are usually at home. Theygo out very often.</p><p>5 Nicole has traveled a lot, but she speak any foreign languages.</p><p>7' You can tum off the television. I.. watching it.</p><p>E Lia has invited us to her party neat week, but we going.</p><p>Write wasrwererdidfhavefhas</p><p>1 Where your shoes made? 5</p><p>2 you go out last night? 7'</p><p>3 What . you doing at 10:30? 3</p><p>4 Where your mother born? 9</p><p>5 Anna go home? 10</p><p>What time she leave?</p><p>When these houses built?</p><p>Mike arrived yet?</p><p>Why .. you go home early?</p><p>How long they been married?</p><p>Write isfareiwasiwereihaveihas.</p><p>1 Joe lost his passport.</p><p>2 This bridge ................................... -. built 10 years ago.</p><p>3 you finished your work yet?</p><p>This town is always clean. Thestreetscleaned every clay.</p><p>hereyou born?</p><p>just made some coffee. Would you like some?</p><p>ass... made from sand.</p><p>This is a very old photograph. Ittaken a long time ago,</p><p>9 David .. bought a new car.</p><p>III"-.I£3"'iI-.f‘l-31'-»</p><p>Q75</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the borr and put the verb into the correct form.</p><p>[damage -Fii-I=l— enjoy -go- pronounce eat I</p><p>t listen use open go understand J</p><p>1 I’m going to take an umbrella with me. It's .... ..t?t1IiITIl.I.1Q. .</p><p>2 Why are you so tired? Did you .... to bed late last night?</p><p>3 Where are the chocolates? Have you allof them?</p><p>4 How is your new job? Areyouit?</p><p>5 My car was badly in the accident, but I was Girl.</p><p>6 Chris has a car. but he doesn't ii: very often,</p><p>F Mary isn't at home. She has away for a few days.</p><p>B I don't . the problem. Can you explain it again?</p><p>3 Tony is in his room. music.</p><p>10 I don’t know how to say this word. How is it .. .</p><p>‘I1 How do you ................................... -. this window? Can you show me?</p><p>Regular verbs</p><p>The simple past and past participle of regular verbs is -eat</p><p>clean —:i~ cleaned live —:i lived paint -1 painted study -4- studied</p><p>Simple past [—:r Unit 11)</p><p>'I'"_'..I I cleaned my room yesterday.</p><p>fl Nick soudied engineering in college.</p><p>Past participle</p><p>have!has + past participle {present perfect —r Units 16-1 1?, 19]:</p><p>[:1 I have lived here for 10 years.</p><p>F] The city has changed a lot.</p><p>be {islarelwerelhas been. etc.) + past participle (passive —r Units 22-23):</p><p>if.TI= ‘These rooms are cleaned every clay.</p><p>ITII My car was damaged in the accident.</p><p>Irregular verbs</p><p>The simple past and past participle of irregular verbs do not end in -ect</p><p>| _ |.</p><p>l make break cut :</p><p>simple past made broke cut</p><p>past participle made broken HEi-r</p><p>Sometimes the simple past and past participle are the same. For example:</p><p>make firid buy citt</p><p>5lmplE_p,H5t made found bought cutpast participle I -. .</p><p>E] I made a cake yesterday. (simple past)</p><p>III] I have made some coffee. (past participle - present perfect)</p><p>1] Butter is made from milk. (past participle - present passive)</p><p>Sometimes the simple past and past participle are different. For e:-tample:</p><p>break know begin go</p><p>simple past i broke knew began went</p><p>past participle broken known begun gone</p><p>|_ II | I -I'I*-I-r-</p><p>Ci Somebody broke this window last night. (simple past)</p><p>[J Somebody has broken this window. {past participle — present perfect)</p><p>Ci This window was broken last night. (past participle — past passive)</p><p>irregular verbs -I App-enditres 1-3 5i3E'llll"lE lTEE.'-lief I-"E-’l'l35l '|' +\PP'Bfl¢|iI 5</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write the simple past ,1’ past participle of these verbs. (The simple past and past participle are t</p><p>same for all the verbs in this exercise.)</p><p>1 make 6 enjoy . 11 hear</p><p>2 cut F buy . 12 put</p><p>3 say 8 sit 13 catch</p><p>4 bring 9 leave . 14 watch</p><p>5 pay 10 happen 15 understand</p><p>@ Write the simple past and past participle of these verbs.</p><p>1 break B come ..</p><p>2 begin . .. 9 know ..</p><p>3 eat . 10 take .</p><p>4 drink 11 go</p><p>5 drive 12 give .</p><p>6 speak 13 throw</p><p>F’ write ‘I4 get .</p><p>@ Put the verb in the right form.</p><p>1 Imy hands because they were dirty. (wash)</p><p>1? Somebody has.......l;E-‘.1."r;T.-'.|~'.1.et1 this window. (break)</p><p>3 lfeel good. really well last night. (sleep)</p><p>4 We .. a really good movie yesterday. {see}</p><p>5 It a lot while we were on vacation. (rain)</p><p>ti my bag. Have (lose if see}</p><p>F Laura’s bike was last week. (steal)</p><p>8Ito bed early because I was tired. (go)</p><p>9 Have you your work yet? {finish}</p><p>10 The shopping mall was .. .. .. about 20 years ago. (build)</p><p>11 Anna , to drive when she was 16. (learn)</p><p>12 l’venever horse. (ride)</p><p>13 Julia is a good friend of mine. I've . her for a long time- (know)</p><p>14 Yesterday I . and .. .. my leg. (fall I hurt)</p><p>15 My brother . in the Boston Marathon last year. Have you ever</p><p>in a marathon? (run I run]</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form.</p><p>' cost drhre fly -make rneeti sell if</p><p>Lspeak swim tell think wake up win l</p><p>1 I have ...rn.arle.. some coffee. Would you like some?</p><p>2 Have you . .. . lohn about your new job yet?</p><p>3 We played basketball on Sunday. We didn't play very well, but we the game.</p><p>4 I know josh, but I've never his wife.</p><p>5 We were by loucl music in the middle ofthe night.</p><p>5 Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side.</p><p>Tr‘ "Did you like the movie?" "Yes, I . it was very good."</p><p>E Many different languages are in the Philippines.</p><p>9 Our vacation a lot of money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.</p><p>10 Have you ever .. . a very fast car?</p><p>11 All the tickets for the concert were ,, .. very quickly</p><p>12 A bird in through the open window while we were having our dinner.</p><p>--- _ _ - - today is Sunday</p><p>‘lit‘rained</p><p>TEE</p><p>, #-</p><p>l I'm playing tonnie tomorrow. J</p><p>They are playing tennis [now]. He is playing tennis tomorrow.</p><p>We use amlislare + -ing (present continuous) for something happening now:</p><p>[.1 "Where are Sue and Amanda?" “They're playing tennis in the park."</p><p>if] Please be quiet. I’m working</p><p>We also use amlislare + -ing for thefuture {tomorrow l next week, etc.):</p><p>[:1 Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow.</p><p>Ci I'm not working next week.</p><p>I am doing something tomorrow = I have arranged to do it; I have a plan to do it:</p><p>if ff Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday.</p><p>(= she has an appointment with the dentist}</p><p>l___1 We’re having a party next weekend.</p><p>l'_'_"i Are you meeting your friends tonight?</p><p>[II What are you doing tomorrow night?</p><p>[Li I'm not going out tonight. I'm staying home.</p><p>You can also say “I’m going to do something" (-1 Unit 25).</p><p>Sirat</p><p>to do:</p><p>Ci I’m staying home tomorrow. {not I stay}</p><p>D Are you going out tonight? (not Do you go)</p><p>[:1 Lisa isn't coming to the party next week. (not Lisa doesn't come]</p><p>I’m going to a</p><p>concert tomorrow.</p><p>But we use the simple present (start. arrives. etc.) for schedules. programs, trains. buses. etc.:</p><p>D C‘-*ur plane arrives in New York at 3:30 tomorrow morning.</p><p>{:1 What time does the movie end tonight?</p><p>Compare:</p><p>Present continuous {usually for people) Simple present {for schedules)</p><p>l'_'fi I'm going to a concert tomorrow. |;_i The concert starts at T130.</p><p>[J What time are you leaving? 1 [J What time does your plane leave?</p><p>present continuous -Ir Units 3-4 simple present -I Units 5-T I'mgoing to . . . -I Unit 25</p><p>We use the present continuous (I'm staying l are you coming. etc.) to say what somebody has arranged</p><p>E irLanguage.corri</p><p>Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday?</p><p>l</p><p>‘-</p><p>'5. '1-</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>flfrff-4)’ FI'ItiEl]'</p><p>Fatty</p><p>ntvoeew DAN 1 xncntt _ icneeiv [sue nrvo Torn _____,.'i</p><p>o.nd.rarr i.e.aIe.v.ina .1;anni.e.an..f.tidax.-.....</p><p>Dan to the movies-</p><p>Rachel .-</p><p>. . lunch with Will.</p><p>Write questions. All the sentences are future.</p><p>i..I"'l-rl1'\=i.-'-I'l“'-.J—l-</p><p>(you l go l out l tonight?) nre.:va.v.aa.i.na.eut..aa.nieht?</p><p>(you l work l next week?) . .. .. .. .</p><p>what I you {do I tomorrow night?) . .</p><p>hat time l your friends I come?)</p><p>hen l Lit l go ton vacation?) .. . . . .'§s""€""</p><p>Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days?</p><p>"l</p><p>2</p><p>Ci"i'-.-"'1-l'-'-“-I-.r-J</p><p>.</p><p>..l'rri -aait1.a.1a= aha. .1;h.aater. a.ti...tvla.nel.ay-. .. .. .................................................. ..</p><p>Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving etc-) or simple present (the train leaves. etc-).</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>Tr‘</p><p>3</p><p>9</p><p>'ll.'l</p><p>"....-.<l‘i'\i.tfo.;ii:i.‘li.~.I..i_'g1i'-I-"-iI.’.1.i_'1,i.... (youlgoj out tonight?“ “hlo. I'm too tired."</p><p>-.....ln’o.'.to..do.ino...... (welgo) to a concert tonight. (itlst-art] at 130.</p><p>Listen to this! . -. .. (Karenlget) married next month!</p><p>A-' My parents __ . . (go) on vacation next week.</p><p>a: Dh, that's nice- Where . . _ . (theylgo)?</p><p>Ana is taking an English course this semester. The course--.....-....... .. . .</p><p>(end) on Friday-</p><p>There's a party tomorrow night, but -- -- . ._ __ __ . .. .. . .. .. .. (llnotlgol</p><p>. .. out with some friends tonight. Why don't you come,</p><p>too? . -. (welmeet) atlohn's house at 8:00-</p><p>A.‘ How.-.---..-.-.. (youlget)home after the party tomorrow? Eiy taxi?</p><p>ti: No. I can go by bus. The last bus .. .. . -. (leave) at midnight.</p><p>A: Do you want to go to the movies tonight?</p><p>ti: Yes. what time .. .. .. (the movielbegin)?</p><p>n; What . .. . (youldoi tomorrow afternoon?</p><p>B: (I,lworl<}-</p><p>irLanguage.oom</p><p>I'm going to do something</p><p>l’n1 going to watch Tl-" tonight. i _ C</p><p>(gt?</p><p>if :-</p><p>g</p><p>morning tonight</p><p>She is going to watch Ty’ tonight-</p><p>We use amlislare going to. - . for thefuture:</p><p>- - |.l.II | Ir |</p><p>C I lam l do... C</p><p>helsherit is 5 (notlgoingto ‘drink-..</p><p>welyoulthey are ' watch . - .</p><p>--‘mi ---- '- ." I</p><p>i1___ —-- Z. I '- | I-III</p><p>I</p><p>am l ’ buy...? l</p><p>is helshelit going to eat...?</p><p>late wey'yo_uithey = ___ ____; wear--.?__l</p><p>I ant going to do something = I have decided to do it; my intention is to do it:</p><p>I decided to do it i——-"ml" I'm going to do it7</p><p>past now future</p><p>If I'm going to buy some books tomorrow-</p><p>'- Sarah is going to sell her car.</p><p>C? I'm not goingto have breakfast this moming. I'm not hungry-</p><p>-If-" What are you going to wear to the wedding next week?</p><p>I"'II- “Your hands are dirty." "Yes. I know. I'm going to wash them."</p><p>if Are you going to invite Matt to your party?</p><p>We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future. usually for arrangements (—-it Unit 24):</p><p>I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow.</p><p>Something is going to happen ---_</p><p>Something is going to happen = we can see now</p><p>that it is sure to happen:</p><p>C: Look at the sky! It's going to rain-</p><p>(black clouds now -1» rain)</p><p>I1'_i_'-I Uh. no! It's aaa. and I'm not ready.</p><p>I'm going to be late.</p><p>(9:00 now and not ready —> late) l</p><p>present for the future -Ir Unit 14 will -I Unit IE</p><p>Exercises</p><p>What are these people saying?</p><p>= --":7 -</p><p>l</p><p>H-‘,1-'--'1 l-.=::*E‘-'5.-. -</p><p>..........i.m.sc.I.na.t'a;i..........</p><p>watch TV.</p><p>'3 l-'f|_)-*Ine-W</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs:</p><p>O</p><p>‘V1</p><p>.-..1.Yff]Il.'ff.iIfII-I.i1]] YI'II§IIIIII '</p><p>_-\-</p><p>do eat give __ lie ciown stay walk —waei=|— watch</p><p>1 My hands are dirty. .......l.i!Tt1..~:-3§!i.t1.-§_l..i?!i;?.?r1~£-3'21s€=.l1...... them.</p><p>2 What .. ...£=-?l.=T?fi..1vfs?iLl.3€i?i.i1§_l..l?r€?..ifif€?r§=llT. to the party tonight?</p><p>3 It's a nice day. lclon't want to take the bus.I -.._......... |.</p><p>4 Ryan is going to San Diego neat week.He with some Friencls.</p><p>5 l'rn hungry. ...........this sanclwich.</p><p>6 it's Megan's birthclay neat week. her a present.</p><p>T Sue says shes Feeling very tired. She for an hour.</p><p>S The president's speech is on TV tonight. you</p><p>9 What Rachel when she finishes school?</p><p>Look at the pictures. What is going to happen?</p><p>4-“ 1"‘ qq-'_"'_"___,-" M1</p><p>‘--- “ ‘ an -1- - ._ ..6 .1-3'? _ ._.____-. _ _ r__</p><p>.=..c~' ' -- .. .. 1’</p><p>1</p><p>2 The</p><p>3 The car............</p><p>4 He</p><p>What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences.</p><p>i‘-'5 6.’;-_'__T-I_-|‘;l3,;|l ___ _ _________</p><p>I.-, - s.-urai-i r:I -F .- l_. - Sarah goes to work every day. She is always there</p><p>"‘ r-.-</p><p>1-</p><p>From 8:30 until 4:30.</p><p>It is 11:00 now. Sarah is at work.</p><p>At 11:EiEI yesterday. she was at work.</p><p>At 11:III[i tomorrow. she will be at work.</p><p>will + baseforrn (will be I will win I will come. etc):</p><p>Ifwefyoufthey wllllllli _ , Ifwejyoufthey hm</p><p>hefshefit</p><p>" l hg l l: l ‘J l</p><p>will njot eat 1 will hefshem eat?</p><p>{won t} come. etc. l I .' come? etc-</p><p>Li____</p><p>'ll = will: I'll (I will) r‘ you'll I she'll, etc.</p><p>won't = will not: I won't (= I will not) I you won't if she won't, etc.</p><p>We use will for thefuture (tomorrow I neat week, etc):</p><p>Ill: Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Los Angeles. Tomorrow she'll be in Mexico City. Heat week</p><p>she'll be in New York.</p><p>fl] Leave the old bread in the yard. The birds will eat it.</p><p>"-11 We'll probably go out tonight.</p><p>i_'__i I don't think it will rain this afternoon.</p><p>Will you be home tomorrow morning?</p><p>i'..T1- I won't be here tomorrow. {= I will not be here)</p><p>5.]-I Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep well.</p><p>I "I ll call you tomorrow UK?" OK bye</p><p>Ll) I can't decide what to have for dinner. I know!</p><p>I'll make spaghetti. *2</p><p>We often say l think I'll . . . I I don't think I'll . . . when we decide</p><p>to do something:</p><p>5:} It's a nice day. I think I'll sit outside.</p><p>[II It's raining. I don't think I'll go out.</p><p>You can use I'll . . - (I will} when you offer something or decide I.“ Ea"? it far WU</p><p>to do some-thing</p><p>if Ii "My suitcase is heavy." "|'ll carry it for you." My suitcase is heavy.</p><p>:. 1 I L ll‘ i ‘J! - . _</p><p>Do not use the simple present (I go I I call, etc.) in sentences like these:</p><p>CI I'll call you tomorrow, GK? (not I call you)</p><p>ii I think I'll go to bed early. (riot I go to bed}</p><p>We do not use will for things we decided before (—5i Units 24-25}:</p><p>il J We're going to the movies on Saturday. [Jo you want to come with us? [riot we will go)</p><p>(:1 I don't want my car anymore. I'm going to sell it. (not I'll sell)</p><p>1.] Are you doing anything tomorrow night? (riot do you do)</p><p>What are you tloing tomorrow! -Ii Unit 24 I'm going to - - . -I Unit 15</p><p>Exercises</p><p>16 1 Hannah is traveling in South America Complete the</p><p>sentences with she was, she s or she'll be</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>c€</p><p>['lit|ir|i:i|:I.'I|rI|_</p><p>Iilsifilrflll</p><p>'</p><p>l‘l%IIlI_|I</p><p>Yesterday 5“? W35 in Rio de ianeiro</p><p>Tomorrow in Bogota</p><p>Last week in Santiago</p><p>Heat week in Caracas</p><p>Right now in Lima HANNAH</p><p>Three days ago in Buenos Aires gs...iiI-" At the end of her trip very tired</p><p>{Ire</p><p>Complete the sentences with ‘ll (will) or won It</p><p>'I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>Don t drink coffee before you go to bed You W"? sieep well</p><p>Are you ready yet?" Not yet I be ready in five minutes</p><p>‘r'ou don t need to take an umbrella It rain</p><p>Its a good movie I think you like it</p><p>I m sorry I was late this morning It happen again</p><p>Its Eiens birthday neitt Monday He be 25</p><p>Complete the sentences Lise I ll (l will] + these verbs</p><p>d eat have show stayfl</p><p>"--.lI.'_'I"'-i'l-.-l"1-I5-'l.i--ii"-.1'—'I</p><p>My suitcase is very heavy Hi 53"’?! it for you</p><p>Did you call Jen? Dh no, I forgot it now</p><p>What would you like to drink‘? some tea. please</p><p>Do you want a chair? No its OK on the floor</p><p>I don t want this banana Well I m hungry</p><p>Are you coming with me? Ho I dont think so ere</p><p>How do you use this camera?’ Give it to me. and ou</p><p>Complete the sentences Uselthink I'll orldon't th|nltlll.. +these verbs</p><p>libuy buy is-_ have layll</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>ii</p><p>5</p><p>|[ 5 Egld [gdgy l .'.'Il=I'Jl"l 'l'§ 'lI-l"lll"ilk I'll Q.-O out</p><p>I m hungry I something to eat</p><p>I feel very tired [Ennis</p><p>i like this hat</p><p>This camera is too eitpensive</p><p>Which is right? (If necessary, study Units 24-25 before you do this eitercise)</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>T</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>-Ii ilitltliri:ional eiteitises 18-31 {pages 251]-253]</p><p>-jgogfl; if Ill ggll you tomorrow DIG’ {I ll call is right)</p><p>I haven t done the shopping yet I oo if I ll do it later</p><p>I like sports I wgrglg 5 | |i ygggglji a lot of sports on T‘v'</p><p>I think your aunt will li_E_I'iC,l,_il is lending us some money Shes very rich</p><p>Why are you putting on your coat? Will yoo go oonj A g yoo go gig oii;</p><p>I don t know where I gm if I ll ho two years from now</p><p>Gerry is going to boy if w II boy a new car He told me last week</p><p>Do you think Emily oagosi is oossing i will oass the driving test?</p><p>A Do you have any plans for tonight?</p><p>ti Yes I mee;_,i' I</p><p>m mgeging if Ili mgg; some friends</p><p>Where are you going</p><p>for your vaoat-Ion?</p><p>ii; might. rain.</p><p>lm not sure</p><p>I might go to Costa Rica. __</p><p>He might go to Costa Rica. It might rain.</p><p>[= it is possible that he will go to Costa Rica] I: it is possible that it will rain)</p><p>might + boseform (might go I might be I might rain, etc.):</p><p>be l</p><p>ilfwefyouiithey I . go 5</p><p>heisheiit immhtlnfitl play</p><p>i come. etc.</p><p>I might = it is possible that I will:</p><p>(:1: I might go to the movies tonight. but I'm not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)</p><p>Til; A: When is Rebecca going to call you?</p><p>a: I don't know. She might call this afternoon.</p><p>='j.'_fi Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.</p><p>ijji Buy a lottery ticket You might be lucky. (= maybe you will be lucky)</p><p>ifj: iii; Are you going out tonight?</p><p>ti: lmiglit. [= I might go out}</p><p>Study the difference</p><p>If] I'm playing tennis tomorrow. (sure)</p><p>I might play tennis tomonow: (possible)</p><p>'.':_I- Rebecca is going to call later. (sure)</p><p>Rebecca might call later. (possible)</p><p>I might not = it is possible that I will not:</p><p>-F</p><p>'._i I rriiglii: not go to work tomorrow.</p><p>{= it is possible that I will not go)</p><p>‘I. Sue might not oome to the party.</p><p>[= it is possible that she will not come)</p><p>mill</p><p>You can use may in the same way. I may = I might:</p><p>-Tf_','. I may go to the movies tonight. {= I might go)</p><p>f_ Sue may not oon-ie to the party: (= Sue might not come)</p><p>Mayl...‘l‘ =lsitDI<Ito...?,lCanI...it</p><p>"'.__: May I ask a question? (= is it OK to ask .-‘ can I ask?)</p><p>i'_'_";= “May I sit here?“ "Sure."</p><p>will “Ii Unit 15 can -I Unit as</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences with might.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>Write sentences with might not.</p><p>Ei {it's possible that Tony will not be here neitt week)</p><p>7’ [it's possible that I won't have time to go out)</p><p>fish —ltal»y- Monday __ __e car a trip a taxi ll</p><p>U"il~.i|"l-l!-l.r-ll*--.l—1</p><p>I ---—I-III1 I '</p><p>(it's possible that I'll go to the movies]</p><p>(it's possible that I'll see you tomorrow)</p><p>{it's possible that Sarah will forget to call)</p><p>[its possible that it will snow today)</p><p>(it's possible that I'll be late tonight)</p><p>I II I ..-.. I _I.--All-II-IJII-I-----------I--------------------------</p><p>.........I... -.--.-</p><p>----.. .---.----.-.-.--- ..-.... .. ...‘.-|-.. . .| |- ..|. |..|"|. | .--||||.__l_|d___|__|</p><p>Where are you going for your vacation? I'm not sure.</p><p>What are you doing this weekend? I don't know I.. ..</p><p>When will you see lcate again? I'm not sure.</p><p>What are you going to have for dinner? I don't know</p><p>How are you going to get home tonight? I'm not sure.</p><p>I hear you won some money. What are I haven't decided yet.</p><p>you going to do with it?</p><p>he is not sure.</p><p>ciill-*\-..ii:hi.,.i1.I:i~.i..i.ii*-.l—l</p><p>Are you playing tennis tomorrow? Yes. in the afternoon.</p><p>Are you going out tomorrow evening? Possibly.</p><p>Are you going to get up early? Maybe. I</p><p>Are you working tomorrow? hlo, I'm not.</p><p>Will you be at home tomorrow morning? Maybe.</p><p>Are you going to watch T‘v’? I might.</p><p>Are you going out in the afternoon? Yes, I am.</p><p>Are you going shopping? Maybe. I'm not sure.</p><p>Now write about Ben. Use might where necessary.</p><p>I</p><p>U5-I‘--l'l'.'.l"'il-I“!-.l':-.Lil-ll"--Pr</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>IT“</p><p>Write three things that you might do tomorrow.</p><p>-I " I " I-' I-I " I-I I-I I-I I-I I. I.IrI ‘I 'rI I. I I-I -I III Ill I. I II I-- .-. -. . .. . .. .-. .. . .. .-. .-. .-. .-</p><p>Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas. but you are not sure. Choose</p><p>from the list and write sentences withl might.</p><p>You ask Ben questions about his plans for tomorrow. Sometimes he is sure. but usually</p><p>BEN</p><p>o</p><p>Iilwelyoulthey can p ay llwelyoultliey</p><p>helsheiit can't (cannot) I see = -</p><p>' . ' I I .'. ' I</p><p>__ii</p><p>F h rrst( esterda i’ last week, etc.), we use couldic.ouidn'l:</p><p>I. I ,</p><p>Ll ' ' ' .</p><p>can and could</p><p>l 53" Fla? 17"“? Could you open</p><p>Ple"“'5-'-'- the door. please? .1-</p><p>.'-'~'-.B,._:'i :"‘.,._'_.</p><p>': 5+:---_' is‘</p><p>_'—'I'- Z-L| _'- F I ...</p><p>.fi'-LI. '-</p><p>1- r'5,ii'IS..'§i'Li7</p><p>i our- F4‘ _ :_._ -__ _.J</p><p>|---‘I-I-_|--I-1 ___. I.</p><p>- '--l-Il-- -I-_I- .-I--—-I —.. __._|-._ __...</p><p>I-I*I-ll’-I-Ir II-</p><p>-fl-—I'I --tr I—-- -</p><p>n|f'l\_1'l—I-‘S</p><p>i d</p><p>I-d</p><p>o-"'-'-—F::I</p><p>I =51-III</p><p>:2_. _</p><p>He can play the piano.</p><p>can + boseforrn (can do I’ can play I can come, etc.):</p><p>l do ' = ti ‘I</p><p>I ' play? '</p><p>can heilsheiit ' see?</p><p>come etc , come? etc</p><p>-</p><p>I can do something = I know how to do it, or it is possible for me to do it:</p><p>‘ill I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano, too.</p><p>-ill Sarah can spéak Italian, but she can't spealt Spanish.</p><p>II.'.'l" A.‘ Can you swim?</p><p>ti: Yes, but I'm not a very good swimmer.</p><p>=.':.l A.’ Can you change a twenty-dollar bill?</p><p>a- I'm sorry, I can't</p><p>Ci I'm having a party neitt week, but Eric and Rachel can't come.</p><p>or t E p y y</p><p>_ When I was young, I could run very fast</p><p>_ B fo M me to the United States she couldn't understand much English How shee re aria ca ,</p><p>can understand everything</p><p>if."-I I was tired last night, but I couldn't sleep.</p><p>ill I had a party last week. but Eric and Rachel couldn't oome.</p><p>Canyon ...? Couldyou ...? Canl...? Couldl...?</p><p>We use Can you. . . 1’ or Could you .. .1 when we ask people to do things:</p><p>Can you open the door, please? or Could you open the door, please?</p><p>Li Can you wait a minute, please? or Could you wait ?</p><p>We use Can I have. . .? or Could I have . . . 1 to ask for something:</p><p>i'_'.I= Can I have a glass of water: please? or Could I have .. .?</p><p>Can I: .? or Could I T= is it Cllii to do something?:</p><p>Ll Can I sit here?</p><p>Li Tom, could l borrow your umbrella?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Ask Andy if he can do these things:</p><p>i':"i-- . ---.-..' ... .-;._:"': '-.</p><p>' I I .'| II‘ : -I L ._-I ;</p><p>. |r ||'. - H I I I-_-f|.l</p><p>I fir-'-iii J4-Tl-I-l_.!-_'; .h- F : -I‘</p><p>7";-=-i'-r_'r‘,r‘f'-_E-""'°"-—."=‘-'- _ " "</p><p>.'-' ' -_'-' ~'</p><p>HE Ii . _‘_ I: I an -F’-I?" h i -I-</p><p>— .."l-- _-'I'-_..- ' ‘I</p><p>'1-—| I ' "I " I</p><p>."._ f.'.i'L'3-7',‘</p><p>'-T '-_-'.'|-._'' -.___M" ‘I-5'. I' .;</p><p>.-'.E=i-§"""_‘.-.--=.-:"."- ="</p><p>.*</p><p>-I-r</p><p>-I.</p><p>-H“</p><p>"1'-</p><p>YCIU I</p><p>i'.,_,-_</p><p>chi..nisi..i.ii\.i-i</p><p>chess</p><p>ID kilometers</p><p>Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't.</p><p>Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:</p><p>L -some find hear see speak J!</p><p>1 I'm sorry, butweto your party next Saturday</p><p>2 I like this hotel room. You the mountains from the window.</p><p>3 You are speakinggvery quietly. I .. .. . you.</p><p>4 Have you seen my suitcase?I it.</p><p>S Catherine got the job because she .. .. five languages.</p><p>@ Complete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:</p><p>decide eat find go go -slee-p- :I</p><p>1 I was tired, but I .-..-.co.ulsIri.'I;..e.Ieei2...... .</p><p>2 I wasn't hungry yesterday. I .. my dinner.</p><p>3 Kate doesn't know what to do. She .. .. .. . .. .. .</p><p>4 I wanted to speak to Dan yesterday, butI him.</p><p>S Iames to the concert next Saturday. He has to work,</p><p>is Catarina tothe meeting last week. She was sick.</p><p>3..What do you say in these situations? Use can or could.</p><p>(pass l salt)</p><p>fii</p><p>i’ postcards](Ii (opefi r’ door) '</p><p>l</p><p>L—i</p><p>Could. you. .oi2on....</p><p>the door</p><p>i -1-I-M _</p><p>i'ri_'= (turn off I radio} _(_g;oyvI nflrpaper) _ [user pen)</p><p>.-aa --3 F-I</p><p>— -</p><p>ANDY</p><p>-I.</p><p>‘I-</p><p>_____.</p><p>i-.2-l-ail.-vlc.-as-.a"~'I-»*.»i-T</p><p>ii anguage L n</p><p>She must he sick. = I am sure she is sick. It is clear</p><p>that she is sick.</p><p>must + boseform (must be I must know. etc):</p><p>l _ “Ti |</p><p>TU’</p><p>fl</p><p>hefshefit mustmm) I have E</p><p>‘ live. etc. ’:</p><p>I lfwefyouil they I now |</p><p>~, Ih in i</p><p>We use must when we believe that something is true.</p><p>Its evening, and you haven t eaten anything all day. You must he hungry.</p><p>I My brother has worked at your company for years. You must know him.</p><p>I My friends have the same zip code as you. ‘Ihey must live near you.</p><p>_ (tin the phone] This isntjohn? I m sorry I must have the wrong number.</p><p>We use must not when we believe that something is not true.</p><p>The phone rang eight times, and Megan didn't answer. She must not have her phone with her</p><p>_ Miguel takes the bus everywhere He must not have a car.</p><p>_ The Siivas are always home on Fridays They must not work then.</p><p>Must has another meaning You must do something = it is necessary to do it</p><p>: You must</p><p>eat well if you want to be healthy.</p><p>They re in a dangerous situation They must —'-H"</p><p>bo careful</p><p>1 ‘Workers must wear safety glasses at this machine.</p><p>_ ln the United States. you must be 18 to vote.</p><p>_ You must have a passport to travel outside</p><p>your country</p><p>For the post (yesterday, last week etc J, we use</p><p>had to (not must)</p><p>:1 They were in a dangerous situation</p><p>They had to be careful _ ___ . . .. ...,,;.-1... ___ ._</p><p>(not They must be careful } H _ '““._'_- * '</p><p>i We had to wear safety glasses when —_'q—_'H</p><p>we visited the factory last week</p><p>(not We must wear)</p><p>You must not do something = dont do it</p><p>_ Bicyclists must not ride on the sidewalk. —---</p><p>(= they must ride in the street)</p><p>i_ You must not be late for school again!</p><p>haveto -I Unit</p><p>?§§§</p><p>-|-_\_</p><p>_-iI'_" Iii?</p><p>_ i_-_-I-</p><p>_-4""-I’-I_-r-_</p><p>1i</p><p>-r</p><p>ini</p><p>..-</p><p>Lq</p><p>-in-|</p><p>___: 113*-</p><p>i _-</p><p>J-I _--I-'-‘P-..-.</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use must be + these words or phrases:</p><p>_____ r .l_l _ll I -\_</p><p>I for you good -hungry in the kitchen tired very happy Jl</p><p>-I'-i. . _</p><p>I It's evening, and you haven't eaten anything all day. You .</p><p>2 Mariana worked Io hours today. She</p><p>3 It's the most popular restaurant in town. so the food</p><p>4 “I got the job." “You did? You .. .. “</p><p>5 The phone’s ringing. I know it's not for me. It</p><p>6 My keys aren*t in the living room. so they</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs:</p><p>[iii-iiii< have -|tH0w- like v.-am]</p><p>"I My brother has worked at your company for years. You him.</p><p>2 Jessica wears something blue every day. She the color blue.</p><p>3 The Hills have si:i-i children and three dogs. They .. .. big house.</p><p>4 Mrs. Lee bought three gallons of milk at the store. Her children .. .. .. .. ..</p><p>a lot of milk.</p><p>S l know Mrs Romo has a job. but she’s always home during the day. She</p><p>at night.</p><p>Write must or must not.</p><p>I (on the phone) This isn't john? l .. . have the wrong number.</p><p>2 Miguel takes the]:-us everywhere. Hehave a car.</p><p>3 Brandon is very thin. He eat very much.</p><p>4 I never see my neighbor in the morning He leave for work very early.</p><p>S I always have to repeat things when I talk to Emma. She .. hear very well.</p><p>5 Jim wears the same clothes every day. He have many clothes</p><p>7' You have a cold and a fever? Poor thing! You .. .. . feel awful.</p><p>Write must or must not.</p><p>1 We Forget to send Sam a birthday card.</p><p>2 We wear safety glasses when we visit the factory.</p><p>3 The igiigy .. . do something about the traffic. It's a big problem.</p><p>4 Members of the club .. .. disobey the rules.</p><p>S Keep these papers in a safe place. You .. lose them.</p><p>5 Bicyclists . follow the same traffic rules as drivers.</p><p>T Everyone .. wait in line for their turn.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use must. must not. or had to + these verbs.</p><p>‘-....- . .-."- . .._..g___H</p><p>if-he be feed go know miss take wear J-</p><p>"- - 3-‘-</p><p>‘i In most of the United States. you .. at least ‘I6 to get a driver’s license.</p><p>2 In my last job. all employees..-..-....-.-. both English and Spanish.</p><p>3 People in the front seat of a car . . a seat belt.</p><p>4 Students who want good grades .. class often.</p><p>5 This highway was closed. Drivers a different road.</p><p>6 A tennis player . .. .. very good to play professionally.</p><p>F’ You .. .. the animals In the zoo.</p><p>S There was no food in the house. We . to the supermarket.</p><p>You shouldn't wat-oh TY oo much.</p><p>should + boseforni</p><p>(should do I should watch. etc.]:</p><p>__ _ - _ _ i ---ri|</p><p>'_ Irweryoufthey should z stop ;</p><p>. hersherit _ shouldn't . go</p><p>- _- watch. etc- ;</p><p>You should do something = it is a good thing to do; it is the right thing to do:</p><p>Y Tom doesn't study enough. He should study harder.</p><p>I fl Its a good movie. You should go and see it.</p><p>=T' When you play tennis. you should always watch the ball.</p><p>You shouldn't do something = it is not a good thing to do.</p><p>shouldn't = should not:</p><p>.1 Tom shouldn't go to bed so late.</p><p>You watch Ty’ all the time. You shouldn't watch T”v' so much.</p><p>We often say I think . .. should .. .: _.1 I think Rachel should buy some new clothes.</p><p>_ [= I think it is a good idea.) -</p><p>-j_= It's late. I think I should go home now.</p><p>|don't think should . . .1</p><p>"Q I don't think you should work so hard.</p><p>[= I don't think it is a good idea.)</p><p>Do you think. .. should . . . ‘£1</p><p>Do you think I should buy this hat?</p><p>as</p><p>Should is different from have to.</p><p>LI.‘ I should study tonight. but I think I'll go to the movies.</p><p>Ii‘ I have to study tonight. I can't go to the movies.</p><p>Shouid I I Should we. . . ? = Do you think this is a good idea?</p><p>if It's very warm in this room. Should I open the window?</p><p>If "Should I call you tonight?“ "UK."</p><p>Q" It's a nice day. Should we go for a walk?</p><p>If ‘ What should we have for dinner?</p><p>We sometimes use shall in the same way:</p><p>"Shall I call you tonight?" "Ol<."</p><p>-' ' It's a nice day. Shall we go for a walk?</p><p>must -I Unit I9 have to -I Unit 31</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs: l</p><p>r ' "' ' 1 -i H.</p><p>eat go read visit -\vatoh- wear</p><p>‘I When you play tennis. ..you..o.hould.witIlIir;b.-.-.. the ball.</p><p>2 It's late. and you're very tired. . .. .. .. .. to bed.</p><p>3 plenty offruit and vegetables.</p><p>-4 If you have time. . .. the Science Museum. It's very interesting.</p><p>S When you're driving. a seat belt.</p><p>6 It's a very good book. .. . . it.</p><p>Write about the people in the pictures. Use Heffihe shouldn't . . . so . . . .</p><p>_- -- I'I-I I'I'I-|1l.__--- 1- --1. iii ___ _- I -</p><p>You watoh vat. 5;.-11: ' You work {ti I I You drive 1 mi"</p><p>T‘v' ‘too much. too much. 5 too hard. too fast.</p><p>|-‘M-F</p><p>_</p><p>_Il_:l</p><p>1 ....&he..ehou.ldnf1;..wat;oh..TI?IrT.oo.muoh......-.......-......... 3 hard.</p><p>2 I-le 4</p><p>You are not sure what to do. so you ask a friend. Use Do you think I should . . .1‘</p><p>1 You are in a store. You are trying on a jacket. (buy?)</p><p>You ask your friend: .....-.l.?.o.you..Ish.Ink..l.ehouId..I:i.u,y.thIs.jacket?....</p><p>2 You can't drive. (learn?)</p><p>You ask your friend: Do you think</p><p>3 You don't like your job. [get another job?)</p><p>You ask your friend: .. . . __</p><p>4 You are going to have a party. [invite Ryan?)</p><p>You ask your friend:</p><p>Write sentences with I think . . . should . . . or I don't think . . . should . . .</p><p>1 We have to get up early tomorrow. (go home now) .-..-l-l;hInltirire..:‘i.hould-go..ho.rne.no.w.. ..</p><p>2 That coat is too big foryou- (buy it) .. ..|dont.thInk.you.eho.uId.I:iu;y..It......-..-..-..-..-...................__ .</p><p>3 You don't need yourcar. (sell it}</p><p>4 Amanda needsa change. (take a trip} .. .</p><p>S Nicole and Dan are too young. {get married)</p><p>6 You're still sick. {go to work}-.-</p><p>What does Anne say to Kathy? Find the right answers.</p><p>iotrriv ANNE l"</p><p>-..._-. . _l:.</p><p>— .'J .' - '</p><p>E]"'-I-J‘!-l'h'L-I-'l|"*-7-I -r-rr-ori==:i=-</p><p>-ill--I-.I-|'|"'-l'—I</p><p>It's very warm in this room.</p><p>Should I wait here?</p><p>Should we have a party?</p><p>It's dark in this room.</p><p>Do you have any bread?</p><p>Should we go out?</p><p>If you want. Where should we go?</p><p>Yes. who should we invite?</p><p>No. should I go and get some?</p><p>Should I open the window?</p><p>Should I turn on the light?</p><p>No. come with me. 'G“i.'-I1</p><p>Thie io my medicine I have</p><p>to take it three tirnee a day</p><p>i._i</p><p>Ci</p><p>Ci</p><p>The past (yesterday i’ last week. etc) is had to</p><p>THREE</p><p>TIMES</p><p>1 1-i| J(gill? I have to do something = it is necessary</p><p>for me to do it. I am obliged to do it</p><p>to do</p><p>towork</p><p>| to go</p><p>i'IEf5i’lEflE has tn wamh En; |</p><p>Ifwefyouithey have</p><p>I ll be late for work tomorrow I have to go to the dentist</p><p>Megan starts work at roe so she has to get up at sen</p><p>You have to pass a test before you can get a driver s license</p><p>"I</p><p>lll I was late for work yesterday I had to go to the dentist</p><p>F] We had to walk home last night. There were no buses</p><p>In questions and negatives we use dofdoes (present) and did (past)</p><p>Present</p><p>[do Iiweiyoufthey Ifwefyoufthey don t</p><p>I does</p><p>Post</p><p>I have to have to</p><p>hefshefit hersherit doesn t</p><p>l| are</p><p>-I-l ZHIIII-I I-l|_l</p><p>lfwefyouithey Ifwefyoufthey Ihefshem have to hefshem didn t have to</p><p>._._ ?</p><p>3-_- What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow</p><p>‘\--1: Does Megan have to work on Saturdays?</p><p>if Why did they have to leave the party early?</p><p>I don't have to (do something] = it is not necessary to do it</p><p>"I-_-i I m</p><p>not working tomorrow. so I don t have to get up early</p><p>r""</p><p>I</p><p>'l'i- - Mike doesn t have to work very hard He s got an easy job</p><p>‘H.E We didn t have to wait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.-</p><p>I'I'll.I5'|I</p><p>You can also use must to say it is necessary to do something</p><p>.-—-I</p><p>.-' You must pass a test before you can get a drivei’s license or You have to pass a test</p><p>if‘ In many countnes. men must do military service men have to do.|'</p><p>We use have to more often than must. especially lI"I spoken English</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs:</p><p>{hit read speak take travellmfl-:-eaie</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>-ii</p><p>5</p><p>E-</p><p>My eyes are not very good. I glasses.</p><p>At the end of the course all the students a test.</p><p>Sarah is studying literature. She . . .. . a lot of books.</p><p>Alberto doesn't understand much English. You .. .. very slowly to him</p><p>Kate is not at home much. She .. a lot for her job.</p><p>In tennis you . .. . the ball over the net.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs:</p><p>[answer buy change go take wake -walk— jl</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>IS</p><p>.7</p><p>Wehome last night. There were no buses.</p><p>It's late. I... now. I'll see you tomorrow.</p><p>I went to the store after work yesterday. I .. .. .. .. .. . . some food.</p><p>This train doesn't go all the way downtown. You .. . .. .. at First Avenue</p><p>We took a test yesterday. We . .. .. .. siit questions out of ten.</p><p>I'm going to bed. I.. . .. .. .. .. .. up early tomorrow.</p><p>Amy and her cousin can't go out with us tonight. They . care of</p><p>Amy's little brother.</p><p>Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.</p><p>‘*-.lli"J“'il-.iI"'I-I1‘-l...iii.Iil"-.J—Ii</p><p>I have to get up early tomorrow. What time ...s-ilif-?.Sii;?.l4..I1.tiIi?ie..12o..Qo11.L-it2...... ..</p><p>John had to wait a long time. How long .. .. ?</p><p>iLia has to go somewhere. Where . .............................................................. .. ..</p><p>We had to pay a lot of money. How much .. .. .. .</p><p>I have to do some work. What eitactly .. ..</p><p>They had to leave early. Why _. ?</p><p>lim has to go to Moscow. When .</p><p>Write sentences with don'tfdoesn't.-’didri’t have to . . ..</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>Why are you going out? You ......dnnft..hs.ve 1.?.t.?..§?.-‘.1?</p><p>Why is Sue waiting? She</p><p>Why did you get up early? You</p><p>Why is Ale:-t working so hard? He . .</p><p>Why do you want to leave now? We .</p><p>Why did they tell me somethingl already know? They .. .</p><p>Write some things that you {or your friends or family} have to do or had to do.</p><p>"I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>ti</p><p>S</p><p>6</p><p>(every day) .I h.eire..t-i;i..d.tive..5£l?..rii.iIee.1?o..ive.rl< evei:y..da;y.... .. ..</p><p>{every day) . . . ..</p><p>[yesterday] . .. . ..</p><p>(tomorrow)</p><p>(last week] .</p><p>(when I was younger}</p><p>I-‘</p><p>Would you like. . . ? = Do you want. . .? Wflflld lite" likea pieoe of candy?</p><p>We use Would you like. . . I to offer things:</p><p>iI'f_1i iii: Would you like some coffee?</p><p>tr. hlo. thank you.</p><p>[Ii .-it Would you like a piece of candy?</p><p>e: Yes. please.</p><p>if it: Which would you like. tea or coffee?</p><p>a Tea please ‘fee Pleete</p><p>We use Would you like to I to invite somebody:</p><p>{Iii Would you like to go for a walk?</p><p>[J AI Would you like to oome Ibr dinner on Sunday?</p><p>e: Yes. l'-'d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you]</p><p>'I'_ j: What would you like to do tonight?</p><p>l'i:l like. . . is a polite way to say “I want.“ I'd like = I would like</p><p>ijfi I'm thirsty. Iki like a drink</p><p>{:1 (in tr tourist ofiice) I'd like some information about hotels. please.. . . .d rk h . h-._.. lm feeling tired. I I eto stay ome tonig t</p><p>Would you like . . . I’ and Do you like . . . I</p><p>Wouldyoulike...?fI’dlike... - Doyoulike...?,’|Iike...</p><p>" Would you -</p><p>like Sume cgffea? p Do Wu like coffee?</p><p>5, l</p><p>Would you like l -</p><p>"T-—-=-___“-st. Some flaw? hlo. thank you</p><p>"""" —- Not now</p><p>some coffee? is good?</p><p>:j'__'.~ .i=.: Would you like to go to the movies 5.1- it: Do you like to go to the movies?</p><p>tonight? l [in general}</p><p>(= do you want to go tonight?) ' e: Yes. I go to the movies a lot.</p><p>B: Yes. I'd love to.</p><p>Would you like some coffee? = Do you want \ Do you like coffee? = Do you think coffee</p><p>-Q} I'd like an orange. please. Q I like oranges. {in general)</p><p>i[= can I have an orange?) I</p><p>What would you like to do neitt What do you like to do on weekends?</p><p>weekend?</p><p>like to do and like -ing “ll Unit 511 I would do something if. -- -It Unit 98</p><p>Exercises</p><p>What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like . . . T</p><p>.-"'II.</p><p>I</p><p>__ _ _. _</p><p>What do you ask Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to . . . ?</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>In</p><p>. .. .</p><p>..-..‘??evld.sie.v..l.iI;e.... i i '3'-'</p><p>| -_ __ — — -- --.I.|.Tl.— _\__</p><p>I i ti</p><p>‘Y-e-._ .-"'</p><p>5ll"IihiIlI!l'lli</p><p>-i if</p><p>You want to go to the movies tonight. Perhaps Sue will go with you. (go)</p><p>You ask: ii.-feiild.sreii..Ii.Ii.e.tia.e.e.te the .tee.tiee.-teni.eiii;.?.. . ... .. .. .</p><p>You want to play tennis tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play. too. (play)</p><p>You ask: .. . . . .. .. .</p><p>You have an eittra ticket for a concert neitt week. Perhaps Sue will come- {come}</p><p>You ask: . _.</p><p>You ask:</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>Lil‘!-It‘-'l-.-It-|'l""-J'—"</p><p>6</p><p>F’</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>'lCl</p><p>'l'I</p><p>"I2</p><p>I</p><p>E;</p><p>ll‘</p><p>- ' Z Would you like a piece of candy?" "Yes. thanks." (Would you like is right)</p><p>Do you like 1 Would you like bananas?" "Yes. I love them."</p><p>Do you like 1 Would you like some ice cream?" "No, thank you."</p><p>What do you like [ would you like to drink?" "A glass of water; please."</p><p>"Do you like 1 Would you like to go out for a walk?" "Not now. Maybe Iater."</p><p>I like [ I'd like tomatoes. but I don't eat them very often.</p><p>What time do you like if would you like to have dinner tonight?</p><p>"Do you like [ Would you like something to eat?" "No, thanks. I'm not hungry."</p><p>"Do you like [ Would you like your new job?" "Yes. I'm enjoying it."</p><p>I'm tired. I like 1 I'd like to go to bed now.</p><p>"l like ,5 I'd like a sandwich. please." "Sure. What kind of sandwich?"</p><p>What kind of music do you like I would you like?" "AlI kinds."</p><p>-J.‘</p><p>It's raining and Sue is going out. She doesn't have an umbrella. but you have one. (borrow)</p><p>Would you Iii:</p><p>l"-t-.."_.- ' ".er-~": .-"l".-_"-in</p><p>e</p><p>to elt here?</p><p>_ _ . I.-I ‘h</p><p>-_'i.-._.l' ‘ ‘i_-I‘;-I</p><p>H ‘I:;l'init.l’islatl'll</p><p>.11‘</p><p>—-.-</p><p>o. a e r er</p><p>eltonthefloor Anna likes to sit on the floor. She doesn't</p><p>want to sit on a chair. So she says:</p><p>I'd rather sit on the floor. (= I would</p><p>prefer to sit on the floor.)</p><p>I'd rather... = I would rather...</p><p>I would rather do something = I would prefer to do something</p><p>Aflirmotive _ I Negptive _ Questiorl __</p><p>be.</p><p>‘do do .1 do ?</p><p>I’;I rather ttay I'd rather not 1 stay st ?Id th</p><p>[I would rather) have : (I would rather not) have Wu“ you H Er I have.-.?</p><p>be be...?</p><p>5:1 I don't really want to go out. I'd rather stay home. [= I'd prefer to stay home]</p><p>i:.I= "Should we go now?" "No. not yet. I'd rather wait until later."</p><p>i.'_"...i I'd like to go now. but Tom would rather wait until Iatei:</p><p>Cl I don't like to be late. I'd rather be early.</p><p>". I'm feeling tired. I'd rather not go out tonight. (= I'd prefer not to go out}</p><p>if .I' Sue is feeling tired. She'd rather not go out tonight.</p><p>Ci We're not hungry. We'd rather not eat yet.</p><p>iI'__'_'Ii "Would you like to go out tonight?" "I'd rather not." (= I'd rather not go out)</p><p>['3' "Would you rather have milk or juice?" "juice. please."</p><p>I.'._'.I' Which would you rather do - go to the movie theater or watch a movie at home?</p><p>We say "I'd rather do something" (not to do something):</p><p>-. .5 I"d rather sit on the floor. (not I'd rather to sit)</p><p>i_"= Sue would rather not go out. (riot to go)</p><p>HI I‘!But we say I d prefer to do something</p><p>Ci I'd prefer to sit on the floor.</p><p>ill Sue would prefer not to go out.</p><p>You can say "I'd rather. . .than .. . ":</p><p>CI I'd rather go out than stay home.</p><p>iii I'd rather have a dog than a cat.</p><p>IQ? We'd rather go to the movie theater than watch a movie at home.</p><p>‘Ii fill rather be at home right now than here.</p><p>tie?-eil-i'liiiItsrf:-'5.».i~*f¢t"</p><p>3</p><p>C?D</p><p>_. '5}</p><p>irLangua gfii.-1':-iIi|'|I</p><p>Exercises</p><p>I33-1 Look at the pictures and complete B's sentences. Use I'd rather . . . .</p><p>A</p><p>I Would you like to eit here?</p><p>Dont _you want to watch ‘I'M?</p><p>9Would you like eome</p><p>tea? [HQ we___</p><p>I Should we go out now?</p><p>Complete these questions. Use would you rather . . . .</p><p>1 Do you want to go out. or .. ..ivou.I.d.you.i:athei:.ete.y...... home?</p><p>B</p><p>o</p><p>my book</p><p>until It etope raining</p><p>2 Should we have dinner now. or .. .. .. .. . later?</p><p>3 Would you like a glass ofjuice. or water?</p><p>4 Do you want to go to the movies. or .. Ty?</p><p>S Should we call your brother tonight. or .. . . .. .. tomonow moming?</p><p>Complete the sentences with a verb. Sometimes you need to.</p><p>“I I'd rather .. home tonight. I'd prefer not out.</p><p>2 Should we walk home, or would you rather a tagi-ti?</p><p>3 Do you want me to come with you. or would you prefer .. alone?</p><p>4 Lauren doesn't want to go to college. She'd rather .. ..</p><p>S "Can I help you with your suitcase?" "No. thank you. I'd rather</p><p>6 I'd rathernot I'd</p><p>Answer these questions about yourself. Use I'd rather. . . than . .</p><p>1 Which would you prefer to be - a bus driver or an airplane pilot?</p><p>-..-.-.I.l:=-I.i:ai2bet.Ize.a.l?ue..d.tiv:etthe ri..a.n.e.Itpia no .. ..</p><p>2 Which would you prefer to be — a journalist or a schoolteacher?</p><p>3 Where would you prefer to live - in a big city or a small town?</p><p>l--l-- l-- —-- ----- --I" --I --I-I -|---I || I |- |r| || | .| |-| .| |. . .-|_. .-. ._. .. ._._. ._. -. --- .-|-. .-- || | " |_ | __ ___ ,_, ___ __,_, ___ ,_,__, _, ,_. ._. ,. . . ._. .| | " |_ | |_ l " ___ _____ ___ ___ __ _ __ _ __</p><p>4 Which would you prefer to have — a small house or a big one?</p><p>I I I|'I-IIII"-II-I"-'-I"-I-'"""""l-II'll!l'l- l----Il-------H-----I--------------I-I-IIII-|| I-|||.| ||-.|..-..---------------I--I------I--|"||||.||-||||_,|___________</p><p>5 Which would you prefer to study —- electronics or philosophy?</p><p>6 Which would you prefer to watch — a soccer game or a movie?</p><p>I ll I-Ill I-I -- —-- -- --I ----- II I-- -I I-I I-- II I II I-I-I " I " I-I " l'| III II II I ll I-‘I I-'| ‘I I. I ll --- --- II --- II --- ._._. --. --- .- --. .. - .. .. |-| --. .| |-. |-| |r| .| | | " || | H |;| | __ H |;| |_| __,_, _-</p><p>a job.</p><p>"i§'iE.§”'i}i";‘i§§;ili</p><p>Ho thanlte lif-l rather fill?</p><p>on the ‘floor</p><p>colfee if you have eome</p><p>it myself.</p><p>Do this! Don't do that! Let's do this!</p><p>Com: in Ere careful! Don 1; fall.</p><p>We use comeflookibe. etc. when we teil somebody to do something:</p><p>5:3 "Come here and look at this." "What is it?"</p><p>-:3" I don’t want to talk to you. Go away!</p><p>‘Ii i'm not ready yet. Please wait for me.</p><p>'T..'.'_jI Please be quiet. I'm working.</p><p>oiso</p><p>'-I-' Have a good vacation! I Have a good trip! I Have a nice time! I Have fun!</p><p>_ [= I hope you have . . .} (mi?</p><p>Enjoy your meal! I Enjoy the party!</p><p>_____ [= I hope you enjoy it]</p><p>‘--_‘ Good night. Sleep well!</p><p>{=1 hope you sleep well) (Q</p><p>Ci ac Have a chocolate!</p><p>[= would you like a chocolate?) _m_</p><p>H: Uh. thanks. J</p><p>Have .a good trip!</p><p>gm</p><p>We use i:lon't. . .when we tell somebody not to do something:</p><p>Be careful! Don’: fall.</p><p>'3-:_-_-7 Please don't go. Stay here with me.</p><p>. ‘~_-?= Be here on time. Don’t be iate..</p><p>You can say Let's when you want people to do things with you. Let’: = Let us.</p><p>It s a nice day. Let’s go out. Am you ready?</p><p>d_ (= you and I can go out) |'_-: | Let-E gar</p><p>-1, __i Come on! Let's tlance.</p><p>_ (= you onci I can dance)</p><p>i-._i' Are you ready? Let’: go.</p><p>‘J Let’: have fish for dinner tonight.</p><p>5:3 a: Should we go out tonight?</p><p>B: No, l’m tired. Let’s stay home.</p><p>The negative is Let’s not. . . :</p><p>Tl It's cold. Let"s not go our. Let’s stay home.</p><p>-I Let's not haye fish for dinner tonight. Let’s haye chicken.</p><p>should we.-- I -I Unit 30</p><p>_-</p><p>Exercises</p><p>and some are negative (don't buy {don't come. etc.). Use these verbs:</p><p>jtr"</p><p>_</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use let’s with:</p><p>Answer with No, don’t . . . or Ho, let’s not .</p><p>Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Some sentences are affirmative (buyfcome, etc.)</p><p>l_~ be buy -eoroev -eirinie drop forget have sit sleep smillefiif</p><p>ii i' ' r “H ....l???.'T*.i!%..s?!f!ti.|$...... Iorae attentive</p><p>the water</p><p>-I.</p><p>.</p><p>JJI</p><p>fl _il.</p><p>-|-|..| s'I‘I</p><p>I_..l_l_.|</p><p>or</p><p>at!</p><p>UK are you ready? |</p><p>on the c</p><p>‘P 1-</p><p>f 3 l"ll=EE." [IITIE</p><p>_ -_.___._|</p><p>I'm going to</p><p>bed now.</p><p>—i— -i</p><p>to call me</p><p>‘I-‘1--T-I careful with that</p><p>vase. ..</p><p>_.,___,?</p><p>"--</p><p>'\-L---</p><p>Dorft worry. I won't w¢l|</p><p>_ -' -1 _-|- _ _ _</p><p>{E -go-l5o-r—a-sw-in=|- go to a restaurant take the bus wait a little watch TV H]</p><p>.. ...IetTe .ae.fat..a..earim..</p><p>'L.||‘l-ll"-.l...i.J|*-.J'--1</p><p>No.</p><p>No.</p><p>No.</p><p>No.</p><p>No.</p><p>Would you like to play tennis?</p><p>Do you want to walk home?</p><p>Should I put some music on?</p><p>Should we eat at home?</p><p>Would you like to go now?</p><p>D€I"--l'lf.l""+I-..|l"\-ll‘l'~.I-.-i\-li'-..1_*-</p><p>.. ..I“ae..de.aTt</p><p>....-.He....leJ;Te.nat.ao..he.tae.uefla. . .. ..</p><p>Should I wait for you?</p><p>Should we go home now?</p><p>Should we go out?</p><p>[Jo you want me to close the window?</p><p>Should I call you tonight?</p><p>Do you think we should wait for Andy?</p><p>Do you want me to turn on the light?</p><p>Should we take a taxi?</p><p>A II</p><p>'l'here’s a man on the roof. There's a train at 10:30. There are seven days in a week.</p><p>Singular</p><p>there is .. . (there's) I.--.|</p><p>is there . . .? 1</p><p>I there is riot (theme isn't ' '</p><p>or there's not) [:1</p><p>.r‘_".</p><p>'|. _</p><p>Plural</p><p>I '-— -" '—" '-'" 'l -.</p><p>Iri-</p><p>I .|</p><p>i__g£</p><p>an thE|'E...?</p><p>there are . .. i .3-T.</p><p>there are not... (there aren't) I</p><p>I |'-___.-</p><p>|___ _|</p><p>l_. - -</p><p>There is and it is</p><p>there is</p><p>sunonr</p><p>laonoar</p><p>@ ruesoavweonesoav</p><p>Tr-tr-.|r-is Tfluflsflflf</p><p>ggg moat</p><p>roan sarueonv</p><p>11.15</p><p>1il.lIfl</p><p>1'here’s a big tree in the yard</p><p>There's nothing on TV tonight.</p><p>A: Do you have any money?</p><p>a: ‘res. there's some in my wallet.</p><p>at Excuse me. is there a hotel near here?</p><p>a: Yes. there is. I No. there isn't.</p><p>We can’t go skiing. There isn't any snow.</p><p>There are some big trees in the yard.</p><p>There are a lot of accidents on this road.</p><p>AI Are there any restaurants near here?</p><p>a: ‘res, there are I No. there aren't.</p><p>This restaurant is very quiet. 111ere aren't</p><p>many people here.</p><p>How many players are there on a soccer team?</p><p>There are 11 players on a soccer team.</p><p>' it is H</p><p>'I11ere's a book on the table.</p><p>{not It's a hook on the table.)</p><p>Compare:</p><p>i..p.l</p><p>' |</p><p>. .. $</p><p>-|-i'P'li</p><p>i ii“?</p><p>'. llike this hook. lt’s interesting.</p><p>I (It = this hook}</p><p>“What's that noise?" “It's a train." (It = that noise]</p><p>There's a train at 10.30. lt’s a fast train. (It = the 10:30 train}</p><p>Cl There's a lot of salt in this soup.</p><p>I don’t like this soup. It's too salty. (It = this soup}</p><p>tI1erewasi'were!has heen.etc.-I l.Init36 it and there-Ir Unilt37 some and any-I Unit?-i</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Springfield is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about</p><p>Springfield with There isfire or There isII't,ilire|I't.</p><p>I "I a golf course? No</p><p>2 any restaurants? Yes (a lot)</p><p>3 a hospital? Yes</p><p>4 a swimming pool? No</p><p>5 any movie theaters? Yes (two)</p><p>6 a university?</p><p>7' any big hotels? No</p><p>I II---I-I; - .__.._aI</p><p>_'l'heris are a lot of ieotauranto.</p><p>ZD</p><p>"I-.ICl"'-iIl..i"'liII;'~.l..i».ll"-.l-I</p><p>llll IIII ll IJLI-LI-I II I I-I II I-I I-I-I I-I I-I--I-I I—I I-I I-I l—l I-| IrI1I |rI1r| || I || |_ | I, | |_ I _, ,__ ,_</p><p>I I-I1-I--I-I</p><p>I I-I I-I-I I—'I</p><p>' ' " ' I‘ I ‘II I II I-I I-I I-I II I -I I—I I-I-I I-I I-I I-I I-I-I I-I I-I II I1‘ l'l'l'1Il' I IIII IIII-I I-I I—I I-I-I I—I I-I I-I I-I I-I I-I I-I II I I-I I-I " I " | II | H I</p><p>Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use'l'heI'e isiare or There isII't!aI'eII't</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>U"-'I.i|‘l-.l2i-.'|-.-I-1'</p><p>I II I-I I-I II I-I II I—I II I-I-I II I II I-I III III | II |-| I. II II ||| __</p><p>I II I-I I-I-I II I II I-I II I-I II I'll I-I II III II I II III II I II IIII II I II I II I—I II I II I—I I-I--I-I I—I II I--I II I|I| ‘DI " |-| |r| " ..| I-I |_ I || I I, ,__ |_, ___ __|_, ,_, .-. ,. . .-. .. .-. .-. ._|_| I-| |_| |-| "I. III || | || |_| |_| |__ H ,__,_, _ ._._, ,_,</p><p>WritetlIereisftlIereisI1’t;IistlIereorthereare!therearen't Iarethere.</p><p>‘I Springfield isn't an old town. any old buildings.</p><p>2 Look! a picture of your brother in the newspaper!</p><p>3 "Excuse me. a bank near here?“ "Yes. at the end of the block."</p><p>4 .. .. five people in my family: my parents. my two sisters. and me.</p><p>5 “How many students in the class?" "Twenty."</p><p>6 The road is usually very</p><p>quiet. much traffic.</p><p>" a bus from downtown to the airport?“ "Yes. every 20 minutes."</p><p>any problems?" “No. everything is UK.“</p><p>nowhere to sit down. any chairs.‘I-.l.'JDD"'-I1</p><p>=-</p><p>Write sentences with There are . . . . Choose from the boxes.</p><p>FfiveI I twenty-six letters {September thesolarsystem 1</p><p>-sevei-I— thirty players days theUnited5=tates -a-weele</p><p>eight</p><p>....</p><p>J,» l\|JliI'_I_Eti states - abaslcetb-ailltetrrn the Englnifmh alphabet</p><p>Cl"'IlIIi|"IIlbIli.I1-Ill"-IIl—\</p><p>'II'lll'llllll-Ill-llllI'lI-I-II-I—II-IIII-II-II-I-I-III-III-I I-IIFI1IIIII-ll-ll.--I|----n---II--I-|--|I---</p><p>I-IIIIIIIIII-IIII-II-IIIII-II-II-I-IIII-II-III.-|"|"|.|"|“| _ __ ,_ , , , __</p><p>Write there's Iis there or it's I is it.</p><p>1 a Flight at 10:30." a nonstop Flight?”</p><p>2 I'm not going to buy this shirt. too expensive.</p><p>3 "Whatt wrong?” something in my eye."</p><p>Ii a red car outside your house. yours?</p><p>5 AI anything good on T‘v' tonight?</p><p>a: Yes, a show i want to see at 0:00.</p><p>6 “What’s that building?’ “....................................................... .. a school.“</p><p>T "....................................................... .. a restaurant in this hotel?" "No. I'm afraid not."</p><p>I</p><p>I II I-I III II I IIJI I ILI-I I-I II I II I II I—I I-I-I I-I I—I I-I II I II I I I-I II l—I '—I |-| " | H | ,| Ii, ,_ _ |_|_||,| || |_|__|_, ,_. .-. ,. .-. .-. .-. .-. .. .-. .-I IIII |_I| |-I II I || I || |;| "_|.| ,</p><p>i</p><p>there was/were there has/have been</p><p>there will be</p><p>there was I there were (post)</p><p>There is a train every hour.</p><p>The time now is 11:15.</p><p>‘l1Iere was a train at 11:00.</p><p>...-l-—"</p><p>Compare:</p><p>there islare (present) there wasi'were (post)</p><p>' . There is nothing on T‘v' tonight. ‘T There was nothing on rv last night.</p><p>3 -- We are staying at a very big hotel. " I: We stayed at a very big hotel.</p><p>There are 1.150 rooms. _ There were 1.250 rooms.</p><p>" ls everything OK? Are there any 3 Q} Was everything OK yesterday? Were</p><p>problems? | there any problems?</p><p>.1 I'm hungry. but there isn t anything | Q I was hungry when I got home, but</p><p>to eat. 1, there wasn't anything to eat.</p><p>there has been .-’ there have been (present perfect]</p><p>‘Ti 1 Look! There's been an accident.</p><p>I-I E] [there's been = there has been]</p><p>W 2) -‘T! This road is very dangerous. There have been</p><p>k a lot of accidents.</p><p>Comgare there was (post):</p><p>'-._§' There was an accident last night.</p><p>[not There has been an accident last night.)</p><p>There'o laejn ][</p><p>in aGc'dEnt" For simple post and present _i:iei3‘ect. see Unit 19.</p><p>there will be</p><p>_""'“"' mB Cl Do you think there will be a lot of people at</p><p>‘E mmflrmw afigmggn the party on Saturday?</p><p>, " ,_ J‘ The president of the company is leaving, so</p><p>there will be a new president soon.</p><p>ii I L; I'm going out of town tomorrow. I'm packing</p><p>Ii my things today because there won't be time</p><p>='" tomorrow.</p><p>{there won't be = there will not be)</p><p>wasiwere -Ir Unit 10 I-iaslhave been -I Unirts1Ii-I1? will -I Unit 16 there isfare -Ii Unit 35</p><p>there and it -I‘ Units 35. 37 some and any -I Unit Ti</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty. but what was in the room last week? Choose</p><p>from the box and write sentences with There was . . . or There were . . . .</p><p>H’ “I</p><p>II</p><p>- ell | |</p><p>I</p><p>an armchair a carpet some flowers a sofa</p><p>.g_some books -a-el-oelve three pictures a small table J,»</p><p>i.‘ IIII- IH I Iilililii ---- —-- Q - - I I Q - I - --</p><p>.-"F.'</p><p>‘s.</p><p>'U3"'-IlllII"i'-.il"l-It-l..ii-lIl'\.lI—Ii</p><p>lust week now</p><p>.\\\\\\\</p><p>...]]1ete..era.a.a..isl.eo.lc..-..-.--.... on the wall near the window.</p><p>on the floor.</p><p>on the wall near the door.</p><p>in the middle of the room.</p><p>on the table.</p><p>on the shelves.</p><p>in the corner near the door.</p><p>opposite the armchair.</p><p>Write there was I there wasn't if was there or there were 1' there weren't I were there.</p><p>l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5 -H</p><p>6</p><p>? H</p><p>3</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>I was hungry. but ...-..IT<l1i.i'!t~'.?-!..!?i!r:‘!s‘e!Ti.i1.1...... anything to eat.</p><p>Was everything DK yesterday? any problems?</p><p>l opened the envelope. but it was empty. nothing In it.</p><p>"We stayed at a very nice hotel." "Really? a swimming pool?"</p><p>Did you buy any cherries?" "No. any at the store."</p><p>The wallet was empty. any money in it.</p><p>many people at the meeting?" "No. very few."</p><p>We didn't visit the museum. enough time.</p><p>l'rn sorry I'm late. a lot of traffic.</p><p>Twenty years ago many tourists here. Now there are a lot.</p><p>Write there + isf are r‘ was! were l' has been I have been I will be.</p><p>"l</p><p>2</p><p>L-l"lIl'i'-l..I-ll</p><p>E</p><p>T</p><p>s</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>a good program on Ty’ last night.</p><p>24 hours in a day.</p><p>a party at work last Friday. but l didn't go.</p><p>Where can I get something to eat?" " a restaurant at the end of the block</p><p>“Why are the police outside the bank?” " a robbery."</p><p>When we got to the theater, a long line outside.</p><p>When you arrive tomorrow. somebody at the airport to meet you.</p><p>Ten years ago 500 children in the school. Now</p><p>more than a thousand.</p><p>Last week l went back to the town where l was born. lt's very different now.</p><p>a lot of changes.</p><p>I think everything will be DI-i. I don't think any problems.</p><p>2</p><p>it</p><p>We use it for timeldayldistancelweather:</p><p>time</p><p>Cl! What time is it?</p><p>III: lt's10:30.</p><p>if? It's late-</p><p>!:.'= It's time to go home.</p><p>day</p><p>- .2 What day is it?</p><p>III It's Thursday.</p><p>ll! it's March 15th.</p><p>C! It was my birthday yesterday.</p><p>distance</p><p>‘our house =1. I It's two miles from our house to downtown.</p><p>'.'.':I' How far is it from New York to Los Angeles?</p><p>5 mllffi =-Ii It's a long way from here to the airport.</p><p>";.'_'.'.I We can walk home. It isn't far.</p><p>downtown‘ _ _ _ _ ,We use far in questions {is it far?) and negatives (it isn t far).</p><p>In affirmative sentences. we use a long way (it's a long way)-</p><p>weather</p><p>‘II It's raining. It isn't raining. ls it snowing?</p><p>aux. II." It rains a lot here. It didn't rain yesterday.</p><p>_-It-to Does it snow very often?rrrawrrrrrrrrrrxrz .... - . .yyyyyyyyyygrygymryy _= It's warmIhotlcoldlnicelcloudylwindy!sunnyrclearrdryrhum id,’</p><p>Ilflflffffffffffffff rainiy-Ifaggyfdarkl E|:.|:_</p><p>I_'.I It's a nice day today.</p><p>Compare it and there:</p><p>-Ii It rains a lot in the winter.</p><p>It's very rainy in the winter.</p><p>There is a lot of rain in the winter.</p><p>[Ii It was very windy yesterday.</p><p>There was a strong wind yesterday.</p><p>lt'sniceto....etc.</p><p>“.5 easy I difficult mapossible I dangeifonus I safe tn</p><p>expensive,’ interesting I nice 1' wonderful I terrible, etc. "'</p><p>ill? It's nice to see you again.</p><p>Ci It's impossible to understand her.</p><p>l.._.i It wasn't easy to find your house.</p><p>Don't forget it:</p><p>Cl lt’s raining again. (not ls raining again]</p><p>'-fr Is it true that you're moving to Dallas? [not ls tn.ie that .. . )</p><p>there is ‘I’ UIIII1s35—':"I6</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write about the weather in the pictures. Use lt's . I ..</p><p>'- -Ii- -'</p><p>I-___ _ ' -I‘</p><p>"-‘II</p><p>l</p><p>“R------___...-.-_ - " . ..-_-.._..__.__ ..</p><p>U ' L . -- _. '_ W |.';_."i</p><p>l-_1_i I-_-1,. ii-.' fl I I -E</p><p>1 4</p><p>Write it is (it's) or is it.</p><p>1 Whattime....le-ll?</p><p>2 We have to go now. very late.</p><p>true that Bill can fly a helicopter?</p><p>What day . . today? Tuesday?" “No. Wednesday."</p><p>10 miles from downtown to the airport-</p><p>OK to call you at the office?</p><p>Do you want to walk to the hotel?" “I don't know. I-low far ?"</p><p>Rachel's birthday today. She's 2?.</p><p>l don't believe it! impossible."I-lZI'IZlD'I-JlZI"I.'l.il‘l-II.--.1-.1-I"</p><p>;=%aI;</p><p>Write questions with How far . . . 1'</p><p>1 (here i the station) --</p><p>2 (the hotel .1 the beach)</p><p>3 (hlew York I Washington) .-</p><p>4 (your house .l' the airport)</p><p>Write it or there.</p><p>1 The weather isn't so nice today- 's cloudy.</p><p>2 was a strong wind yesterday.</p><p>'s hot in this room. Dpen a window.</p><p>was a nice day yesterday. was warm and sunny-</p><p>wm a storm last night. Did you hear it?</p><p>was afraid because was very dark-</p><p>.- -- 's often cold here. but isn't much rain.</p><p>'s a long way from here to the nearest gas station.Ci-'1"--iU"iL-FIIE-Il..I».l</p><p>Complete the sentences. 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I-rg;-'-'1 C'-.|-II.I:I -Ice-I |'l' I-I</p><p>5 fie I .I.I -I —-I'll</p><p>I-'l'J'|--'I-r'\..J- I.-II-I-ll-ID-F ‘L-'IiI-4 "'-</p><p>irLanguage com</p><p>Each unit is two pages. l</p><p>The information is 0n LII?) . ,_J_;,__?i:__, I‘;*":"';'*'_'_'";"':""-"-r</p><p>the left~hand ease and ,5 _ l yi fi ' ;._.;.} ‘ii F. '</p><p>the exercises are on the H.g__ -.. H .;_;_ i I</p><p>III:-III.-I1-IIIII I 1-. -I-I I I*I'-III</p><p>—I$- m _I-I.-IJII-1|-I--I--I-I-| v-i1I-Iu1-IIII-</p><p>- ---I-' ll-I-IlIn|.rI-II1-|hI1.Iv H" -I“ hp. -H ‘I i uh __h</p><p>Study the left-hand page .. i".I'=‘E-1':-1'-—~ ;?;"-==="- »==='-,-__;. ._.___.</p><p>(information). and then _ _;"_-I__*_‘“"__ ___¥"--T-_"-'-‘-=1-1‘-'-"1-“'_" _ i_.i'_-'-*-i-‘"9" ._.......:_-'-"”'“'</p><p>do the exercises on the _g-:5; I'--"r" _'_'*'-'_-I-5-".g..~._*_*-.t1.-_._':.§-1-_.;_.'.*.'."'-'</p><p>right-hand page. _._ ""':"" ,__ :5_"::.:-.'</p><p>Ll.l'fl'\h'II- Iflhiiil-K --‘I-H1“</p><p>till‘-Iii“ - 'fil_'_'II'r#-XII</p><p>‘iii’ -hhm'Ih#|- I __-.__ Fl: I-_—_ I I-1</p><p>*1? 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H __</p><p>These will give you information about T ,._ E3 E 3'3 '5 E</p><p>- F I_I . |-P</p><p>——-</p><p>|§_.|_r- .-|.._..H._| I-II.rq-I.-J-I§.-—-I;—I-In-I "II-IIFIIII1-I-Ill‘-I-I</p><p>ll' lili</p><p>|I[iI</p><p>Is'} ll"!</p><p>I</p><p>|I'I iiiiiactive and passive forms. irregular " .".' ' ' -;- 1; ;;;-_ .i'{ ii II ‘Il</p><p>‘llN</p><p>1</p><p>'!i lllI'I l.— I-I IQ.-</p><p>I-I- J I-I -11- I-Iverbs. short forms. spelling. and Z. Z L 3;IIillIllllill llllill Iilli</p><p>1</p><p>Illglll 1iii}:</p><p>[Iit1</p><p>irii</p><p>ll</p><p>phrasal verbs. 5 I _ 1 _EE= :1</p><p>- -inf I - 1 _</p><p>h I</p><p>I [Ill Ill“</p><p>I tiI I ll</p><p>—¢l'</p><p>Ill’</p><p>II I</p><p>l‘ll' Iiii</p><p>IIIiii</p><p>ll {II rip_ j i 1 | -_ .| -,--I Fl :</p><p>-I 1" ._| _|</p><p>-I ur-</p><p>I -I-I. .'— -</p><p>I</p><p>I|iIii{iiIirtrr !lIII!£'l[iIl!!l{I[[F! ‘llllifililllilIii‘!</p><p>pi=iii1'1‘ igfltlilIIIIIIt iIltlll|]i}Iii</p><p>l'!fl</p><p>iiiiiiiiiiiiIlli iiiitiliiiiiriiIIIIill!III</p><p>J</p><p>.1-</p><p>I'I.- - r-P</p><p>-I 1' l1 'II'I- I j</p><p>._ -</p><p>l— I — --I I I1.-.</p><p>I Ii__ _</p><p>Ii Iii i a_ -</p><p>1 rI— -I-III</p><p>I-I</p><p>I Id-I</p><p>.|_- ‘H Ill I j</p><p>‘fl</p><p>-I.</p><p>‘ II- -I-I. q- -</p><p>I-H -I I—I r</p><p>I |- —'I' r iv i</p><p>'3 -I.- r—I-I -1</p><p>1' j 1 rq. I-</p><p>"9-I 1 I-F Z 1' I.‘ I-I‘ J I.-</p><p>_ j Ii. "1..-</p><p>1-</p><p>--‘ -i L</p><p>15"‘ IH</p><p>" II-I-I-5; Ir--.—.I F</p><p>-Ii — 1-I</p><p>There are also Additional _______ ________</p><p>Exercises at the back of the book ""' -' “"*“"</p><p>(pages 235'.-256). ..%_.:._.:.‘:._.?_ ___H__;_ E iA;..'-'"—l"“</p><p>There is a list of these exercises Q;§’j'§T7,f"'i??srr:1=-1;, - -----e~.-.-;=._</p><p>I.- II-I-I-l- -I-III--—.I-H _ _ I-I-J-l'\IIl|l'l--—'h</p><p>F" .</p><p>-I1-lrllvrll-I—Il'i-Ill‘-I-I-I-—1r—r-I-Iirflh--kl-lnrnlr-I515! I . “l- ' I.</p><p>I. I _ '__ II~. _ ._ -- 1 - ."'I|' ‘ti</p><p>'-II-I-I-I-II.'— I “'15- '_l_.-h I</p><p>-q-H-._.|: I ‘I-H - II-1.1-II.l. ' J'1</p><p>- .-I-I—I—-l—.|' L— .l FI-II-IF:-I -1- |.I._._- -.-.5.-H. ..‘ .1-</p><p>“-.-—l‘—|-'I\'--‘ 5- I |- a.I.a_-I.I_a-I-I. I.|u .|.1.</p><p>-‘I-Ig_I-I-__I :-I I</p><p>lI.r_I_I.-_1II---.1 |H. I |</p><p>.'--I.I.-i.I.IIaI.IaIra-It Ir I</p><p>J-Iri-I.'IIIII'—-' 'l.I' ' .-</p><p>-III_i.JI.|-II</p><p>.</p><p>5 I like traveling. -</p><p>5 Some cities are not safe. at night</p><p>I am. I don't. etc-</p><p>' Do you like t-ea?‘</p><p>l-lo.leIont.</p><p>‘res. ldo</p><p>She isn't tired. but he is. He likes tea. but she doesn't</p><p>(he is = he is tired) (she doesn't = she doesn't like tea)</p><p>In these examples. it is not necessary to repeat some words ("he is tired." "she doesn't like tea").</p><p>You can use these verbs in the same way:</p><p>" amlisilare</p><p>was?were</p><p>haveihas</p><p>dolldoesidid</p><p>can</p><p>will</p><p>might</p><p>should</p><p>Elut you can use isn't i’ haven't I won't. etc. (negative shortforms):</p><p>Q — We use doildoes for the simple present [see Units 64'):</p><p>"._'- I haven't seen the movie. but my sister has {= my sister has seen the movie)</p><p>A.‘ Please help me.</p><p>s: I'm sorry. Ican't- (=Ican’t help you)</p><p>'1 A.‘ Are you tired?</p><p>e: I was. but I'm not now. (= I was tired. but I'm not tired now)</p><p>Ii--. A; Do you think Megan will come and see us?</p><p>B.‘ She might (= she might come)</p><p>if-'-I xi: are you going to study tonight?</p><p>-_Z_ _- i- at I should. but I probably won't. (= I should study. butl probably won't study)</p><p>You cannot use 'mil'si"ve. etc. (shortforrns) in this way. You must use amlislhave. etc-:</p><p>5] She isn't tired. but he is (not. . . but he's)</p><p>: My sister has seen the movie. but I haven t.</p><p>Are you and Megan working tomorrow?" "I am. but Megan isn't."</p><p>You can use I am i’ I'm not. etc-. after Yes and No:</p><p>"Are you tired?" "res. I am. i’ No. I'n1 not."</p><p>"Li "Will Bill be here tomorrow?" "Yes. he will. I hlo. he won't."</p><p>"ls there a bus to the airport?" "Yes, there is l’ No. there isn't."</p><p>CI I don't like hot weather. but Sue does. (= Sue likes hot weather)</p><p>'.:.' Sue works hard. but I don't. (= I don't work hard)</p><p>ii-J "Do you enjoy your work?" "Yes. I do."</p><p>We use did for the simple past {see Unit 12):</p><p>-I-I AI Did you and Chris like the movie?</p><p>B: I did. but Chris didn't. (= I liked it. but Chris didn't like it)</p><p>5-‘J “I had a good time." "I did. too." [= I had a good time. too)</p><p>II: "Did it rain yesterday?" "hlo. it didn't"</p><p>You have? i' Have yout. etc. -I Unit 39 so am I I neither do I. etc. -I Unit to</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete these sentences. Use only one verb ( isfhavefcan, etc.) each time.</p><p>1 Kate wasn’t hungry, butwe 4 I haven't read the book, but Tom</p><p>2 I'm not married, but my brother .. 5 Karen won’t be here, but Chris .. ..</p><p>3 Bill can't help you, but 6 You weren't late, butI .</p><p>Complete these sentences with a negative verb [isn’tiIhaven'rJcan’t, etc.}.</p><p>I My sister can play the piano, but I 4 Ale:-t has been to China, but I ..</p><p>2 Sam is working today, but I 5 I’m ready to go, but Tom .. .. . ..</p><p>3 I was working, but my Friends 6 l’ve seen the movie, but Emma</p><p>Complete these sentences with do.-‘do-esfdid or don't1’tloesn'ti’didn't.</p><p>"I I dorft like hot weather; but Sue</p><p>2 Sue likes hot weather, but I</p><p>3 My mother wears glasses, but my father</p><p>4 You dorft know Robert very well, but I ..</p><p>S I didn’t enjoy the party, but my friends</p><p>6 I don't watch T‘v’ much, but Ben</p><p>F Kate lives in Canada, but her parents</p><p>8 You had breakfast this morning, but I .. .. .</p><p>Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people.</p><p>1 I didn't ....po..o.u.I;..Ia.a1:..n?;;h1;,.I2uL..my..frtie.osIo. . .</p><p>2 llike but-.....-.....</p><p>3 Idon’t .. . ..</p><p>5</p><p>Put in a verb, afi"1rmative or negative.</p><p>1 "Are you tired?" "I earlier, but I'm not now."</p><p>2 Nate is happy today, but he yesterday.</p><p>3 The stores aren’t open yet, but the post oFFice</p><p>4 I don’t have a telescope, but I know somebody who .</p><p>5 I would like to help you, but I’m sorryI</p><p>6 I don't usually drive to work, but I yesterday.</p><p>3’ ,-s: Have you ever been to Costa Rica?</p><p>Bi No, but Grace .. . . . She went there on vacation last year,</p><p>8 "Do you and Kevin watch TV a lot?" “I .. . but Kevin doesnt."</p><p>9 I was invited to Sam's wedding, but I-(ate ..</p><p>ID “Do you think Sarah will pass her driving test?" "Yes, I’m sure she .. .. “</p><p>"I1 “Are you going out tonight?“ “I I don't know for sure."</p><p>35-5 Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have,f Noy I'm not. etc.</p><p>1 Are you Brazilian? ....?~.Io,.I.'.m..oos,...........</p><p>2 Do you have a car? ..</p><p>3 Do you feel OK? .</p><p>4 Is it snowing?</p><p>5 Are you hungry?</p><p>6 Do you like classical music?</p><p>F Will you be in Boston tomorrow?</p><p>8 Have you ever broken your arm?</p><p>9 Did you buy anything yesterday?</p><p>ID Were you asleep at 3:00 a.m.?</p><p>.§=:Tn‘t like Eric-</p><p>. -. -H.</p><p>I _-_</p><p>sigh -_ililfij</p><p>‘You don 1:?‘ Why notYou are? About whdt?</p><p>Iboughtanewcan</p><p>‘l-l-</p><p>.- ti‘I -1</p><p>Uh youdlol</p><p>You can say you have? ,’ it is? I he can't?, etc, to show that you are interested or surprised:</p><p>[.13 “You’re late." "I am? I’rn sorry."</p><p>Cl "I was sick last week" “You were? I didn't know that."</p><p>Ci “It's raining again." "It is? It was sunny 10 minutes ago.“</p><p>C3 "There's a problem with the car.“ "There is? What's wrong with it?"</p><p>[J "Bill can't drive," "He can't? I ciidn’t know that."</p><p>=._II l’m not hungry.“ "You aren’t? I am,"</p><p>[Ii “Sue isn't at work today" "She isn't? Is she sick?"</p><p>Use dofdoes for the simple present and did for the simple post</p><p>{:3 “I speak four languages.“ “You do? Which ones?“</p><p>{Iii "Tim doesn't eat meat.“ "He doesn't? Does he eat fish?“</p><p>Ci “Nicole got married last week.“ “She did? Really?“</p><p>Tog questions</p><p>You can use have you? I is it? I can't she?, etc., _ I'I:‘e a nioe day, ionic it?</p><p>at the end of a sentence.</p><p>lhese “mini ouestions“ are tog questions.</p><p>Afiirmotive sentence —> Negative tag ouestion</p><p>lt’s a nice day, isn't it? Yes, it’s perfect.</p><p>Anna lives in Portland, doesn't she? Yes, that’s right</p><p>You closed the window, didn't you? Yes, I think so.</p><p>'I11ose shoes are nice, aren't they? Yes, very nice.</p><p>Tom will be here soon, won't he? Yes, probably.</p><p>I“-legotive sentence -7“ Afirrnotive tag question</p><p>That isn't your car, is it? No, it’s my mother's.</p><p>You haven't met my mother, have you? No, I haven’t.</p><p>Emily doesn’t go out much, does she? Ii-lo, she doesn’t.</p><p>You won't be late, will you? hlo, I'm never late.</p><p>l am, I don't, etc- -I‘ Unit 3!</p><p>Tee, its</p><p>perfecrls.</p><p>lf.'.l"-il..il‘l-ll‘:-l-.i\-"I"-.l'—I</p><p>Exercises</p><p>39-1 Answer with You do? I She doesn't?I' They did?, etc-</p><p>I speak four languages.</p><p>I work in a bank-</p><p>I didn't go to work yesterday.</p><p>Iulia doesn't like me-</p><p>You look tired.</p><p>Kate called me last night.</p><p>Answer with You are?! She does? I It isn'tl', etc-</p><p>"-DIZII-"-J'EI"i.l.i|“l.l';'~t'i,.-I-ll“'-il—l</p><p>ll]</p><p>'l'l</p><p>12</p><p>'*-.lI‘J"I'i.-I"!-ll"-'li.il'-'ll'-.l'—'l</p><p>I'm writing a book.</p><p>Tom doesn't eat meat. ..-...Htr.ril§?iIT=‘.$e-'ll12... ?</p><p>I lost my key.</p><p>Sue can't drive-</p><p>I was born in Italy.</p><p>I didn't sleep well last night.</p><p>There's a football game on Ty’ tonight.</p><p>I'm not happy.</p><p>I saw Diana last week.</p><p>Maria works in a factory.</p><p>I won't be here ne-kt week.</p><p>The clock isn't working. .</p><p>It's a nice day, -l-'5'-I-1-'1E.i.‘lE .. .-</p><p>These flowers are nice, ..</p><p>Emily was at the party,</p><p>You've been to Chile,</p><p>You speak Thai, .. .</p><p>Bill looks tired, ..</p><p>You'll help me, .. ..</p><p>? Which ones?</p><p>? I work in a bank, too.</p><p>? Were you sick?</p><p>? Why not?</p><p>? I feel fine.</p><p>? What did she say?</p><p>.. What is it about?</p><p>Does he eat fish?</p><p>. ? When did you have it last?</p><p>She should learn.</p><p>? I didn't know that.</p><p>Was the bed uncomfortable?</p><p>Are you going to watch it?</p><p>Why not?</p><p>.. . ..? How is she?</p><p>..-? What kind of factory?</p><p>Where will you be?</p><p>.. It was working yesterday.</p><p>Complete these sentences with a tag question [isn't it?! haven't you?, etc-].</p><p>Yes, it's beautiful.</p><p>Yes, what kind are they?</p><p>Yes, but I didn't speak to het</p><p>Yes, many times.</p><p>Yes, but not very well.</p><p>Yes, he works very hard-</p><p>Yes, of course I will.</p><p>Complete these sentences with a tag question, affirmative [is it? I do you?, etc.) or negative</p><p>(isn't it? I don't yo=u?, etc.)-</p><p>‘I-Ell‘-E“-|IIll‘|'~.-|"l-Iii-l.»-ll'-il—l</p><p>You haven't eaten yet, .....have.yo.u</p><p>You aren't tired, . .. .</p><p>Lie is a very nice person,</p><p>You can play the piano,</p><p>You don't know Mike's sister,</p><p>Sarah went to college,</p><p>The movie wasn't very good,</p><p>Anna lives near you,</p><p>You won't tell anybody what I said,</p><p>--.r--.r-.r-u</p><p>'1-J</p><p>-'1-J"1-‘I"'-I"'-I</p><p>hlo, I'm not hungry-</p><p>No. I feel fine.</p><p>Yes, everybody likes her.</p><p>Yes, but I'm not very good.</p><p>hlo, l've never met het</p><p>Yes,</p><p>she studied psychology.</p><p>No, it was terrible.</p><p>Yes, just a few blocks away.</p><p>hlo, of course not.</p><p>too and either</p><p>I'm happy, too. _ I'm not happy. I'M H011 l‘lEIPP1~r'- BM"-</p><p>We use too and either at the end of a sentence-</p><p>i..:_i- A: I'm happy. fffji; A: I'm not happy.</p><p>We use too alter an ofiirrnotive verb: We use either after a negotive verb:</p><p>5; pm happy’ t,;m,_ I e: I'm not happy, either.</p><p>fl; A: I liked the movie. I P. A: I can't cook.</p><p>5; | it; tgq B,‘ l II-il'l"|i, Eithflf.</p><p>-:3 lane is a doctor: Her husband is a I f'f.'j- Bill doesn't watch T'v'. He doesn't</p><p>doctor, too. read newspapers, either.</p><p>so am I I’ neither do I, etc-</p><p>, amlislare</p><p>_ - waslwere</p><p>... doldoes.</p><p>I -all ' l‘ -i;r~ --er-~= "l 2 -, did..-</p><p>__1""' J</p><p>i i Eioaml,</p><p>havelhas</p><p>can</p><p>will</p><p>'1 should</p><p>i neither</p><p>_ l I'm not happy.</p><p>Hol-tlier am I</p><p>5;, am I = 1 3m,1;i3ii;i - neither am I = I'm not, either</p><p>so have I = I have, too {etc-}: ' neither can I = I can't, either (etc):</p><p>i_'.,T- AI l'rn working. II A‘</p><p>er 5o am I. (= I'm working, too) I</p><p>B.‘ So was Sam. (= Sam was late, too}</p><p>A.’ lworkin a bank. IIQII</p><p>e: So do I. 2</p><p>1 -Ii</p><p>i__.' A; We went to the movies last night. '1-_"'</p><p>e: You did? So did we.</p><p>lrfii. _- A.‘ I'd like to go to Australia-</p><p>e: So would I.</p><p>i._.' ii; Iwas late for work today- ‘T-T‘ A‘</p><p>I haven't been to China.</p><p>hleither have I. (= I haven't, either)</p><p>Kate can't cook.</p><p>Neither can Tom.</p><p>I won't (= will not) be here tomorrow.</p><p>hleither will I.</p><p>I never go to the movies.</p><p>hleither do I.</p><p>Remember: So arn I (not So I arn), Neither have I (not I“-leither I have)-</p><p>I am, I don't, etc. -I Unit 33</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Write too or either.</p><p>"*-,lU"|-Ii...l"l-E-I..I-'l'I"-.l=_i</p><p>U‘sLH-Ihu-1I's.I-1</p><p>I'm happy. I'm happy,</p><p>I'm not hungry. I'm not hungry,</p><p>I'm going out. I'm going out, .. ..</p><p>It rained on Saturday. It rained on Sunday, -. .. .. .. .</p><p>Ienn can't drive a car. She can't ride a bike,</p><p>I don't like to go shopping. I don't like to go shopping,</p><p>Lauren's mother is a teacher. Her Father is a teacher;</p><p>Answer with So . . . I (So am I I‘ So do I ,1 So can I, etc.)-</p><p>I went to bed late last night.</p><p>I'm thirsty.</p><p>I've already read this book.</p><p>I need a vacation.</p><p>I'll be late tomorrow.</p><p>I was very tired this morning.</p><p>Answer with Neither , . , I.</p><p>._l._.l —|'I:I""-"I'll?"-J</p><p>I can't go to the party.</p><p>I didn't call Alex last night.</p><p>I haven't eaten lunch yet.</p><p>I'm not going out tonight-</p><p>I don't know what to do. .. .. .-</p><p>You are talking to Maria. Write sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So . . , I or</p><p>Neither . . . I. Look at these eitamples carefully:</p><p>lI|"'--.llII"-i'l-,il"-I1'*-‘l-I-l|I"*-FIHI</p><p>9</p><p>ll]</p><p>'l'I</p><p>"I2</p><p>3 I'm tired today. You can answer: UR</p><p>I</p><p>MARIA 'i"'Dl_,l'</p><p>I'm studying English.</p><p>I can ride a bike.</p><p>I'm not American.</p><p>I like to cook.</p><p>I don't like cold weather.</p><p>I slept well last night.</p><p>I've never run a marathon.</p><p>I don't use my phone much.</p><p>I'm going out tomorrow night.</p><p>I haven't been to India.</p><p>I didn't watch T'v' last night.</p><p>I go to the movies a lot.</p><p>ldontwork hard You can answer: .......l:l.eil?.het.sii;?..l,.......... UR ....l..i.=:=li.I?-..</p><p>We use not [n't} in negative sentences:</p><p>Aflirmotive —-Ir hlegotive</p><p>am</p><p>is</p><p>are</p><p>was</p><p>were</p><p>have</p><p>has</p><p>will</p><p>can</p><p>could</p><p>should</p><p>would</p><p>ITILISE</p><p>am not ('m not)</p><p>are not (aren't or ‘re not} Cl</p><p>have not (haven't) ’-:3‘</p><p>I I.--.</p><p>; -' I'm not tired.</p><p>is not {isn't or 's not} III It isn't (or It's not) raining,</p><p>They aren't (or They're not) here</p><p>was not (wasn't) '1--7' Ryan wasn't hungry.</p><p>F</p><p>were not (weren't) ':-'= The stores weren't open.</p><p>I haven't finished my work yet.</p><p>has not (hasn't) :__i Sue hasn't been to Ivleaico.</p><p>will not (won't) ' CI We won't be here tomorrow.</p><p>ggnngt [can't] jtI.'lI‘|I‘I l'.'il'I"II CITI‘-IE.</p><p>F</p><p>could not (couldn't) -J _ I couldn't sleep last night.</p><p>should not (shouldn't) "-1 You shouldn't work so hard</p><p>would not (wouldn't) ' ‘:3 I wouldn't like to be an actor.</p><p>must not l ':' They must not have a car.</p><p>don'tI'doesn'ti'dldn't</p><p>Simple present negotive llwelyoulthey do not (don't)l_-helshelit does no1:_(doesn't) llwurkmvfl-so etc</p><p>Simple post negotive I Iltheyfhelshe, etc. did not (didn't) ll</p><p>Aflirmqtiye -1- Nreerire. -</p><p>I got up early this moming.</p><p>They worked hard yesterday.</p><p>We played tennis-</p><p>Cllivia had dinner with us.</p><p>llll</p><p>I want to go out.</p><p>They work hard.</p><p>Liz plays the guitar.</p><p>Iyly father likes his job.</p><p>llll</p><p>Dont...</p><p>I don't want to go out.</p><p>They don't work hard.</p><p>Lie doesn't play the guitar.</p><p>Ivly father doesn't like his job.</p><p>I didn't get up early this morning.</p><p>They didn't work hard yesterday.</p><p>We didn't play tennis.</p><p>Cllivia didn't have dinner with us.</p><p>Look! —-ii</p><p>Wait for me.” -1»</p><p>Don't look! '</p><p>Don't wait for me.</p><p>Sometimes do is thi_e_ main verb (don't do i'__t_l_og_sn't do I didn't do): __ ___</p><p>Do something! -—> Don't do anything?</p><p>Sue does a lot on weekends. -1- Sue doesn't do much on weekends. i</p><p>I did what you said. —l- I didn't do what you said. |</p><p>simple present negative -I Unit G simple past negative -I Unlt 11 don't lookl don’! wells etc ‘F Uni! 34</p><p>Why lsn'tI'don't . . . ? -I Unit 41</p><p>Exercises</p><p>"IO</p><p>ll</p><p>‘I2</p><p>‘I3</p><p>Make these sentences negative.</p><p>1 He's gone out. ......lilfi-i-.ITl.-i='2Ifs?*.I'lll§?.di;I.Il§.I-iilllii..-..-...--..- 4 Its cold today</p><p>2 They're married. S Well be late</p><p>3 Ihad dinner. IS You should go</p><p>Make these sentences negative. Use dori'ti'doesn't,i'didn t</p><p>1 She saw me. 4</p><p>E llike cheese. S</p><p>3 They understood. 6</p><p>Make these sentences negative.</p><p>I She can swim. e</p><p>2 They've arrived. F</p><p>3 I went to the bank. 8</p><p>4 I-le speakslapanese. SI</p><p>5 We were angry. ‘IO</p><p>He lives here</p><p>Cio away‘</p><p>I did the dishes</p><p>Hell be happy</p><p>Call me tonight</p><p>It rained yesterday</p><p>I could hear them</p><p>I believe you</p><p>I I IComplete these sentences with a negative verb {isn tlhaven tldon t, etc )</p><p>1 They aren't rich. They have much money</p><p>2 "Would you like something to eat?“ "No, thank you I hungry</p><p>3 I find my glasses. Have you seen them?</p><p>4 David .. go to the movie theater much Hed rather watch movies at home</p><p>5 We can walk to the station from here. it very far</p><p>6 "Where's lane?" "l know. I seen her today</p><p>Ti’ Be careful?</p><p>8 We went to a restaurant last night.I like the food very much</p><p>9 I've been to Japan many times, but I .. been to South Korea</p><p>‘I4 You drive so fast. It's dangerous.</p><p>‘ll 5 You ask Sam some questions. He answers “Yes” or "No Write sentences about Sam, affirmative</p><p>or negative.</p><p>Iulia .. be here tomorrow. She'll be out of town</p><p>“Who broke that window?" “hlot me. I o it</p><p>We didn't see what happened. We looking at the time</p><p>Jenn bought a new coat a few days ago, but she worn it yet</p><p>YOU</p><p>Are you married? Ho.</p><p>Do you live in Los Angeles? Yes-</p><p>Were you born in Los Angeles? No. '</p><p>Do you like Los Angeles? Ho.</p><p>Would you like to live someplace else? Yes.</p><p>Can you drive? Yes.</p><p>Have you traveled abroad? No.</p><p>Do you read the newspaper? No.</p><p>Are you interested in politics? No.</p><p>Do you usually watch T'v" at night? Yes.</p><p>Did you watch T*v' last night? No.</p><p>Did you go out last night? Yes.</p><p>He Ien 1: marrled</p><p>He llvee in Loo Angelee</p><p>lI'1|"'-I'U"i-I-ll"!-I1'-,l-..|-.II"-.l--II</p><p>B do</p><p>Aflirmotive you are ‘\"oi.iareeatirig-</p><p>I-'>'-'-‘I</p><p>Question are you Are you eating? What are you eating?</p><p>In questions, the first verb lislarelhave, etc.) is before the subject:</p><p>subject + verbI __- .- ___-</p><p>I I</p><p>Aflirmotive</p><p>am late.</p><p>Mak is from Canada.</p><p>She was angry.</p><p>, The movie has started.</p><p>l Paula can swim.</p><p>You have been to Japan.</p><p>They will be here soon.</p><p>The subject is after the first verb:</p><p>Has the movie started? (not Has started the movie?)</p><p>Are those people waiting for something? (not Are waiting. . . ?)</p><p>'I_Ii When was the telephone invented? (not When was invented . . . ?}</p><p>Simple present questions = do 'IwE"l'D.L""'hE"</p><p>I I</p><p>Simple post questions I did Irtheylhelshe, etc. I</p><p>efiinefiri</p><p>| They work hard.</p><p>I You watch T‘v'.</p><p>Chris has a car.</p><p>I She gets up early.</p><p>They worked hard.</p><p>I You had dinner.</p><p>I She got up early. _</p><p>...?Idoes...?rdid...?</p><p>| does</p><p>Quest-ion</p><p>verb + subject</p><p>Am I late?</p><p>Where is Mast from?</p><p>Why was she angry?</p><p>Has the movie started?</p><p>Have you been to Japan?</p><p>When will they be here?</p><p>Can</p><p>Paula swim?lllllll</p><p>-- . - ' -----i —--</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>l'"-'-'1'5l'lE'l {F_____ workllivelgo, etc. .. .</p><p>llll</p><p>—I'l*</p><p>—iI:</p><p>-—:i~</p><p>Question _ __ _ _</p><p>Do they work hard?</p><p>How often do you watch Ty?</p><p>Does Chris have a car?</p><p>What time does she get up?</p><p>Did they work hard? =</p><p>What did you have for dinner?</p><p>What time did she get up? ___ _</p><p>Sometimes do is the main verb (do you do! did he do, etc-):</p><p>='._-'- What do you usually do on weekends?</p><p>I-_'-' A.‘ What does your brother do?</p><p>e: He works in a bank.</p><p>*-'-l'i ,4: I broke my finger last week.</p><p>e: How did you do that? [not How did you that?)</p><p>‘Why isn't - .. ? i’ Why don't. .. ?, etc. [\i‘llI'iy + negative):</p><p>LI Where's John? Why isn't he here? [not Why he isn't here?)</p><p>II jl Why can't Nioole come to the meeting tomorrow? (nor Why Nicole can t )</p><p>‘C-1 Why didn't you call me last night?</p><p>simple present questions -I Unit 7' simple past questions -I Unit ‘I1 questions 2-3 -I Units 43-44</p><p>whaigfwhichi’how -I Units 45-46</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write questions.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F’</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>T0</p><p>You are talking to a friend about driving. Write complete questions.</p><p>Cl"'iI..I"l.IL'-.5.-ii-iIl\.'I_.i</p><p>I can swim. (and you?) .. .</p><p>1 wary hard, (and lack?)</p><p>I was late this morning. (end you?) .- --</p><p>l've seen that movie. (and Kate?) .</p><p>I'll be here tomorrow. (and you?) ,</p><p>I'm going out tonight. (and Sam?) .</p><p>I like my job. lFll'i'il Yfil-I?) .</p><p>I live near here. land l‘~ll'I?lE?)</p><p>I enjoyed the movie. {and you?) . .-</p><p>I had a good vacation. [and you?) . .-</p><p>YCIIJ -</p><p>(have I a car?) .. Yes, I do.</p><p>(useila lot?) .. it Yes, every day.</p><p>{use I yesterday?) .. .. Yes, to go to work.</p><p>[erijoy driving?) Not very much.</p><p>la good driver?) I think I am-</p><p>leverilhavelan accident?)............... No, never.</p><p>Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F‘</p><p>3</p><p>El</p><p>ID</p><p>[did I go I where I David?) .-</p><p>(working I Rachel I is I today?)</p><p>[the children I what I are I doing?) What .. . .................... .-</p><p>{made I is I how I cheese?) .. .-</p><p>{to the party I coming I is I your sister?)</p><p>{you I the truth I tell I don't I why?)</p><p>(your guests I’ have I yet I arrived?) ..</p><p>(leave I what time I your plane I does?)</p><p>(to work I Emma I why I go I didn't?)</p><p>{your car I in the accident I was I damaged?)</p><p>Complete the questions.</p><p>'lZlZI"--l~U""il..i"‘I-ll‘!-i'i..i'-ill‘-,.l—'</p><p>9</p><p>‘IO</p><p>Tl</p><p>‘IE</p><p>I want to go out. Where</p><p>Kate and Ben aren't going to the party. Why</p><p>l'm reading. What</p><p>Sue went to bed early. What time</p><p>My parents are going on vacation. When</p><p>I saw Tom a few days ago. Where</p><p>I can't come to the party. Why</p><p>I've been to Canada. How many times</p><p>I need some money. How much</p><p>Anna doesn't like me. Why .. ..</p><p>It rains sometimes. How often ,,</p><p>I did the shopping. When</p><p>JULIA B</p><p>t15;:?l‘Z</p><p>El;</p><p>‘Ill’!</p><p>t:L:1!</p><p>lat</p><p>'5 Julia saw Kevin.</p><p>Who saw Kevin?</p><p>julia. (lulia saw him.)</p><p>Who did Julia see?</p><p>Kevin. (She saw Kevin.)</p><p>-:-ur</p><p>1</p><p>_ |--.:=-</p><p>|i——i— Julia saw Kevin</p><p>Subject Object</p><p>I I</p><p>Somebody saw Kevin. Julia saw somebody .</p><p>Who saw Kevin? Who didjulia see?</p><p>luiia. (luiia saw him.) Kevin. {She saw Kevin.)</p><p>who is the subject who is the object</p><p>Kevin is the object lulia is the subject</p><p>lri these questions, whohfllat is the subject</p><p>I'.._.i Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?)</p><p>{not Who does live?)</p><p>Ci What happened? {= something happened - what?)</p><p>(not What did happen?)</p><p>_. _. What's happening? (What's = What is)</p><p>Who's got my keys? (Whoa = Who has)</p><p>In these questions. whohvliax is the object:</p><p>=T._J Who did you meet yesterday? {= you met somebody — who?)</p><p>C: What did Kevin say? (= Kevin said something — what?)</p><p>i'__'1 Who are you calling?</p><p>|f__i What was lulia wearing?</p><p>,-'--.—-.</p><p>'I</p><p>|-.'.'.__..__</p><p>Compare:</p><p>f.:.:- Eric likes oranges. —s Who likes oranges? — Eric.</p><p>What: does Eric like? - Oranges.</p><p>If_'_'i Emily won a new car. —:i Who won a new car? — Emily.</p><p>What did Emily win? — A new car.</p><p>Lise who For people (somebody). Use what for things. ideas, etc. [sorr|ething):</p><p>[.1 Who is your Favorite singer?</p><p>if? What is your favorite song?</p><p>questions -I Units ii-1. 4-Ii whatfwhichlhow -I l.tnit 45</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Make questions with who or what. in these questions. who.-’wl'iat is the subject.</p><p>G-"i.lIII"l-III-LI-ll‘-J-—I</p><p>Somebody broke the window.</p><p>Something fell off the shelfi What ..</p><p>Somebody wants to see you. . .. me?</p><p>Somebody took my umbrella.</p><p>Something made me sick.</p><p>Somebody is coming. .</p><p>Make questions with who or what [subject or object).</p><p>'-'Ii'Zl"I-.ll'J"i'-.IF‘l.l‘:i-\.l.i-IIi"-J--|-</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>Tl</p><p>‘I2</p><p>"l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>1"-i</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T</p><p>I bought something. you i?u5{?.....</p><p>Somebody lives in this house. .....ll'.‘i!'.iClri1?.-ll?ifi$.$ in</p><p>l called somebody. . . ..</p><p>Something happened last night-</p><p>Somebody knows the answer.</p><p>Somebody did the dishes.</p><p>Emma did something.</p><p>Something woke me up.</p><p>Somebody saw the accident.</p><p>i savv somebody.</p><p>Somebody has my pen.</p><p>This word means something.</p><p>You want the missing information (IIIIIJ. Write questions with who or what.</p><p>I lost IIIII yesterday. but fortunately</p><p>IIIII found it and gave it back to me. .. _</p><p>IIIII called me last night She wanted Who</p><p>IIIII What</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>1</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>I-</p><p>Il</p><p>I</p><p>II</p><p>II</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>|I|I-IIIIIIII'' I':IIIII</p><p>I..I---:IIIIIII''IIIIIII..I- IIII‘':IIIIII- IIIIIII ...I.I-. ;;IIIII-I IIIIIII:I 'ILIIII-IIIIIIIIII ,.,...:_:I5EIEE::II;;;IIII:I|_IIIIII ''rIIIIIIII.II:53=iiI::::I: IIIIIIIQI ,,._.....IIIIII''I IIIII-I::IILIIII-. IIIIIIIII IIIIIII'IIILIIIIII ;I:IIIIII ;ItIIILIIII-IIII'IIILIIIIIIII-II-I'I II-II-'::I::III::III.III.II II'IIII''I,....--..I--II-III -ILIItIIISI-II--II IIIIIII'-IIIIIIIII _,....,.,|I-II--II I;:III:IIi::I:r:I:IIIII.':I: II-II-III III''I'I:IIIIIIII-'''I::IIiI=II:II: _I-II-III 1f:II::::||-II-III|II''-III ;:'_:::L:;1;:IIIII: |I_II—I—I III''-III _,-..--.._I-IIIIII— ---IIIIIIi;;::-L:. I1-::.L-:. II3iI.FEi</p><p>I needed some advice so i asked IIIII.</p><p>l—le said IIIII</p><p>l hear that IIIII got married last week.</p><p>IIIII told me</p><p>I met IIIII on my way home tonight</p><p>She told me IIIII.</p><p>Andy and I played tennis yesterday</p><p>IIIII won After the game we IIIII.</p><p>It was my birthday last week. and l got</p><p>some presents. IIIII gave me a book.</p><p>and Catherine gave me IIIII.</p><p>‘Ii</p><p>lulia is talking to somebody.</p><p>Who is she talking to?</p><p>In questions beginning Who . . . I I What. . . ‘i I’ Where. . .1‘ I Which . . .‘?. prepositions (toiiromfwitlm. eto)</p><p>usually go at the end;</p><p>[.1 “Where are you hum?" “I'm from Tl1ailan-d."</p><p>Ci ‘lack was afraid.‘ “What was he afraid of?"</p><p>"Who do these books belong to?’ "They're mine.“</p><p>{Ii "Tom’s father is in the hospital." “Which hospital is he in?“</p><p>if! "Kate is going on vacation.“ “Who with?“ I “Who is she going with?“</p><p>"Ii "Can we talk?“ “Sure. What do you want to talk about?"</p><p>-</p><p>What's it like? I What are they likei‘, etc.</p><p>What’: it like? = What is it like?</p><p>Whafo your ';',;.... " '=' " --+</p><p>like? What's it like? = tell me something</p><p>new house --- . . . .about it — is It good or bad, big or</p><p>small. old or new. et-::.?</p><p>When we say “What is it like?," like is a preposition. It is not the verb like {Du you like your new</p><p>house?, eto].</p><p>LY A.‘ There's a new restaurant near my house.</p><p>B: What’: it like? ls it good?</p><p>a; I dorrt know. I haven't eaten there yet.</p><p>U A.‘ What’s your new teacher like?</p><p>a: She’s very good. We learn a lot.</p><p>(*1t__.= as I met Nieoles parents yesterday.</p><p>at You did? What are they like?</p><p>AI They're very nice.</p><p>Cl av Did you have a good vacation? What was the weather like?</p><p>st It was great. It was sunny every day.</p><p>questions 1-2 -Ii l_ln'ls1i2—i3 whatfwhidlfhow -Ii Uni: £5 orepositions -I Units 101-11 1</p><p>Exercises</p><p>You want the missing information (XXKXX). Write questions with who or what.</p><p>Wrioietheletterfiom?The letter is from XXIII.</p><p>Lfl-I1LI-|'l“'--I—‘-</p><p>l m looking for a XIKXXX. What ou</p><p>I went to the movies with KXXXX.</p><p>The movie was about KKXKJE</p><p>I gave the money to XXXXJIL</p><p>The book was written b XXXXX.Ch F</p><p>Write questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition:</p><p>|_ go listen look -all-1- talk wait</p><p>J</p><p>.- ._. .- i. _ ___‘</p><p>ii?‘</p><p>ii-'irll .r.</p><p>It was</p><p>ve good. -D</p><p>Yee. very</p><p>Q Interesting</p><p>,1.</p><p>'-—I</p><p>,. sei-ls-» l-</p><p>i</p><p>m going</p><p>to a</p><p>restaurant.</p><p>1 4 What..........__...</p><p>2 What . 5</p><p>3 Which restaurant . 6 Which</p><p>Write questions with Which . . . T</p><p>-l'l'-L.iI-.ll"-.lI-'-</p><p>Tom's father is in the hospital.</p><p>We stayed at a hotel. you</p><p>Jack plays for a football team.</p><p>I went to school in this town. _</p><p>You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there.</p><p>Ask questions with What isfare . . . like?</p><p>‘I (the roads)</p><p>2 (the food}</p><p>3 (the people)</p><p>4 (the weather)</p><p>Ask questions with What waslwere . . . like?</p><p>I Your friend just came back from a trip. Ask about the weather.</p><p>..</p><p>2 Your friend just came back from the movies. Ask about the movie.</p><p>3 Your friend just finished a computer course. Ask about the classes.</p><p>4 Your fi'iend just came back from a business trip. Ask about the hotel.</p><p>_':_l it'll 1'</p><p>__ ___-fl_,__:=_ L i _- _ J,</p><p>l</p><p>lI</p><p>l</p><p>. .|‘il-</p><p>' .1</p><p>What...? Which...? How...?</p><p>(questions 4)</p><p>What + noun (What color. . . I I What kind . . .?, etc.)</p><p>lg} What color is your car? What color are your eyes?</p><p>' 1 What size is this shirt? What nationality is she?</p><p>What time is it? CI What clay is it today?</p><p>What kind of job do you want?</p><p>(orwhattypeofjob . . . ? I What sort ofjob . . . ?)</p><p>I‘</p><p>IWhat without a noun</p><p>'---" What's your Favorite color?</p><p>What do you want to do tonight?</p><p>which + noun (things or people)</p><p>fl Which train did you catch - the 9:50 or the 10:30?</p><p>CI which doctor did you see — Doctor Lopea, Doctor Gray, or Doctor Hill?</p><p>I I I</p><p>I‘We use which without a noun for things, not people</p><p>Which is bigger - Canada or Australia?</p><p>We use who for people (without a noun):</p><p>5:? Who is taller - Joe or David? (not Which is taller?)</p><p>What or which?</p><p>Which is yours? wH|r;|-p</p><p>What is more general:</p><p>Q5 What's the capital of Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina)</p><p>-i._- What kind of music do you like? (of all kinds of music)</p><p>Compare:</p><p>I] What color are his eyes? (not which color?)</p><p>Which color do you prefer, pink or yellow?</p><p>{:5 What is the longest river in the world?</p><p>How ‘l</p><p>Which is the longest river — the Mississippi, the Amazon, or the Nile?</p><p>i.'_'.Ii- "How was the party last night?“ “It was great."</p><p>CT? "How do you get to work?" “By bus.“</p><p>You can use how + odjectivefodverb (how tall I how old I how often, eto}:</p><p>“How _ far is it from here to the airport?“ "Ten miles.“ (about ‘ii-5 kilometers) l</p><p>l</p><p>We use which when we are thinking about a small number of possibilities (perhaps 2 3 or 4)</p><p>it We can go this way or that way. E—_- 1 i _~-----, [__-</p><p>____ Which way should we go? I 7 ' or f 7 or - 1 ' G, 7</p><p>‘-_-' There are four umbrellas here. IL _!_ '_ __l'_ _l'_</p><p>I tall are you?" "l'm five feet 'lEI." (5 feet ‘ID inches or 1.?E.l meters}</p><p>. big is the house?" “Not very big."</p><p>old is your mother?" "She's 45."</p><p>often do you use your car?" "Every day."</p><p>long have they been married?” "Ten years."</p><p>much was the ta:-ti?" "Twenty dollars."</p><p>questions -Ir Units 42-44 How long does it take--. I -I Unit es which one(s} -I Unit 1'3</p><p>r</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write questions with what.</p><p>'U"'i.LI"l-ll*-l-..-I-ill"--'l—l</p><p>This shirt is nice. (size?)</p><p>I want a job. (kind?)</p><p>I bought a new sweater. (color?) What</p><p>I like music. (type?)</p><p>I want to buy a car. (kind?)</p><p>Complete the questions. Use Which . . . ?</p><p>I got up early this morning. (time?) get up?</p><p>.-'</p><p>-"</p><p>.I.I.l?.l.'!-.‘i!'IiI.'?.5!IJi'.. should we go?</p><p>1' .</p><p>rrieiireei ""</p><p>\ l 1'</p><p>do you want to see?</p><p>1* ll</p><p>"I.</p><p>.' .'i-‘ii-vfi.-I" ..L .-I‘:-:?.1| I. _r -I-</p><p>-; . -'</p><p>goes downtown?</p><p>Write whatfwhichfwho.</p><p>1 is that man's name?</p><p>2 Ih'.hi.oh..... way should we go? Left or right?</p><p>"-.Ell'ClCI“-J</p><p>is more expensive, meat or fish</p><p>is older, Lia or Mike?</p><p>T ff ? f r? kind of camera do you have?</p><p>..-..day is it today?” Friday." 10 AI I have three cameras.</p><p>3 ea or co ee do you pre e</p><p>4 “</p><p>is your favorite sport? B: . ._ . camera do you use most?</p><p>6 This isanice office. ., deskis yours? 11 ...... ............ .. nationality are you?</p><p>Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb ljhighflong, etc.).</p><p>El"'-ll-.-I‘?-I‘-'.'-.li..i-.lI-l"-.ll--II</p><p>.. is Ivlount Everest? Giver 29,000 feet.</p><p>.. _ .. is it to the station? Almost two miles.</p><p>.. is Helen? She's 25.</p><p>do the buses run? Every 10 minutes.</p><p>. is the water in the pool? Seven feet.</p><p>have you lived here? Almost three years.</p><p>Write questions with How . . . ?</p><p>1 Are you five feet nine? Five feet ten? Five feet eleven? . ..lT‘.l.i2?ll?\?..'l?.i?i.ll .a.re.srsu.?..</p><p>2 ls this boa one kilogram? Two? Three?</p><p>3 Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?</p><p>4 Did you spend $20? $30? $50?</p><p>5 Do you watch W every clay? Once a week? Never?</p><p>I5 ls it 2,000 miles from New York to Los Angeles? 2,500? 3,000?</p><p>....-..-..-......-....-.........-...-..-.........-..-|.|.l.1.-.-.|-.......-.l.|.l...l|l.l|-llllll ll I l'll.ll1"".-llll'lIlI'l""</p><p>Howlongdoesittaketogetlrom...to...?</p><p>I-low long does it take to get from New York to</p><p>him Washington, D.C., by plane?</p><p>J, I</p><p>at ,-" It takes an hour.</p><p>I.y</p><p>‘Fri: 'l".- “</p><p>How long does it take to get from Los Angeies to New York by train?</p><p>It takes several days to get from Los Angeles to New York by train.</p><p>l'_." How long does it take to get from your house to the airport by car?</p><p>=I_I'- lt takes ten minutes to get from my house to the airport by car.</p><p>How long does it take to do something?</p><p>g 1 _ . l|i-- -i -</p><p>takes 5 a week ' i</p><p>took l a long time , i</p><p>will take l three hours ' '</p><p>ittaketo.... ' '</p><p>| does I 2</p><p>' How long did</p><p>l "will</p><p>? I jt I _ _</p><p>doesn t | . I</p><p>--" l l"--i--" " - _dicln't jtake llong _</p><p>i i,won't 1</p><p>_ __ .1 -mi ' __ ii _ ._.____%</p><p>-7 How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship?</p><p>"l_-? "l came by train.“ "You did? How long did it take (to get here)?"</p><p>ll! How long will it take to get from here to the hotel?</p><p>='I_Ti It takes a long time to learn a language.</p><p>If -3 It doesn't take long to make an omelet.</p><p>I'_.i it won't take long to fiit the computer.</p><p>How long does it take you to do something?</p><p>I started reading the book on Monday.</p><p>I finished it on Wednesday evening.</p><p>It took me three days to read it.</p><p>‘Ti How long will it take me to learn to drive?</p><p>F .</p><p>- -—i -if-_-_.. I - _.i_ . L</p><p>l : l 'Idoes , ‘you</p><p>Howlong iclid Iittake Torn |to...?</p><p>lwill j_ _ _ Ethem j______</p><p>takes ' me a week</p><p>It |took lTom Ialongtime to-..</p><p>".-.-= It takes Tom 20 minutes to get to work in the morning.</p><p>5:1 It took us an hour to do the shopping.</p><p>‘Ill Did it take you a long time to find a job?</p><p>If it will take me an hour to oook dinner.</p><p>lwilltake'them lthree hours |</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Look at the pictures and write questions with How long . . . ?</p><p>|"\-i,_I_‘li</p><p>‘... ..</p><p>F</p><p>""1 HHATTA.E</p><p>HID DE l l</p><p>JAHEIRID -</p><p>KTUTU l -</p><p>EA H</p><p>%</p><p>ggTDKYO</p><p>..lFl'l'. AIRL</p><p>i iii</p><p>"1-in</p><p>i-</p><p>1.11"‘</p><p>fi .. . _ ___ _ __</p><p>. tlo.rt.isns.dos.s..is.sa.ks..1so.ast..f1:~am.Ellesis..Ja.iielta.I;?a.LI.iria..lai.t?ias.a?.. .. ..</p><p>I-..|-I</p><p>-I1</p><p>How long does it take to do these things? Write complete sentences.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>fly from your cityfcountry to Los Angeles</p><p>.. Tl</p><p>fly from your cityicountry to Australia</p><p>become a doctor in your country</p><p>walk from your home to the nearest supermarket</p><p>get from your house to the nearest airport</p><p>Write questions with How long did it take . . . ?</p><p>1</p><p>I</p><p>(lane found a job.) .-...-.I:I.oiit.Iono..d.i.d..ifs.?I;alse..tiet.1aa.fi.nd.a_joIa'?.-..-..-.........</p><p>(I walked to the station.) you</p><p>3 (Tom painted the bathroom.)</p><p>-'-I</p><p>5</p><p>(I learned to ski.) ..</p><p>(They repaired the car.)</p><p>@ Read the situations and write sentences with It took . . ..</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>I read a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. I finished it three days later.</p><p>We walked home last night. We left at 10:00. and we got home at 10:20.</p><p>I learned to drive last year. I had my first driving lesson in January. I passed my driving test sii-:</p><p>months later.</p><p>Mark drove to Houston yesterday. He left home at I00 and got to Houston at 10:00.</p><p>Lisa began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a job last week.</p><p>Write o sentence about yourself</p><p>Do you know where</p><p>I don t know what e c</p><p>Doyou know _ _</p><p>“sharia ugaigy We say" Where is Lisa?</p><p>u Do you know where Lisa is?</p><p>(not Do you know where is Lisa?)</p><p>In the</p><p>same way we say</p><p>I know where Lisa is.</p><p>I don t know where Lisa is-</p><p>Can you tell me where Lisa is?</p><p>How old is Nicole? Du you km“ ' h‘-7"""' Did Nl'E°l'? l5</p><p>Ci" ‘rflll liflll IT"? what time it isWhat time is it?</p><p>Where can I go?</p><p>h h ?</p><p>__ where I can go</p><p>how much this camera isHow muc is t is camera I know</p><p>When are ou Ieavin town? Y‘-'l?EI? Y???-I "I? ll-=1-ii"-'|I'IE II???-‘I?It th i cl? I don t know</p><p>How long ave ey een marrie ‘dun t remember</p><p>What was Anna wearing</p><p>how long they have been married</p><p>what Anna was wearing</p><p>Where does he Iiye ?</p><p>Compare</p><p>Compare _ _</p><p>whg are those Pegphy,-.~ u I who those people are</p><p>_:i</p><p>Questions with doldoesidid (simple present and simple post)</p><p>but Do you know where he lives ? (not Do you know where does he live?)</p><p>How do airplanes Fly? I? ' D" I???" l<?"?W how airplanes fly</p><p>What does Emily want? I don t know what Emily wants I</p><p>Wh d d she o home? I don't remember why she went home ~</p><p>Where did I put the key? I know where I put the key</p><p>if l S</p><p>Questions beginning ls ? I Do ? ,1’ Can ?, etc. (yes?no questions)</p><p>Compare</p><p>ls lack at home? u</p><p>Have they got a car?</p><p>Can Kevin swirn?</p><p>Do they live near here? I | dung gnu“, whether</p><p>Did anybody see you?</p><p>Do you know</p><p>lack is at home</p><p>they've got a car</p><p>Kevin can swim</p><p>_</p><p>--I</p><p>they live near here</p><p>anybody saw you</p><p>You can use if or whether in these sentences</p><p>_ Do you know if they ve got a car? or</p><p>Do you know whether they ve got a car?</p><p>.1, I dori t know if anybody saw me or</p><p>I don t know whether anybody saw me</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Answer these questions with l don't know wherefwhenfwhy e</p><p>ti!"-.1-.-I"i-I't--L.i-1|‘-.:l-I</p><p>oirl your friends go home? (where) I dont know where 1'-her? Went</p><p>Is Sue in her office? (where) I don t know</p><p>ls the building very old?</p><p>Will ivlatt be here soon?</p><p>Was he angry because I was late?</p><p>Has Emily lived here along time?</p><p>how old)</p><p>when)</p><p>‘E:r</p><p>how long)</p><p>Complete the sentences.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>I-J-I</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>I5</p><p>(How do airplanes fly?) Do you know ......horr..aI.i?pla0s.s-.0y.........-....-..</p><p>(Where does Susan work?) I don't know. . . .</p><p>(What did Michael say?) Do you remember .. .. ..</p><p>(Why did he go home early?) I don't know ..</p><p>(What time does the meeting begin?) Do you know</p><p>(How did the accident happen?) I don't remember</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>s</p><p>Z?</p><p>Do you know what time (it is is right)</p><p>Why are you 1 you are leaving?</p><p>I don't know where are they 1 they are going.</p><p>Can you tell me where js the museum I the museum is?</p><p>Where do you want jf you want to go for vacation?</p><p>Do you know what do elephants eat 3 elephants eat?</p><p>I don't know how far is it jj it is from the hotel to the station.</p><p>Write questions with Do you know if. . . ‘I’</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>(Do they have a car?) ......l§?0.1i?00..ls0s???..if.1;h.£?sf. l?0.t'£‘f= rTl..0??.r?. . ..</p><p>(Are they married?) Do you know . .. ..... ..</p><p>(Does Sue know Bill?)</p><p>(Will losh be here tomorrow?)</p><p>(Did he pass his exam?) -. .</p><p>Write questions beginning Do you know . . . ?</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>6</p><p>F</p><p>{What does Laura want?) .. ....l;?o.you..kn.on..what.La.ura..waii.ts.'?.-.. .. ..</p><p>(Where is Hannah?) Do.......-..</p><p>(Is she working today?) .. .. .. ..</p><p>(What time does she start work?)</p><p>(Are the banks open tomorrow?)</p><p>(Where do Sarah and Tom live?)</p><p>(Did they go to Megan's party?)</p><p>l.Jse your own ideas to complete these sentences.</p><p>“l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>Do you know why...</p><p>Do you know what time</p><p>E:-icuse me, can you tell me where</p><p>I don't know what</p><p>Do you know ..</p><p>Do you know how much</p><p>She said that . . . He told me that . . ..</p><p>Last week you went to a party. A lot of your friends Today you see Dan. You tell him about the party.</p><p>were there. Here are some things they said to you: You tell Dan what your friends said:</p><p>t, | I1? EHIBYIHB "1? "EW lfll? 3: -‘ Allison said that she was enjoying</p><p>31,-11 her new job</p><p>Ml’ fafhfr '5" t “Elf h""f'f'i" . ie jQ W“ if? She said that her lather wasn't</p><p>.-"lil..l.l5Ul"-ii wig“?</p><p>__, _-_ i--it —- _‘I' i.'—-I - -' —</p><p>... W‘ "ll E‘-7""'E "5-' I 7 Sarah and Tom said that they</p><p>bull 3 house are —> were were going to buy a house.</p><p>SARAH TOM</p><p>ihaw to |ga._,E Early --- Aaron said that he had to leave</p><p>hayg early.</p><p>My sister has been ha_-5 j _f had Y] He said that his sister had been</p><p>aefitou to Australia to Australia</p><p>Ian t find a Mb can _} could _. “ Kati; said that she couldn't find</p><p>a jo .</p><p>KATE</p><p>\ , -I _-= Eric said that he would callwill -1- would</p><p>rilll</p><p>ERIC</p><p>I don t like my job .'_'.1 Rachel said that she didn't like</p><p>dn , her job.</p><p>Mr we doesn t ,_1,,,gj""' ‘lid She said their her son didn't like</p><p>RACHEL “kl? ?'5l'“5*‘3*l school.</p><p>“Du junk tired look —:l looked ' Mike said that I looked tired.</p><p>é feel, —i~ felt. '.' -= I said that I felt fine-</p><p>Mm; . etc. etc.</p><p>mu (present) (post)</p><p>say and tell</p><p>say (-1- said) tell (-1 told)</p><p>-"DI He said that he was tired. 1.1 He told me that he was tired.</p><p>(not He said rne) (not He told that)</p><p>-"What did she say to you? 1.? What did she tell you?</p><p>(not say you) 2 (not tell to you)</p><p>We say he said to me, I said to Ann, etc. We say he told me, I told Ann. etc.</p><p>i (not "he said me," "I said Ann") (not "he told to me," "I told to Anni’)</p><p>l</p><p>You can say:</p><p>'I'._.* He said that he was tired. or He said he was tired. (without that)</p><p>l '11- Kate told me that she couldn't find a job. or Kate told me she couldn't find a job</p><p>Itold you to...-I Unit 51</p><p>irLai:iguage.com</p><p>Read what these people say and write sentences with Hei5hei'They said (that) . . . .</p><p>‘I ;’r§__ll~ rm El-'l':'l(l"'5 mi’ new lob: E ~=~=-= I don t feel very well</p><p>riffs. '</p><p>.. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..</p><p>3 @ I can't go to the party. S I've never played soccer</p><p>4 _ I have to go out. 9 5?? I'm going to buy a guitar</p><p>-</p><p>'1‘? an</p><p>5 l'rn learning Russian. 10 ’ edon't have a ke</p><p>'</p><p>E</p><p>Well be home late</p><p>Use the pictures to complete the sentences. l?L?1?E-"BBB-‘-?l?'"?</p><p>-_, :_- " “\_‘ii’ ~ __ 3 iviiitt</p><p>Imeiinrifle ..e-? |',,',",,""t'mynewjola "-":’?'- ?"?"</p><p>km“ can I'll eensl you</p><p>aw H2 a poetca rel. I</p><p>MATT jNATALIE</p><p>lid __! i 9 I. “— -- I m going to</p><p>l the movies-1.</p><p>He went home =</p><p>_l MARY'\__.-- . - JESSICA . as:-at-_...</p><p>I I met Allison last week. She said . ..</p><p>2 Emily didn't want anything to eat. She said</p><p>3 I wanted to borrow Mike's ladder, but he said</p><p>4 Hannah was invited to the party. but she said</p><p>5 Natalie told me she didn't want the picture. She said</p><p>6 Matt just left on vacation. Hesaid</p><p>Ti‘ I was looking for Robert. lessica said</p><p>8 “Why did David stay home?" "He said “</p><p>9 "Did Mary go out?" "I think so. She said "</p><p>Write sayisaid or tellitold.</p><p>"I Hehe was tired. I-‘ The woman she was a reporter.</p><p>2 What did she you? 0 The woman .. .. us she was a</p><p>3 Anna she didn't like Jake. reporter.</p><p>4 jack ................................... me that you were sick. 9 They asked me a lot of questions, but I didn't</p><p>S Pleasedon't Dan what them anything.</p><p>happened. 10 They asked me a lot of questions, but I didn't</p><p>6 Did Sarah she would be late? . anything.</p><p>Ila“ _</p><p>EMILYAl.LlSDl~.I _</p><p>ii. 1-. L .</p><p>Ii I don t I--_</p><p>want 17-o go</p><p>HA HNAH</p><p>r- I-I</p><p>Wheres Robert?</p><p>might ‘Q-'</p><p>may -- -'</p><p>' can --</p><p>could</p><p>_-i--._</p><p>must '.._.'</p><p>- should _ I</p><p>‘ would l ':-“l</p><p>i</p><p>(simple post)</p><p>I</p><p>work/working go/going do/doing</p><p>workigoibe, etc. (boseforrn)</p><p>willilcanimust. etc. + boseforni:</p><p>' will "-:'- Anna will he here soon. -2 U05? 35</p><p>I might call you later. } _} Unit 2?</p><p>May I sit here?</p><p>I can't meet you tomorrow. } _} Unit 28</p><p>Could you pass the salt, please?</p><p>It's late. You must he tired. -1 Unit 29</p><p>You shouldn't work so hard. —i Unit 30</p><p>Would you like some coffee? —a Unit 32</p><p>I I</p><p>'l- ' j</p><p>I |</p><p>L .-</p><p>1'7 Helen doesn't know many people.</p><p>_ How much does it cost?</p><p>I What time did the train leave? -1? Unit 12</p><p>_ We didn t sleep well</p><p>I</p><p>In</p><p>!</p><p>(I) have to - ..</p><p>l (I) want to. ..</p><p>(I) used to.-.</p><p>(I'm) going to . . . ="_"-I I'm going to play tennis tomorrow.</p><p>II‘ What are you going to do?</p><p>-If I have to go now.</p><p>1:‘? Everybody has to eat.</p><p>‘:1 Do you want to go out?</p><p>-It They don't want to come with us.</p><p>F</p><p>l (I) would like to . . . i_l3' I'd like to talk to you.</p><p>JIf would you like to go out?</p><p>Ci Dave used to work in a factory.</p><p>'L'_Y- What time are you going out?</p><p>I-__l.,. ‘H</p><p>irLanguage.eee.</p><p>verbs + to . . - and -ing (I want to do I I enjoy doing) ‘I Unit 50 go + -01$ '9 Uflll 53</p><p>doidoesidid + boseform</p><p>{simple present) : They don"t work very hard</p><p>I lf_;.:"ji _ 1</p><p>-</p><p>to work I to go i to he. etc. (to + boseform)</p><p>-—-it Unit 25</p><p>-a Unit 31</p><p>--} Unit 50</p><p>—-} Unit 32</p><p>—-ii Unit 15</p><p>workingjgoingiplaylng. etc</p><p>amlisiare + -ing Please be quiet I'm working. —i- Units 3-4 8 24</p><p>I (F1-rgggjril; ggfltjnupug) l_.‘ TDITI lifllt ['DClH‘y'.</p><p>wasiwere + -ing fl? It was raining. so we didn't go out. -—-ii Units 13-14</p><p>_ (post continuous) -.__.I' What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday?</p><p>ti,-lf'?LPl(:Jf3,r":.-fjgi-f-in</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Complete the sentences. Write: . . . call Dan or . . . to call Dan.</p><p>1 rll a [Jo you haye.............</p><p>a l'rn going ....laa.eai.l..iZ?an....-..-. 7' ‘1’oushould-..........-</p><p>3 Can Dan?3 Iwant</p><p>4 5hould|........-.. 9 lmight......-....-......</p><p>5 I'd like 10 Could</p><p>@ Complete the sentences with a verb from the boat. Sometimes you need the base form</p><p>(workfgo, etc.) and sometimes you need -ing (worltingfgoing, etc.).</p><p>Hdordoing getfgetting -sI-eep,»'sIeeping- watchiwatching R"-</p><p>eatfeating gm’going stay!staying we-arfwearing</p><p>flilyjflying listenflistening waitfwaiting -wofl-dwadéisg-__f,-’</p><p>1 Please be quiet. rm</p><p>2 I feel tired today. I didn’t ...‘-.=-‘.=!l.~$.fi|£é‘.......-..-. yery well last night.</p><p>3 What time do you usually up in the morning?</p><p>4 "Where are you ?" "To the oFF:ce."</p><p>5 Did you Ty’ last night?</p><p>6 Look at that plane! It's low.</p><p>T You can turn off the music. l’mnotto it.</p><p>8 They didn’t anything because they weren't hungry.</p><p>9 My friends were for me when I arriyed.</p><p>10 “Does Susan always glasses?" "No. only for reading."</p><p>11 "What are you tonight?" "l'rn .. _. .. hcirne_"</p><p>Put the yerb in the correct form. Choose from:</p><p>base form (worldgo, etc.) or</p><p>to + base form (to work,-’to go. etc.) or</p><p>-ing (workinglgoing. etc.)</p><p>1 Should |.....-:!I?P§fl..........thE window? (open)</p><p>2 It's late. I have ~3.='.?i..,,,,now. (go)</p><p>3 Amanda isn't this week. She's on vacation. (work)</p><p>4 I'm tired. ldon’twant out. (go)</p><p>5 It might . . so take an umbrella with you. (rain)</p><p>6 What time do you have tomorrow morning? (leave)</p><p>3* I'm sorry I you.(help)</p><p>8 My brother is a student. physics. (study)</p><p>9 Would you Iike........ .. ........on a trip around the world? (go)</p><p>10 When you saw Maria. what was she ?(wear)</p><p>11 When you go to London. where are you going ?(stay)</p><p>12 "Wheres Josh?” "He's a bath.” (take)</p><p>13 Iusecl................-..............-..-.........-.acar. butl sold it last year. (have)</p><p>14 He spoke yery quietly. Icouldn't him. (hear)</p><p>15 You don't look well. I don’t think you should to work today. (go)</p><p>15 I don’t know what he said. Iwasn’t to him. (listen)</p><p>1? I missed the bus and had . .. home. (walk)</p><p>18 .. .......what happened. Please tell me. (know)</p><p>19 this book? (borrow)</p><p>2E1 Medical students must courses in biology and chemistry. (take)</p><p>to . . . (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing)</p><p>Do you like getting up early? or Do you ‘hke to get up early?</p><p>refe I b I refertotravelb car</p><p>. .</p><p>verbs + to . . . (I want to do)</p><p>want plan decide try</p><p>hope expect offer forget + to...(to dorto work! to be.etc.)</p><p>need promise refuse learn</p><p>What do you want to do tonight?</p><p>Ci It's not very late. We don't need to go home yet.</p><p>'Rachel decided to sell her car.</p><p>.'.'.T You forgot to turn off the light when you went out.</p><p>Q? My brother is learningto drive.</p><p>=.I.'_'.' I tried to read my book. but I was too tired.</p><p>verbs + -ing (I enjoy doing)</p><p>' II . . . .frat: suggest + -lug (dolnglworklnglbemg. etlc.) I d -</p><p>EH EHIISII1(J9?! EH.</p><p>=' 7 lenjoy dancing (not enjoy to dance]</p><p>-1:11 I don't mind getting up early.</p><p>I Did it stop mining?</p><p>..= Tara suggested going to the movies.</p><p>verbs + -ing or to . . .</p><p>like love startprefer ham begin continue + -ing (doing. etc.) or to...(to do.etc.)</p><p>; I I I</p><p>W--—' I +</p><p>Ip rtraveing ycar. or p y .</p><p>Anna loves dancing or Anna loves to dance</p><p>I hate betng late or I hate to be late</p><p>It started rammg. or It started to ram</p><p>would like to . . ., etc.</p><p>ldl'k ldl:::‘d igrzfer :::|d liiz + to...(to do! to work! to be.etc.)</p><p>Iulia would like to meet you.</p><p>..?? I'd love to go to Australia. (I'd = I wouid)</p><p>"Would you like to sit down?“ “I‘-lo, I'd prefer to stand. thank you.“</p><p>QT I like this apartment. I wouldn't like to move.</p><p>I live in a small town. Iii hate to live in a big city.</p><p>would like -I Unit 32 Iwant you to . . . -I Unit 51 go + -ing -I Unit 53 preposition + -ing -I Unit ‘I10</p><p>Exercises</p><p>50 1 Put the verb in the right form to . . or -ing.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>i5</p><p>I"</p><p>50 I Complete the sentences using to . . or -ing Use these verbs</p><p>I enjoy ¢l?=????-?'"iEl (dance) The weather was nice. so I suggested</p><p>What do you want ?T*i?i??=1? for a walk by the river (go)</p><p>tonight? (do) Wheres Bill? He promised</p><p>Goodbye‘ I hope you again here on time (be)</p><p>soon (see) lm not in a hurry I dont mind</p><p>I learned when I was wait</p><p>five years old (swim) What did you decide ? do</p><p>Did you Finish e losh was very angry and refused</p><p>kitchen? (clean) to me (speak)</p><p>Wheres Anna? I need lm tired Iwant to bed (go)</p><p>her something (ask) I was very upset and started cry</p><p>Do you enjoy other Im trying (work) Please</p><p>countries? (visit) stop talk</p><p>l:—gis go help lose rain read se send wait watchl</p><p>j ii I-</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>I5</p><p>F’</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>Complete the answers to the questions</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>"-JII'J"iL.I"‘I.I;'-.</p><p>Have you ever been to Australia?“ No but Id love toga</p><p>Lia had a lot to do so I offered e</p><p>I m surprised that you re here I didn t expect ou</p><p>I“-.licoIe has a lot of books She enjoys</p><p>This ring was my grandmothers Id hate</p><p>Don t Forget us a postcard when you re on vacation</p><p>I m not going out until it stops</p><p>What should we do this afternoon? Would you like to the beach?</p><p>When lm tired in the evening. I like</p><p>Do you want to go now?" No Id prefer a few minutes</p><p>Do you usually get up early? Yes I like 1509-95 "I? Barbi’</p><p>Do you ever go to museums? Yes. I love</p><p>Would you like to go to a No, I m hungry Id prefer</p><p>museum now? to a restaurant</p><p>Do you drive a lot? No I don t like</p><p>Have you ever been to Rome? No but Id love one day</p><p>Do you ever travel by train? Yes I enjoy</p><p>Do you want to walk home or I don t mind but a</p><p>take a taxi? taxi would be quicker</p><p>Complete these sentences Write about yourself Useto . - - or -ing</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>I enjoy</p><p>I don t like</p><p>If its a nice day tomorrow Id like</p><p>When I m on vacation. I like</p><p>I dont mind ut</p><p>I wouldnt like6</p><p>-Ilidnitiusalenierciiellijingeliil</p><p>Iwantyouto... Itoldyouto...</p><p>lwantyouiio...</p><p>The woman wants to leave.</p><p>_ Fm ' ._ The man doesn't want the woman to leave.</p><p>? _ He wants her to stay.</p><p>Please don't leave. "i;__ ‘-it - We say</p><p>I you E</p><p>i Iwant y somebody I todo something</p><p>Sarah I 5</p><p>I . I 1-iih ' — ——i----- "W</p><p>"II I want you to be happy. (not I want that you are happy)</p><p>fl They didn't want anybody to know their secret.</p><p>i_.i Do you want me to lend you some money.</p><p>We use would like in the same way:</p><p>Would you like me to lend you some money?</p><p>We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to . . .) with:</p><p>verb + somebody + to . . .</p><p>ask I Sue asked a friend to lend her some money. I</p><p>tell I I told you tobe careful.</p><p>advise l What do you advise me to do? 2</p><p>expect I didn't expect them to be here.</p><p>persuade i We persuaded Chris to come with us. 5</p><p>teach E I am teaching my brother to swim.</p><p>Don 1; wait. for me. ‘___</p><p>ltoldyouto ...i'Itol~dyounotto</p><p>MEGAN NICK SUE</p><p>i Megan told me to wait for her. Hick told Sue not to wait for him.</p><p>-a</p><p>malte and let</p><p>After make and let. we do not use to:</p><p>He's very funny. He rnaltu me laugh. (not makes me to laugh)</p><p>At school our teacher made us work very hard.</p><p>C." I didn't have my phone with me, so Sue let me use hers. (not let me to use)</p><p>You can say let's. . . (= Let us) when you want people to do things with you;</p><p>Come on! l.et’s danicie.</p><p>Do you want to go out tonight?” "lilo. I'm tired. Let's stay home.’</p><p>l.et's-.. -Itlnitaii I-letoldmetliat...-l~Unit4B</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences beginning! want you . . . I I don't want you . . . I Do you want me . . . ?</p><p>1 (come with me)</p><p>(listen carefully] I want</p><p>please don't be angry)</p><p>I don't</p><p>should I wait for you?) Do you</p><p>on't call me tonight)</p><p>ou should meet Sarah)ITILI-..il"I-I5!‘-li.i"-ill"--ll" ,.-—-...---t.---ta-'-'-."'='Il'.l</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.</p><p>Can you help me?</p><p>__.-P" M-</p><p>I'll? Ci-?"“@ '?'"I l-"55 Wheres the station? — I"? '-ilflk</p><p>go to the movlesl</p><p>It s a good movie Turn left-after</p><p>the l:=r'Idgs I</p><p>You should go |</p><p>ootoUm...uh wthed "- I</p><p>KEWH LAUREN- M</p><p>DAN YOU TUU YDU</p><p>" '§..= I'm busy now. (I.-an I use ydur</p><p>Corrie back in phone? '</p><p>Don t call</p><p>before 5:00.</p><p>I '1 D minutes_ Yes rriymother</p><p>you 0fwu|_5E_ taught me.</p><p>.-r" 1</p><p>roivi you iuvoy you sus you snug,»</p><p>1 Dan persuaded</p><p>2 I wanted to get to the station. A woman told</p><p>3 Kevin was sick. I advised</p><p>4 Lauren had a lot of luggage. She asked</p><p>5 I was too busy to talk to Tom. I told</p><p>6 I wanted to make a phone call. Andy let .</p><p>1? Sue is going to call me later. I told</p><p>8 Anna's mother taught ..</p><p>Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go I to wait.</p><p>etc); sometimes to is not necessary (gofwait, etc.).</p><p>Ji</p><p>(anive borrow get go -l-emre- l‘l'IiiliiE repeat tell tlllfllt waits</p><p>1 Please stay here. I don't want you .... ..T:§?.l?§€slF.fii .... .. yet.</p><p>2 I didn't hear what she said, so I asked her it.</p><p>3 "Should we begin?" "No. let's a few minutes."</p><p>4 Are they already here? I expected them much later.</p><p>S Kevin's parents didn't wanthim married.</p><p>6 I want to stay here. You can't make me with you.</p><p>Y “ls that your bike?" "No. it's 1ohn's. He let me it."</p><p>3 Rachel can't come to the party. She toldme you.</p><p>9 Would you like something to drink? Would you like me .. . some coffee?</p><p>10 "Kate doesn't like me." "What makesyou that?"</p><p>Do you play the piano?</p><p>ii?-in</p><p>I I</p><p>Sofia wanted some fruit.</p><p>so she went to the store.</p><p>Why did she go to the store?</p><p>To get some fruit.</p><p>She went to the store to get</p><p>some fruit.</p><p>(er</p><p>,....-I</p><p>air.</p><p>If 1|</p><p>to . .. (to get I to see. etc.) tells us why a person does something:</p><p>Ci "Why are you going out?“ “To buy some bread."</p><p>C1 Amy went to the station to meet her friend.</p><p>5;? Sue turned on the Ty’ to watch the news.</p><p>ill" I'd like to go to Mexico to learn Spanish.</p><p>moneyltin-ie to {do something)</p><p>lg? We need some money to buy food.</p><p>Li I don't have time to watch TV.</p><p>to...andfor...</p><p>to + verb</p><p>(to get I to see. etc.)</p><p>Ci I went to the store to get some</p><p>fruit. (not for get)</p><p>-3:1! They're going to Brazil to see their</p><p>friends.</p><p>i'.Ql= We need some money to buy food.</p><p>wait [or . . . :</p><p>Li Please wait for me.</p><p>Ll‘ Are you waiting for the bus?</p><p>wait to {do something):</p><p>Li I'm waitingto talk to the manager.</p><p>-Ii Are you waiting to see the doctor?</p><p>wait for (somebodyi'something} to . . . :</p><p>E? The light is red. You have to wait for it to change.</p><p>C‘ Are you waiting for the doctor to come?</p><p>go to . . . and go for. . . -Ii Unit 53 soi-nothing to eat I nothing to do. etc. -Ii Unit 77</p><p>enough + toifor . . . -I Unit B9 too + tollior. . .-I Unit!)</p><p>for + noun</p><p>(for food I for a newspaper, etc.)</p><p>'-i. ___ _-</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>H-</p><p>_-i--_</p><p>.:-"'I""'-"'ji'i</p><p>In</p><p>Iiii</p><p>-"=‘~:/’</p><p>3 I went to the store for some fruit.</p><p>-' They're going to Brazil for a vacation.</p><p>T.’</p><p>-._i We need some money for food</p><p>They're waiting for the light</p><p>to change.</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences beginningl went to . . . . Choose from the boxes.</p><p>‘Fa coffee shop M ._ I 1'] f buy some food get some medicine‘</p><p>l.__Rtl1e drugstore the supermarket y + meet a friend - ‘I.</p><p>I—r-I 1.1-—I| ._i \H‘-“- -"'-J</p><p>1 ......I..iirei.'it..t-o.tI:ie.po:et.offioe..to.-ma.iI..a.paoliaa-.i:..-.-..--.....</p><p>2 Iwent</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.</p><p>i |i|</p><p>to get some fresh air to read the newspaper to wake him up ill</p><p>“to open this door to see who it was ;iyl</p><p>1 I turned on the Ty</p><p>2 Rachel sat down in an armchair</p><p>3 Do I need akey</p><p>4 I went for a walk by the river</p><p>5 I knocked on the door of David's room</p><p>6 The doorbell rang sol looked out the window</p><p>Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to . . . .</p><p>1 I went to the store</p><p>2 I'm very busy. I don't have time.........,,.,..</p><p>3 I calledAnna</p><p>4 I'm going out ..</p><p>S I borrowed some money ,</p><p>Write to or for.</p><p>1 I went to the store get some bread.</p><p>2 We went to a restaurant have dinner.</p><p>3 Robert wants to go to college study economics.</p><p>4 I'm going to Boston aninterview next week.</p><p>5 I'm going to Toronto visit some friends of mine.</p><p>IS Do you have time .. .. . . a cup of coffee?</p><p>2 I got up late this morning. I didn't have time comb my hair.</p><p>R Everybody needs money live.</p><p>9 We didn't have any money a taxi, so we walked home.</p><p>ll] The office is very small. There's only enough room a desk and chair.</p><p>11 iii: Excuse me. are you waiting use the photocopier?</p><p>a: hlo. I'm finished thanks.</p><p>Complete these sentences. Choose from:</p><p>[ itftoarrive yiiurceiiiiie -ie+ea-eii-.~iiga"'_£iiemevierbegin]</p><p>1 We stopped at the light andwaited</p><p>2 I sat down in the movie theater and waited</p><p>3 We called an ambulance and waited</p><p>4 "Do you know what to do?" "lilo. I'm waiting.</p><p>go on</p><p>goto (gotowork,'goto5an Franciscoigotoaconceitetc)</p><p>_ What time do you usually go to work?</p><p>I m going to China next week ___</p><p>"_ Emma didn't want to go to the concert so to g</p><p>What time did you go to bed last night? -</p><p>I went to the dentist yesterday -</p><p>go to sleep = start to sleep</p><p>_ I was very tired and went to sleep early</p><p>go home (without to)</p><p>F I'm going home now (not going to home)</p><p>$00!‘!</p><p>]...l- is-..</p><p>r'</p><p>"- St.‘-"r"" _“‘___</p><p>T"‘</p><p>‘Cl?_-l"_.ii1-\':"'</p><p>¢_..-r-I-ii-.;|,i-fl-;I'-""1-I—':i</p><p>s-ii;£1-1*--'l':h--riiIE</p><p>I</p><p>.ii‘-i*3."</p><p>I.II</p><p>vacation</p><p>a trip</p><p>a tour</p><p>a cruise</p><p>strike ll_ _ __ _</p><p>go for</p><p>go (somewhere) for</p><p>a walk Where s Anna?" She went for a walkarun - g</p><p>i _ __ _</p><p>go + ing</p><p>We use go + -ing for many sports (swiminingiskiing, etc) and also shopping.</p><p>W _—?shoppingT</p><p>_ We re going on vacation next week</p><p>_ Children often go on school trips.</p><p>When we were in Egypt, we went on a tour of the Pyramids</p><p>S Workers at the airport went on stnke</p><p>(= the refused to work)</p><p>3 Swim _ Do you go for a ri.in every morning</p><p>The water looks nice I m going for a swimlunch -_ Should we go out for dinner? I know a good restaurantdinner etc .</p><p>I m going skiingIs</p><p>he is going fishing</p><p>o swimming |</p><p>we went sailing</p><p>they have gone skiing</p><p>she wants to go jflflglflg</p><p>running etc |</p><p>__ Are you going shopping this afternoon?</p><p>1 it s a nice day Let's go swimming</p><p>(or Let's go for a swim )</p><p>Richard has a small boat and he often goes sailing</p><p>_. I went running before breakfast this morning</p><p>Z D</p><p>Qcrrgr</p><p>irLanguage com</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write toronffor where necessary.</p><p>1 I m going .... .... .. China next week.</p><p>2 }ames often goes sailing. (no preposition)</p><p>3 Sue went Mexico last yeat</p><p>4 jack goes running every morning.</p><p>S I'm going out ................. .. a walk. Do you want to come?</p><p>I5 I'm tired because I went bed very late last night.</p><p>2 Ryan is going .. a trip ., Turkey next week.</p><p>3 The weather was warm. and the river was clean. so we went ................. -- a swim.</p><p>9 The taxi drivers went strike when I was in New York.</p><p>10 Let'sgo the movies tonight.</p><p>11 It's late. I have togohome now.</p><p>12 Would you like to go a tour of the city?</p><p>13 Do you want to go out dinner this evening?</p><p>14 My parents are going a cruise this summer.</p><p>Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use gofgoesilgoingfwent + -ing.</p><p>"Iii-'_T.Ii often ill lost Soturdoy ill’. every doy ‘iii next winter 2-Iii Inter</p><p>I | A</p><p>- l</p><p>I4-1-1 1'1: '</p><p>-:1 --;</p><p>ii-__ i</p><p>I.-I I</p><p>‘(R JAMES i'vl EGA I‘-I _I'DSH NICOLE E JUHH SARAH</p><p>1 James has a boat. He often</p><p>2 Last Saturday Megan ., .</p><p>3 Josh every clay.</p><p>ii Nicole is going to Colorado next wintet She is ..</p><p>5 lohn is going out later. He has to ..</p><p>6 Sarah .. . ., afizer work yesterday.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use toionffor if necessary.</p><p>in-swim-' vacation bed '</p><p>a walk home riding skiing college J</p><p>1 The water looks nice. Let's go......fi;lt.ai.ori?.lIII.,.. .</p><p>2 After finishing high school, Emma went ,, ,, , where she</p><p>studied psychology.</p><p>3 I'rn going now. I have to buy a few things.</p><p>4 I was very tired last night. I went early.</p><p>S I wasn't enjoying the party. so I went</p><p>early.</p><p>6 We live near the mountains. In the winter wego .. .almost</p><p>every weekend.</p><p>2 Tony has a horse. He goes .. .. .. a lot.</p><p>E It's a beautiful dayi Would you like to go . in the park?</p><p>ii A.‘ Are you soon?</p><p>e: Yes, next month. We're going We've never been</p><p>there before.</p><p>get + noun = receivefbuylfind, etc.</p><p>/ you get it</p><p>you don't have something x‘you have it</p><p>LIL I got an email from Sam this morning. (= receive)</p><p>LI? I like your sweatet Where did you get it? (= buy)</p><p>i. fi is it hard to get a job at the moment? (= find)</p><p>"Ii "Is Lia here?“ "Yes. I'll get her for you."</p><p>get hungry l’ get cold .1 get tired, etc. (get + adjective) = become</p><p>you get hungry</p><p>You're not hui'i£?"Ii? /-+ X l-'S?'~I 3"‘! l""-I"E"li‘</p><p>'5 If you don't eat. you get hungry.</p><p>-L- T Drink your coffee. it's getting cold.</p><p>2:? I'm sony your mother is siclc I hope she gets better soon.</p><p>'.- - It was raining very hard We didn't have an umbrella, so we got very wet.</p><p>olso get married =1. I’ Nicole and David are getting married soon.</p><p>get dressed (= put your clothes on) -_'.i I got up and got dressed quickly.</p><p>get lost (= lose your way) ":2 We didn't have a map. so we got Iosi;</p><p>get to a place = anive:</p><p>=I usually get to work before 3:30. (= arrive at work)</p><p>‘IT We left Boston at 10.15 and got to Ottawa at 11:45.</p><p>get herei’tl'iei'e (without to):</p><p>1'. How did you get here? By bus?</p><p>get home (without to):</p><p>What time did you get home last night?</p><p>get in,-’out,*'on loll‘</p><p>é</p><p>-1.</p><p>F1</p><p>-2 , L ___‘ -</p><p>get in (a car) get out (of a car) get on get off</p><p>(a bus I a trairi I a plane)</p><p>I I-(ate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say: I-iate got into the car and . ..)</p><p>:3 A car stopped and a man got out. (but A man got out of the car.)</p><p>f We got on the bus outside the hotel and got off at Church Street.</p><p>get to -Ii Unit 1I.'i6 infoutfonfolf-l Units 103,112 get up -I Unit ‘I12</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete these sentences. Use getfgets and choose from the boa.</p><p>_ _-\-</p><p>,-it a doc-tor a lot of rain another one -m=y-o|=na-i-l- the job Q“-1</p><p>i, a good salary a new computer a ticket some milk your boots</p><p>_.-"</p><p>1H_'— _n__ -—|. | I 'I- ——-— -—-- —-—— _</p><p>1 Did you .Qr‘-2l2..II15I..€EII1I§Ill ?I sent it a weei-t ago.</p><p>2 Where didyou.. They're really nice.</p><p>3 Quick! This man is sick. We have to.</p><p>4 I want to return this phone. It doesn’1: work. Can please?</p><p>S Tom has an interyiew tomorrow. I hope</p><p>5 When you go out, can you .. ?</p><p>I" "Are you going to the concert?" "Yes, if I can “</p><p>8 Hannah has a weI|—paicI job.</p><p>9 The weather is horrible here in the winter. We</p><p>10 I'm goingtoThe one I have is too slow.</p><p>Complete these sentences. Use getting + these words:</p><p>dark late married readytl</p><p>1 Drink your coffee.</p><p>2 Turn on the light.</p><p>3 "I’m neat week." “Really? Congratulations!"</p><p>4 "Where's Karen?“ "5he’s to go out."</p><p>5 It’s It's time to go home.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use getlgetslgot + these words:</p><p>" “H.</p><p>iikangry better -l=|-u-ng=y- lost married old wet El</p><p>1 If you don't eat, you</p><p>2 Don’: go out in the rain. You‘I| .</p><p>3 My brother last year: His wife's name is Sarah.</p><p>4 Dan is always yery calm. He neyer _, .. ..</p><p>5 We tried to find the hotel, but we ,,</p><p>6 Everybody wants to stay young, but weall</p><p>I’ Yesterday the weather wasn't so good at first, but it</p><p>during the day.</p><p>Write sentences with I left . . . and got to . . ..</p><p>1 home .1’ I30 —Ir work I 3:15</p><p>.</p><p>2 Toronto} 10:15 —s New Yorltf 12:00</p><p>I left Toronto at 10:15 and</p><p>3 the party! 11:15 —I> home ,1 midnight</p><p>4 Write o sentence about yourselfi</p><p>lleft</p><p>@ Write got in I got out off got on I got ofl‘.</p><p>1 Kate the car and droye away.</p><p>2 I the bus and walked to my house from the bus stop.</p><p>3 Dliyia the car, locked the doors, and went into a store.</p><p>4 I made a stupid mistake. I the wrong train.</p><p>Do is a general word for actions:</p><p>'.'__'.' What are you doing tonight? (not What are you making?)</p><p>IT} “Should I open the window?" “No, it's OK. I'll do it.“</p><p>Emma's job is yery boring. She does the same thing eyery day.</p><p>5'] I did a lot of things yesterday.</p><p>What do you do? = What's your job?:</p><p>'11 “What do you do?" "l work in a bank.“</p><p>make = producelcreate. For example:</p><p>pi-1.</p><p>II‘</p><p>-I.</p><p>I"?-'T""'</p><p>"—lI-l-</p><p>_ '_'. ___</p><p>,,= *7 :5 .—|</p><p>-'- -l-l-</p><p>' I H.</p><p>'—_.</p><p>"ll- Hi</p><p>-H-IIr-1|_,</p><p>r.:.,.--L.Ir‘-'—'‘.-'-.F_F- .-.|1.-_ '-*-.- I‘....-'||</p><p>-...JI...</p><p>.1] El E</p><p>gill‘, r</p><p>'I__J‘ . -</p><p>-I-.‘.'..|.-</p><p>1 - -P</p><p>F llllI L-.</p><p>'_"_-T.-'1?-:T.=‘1</p><p>.1-</p><p>She's making coffee. He made a cake. 111ey make toys. it was made in China</p><p>Compare do and make:</p><p>I did a lot yesterday. I cleaned my room, I wrote some letters. and I made a cake.</p><p>___ .-s: What do you do in your free time? Read? Play sports?</p><p>a: I make clothes. I make dresses and jackets. I also make toys for my children.</p><p>Expressions with do</p><p>doidoesfdid {negatiyes and ouestions} -I Units 43-44 make somebody do something -I Unit 51</p><p>homework I</p><p>housework</p><p>do 5 (somebody) afayor</p><p>l an exercise</p><p>' (your) best</p><p>i:'- Did the children do their homework?</p><p>I hate doing housework. especially cleaning.</p><p>!.'.'.'I= Nicole, could you do me a favor?</p><p>5:" I have to do four exercises for homework tonight.</p><p>=-Ti I did my best. but I didn't win the race.</p><p>also do the laundry I do the dishes I’ do the grocery shopping</p><p>I did the laundry, but I didn't do the grocery shopping</p><p>Lil‘ I cooked, so you should do the dishes.</p><p>Expressions with make</p><p>- a mistake . I'm sorry. I made a mistake.</p><p>an appointment ‘-'.'."‘ I need to make an appointment to see the doctor.</p><p>a phone call Excuse me, I have to make a phone call.</p><p>a list IIQ Did you make a shopping list?</p><p>Ia) noise =-.'.'.'I-- It's late. Don't make any noise.</p><p>I a bed 5 ii Sometimes I forget to make my bed in the morning</p><p>make</p><p>We say make a movie but take a picture I take a photo:</p><p>‘-3 When was this movie made?</p><p>but '-Li When was this picture taken?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>ss 1 Write makeilmakingimade or dofdoingldididone</p><p>Should I open the window?“ hip, thats Dis I ll sir-I? t</p><p>What did you last weekend? Did you leave town?</p><p>Do you know how to bread?</p><p>Paper is from wood</p><p>Kyle didn t help me He sat in an armchair and nothing</p><p>What do you ?" "I'm a doctor“</p><p>I asked you to clean the bathroom Did you</p><p>What do they in that factory?“ Shoes</p><p>some coffee Would you like some?</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>.7</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>ll]</p><p>11</p><p>-Ii‘-'|.ii-ll"-J'—|</p><p>is‘*-IL’</p><p>Write make or do in the correct form</p><p>1 I hate doing housework especially cleaning</p><p>2</p><p>~'-'i</p><p>5</p><p>5]</p><p>T</p><p>E</p><p>Si</p><p>10</p><p>'l'l</p><p>12L</p><p>Why are you angry with me? I didnt anything wrong</p><p>What are you tomorrow afternoon?“ "I m working</p><p>What are these people doing?</p><p>/7+ ~ — "</p><p>T</p><p>/1</p><p>"xx?" "-.,_'_j_..--*</p><p>jg?</p><p>‘L-'f_-d</p><p>4-11!</p><p>—|.|</p><p>at '\_./'</p><p>~—---*</p><p>- i__nl-1_'1—r</p><p>Hep making a cake 6</p><p>1?</p><p>B</p><p>Si</p><p>S "I'll</p><p>Why do you always the same mistake?</p><p>3 "Can you me a favor?" It depends what it is</p><p>Did you your homework?" Not yet</p><p>l need to see the dentist but I haven t an appointment</p><p>oe his best but he didn t pass his drivers test</p><p>I painted the door but I didnt it very well</p><p>How many phone calls did you yesterday?</p><p>When you finish Exercise 1 you can Exercise 2</p><p>Theres something wrong with the car The engine is a strange noise</p><p>It was a bad mistake It was the worst mistake Ive ever</p><p>ets a list ofall the things we have to today</p><p>have and have got</p><p>I have (something) or I've got (something) = it is mine:</p><p>I have a new car. or I've got a new car.</p><p>Sue has long hair. or Sue has got long hair:</p><p>Do they have any children? or Have they got any children?</p><p>Tom doesn't have a job. or Tom hasn't got a job.</p><p>'1] How much time do you have? or How much time have you got?</p><p>1</p><p>I</p><p>'_ _.I</p><p>I|-i._.</p><p>olso</p><p>- |'-</p><p>I have ' a headache I a toothache fa pain (in my leg, etc.)</p><p>2 I've got a cold I a cough I a sore throat I’ a fever I the flu. etc.</p><p>_ __ _g __ _ _ l</p><p>I have a headache. or I've got a headache.</p><p>ii_"I! Do you have a cold? or Have you got a cold?</p><p>The past is I had (without got) I I didn't have I Did you have?, etc. :</p><p>Ci I‘! Fi hhsoi-ih</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>-ti-|</p><p>W en I rst met Sue, s e s ort air.</p><p>He didn't have any money because he didn't have a job.</p><p>Li Did you have enough time to do everything you wanted to do?</p><p>have breakfast I have a good time. etc.</p><p>In these expressions</p><p>have = eat or drink You can't use “have got.“</p><p>breakfast I lunch I dinner 1:? Where's Lia?" “She's having lunch."</p><p>1 h a meal I a sandwich I (a) pitta, etc. , Iii I don't usually have breakfast.</p><p>Lave I a cup of coffee I a glass of milk, etc. i Ci I had three cups of coffee this morning.</p><p>_I *| something to eat,-’drink ' 1:1 "Have a cookie." "Dh thank you."</p><p>We also use have (riot have got) in these expressions:</p><p>I a party I a meeting -T! We're having a party next week. Please come.</p><p>= i__'j! Enjoy your vacation. Have a good trip!</p><p>I =I."'.I= I'm having a bad day. Everything is going</p><p>wrong. I hope I have a better day tomorrow.</p><p>a (nice) day I a (nice) weekend</p><p>I a reat vacation- have [E la (good) flight 1' a safe trip</p><p>, a dream I an accident</p><p>a nice time I a good trip I fun. etc-</p><p>, iflfi Did you have a good flight?</p><p>if} Alex had an accident on his first day in Rome.</p><p>an argument I a discussion L." Can we have a discussion about my pay?</p><p>a baby i_—.' Nicole just had a baby. It's a boy.</p><p>Cumpalei I've got three cups of I'm on break- I'm</p><p>coffee for this office. I Lhavlng a cup of coffee.have got or have</p><p>['1' I've got I I have three cups of coffee for</p><p>this office.</p><p>have (riot have got)</p><p>I have coffee with my breakfiist every morning.</p><p>{not I've got coffee every morning)</p><p>-I" it Where's Sam?</p><p>at He's on break. He's having a cup of coffee.</p><p>{= he's drinking it now)</p><p>I have!‘ l've got -Ii Unit 9 I've (done) {present perfect) -Ii Units IE-19 I have to .. --l Unit 31</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write the correct form of have or have got.</p><p>-ll"-.l...lJ|"*-'l--1</p><p>I:</p><p>(I ,1 not i‘ have)</p><p>[Anna I have?)</p><p>{he i not i’ have)</p><p>lBen I have)</p><p>(you I have?)</p><p>[well not I have)</p><p>(she I not I have)</p><p>(you i‘ have?)</p><p>-....-l-.€?l.l¢§il.l'iliil§i'..lili'='il.'!'!"-§..._._- time to do the shopping yesterday.</p><p>?‘i.i!T!.'.1.d .l?d!-id... .. or . .-...l.Tl.€-'Isi.iI'i'!i..l'.?.IT!.d..i£-'li'i'?lT~....... a car?" "No, she can't drive."</p><p>e can't open the door. a key.</p><p>a cold last week. He's better now.</p><p>S What's wrong? headache?</p><p>6 We wanted to go by taxi, but enough money.</p><p>1' Liz is very busy. much free time.</p><p>3 any problems when you were on vacation?</p><p>What are these people doing? Choose from the list:</p><p>f_____-_-__-___________.-__.___..--. _- ___ -_-_ ___ .. -- ..</p><p>lan argument breakfast acup of tea dinner fun -ii-per-Isr ,i</p><p>‘T. I--T‘!-</p><p>I _|| F4</p><p>.i .__i.</p><p>1%;</p><p>"I"-IIII“-‘ii.</p><p>|_ii,"',ii-I' —</p><p>1-i.--F"-</p><p>.=*'="~ie</p><p>.1"-I-</p><p>F-ll—".~i,</p><p>1</p><p>2 She</p><p>3 .. ID-"i'i.i"1-Ii--i ':i"I:i</p><p>5'?’-</p><p>What do you say in these situations? Use have.</p><p>1 Julia is going on vacation. What do you say to her before she goes?</p><p>.......H.ars.a.iiIee..i:a.sai.t!sit!..... .. . .. . .. .</p><p>2 You meet Kate at the airport. She has just gotten off her plane- Ask her about the flight.</p><p>.. ..</p><p>3 Tom is going on a long trip. What do you say to him before he leaves?</p><p>4 Its l'v'li.'.'.Iir1i‘;l.-'.?I.y morning. viii;iii"s'i"ii;iii""i§i'i'i;;is'i'iiii'i"ii;i;'iii"i;'.ii"ii;i'ii'ili-.i.</p><p>S Nate just came back from vacation. Ask him about his vacation.</p><p>6 Rachel is going out tonight. What do you say to her before she goes?</p><p>r It's siii.-i birtihclay iissiif vsi.i'ii'ii iiiiiiii.""i}i'iiii"ii'i5;'}i§'ii'“iiis;.i-iii M</p><p>. . . .party?</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use haveihad and choose from the list.</p><p>It an accident a glass H Q baby a bad dream —a-party-i"':"_'usomething to eat</p><p>1 We .....-.lT.lriil.~f5l..i=.i!.|i‘.’.~i‘.i.-!’.'.i1Y-Iii‘? . a few weeks ago. We invited 50 people.</p><p>2 "Should we .. _. . ?" "No, I'm not hungry"</p><p>3 Iwas thirsty, so I . _. .</p><p>4I .. .. last night. It woke me up.</p><p>S Emily is a very good driver. She has never</p><p>Ei Rachel is going to It will be her first child.</p><p>People</p><p>.r""</p><p>l</p><p>in \_ I I _"-'</p><p>I ' '</p><p>I/me he/him they/them,etc.</p><p>-|</p><p>I1</p><p>% ."-.</p><p>-_i-</p><p>I"-</p><p>subject</p><p>I I know Tom.</p><p>we We know Tom.</p><p>you You know Tom.</p><p>he He knows Tom.</p><p>she She knows Tom.</p><p>they They know Tom.</p><p>subject it they</p><p>object it them</p><p>_,-,|. III-I-| |..II-|</p><p>object 5</p><p>Tom knows me. me</p><p>Tom knows us. us</p><p>Tom knows you. you i</p><p>Tom knows him. him</p><p>Tom knows her. her</p><p>Tom knows them. them</p><p>I</p><p>i.- . ._. '</p><p>'L I don't want this book You can have it.</p><p>Tl‘ '13 I don't want these hooks. You can have them.</p><p>"E: Hannah never drinks milk. She doesn't like it.</p><p>C." I never go to parties. I don't like them.</p><p>i-</p><p>We use meiherithem, etc (object) after a preposition (fori‘I:oi'with, etc.):</p><p>This letter isn't for me. It's for you.</p><p>If! Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?</p><p>'l_I' We're going to the movies. Do you want to come with us?</p><p>TIE Sue and Iilevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with them?</p><p>"Where's the newspaper?“ ""r'ou're sitting on it."</p><p>give itfthem to . .. :</p><p>C! I want that book. Please give it to me.</p><p>III Robert needs these books Clan you give them to him, please?</p><p>I They're nice.</p><p>I like them</p><p>:2-Itiixl ties-s-‘*1-*f.-5*F,;'_;!'.»**</p><p>subject I we you he she they</p><p>object me us you him her them</p><p>1r</p><p>mylhisltheir, etc. -I Unit 58 Give me that book I Give it to me -I Unit file</p><p>gu-flgfieom</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences with himi'I'ieri'them.</p><p>1 I don't know those girls. Do you know ?</p><p>2 I don't know that man. Do you know ?</p><p>3 I don't know those people. Do you know ?</p><p>4 I don't know David's wife. Do you know .. ?</p><p>5 I don't know Mr. Stevens. Do you know ?</p><p>6 I don't know Sarah's parents. Do you know ?</p><p>Ii’ I don't know the woman in the black coat. Do you know . . ..</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use lime.-’youi'shei'her. etc.</p><p>1 I want to see her, but doesn't want to see .</p><p>Iii ___?_I</p><p>2 They want to see me, but don't want to see</p><p>3 She wants to see him, but doesn't want to see</p><p>4 We want to see them, but .. don't want to see</p><p>5 He wants to see us, but . don't want to see</p><p>6 They want to see her, but .... .. doesn't want to see</p><p>1' I want to see them, but . .. don't want to see</p><p>8 You want to see her, but . doesn't want to see</p><p>Write sentences beginning I like . . . , I don't like . . ., or Do you like . . . ?</p><p>1 I don't eat tomatoes. ......I.i:-!l.iI;i!f1.'!II<.l.ilti$.iI».lTii$?.I?I.......</p><p>2 George is a very nice man. I like ., ,.</p><p>3 Thisjacket isn't 'v’.E*I"y' nice. I don't...........</p><p>4 This is my new car. Do.</p><p>S Mrs. Clark is not very friendly. I</p><p>5 These are my new shoes. ?</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use Ilmeiheiihim. etc.</p><p>1 Who is that woman? Why are you looking at ?</p><p>2 "Do you know that man?" "Yes, I work with "</p><p>3 Where are the tickets? I can't find .</p><p>4 I can't find my keys- Where are ?</p><p>5 We're going out. You can comewith</p><p>6 I have a new motorcycle. Do you want tosee ?</p><p>3' Maria likes music. plays the piano.</p><p>B I don't like dogs. I'm scared of .</p><p>9 I'm talking to you. Please listen to</p><p>10 Where is Anna? I want to talk to ..</p><p>“ii You can have these D‘v’Ds. I don'twant... . .</p><p>i2 My brother has a new job,but doesn't like .. . .. . very much</p><p>Complete the sentences.</p><p>1 I need that book. Can you ?</p><p>2 He wants the key. Can yougive ?</p><p>3 She wants the keys. Can you ?</p><p>4 I need my bag. Canyou ?</p><p>5 They want the money. Can you</p><p>6 We want the photos. Can you ?</p><p>my/his/their, etc.</p><p>my umbrella {our umbrella</p><p>I</p><p>we</p><p>you</p><p>he</p><p>she</p><p>they</p><p>—" I ii.;-».i~il}..=.§ii'i=' it) is famous for itsibeg</p><p>iI.l..I~Li</p><p>mi</p><p>Dill"</p><p>your</p><p>his</p><p>her</p><p>their</p><p>your umbrella his umbrella</p><p>i ' I like my</p><p>We like our</p><p>z You like your</p><p>He likes his</p><p>She likes her</p><p>They like their</p><p>house</p><p>house</p><p>house</p><p>house</p><p>house</p><p>house</p><p>¥; it -ii its</p><p>We use myilyour,’his, etc. + noun:</p><p>my hands his new car her parents</p><p>our clothes your best friend their room</p><p>hisfher,-’their</p><p>xuviv _| I xiivor cg; iviii nivo T ‘</p><p>iL:ii..iiii - ivias LEE i.-. -.' -i.:_,ri|--_- ,i- —</p><p>I1!!!’ CHI W his bike their son</p><p>her husband</p><p>If: Amy's his sister</p><p>husband</p><p>her children</p><p>{= Amy's ' =-</p><p>children)</p><p>-"</p><p>its and it's</p><p>' I‘ I</p><p>_-1-</p><p>his parents</p><p>its Hawaii is famous for its beaches.</p><p>it's (= it is) I like I-Iawaii. It's a beautiful place. (= It is a beautiful place)</p><p>"-</p><p>| .</p><p>minefyours. etc. -I Unit 55 Iimelmylmine ‘I Unit GO</p><p>Iilln-:T~.._-fig,</p><p>_-1“-J</p><p>h mbrella their umbrellaBTU</p><p>WI‘ """i</p><p>Qii.</p><p>es-.:>»</p><p>their daughter</p><p>ill?-3 teltheir children</p><p>Complete the sentences in the same way.</p><p>1 I m going to wash .</p><p>2 She's going to wash .. hands.</p><p>3 We're going</p><p>to wash . . ..</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ _</p><p>Complete the sentences in the same way.</p><p>1 He ..-..-iixeo..wii;b..tiia.pote!ftto...... .</p><p>2 They live with parents.</p><p>3 We parents.</p><p>4 Sarah lives.</p><p>_- I‘ L .</p><p>ifs"?i_".‘ . E .</p><p>1-pg -ir .'-</p><p>I H I II w</p><p>ft’ r“'l!~, ~l\</p><p>SARAH = PHILIP</p><p>i‘il"*—_i</p><p>' '</p><p>DJ rats» he 121-'</p><p>WILL LAURA = STEVE</p><p>-i~}'II~...--..</p><p>iioasar BETH</p><p>@ Write my,-‘nurlyourihisfheritheirfits.</p><p>1 Do you like .-..-2ili'-?.U..?i . job?</p><p>He's going to wash .</p><p>They're going to wash .</p><p>Are you going to wash</p><p>I parents.</p><p>John .</p><p>Do you live .</p><p>Most children .</p><p>Look at the family tree, and complete the sentences with his,i'her,i'their.</p><p>I saw Sarah with .. husband. Philip.</p><p>I saw Laura and Steve with children.</p><p>I saw Steve with .. . wife, Laura.</p><p>I saw Ben with brother. Will.</p><p>I saw Laura with brother, Will.</p><p>I saw Sarah and Philip with son. Will</p><p>I saw Laura with ......................... .. parents.</p><p>I saw Beth and Robert with parents.</p><p>2 I know Mr. Watson, but Idon't know................ .. wife.</p><p>3 Alice and Tom live in San Francisco. lives in Mexico.</p><p>4 We're going to have a party. We're going to invite all friends.</p><p>S Anna is going out with friends tonight.</p><p>6 llike tennis- favorite sport.</p><p>3? "ls that . car?" "lilo, I don't have a car."</p><p>S I want to call Maria. Do you know number?</p><p>9 Do you think most people are happy with jobs?</p><p>10 I'm going to wash hair before I go out.</p><p>11 This is a beautiful tree. leaves are a beautiful color.</p><p>12 lohn has a brother and a sister. brother is ES, and sister is 21.</p><p>fl I —-I-| i —_i W lj--II-l-$- Z I i</p><p>@ Complete the sentences. Use myihisitheir, etc. with these words:</p><p>Lcoat homework house husband -job- key Ililllfljj</p><p>1 Jim doesn't like It's not very interesting.</p><p>2 Ican't get in. Idon't</p><p>3 Sally is married. works In a bank.</p><p>4 Please take ofi‘..-....-.... .. and sit down.</p><p>S "What are the children doing?" "They'redoing . .. .. "</p><p>6 "Do you know that man?" "Yes, but I don't know</p><p>F We live on Main Street. .. is on the comer of Main and First.</p><p>T</p><p>+..Io</p><p>I my</p><p>we our</p><p>you your</p><p>he his</p><p>she her</p><p>, they their</p><p>mine ' lt's my money.</p><p>ours It's our money.</p><p>yours ' It's your money.</p><p>lllili lillll</p><p>ET I '" It's his money.</p><p>hers I It's her money.</p><p>theirs I It's their money.</p><p>We use mylyour, etc, + noun {my hands I your book, etc.):</p><p>-1' Ii My hands are cold</p><p>Is this your book?</p><p>Ci Emily gave me her umbrella.</p><p>Ci It's their problem, not our problem.</p><p>We use minelyours. etc, without a noun:</p><p>It's mine. i</p><p>It's ours. I</p><p>It's yours.</p><p>It's his.</p><p>It's hers. ‘</p><p>It's theirs. I</p><p>='I'_:.I Is this book mine or yours? (= my book or your book)</p><p>Cji I didn't have an umbrella, so Emily gave me hers. (= her umbrella)</p><p>-?'_';: It's their problem, not ours. (= not our problem)</p><p>f__i We went in our car, and they went in theirs. (= their car}</p><p>You can use his with or without a noun:</p><p>i_'__. "Is this his camera or hers?“ "it's his"</p><p>A friend of mine I a friend of his I some friends ofyours. etc.</p><p>ifi I went to the movies with a friend of mine. (not a friend of me}</p><p>-II.‘ Tom was in the restaurant with a friend of his. (not a friend of him)</p><p>iI'j.i Are those people friends ofyours? (riot fiiends of you)</p><p>Whose...'t</p><p>FJGE</p><p>Whose phone is this? (= Is it your phone? his phone? my phone?, etc.) is this?</p><p>You can use whose with or without a noun:</p><p>=-'1 Whose money is this? I IE5 mine</p><p>Whose is this? '</p><p>if_'_ji Whose shoes are these? I The geloh ,</p><p>Whose are these? 3' " 5'</p><p>I3 If</p><p>1_-ii.-:.==-'.i</p><p>myIl1IsIthelr.etc."i' Unit 58 llmelmyimine -Ii Unltfilll Kate's camera {my brother's car -P Unit 61</p><p>Exercises 5</p><p>Complete the sentences with minefyours. etc.</p><p>1 It's your money. It's .. . 5 It's their house. It's</p><p>2 It's my bag. 6 They're your books. They're</p><p>3 It's our cat it's I? They're my glasses. They're</p><p>4 They're her shoes. They're.....-.... 3 It's his coat.</p><p>Choose the right word.</p><p>1 Itsm problem, not-our-I ours. (their, ours ore right)</p><p>2 This is a nice camera. ls it yourjyoursi</p><p>3 That's not myljmine umbrella. My[Mine is black.</p><p>4 Whose books are these? Your,{Yours or mygminei</p><p>5 Catherine is going out with herflhers friends tonight.</p><p>6 My,fMing room is bigger than herfhers.</p><p>7' They have two children, but I don't know theirfltheirs names.</p><p>B Can we use your washing machine? Clur{Cl'urs isn't working.</p><p>Complete these sentences. Use frierid(s) of minelyouis, etc.</p><p>1 I went to the movies with a</p><p>2 They went on vacation with some</p><p>3 She's going out with a friend ..</p><p>4 We had dinner with some .. .. . . . . . ..</p><p>S I played tennis witha</p><p>6 Tom is going to meet a ....</p><p>Ii’ Do you know those people? Are they ..</p><p>Look at the pictures. What are the people saying?</p><p>'-i.</p><p>--- ear-_ cil=-.il.ie! olrj gee</p><p>Ie 1:-hie? "'5'‘ii I</p><p>is this?</p><p>these? I</p><p>i</p><p>money -~</p><p>i .-1?</p><p>2 _</p><p>\._________g We</p><p>T "I</p><p>9</p><p>I can see him. but he can't see me</p><p>-Iii.</p><p>T. Z</p><p>—\.</p><p>I, etc. ITIEI ETE-</p><p>{—i~ Unit S?) {—:i Unit S?)</p><p>‘</p><p>1</p><p>You give me your</p><p>number, and I'll</p><p>give you mine. I</p><p>my, etc mine, etc.</p><p>(-ii Unit S3) (—i» Unit Si?)</p><p>I know Tom. Tom knows me. It's my car. It's mine.</p><p>__ ‘___; .1 —- I '|llr-- I1</p><p>We know Tom. Tom knows us.</p><p>i.-1- "I"</p><p>-| -- J -</p><p>You know Tom. Tom knows you.</p><p>n _ ' HE l€I"lID"ii"I|"5 TDITI Tom knows him.</p><p>It's our car.</p><p>I ilr</p><p>It's ours.</p><p>I</p><p>It's your car. | it's yours.</p><p>It's his car.</p><p>E</p><p>It's his.</p><p>She knows Tom. Tom knows her. It's her car.</p><p>-I-" I - .... l_. _-in .. _</p><p>I</p><p>It's hers.</p><p>They know Tom. I Tom knows them, It's their car. It's theirs.</p><p>I I</p><p>rIj—R *1 I I-I-—-l—l \-W '—'.'- 3 1</p><p>Study these examples:</p><p>ii! "Do you know that man?‘ "Yes, I know him, but I can't remember his name.“</p><p>U She was very happy because we invited her to stay with us at our house.</p><p>CI .4; Where are the children? Have you seen them?</p><p>e: Yes, they are playing with their friends in the park.</p><p>Ci That's my pen. Can you give it to me, please?</p><p>Ci “Is this your hat?‘ “No, its yours"</p><p>Cl He didn't have an umbrella, so she gave him hers. (= she gave her umbrella to him)</p><p>C! I'm going out with a fiiend of mine tonight. (not a friend of me}</p><p>myselflyouiself. etc. -Ir Unit E1 Give nie that book I Give it to rne -Ii Unit 9-4</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Answer the questions in the same way.</p><p>II</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>Do you know</p><p>that man?</p><p>II."-</p><p>II Do you know</p><p>that woman?</p><p>i’</p><p>I Yes. Ye5.l but I t:an’t</p><p>. remember .. .. . .</p><p>:</p><p>F</p><p>I31</p><p>_.| | |'.||—</p><p>Do you know those people? Do you know me?</p><p>II‘ ll</p><p>Yes. but Yes,i . . but</p><p>l'lElT'l E5.</p><p>Complete the sentences in the same way.</p><p>‘I We invitedher</p><p>IFII-IlIll'l-ll-Il'I '</p><p>2 He invited us to stay with at his house.</p><p>3 They invited me to stay with house.</p><p>4 I invited them to stay house.</p><p>5 She invited us to stay house.</p><p>6 Did you invitehim house?</p><p>Complete the sentences in the same way.</p><p>1 I gave him phone number. and ,.</p><p>2 I gaveherphone number. and she gave me</p><p>3 He gave mephone number, and I gave ...................................................................... .-</p><p>4 We gave them ....................... .. phone nurnbet and they gave</p><p>5 She gave him phone numbet and he gave</p><p>5 You gaveusphone numbet and we gave</p><p>E‘ They gaveyouphone number. and you gave</p><p>Write him.lher,lyours. ett.</p><p>"I Where’s Amanda? Did you see ......|.'I.§lTT ?</p><p>2 Where are my keys? Where did I put...</p><p>3 This book belongs to Ben. Can you give it to . . ..</p><p>4 We don't see ................................... .- neighbors much. They‘re not home very often.</p><p>5 “I tan’t find my phone. Can I usei" "Sure."</p><p>6 We're going to the movies. Why don't you tome with</p><p>Tr’ Did your sister pass .. driver’s test?</p><p>8 Some people talk about work all the time.</p><p>9 Last night I went out for dinner with a friend of .. ..</p><p>_ l Help your</p><p>He's looking at himself.</p><p>7 I</p><p>he</p><p>| 5l'lE</p><p>you</p><p>i WE</p><p>they</p><p>-—:r me —3r myself</p><p>-1</p><p>—.’l*</p><p>—ll*</p><p>%l"l.l5</p><p>—l"</p><p>Compare:</p><p>him -1 himself I-'.'_.'</p><p>her —+ herself l I“. .1</p><p>{ yourself T}</p><p>Wu _} yourselves 5 K.)</p><p>-er ourselves "Ill</p><p>them —-> themselves -II</p><p>‘I_ 1.]-_; ll '-I, | 1. -</p><p>| .- _ _ | _ .. -</p><p>They're enjoying themselves.</p><p>l looked at myself in the mirrot</p><p>He cut himself with a knife.</p><p>She fell off her bike. but she didn't hurt herself.</p><p>Please help yourself. (one person)</p><p>Please help yourselves. (two or more people)</p><p>We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves.</p><p>'I.I' I I-</p><p>I</p><p>_ I_-I.-I-l-n-._-l.|- ‘* I? i</p><p>I.‘-II II-I-|-IIII-I'|I-' 1-I Z</p><p>If. IF I-l-_lI--J-l-- |._--_.|I._.I-i.'_p.|.-.-_</p><p>II.I_|I.—-I |-'—--I-J‘ -.._F_|-|_ I-|-d- --Fa</p><p>1 | I.Ia.I-I-i-l-</p><p>1-I.— ‘I-I -1-</p><p>-r —.-Ii.-.a- '</p><p>-l.l|'I-I+'I-I-II. I-LII .I.r I-I-</p><p>I P —III-I-I- |-i.iIa--</p><p>-Ir' _* -</p><p>-‘I-‘FI'Il-I-'lr-Q‘-*I—'l-'-I'—I-up-—I-1--j--i, .-'I-I'IIi-I--I-r-rm-I:.-h';_ I H. ‘J-I'Ih'I§-I-q-IIIII-lJ'P‘_. -._.-</p><p>‘-I-I--Iv.-i l-I"- -ilinili -I . -|'.l—| __._. |._ .flh.,_.,,__ _,__</p><p>.- Pin-Ifl *'I-I--I‘ rs. II. -I '-hl'"I-r —I -'r'I</p><p>l'-HIr.'..I'|-II' -I| '- J-I"</p><p>- —-r-\_--I-.11 l.l.I- - 1 - W ii:</p><p>I ‘IF-I"-IIIIII-I-'luI'r| -Ill‘ ' -Itl. -' :._ Ir F</p><p>_l-nl. |_-r- IIII - I-Ill‘ ' ' - . '</p><p>I l.. -1.11 -L-J I-IL-I--‘I _ . ‘LI:</p><p>I .I-II-_-.-r.-.-I.l_l \._£ II f. |_ I I</p><p>-I I..--i.IJ '_ I-I.-i-i-i-I.I..§' I-i.I J-J _-nu‘. _ ii.‘ __ _.__-I</p><p>1 I-‘II I-I--II-I.-i.-Ii.I-1 in II _—_ _I__|_-I 1 L-I - _ |_--_</p><p>' "1-..I_I-I_I-rI-I.II_-I J‘-Id“ I1-.I _-I ___' _'_-‘ riff __l|\+--I</p><p>iI</p><p>i1 I</p><p>ll.</p><p>The most important features of this book are:</p><p>"---- lt is a grammar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language-</p><p>I1'___i It is for beginning to low-intermediate students of English- It does not cover areas of grammar which are</p><p>not normally taught at beginning and low-intermediate levels.</p><p>lt is a reference book with exercises. it is not a course book and is not organized progressively.</p><p>Q} Ii: is addressed to learners and intended for self-study.</p><p>Elrganixation of the book</p><p>There are 113 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar. The material is organized</p><p>in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions, and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty,</p><p>and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the |earner{s]. The book should not</p><p>be worked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents, and there is a comprehensive</p><p>Index at the end of the book.</p><p>Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages- The grammar point is presented and explained</p><p>on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendixes (pages</p><p>229-23?) dealing with active and passive forms. irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling. and phrasal</p><p>verbs. lt might be useful for teachers to draw students’ attention to these-</p><p>At the back of the book there is a set of Additionol Exercises (pages 238-2551 These exercises provide "mixed"</p><p>practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units {especially those concerning verb</p><p>forms)- There are 35 exercises in this section. and there is a full list on page 238-</p><p>Also at the back of the book there is a Study Guide to help students decide which units to study — see page 25?-</p><p>Finally, there is an Answer Key [pages 2?O—2E-J6} for students to check their answers to all the exercises in the</p><p>book- An edition without the Study Guide and Answer Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for</p><p>their students.</p><p>Level</p><p>The book is for beginning learners, i-e-, learners with very little English, but not complete beginners. it is</p><p>intended mainly for beginning students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners’ course. It could also</p><p>be used by low—intermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who</p><p>have problems with particular areas of basic gram mar-</p><p>The explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible-</p><p>The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at</p><p>this level-</p><p>Llslng the book</p><p>The book can be used by students working alone (see To the Student) or as supplementary course material- in</p><p>either case the book can serve as a beginning grammar book-</p><p>When used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later review or</p><p>remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice-</p><p>ln some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in class, but it</p><p>should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference. ln most cases, it would</p><p>probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their preferred way with the exercises being</p><p>done for homework. The left-hand page is then available for later reference by the student-</p><p>5ome teachers may prefer to keep the book for review and remedial work. in this case, individual students or</p><p>groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for se|f—study and practice-</p><p>I</p><p>You can buy this book with or without an ebook. The ebook has the same grammar explanations and</p><p>exercises as the book.</p><p>r_ - .-_</p><p>in-II</p><p>'--Ilrlliiirl</p><p>in I'—I I</p><p>L1fll</p><p>I.-i1--|.|||_' |"I-l|-I-</p><p>Using the ebook</p><p>You can use your ebook on an iPad, Android tablet, PC or Mac.</p><p>Using your ebook you can:</p><p>Lillian in Save your</p><p>ortump-he unaware</p><p>Highlight Bookmark</p><p>IBII M96:</p><p>How to get your ebook</p><p>Follow the instructions on the inside front cover of this book-</p><p>--. ,</p><p>_,__:.:._,|</p><p>F‘-l1 i</p><p>-3-L-I--4|</p><p>-’</p><p>..-..-__-.;;1‘ -</p><p>F-l"-I -n-'</p><p>'iI|IiiI'h|I|'IrI|Il.|-‘ll</p><p>lily ifll ll 15- Iifl H</p><p>A _</p><p>—I —lI —l —I - 2:1</p><p>1-_ - |—- |_ -'1 1 -I-I 1.-I</p><p>-I -Ill.-I -rl -II 11-!-</p><p>II-i—|I ir'1-</p><p>I-1.:-_l-|-|I$n.q-|</p><p>EIFI-ll‘ "rl-ill-Fl</p><p>kl:-I-fq</p><p>lugli-1. til?-n.</p><p>‘ll-l|—rl-I-li|—l‘||-'|'|"|--Ii</p><p>‘ll-i II-i.H'_-Q1</p><p>r-1 |'J._-I.-II-l-1-</p><p>I-|I|hI-1-I-'- -|'|'|—|ll'</p><p>IId'IF'II*</p><p>rplq-|-_.||.I|</p><p>fir lI|'|*I||'r|'l}|'II “-I</p><p>I-I-'h-Ilill-uil __</p><p>tq n</p><p>|'|.-H-I-IIII-n_n-.</p><p>11.1.-I-|.I J-i_l.a-ll I-1 -1. -|_|_|</p><p>'IIII.II -I1‘!-I-tr</p><p>llflllll 1</p><p>?</p><p>fie]-i'l"'aW</p><p>f</p><p>'-1-1-{LIZ-I XIII if '1' 'I'l 'I'—</p><p>JI1-ll-|._ A_|-J.IlF.l.l-</p><p>EIFKIU.</p><p>_ 1'l-r;"l|rI'ln|-|-rIi|-IIiIr|'-</p><p>fiwlll -1‘!-</p><p>u</p><p>IHIUICB</p><p>flflifli</p><p>Us-er the</p><p>cliofloncrry</p><p>,,,,_i,,,, CAMBRIDGE</p><p>5 UNIVERSITY PI-teas</p><p>CAMBRIDGE</p><p>UN1“vEItaITx PRESS</p><p>ll-._</p><p>am/is/are</p><p>I m American I in from Chicago</p><p>My father is a doctor and</p><p>my mother is a iournalist</p><p>Afiinriotive Negative</p><p>lri</p><p>ANNA</p><p>My favorite color is blue</p><p>llllMy favorite sports are</p><p>tennis and swimmin</p><p>I rn interested in art</p><p>I’rn not interested in politics</p><p>Q — _ ’—i— an H i i cg: rill‘</p><p>m not fimnot) Q ‘E QB’ "F "5’_- _ _ _l _ _ _</p><p>hes (hes not</p><p>e shes s e is not (shes not</p><p>its {its not</p><p>he isn't)</p><p>she isn’t)</p><p>it isn't)</p><p>|i..___-</p><p>(we re) [we re not</p><p>ou are {you re ou are not (you re not</p><p>h (they re) t e [they re not</p><p>we aren’t)</p><p>you are-n't)</p><p>they aren’t]i</p><p>_ _ _ -</p><p>shortform shortforrris</p><p>-H: Alex is scared of dogs</p><p>_- lane is Australian She isn t American</p><p>These flowers are nice, and they aren t expensive</p><p>1 It s iooo You relate again</p><p>_ I nt cold Can I close the window?</p><p>2 James isn t a teacher He s a sti.ident</p><p>_ Anna and I are good friends</p><p>Paris is a beautiful city</p><p>Our house rs near downtown</p><p>c. Int tired but l n1 not hungry</p><p>l nt 32 years old My sister is 29 a</p><p>irLanguage com</p><p>Wfiof rm</p><p>Tom isn it here He s at work I Id C I l</p><p>i the</p><p>We say its hotilwarmfcoldfsunnyfdark, etc</p><p>II. It s sunny today, but it isn t warm</p><p>thats = that is there s = there is heres = here is i-lava gygur |<,-gr</p><p>Ci Thank you That s very nice of you</p><p>T Look! Theres Chris</p><p>Ci Here s your key Thank you</p><p>t) home -I Unit we short forms -It Appendix 4</p><p>' rri oo . an c o-ae‘rour keys are on the table window?</p><p>il'I1.I'I5.I'fll'iE iquestronsl -It Unit 1 there lsrare -I Unit 35 it s -I Unit 3? Iran -Ir Unit 63.- j i</p><p>—</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write the short form (she’s I we aren't, etc-).</p><p>"I sheis .....e~I.ia'e. 3 it is not ........................................ .. 5 lam not . _</p><p>2 they are 4 that is .. 6 you are not</p><p>Write am. is. or are.</p><p>1 The weather..-..-..i.'i'=r........ nice today. 5 Look! There...... Rachel.</p><p>2 not rich. 6 My brother and I good tennis players-</p><p>3 This bag .-..-...............very heavy. F’ Amy home. Her children at school</p><p>4 These bags ............... ...very heavy. 8 l.... taxi driver. My sister. .. a nurse-</p><p>Complete the sentences.</p><p>1 Matt is sick. in bed.</p><p>2 l'rn riot hungry. but thirsty-</p><p>3 Mr. Thomas is</p><p>They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.</p><p>melhimfthem, etc. ! myselffhimselffthemselves, etc.</p><p>She isloolong at him.</p><p>|J</p><p>dijjferent people</p><p>You never talk to me.</p><p>I didn't pay for them.</p><p>I'm sorry. Did I hurt you?</p><p>by myself I by yourself. etc. = alone:</p><p>i'-.I I went on vacation by myself. (= I went alone)</p><p>"Was she with friends?“ “No, she was by herself.".-</p><p>| I</p><p>each other</p><p>C; Kate antl Nicole are good friends. They know each other well.</p><p>(= Kate knows Nicole ,1 Nicole knows Kate}</p><p>I .' .'</p><p>Compare each other and -selves</p><p>JAM E5</p><p>merhimithem. etc -I Unit 5?</p><p>Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me I’ I live near him)</p><p>u</p><p>lames and Sue looked at each other.</p><p>He I5 looking at himself</p><p>l</p><p>the some person</p><p>Q-= Sometimes I talk to myself.</p><p>' They paid for themselves.</p><p>"U -' Be careful. Don’t hurt yourself.</p><p>caeworoi-Fa-F<g.e</p><p>irLanguage-eee.</p><p>ut</p><p>lames and Sue looked at themselves.</p><p>__-</p><p>l_.‘-</p><p>'</p><p>JAMES</p><p>J</p><p>(= he looked at her. she looked at him} (= he looked at himself. she looked at</p><p>, herself)</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences with myselflyourself, etc.</p><p>"I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>?</p><p>3</p><p>He looked at .. in the mirrot</p><p>I'm not angry at you. I'm angry at</p><p>Karen had a good time in Brazil. She enjoyed</p><p>My hiends had a good time in Brazil. They enjoyed</p><p>I picked up a very hot plate and burned</p><p>He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about</p><p>I want to know more about you. Tell me about .. .. .[one person)</p><p>Goodbye! Have a good trip and take care ! (two people)</p><p>Write sentences with by myself ,l by yourself. etc.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>. .</p><p>When I saw him, he,</p><p>Don't</p><p>I went on vacation alone.</p><p>When I saw him, he was alone.</p><p>Don't go out alone.</p><p>I went to the movies alone.</p><p>My sister lives alone.</p><p>Many people live alone.</p><p>My sister</p><p>Many people</p><p>Write sentences with each other.</p><p>ll. IE“ Ican't I I Ioarfl; "-3-: lcall her loallhim in</p><p>_ pee her see l‘1ll"l"i a lot. a lot</p><p>r'_ ‘@512</p><p>-___ ' _.</p><p>M -</p><p>......Ih.ey..li.l§e..ea.sh..o:lIhen..-..-......... They They . .</p><p>I</p><p>I‘.</p><p>‘I1.</p><p>know him. know him.</p><p>{km -*"’ "'H-‘I.</p><p>I" _- _..</p><p>"‘I-'I'i-"'1</p><p>._ : ' I gave her I gave her</p><p>pl-I j I'm pitting nears to him. .a present. el present.</p><p>i</p><p>l</p><p>-.....||-........................-.....-..-....... ................- I .....- I ------- -</p><p>_ | |_.__--._-...-- __ _ — --- -—i—</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use:</p><p>‘i</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>l5</p><p>T</p><p>B</p><p>E-‘</p><p>ll]</p><p>each other or ourselveslyourselveslthemselves or uslyoulthem</p><p>losh and i live near .....~f-'.—ifl.='.?:.l.'l</p><p>Who are those people? Do you know . ?</p><p>You can help Tom, and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can help . .. .</p><p>There's food in the kitchen. If you and Chris are hungry, you can help ..</p><p>We didn't go to Sarah's party. She didn't invite ..</p><p>When we go on vacation. we always enjoy ..</p><p>Jessica and Megan went to school together. but they never see now.</p><p>Lauren and I are very good friends. We've known .. for a long time.</p><p>“Did you see Sam and Rachel at the party?“ "Yes. but I didn't speak to "</p><p>Many people talk to when they're alone.</p><p>-"I"</p><p>KATE</p><p>l'v'l'i" BROTHER</p><p>L '-.7 .-':-I-1:-'l.</p><p>W W</p><p>l<1ate's camera my brother's car the manager's office</p><p>(her camera) (his car) (his or her office}</p><p>We normally use -'s for people:</p><p>iii‘ I stayed at my sister's house. (not the house of my sister)</p><p>=7. II Have you met Mr. Black's wife? (not the wife of Mr. Black)</p><p>CI‘ Are you going to ]ames's party?</p><p>CI? Paul is a man's name. Paula is a woman's name.</p><p>You can use -'s without a noun after it:</p><p>C! Amanda's hair is longer than Kate's. {= Kate's hair)</p><p>E1 “Whose umbrella is this?“ "lt's my mother's" {= my mother's umbrella)</p><p>Cl "Where were you last night?“ "| was at Eric's.“ (= Eric's house)</p><p>friend's and friends’i</p><p>‘FI-</p><p>my friend's house = onefriend</p><p>(= his house or her house)</p><p>We write 's after</p><p>friendlstudentlmother, etc. (singular):</p><p>my mother's car (one mother)</p><p>my father's car fonejnther)</p><p>We use of. . . for things. places, etc.</p><p>III-PIPI-</p><p>Iii-I-I ii“I-ii‘-'-</p><p>-t--I</p><p>I</p><p>A|_ I</p><p>H."Err. -:1 ;1_.|'|:-‘:5: -Li‘!-H -- 4. =‘l|_</p><p>”-"-_'i-.'-tie. ""‘....ttee..i;--.-1.</p><p>E 1. !_</p><p>Our‘ houoo</p><p>-"l'.Tl7'1</p><p>in 1:M E4. E g :</p><p>my friends’ house = two or more friends</p><p>[= their house)</p><p>' We write ' after</p><p>friendslstudentslparents. etc. (plural):</p><p>my parents’ car (two parents)</p><p>Ci Look at the roof of that building. (not that building's roof )</p><p>Ci We didn't see the beginning of the movie. [not the movie's beginning)</p><p>L1 What's the name of this town?</p><p>if; Do you know the cause of the problem?</p><p>1.? You can sit in the back of the car.</p><p>I1 Madrid is the capital offipaln.</p><p>minelyours. etc. -It Unit 59 whose ...?-I Unit 55 -'s {he's I Kate's. etc.) -"Ir Appendix 4.5</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Look at the family tree. Complete the sentences about the people in the family.</p><p>_.i. ‘D‘L2-=-7-‘i -'".._</p><p>Ea‘ |' 'r ' -</p><p>4 Alberto isJulia's .</p><p>""2: _ ‘e .</p><p>ALBERT-Cl JULIA PAUL E</p><p>Blanca and Pedro are married. _</p><p>They have a son, Alberto. and a daughter. lulia. E</p><p>Julia is married to Paul.</p><p>Julia and Paul have a son. Daniel.</p><p>l - +</p><p>Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.</p><p>JANE AND?’ ALICE ILACHEL</p><p>edro is .....E>.le.noa'e.-.-.. husband.</p><p>stance = ‘-l5.fi':' PEDRU 2 Julia is Daniel's.._..-ITi?i;?1I<ho.rT......-</p><p>3 Blanca is</p><p>.1 a Q 5 Alberto uncle-</p><p>= E Julia .-....-..wife.</p><p>ezfi ' ‘L 3' Blanca is Daniei's.......</p><p>Iuiia is Alberto's</p><p>' B Paul is husband.</p><p>- ,3 DANIEL ll) Paul is Daniel's</p><p>"_' ll Daniel nephew.</p><p>7.</p><p>DAVE</p><p>"I . Whoseiisthis? 3 an And this? 5 ’ Andthis?</p><p>_ ..</p><p>2 xWhose is this? 4“ And these? 5 E 3 And these?</p><p>Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary.</p><p>1 I stayed at the house of my sister.</p><p>2 What is the name of this town?</p><p>3 Do you like the color of this coat?</p><p>4 Do you have the phone number of Simon?</p><p>5 The job of my brother is very interesting.</p><p>5 Write your name at the top of the page.</p><p>F’ For me. morning is the best part of the day.</p><p>8 The favorite color of Paula is blue.</p><p>9 When is the birthday of your mother?</p><p>lo lh_e_h_ogse_of rny parents isn't very big.</p><p>II The walls of this house are very thin. ...................................................... ..</p><p>12 The car stopped at the end of the street.</p><p>‘I3 Are you going to the party of Lauren neat week?</p><p>‘I4 The manager of the hotel is not here right now.</p><p>2</p><p>He has a camera Shes waiting for a ta:-ii Its a beautiful day</p><p>= one thing or person</p><p>Cl Rachel works in a bank (not in bank)</p><p>iii Can I ask a question? [not ask question)</p><p>D I don t have a job nght now</p><p>II]</p><p>an [not a) before al'el'il'oi'u.</p><p>CI Do you want an apple or a banana?</p><p>Theres a woman at the bus stop</p><p>Cl Im going to buy a hat and an umbrella</p><p>Ci There was an interesting program on T‘v' last night</p><p>olso an hour (h is not pronounced. anfiour)</p><p>but a university [pronounced yuniversity)</p><p>a European country (pronounced yuropeen)</p><p>another (= an + other) is one word</p><p>iii Can I have another cup of coffee?</p><p>We use alan when we say what a thing or a person is For example</p><p>i_" The sun is a star</p><p>Football is a game</p><p>Dallas is a city in Texas</p><p>A mouse is an animal Its a small animal</p><p>ll]</p><p>[:1</p><p>I” _l</p><p>5 .</p><p>'-_-'</p><p>We use alan for jobs etc.</p><p>A What do you do?</p><p>s lm a dentist (not I m dentist)</p><p>Ki</p><p>Joe is a very nice person</p><p>Q “What does Mark do?" Hes an engineer</p><p>LI Would you like to be a teacher?</p><p>I") Beethoven was a composer</p><p>III Picasso was a famous painter</p><p>III Are you a student?</p><p>a bottle I some water lcountrnoncountl -I Units ts-as alan and the -I Unit 62?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write aor an.</p><p>1 ,,,..,..ri!r1..-.....old book 4 airport I? university</p><p>______,___,,________winder-,-v 5 newairport B hour2</p><p>3</p><p>What are these things? Choose from the box.</p><p>I."l</p><p>'\-.</p><p>l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>I</p><p>ilk‘.-</p><p>1 ....£zheTa.e..ri.entiet... ..</p><p>2</p><p>3 She..-.......</p><p>4</p><p>@</p><p>.-"'r</p><p>_</p><p>,,,, _.horse 6 organization 9 __..............-..economic problem</p><p>-blI=d- fruit mountain river</p><p>flower game planet tool</p><p>Aducl-:is......A..l?lI'.?;=l</p><p>Acarrotis.-.......... . ..</p><p>Tennis .</p><p>A hammer</p><p>Everest is .. .. . IIJ</p><p>6</p><p>3'</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>musical instrument</p><p>vegetable J</p><p>Saturn is</p><p>A banana is</p><p>The Amazon is . .</p><p>A rose is</p><p>Atrumpet is ..5</p><p>@ What are their jobs? Choose from the box and complete the sentences.</p><p>.e '-___</p><p>architect -dent-ist— sales clerk photographer j</p><p>electrician</p><p>nurse taiti driver .</p><p>-j__i__i _ -</p><p>li</p><p>Fl”;</p><p>ls"_ij</p><p>1'.-I:</p><p>H. .</p><p>I</p><p>Clan I help you?</p><p>I E}</p><p>d</p><p>D'J""-J'U"'-l-.-l"'l</p><p>j $W& Rebecca works in j</p><p>Tom never wears lane wants to learn + j party question-</p><p>‘H.-E</p><p>EIII!lI“\~JG“~'l-.~l"'-‘lb-.li..i-.ll'-\.II—\</p><p>I can't ride Mike lives in</p><p>My brother is Tonight I'm going to</p><p>. . I..rrr-int.t-o.a.r~Is.;~.ro.u.e..aue.ati.on.-.. .. . .</p><p>’—- tile.-Ala? lJl':"..l {sue</p><p>...--_—.-_—'._-—-—--.._._,___s-.-:'--—-Z _</p><p>M i</p><p>And you? I'm . . .</p><p>Write sentences. Choose from the two boires. Use alan where necessary.</p><p>,r’_ -“L 1'"-. .r"'_ _</p><p>LMi.—.-IIII-—"</p><p>i'</p><p>,_-"' --_</p><p>old house artist</p><p>j office foreign language</p><p>jig hill kf</p><p>. .. iIJ'</p><p>train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural)</p><p>The plural of a noun is usually -s: i?</p><p>singulor (= one) piurol {= two or more)</p><p>a flower some flowers</p><p>a train two trains "*-</p><p>one week a few weeks</p><p>a nice place some nice places</p><p>this student these studentsilllli</p><p>a flower some flowers</p><p>Spelling {see Appendix S): H _ __ __ _ _ _ _____ _ _ __</p><p>-s I -sh J —ch I -it —> —es bus —-ii buses dish -—:r dishes</p><p>church —-i- churches boa —:i boxes</p><p>also potato —-:r potatoes tomato ~—:+ tomatoes I</p><p>l-l _ L |-I-I-I-I ii Iii</p><p>-y —:i -ies baby —> babies dictionary —:r dictionaries party Hr parties .</p><p>but —ay J —ey;‘ -oy -1 -ys day —:i days monkey —} monkeys boy Hi boys -</p><p>l :fl -fe —a -ves shelf -ii shelves knife —i- knives wife +1» wives</p><p>These things are plural in English:</p><p>scissors glasses pants jeans shorts tights ‘pajamas</p><p>\rfil.?</p><p>Cl Do you wear glasses?</p><p>U Where are the scissors? I need them.</p><p>You can also say a pair of scissors J a pair of pants J a pair of pajamas, etc.:</p><p>i.'.'_T" I need a new pair of jeans. or I need some new jeans. {not a new jeans}</p><p>Some plurals do not end in -s:</p><p>this man —i+ these men one foot —i- two feet that sheep —i~ those sheep</p><p>a woman —i» some women a tooth ——:i- all my teeth a fish -1 a lot offish</p><p>a child —ir many children a mouse -1- some mice</p><p>-also a person —ii two people r‘ some people I a lot of people. etc.:</p><p>T.'_i- She's a nice person.</p><p>but They are nice people. {not nice persons)</p><p>People is plural (= they). so we say people are I people have, etc.:</p><p>LI A lot of people speak English. (not speaks)</p><p>fl I like the people here. They are very friendly.</p><p>Police is plural:</p><p>CI The police want to talk to anybody who saw the accident. (not The police wants)</p><p>Exe irLatiguage.con:i</p><p>Write the plural.</p><p>i</p><p>‘I flower . .. 5 umbrella E? family</p><p>2 boat ti address 10 foot</p><p>3 woman F knife 1'l holiday</p><p>4 city B sandwich 12 potato</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.</p><p>fiiiil 3</p><p>iIir__iIi'</p><p>I</p><p>_-P</p><p>.-"-</p><p>'4.</p><p>ltl l_| I-I</p><p>ijifil t3Al?‘r'l|_i] jliii . LUCY</p><p>"I--,____.l</p><p>iII;Il'</p><p>iii</p><p>I-I I</p><p>‘H-- ill</p><p>-':|:.q, r|.—:i,-I...</p><p>‘l.I'</p><p>I73..- i";|!‘\_-"II ' .I'-'|1_r.'I" .3-r‘</p><p>1 There are a lot of......ol‘l.-‘ii-ii‘-iFl1?..... . in the field. 4 Lucy has two ..</p><p>2 Gary is brushing his . . ,. . S There arealot in the rivet</p><p>3 There are three .. .. .at the bus stop. 6 are falling from the tree.</p><p>Are these sentences UK? Change the sentences where necessary.</p><p>‘I I'm going to buy some flowers. .-</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>T</p><p>3</p><p>9</p><p>"Ill?</p><p>11</p><p>"I2</p><p>13</p><p>‘I4</p><p>I need a new jegns. .. ..-l..neosl..a.oerr.pai.r..ofJeane.. ..or.. . .</p><p>It's a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree. .. .. . ..</p><p>There was a woman in the car with two mens.</p><p>Sheep eat grass.</p><p>David is married and has three childs.</p><p>Most of my friend are student.</p><p>He put on his pajama and went to bed.</p><p>We went fishing, but we didn't catch many fish.</p><p>Do you know many persons in this town?</p><p>I like your pants- Where did you get it?</p><p>Montreal is usually full of tourist.</p><p>I don't like mice. I'm scared of them.</p><p>This scissor isn't very sharp.</p><p>Which is right? Complete the sentences.</p><p>'l It's a nice place. Many people there on vacation. go or goes?</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>-'-'i</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F’</p><p>3</p><p>9</p><p>ll]</p><p>Some people late. is or are?</p><p>The new city hall is not a beautiful building. Most people</p><p>like it. don't or doesn't?</p><p>A lot of people .. .. . T‘v' every day. watch or watches?</p><p>Three people .. . .................,...-......injured in the accident. was or were?</p><p>How many people in that house? live or lives?</p><p>the police know the cause of the explosion? Do or Does?</p><p>The police looking for the stolen cat is or are?</p><p>I need my glasses. but I can't find . it or them?</p><p>I'm going to buy new jeans today. a or some?</p><p>2</p><p>A noun can be count or nantaunt.</p><p>Count nouns</p><p>For example: la) car la) man (a) bottle (a) house {a)ltey (an)ii:lea</p><p>You can use oneitwolthree. etc. + count nouns (you can count them):</p><p>Fl Fifi</p><p>Lltl</p><p>one bottle two bottles three men</p><p>Count nouns can be singular (= one] or plural (= two or more):</p><p>_ I</p><p>Singular ' a car the car my car. etc.</p><p>Plural | cars two cars the cars some cars many cars. etc. i</p><p>L. __ _ _ M1“ - -- _ ---—-I</p><p>Ci l have a car.</p><p>i--i New cars are very expensive.</p><p>I._i Tnere aren't many cars in the parking lot.</p><p>You can't use the singular (carlbottielkey. etc.) alone. You need alai-i:</p><p>51- We can't get into the house without a key. (not without key)</p><p>Noncount nouns</p><p>For example: water air rice salt plastic money music tennis</p><p>. ‘I Irm-</p><p>:,.. ,3 ‘fl</p><p>water salt money</p><p>You can't say onertivolthree. etc. + these things: -one-water -ewe-musies</p><p>Noncount nouns have only one form:</p><p>money the money my money some money much money. etc.</p><p>ll] I have some money.</p><p>l._.I There isn't much money in the box.</p><p>*-. Money isn't everything.</p><p>You can't use ailan + nantaunt nouns: jriimoney ya: music jawater</p><p>But you can say a piece of... la bottle of. . ... etc. + nantaunt noun:</p><p>a bottle of water a carton of milk a bar of soap</p><p>a piece of cheese a bottle of perfume a piece of music</p><p>a bowl of rite a cup of coffee a game of tennis</p><p>alan -I Unit E3 countlnoncount 2 -I Unit 66</p><p>(an) accident</p><p>four houses</p><p>.11'1'?"“-___;"' i:s1'llI"i:j,':r‘ti-rre .1‘:-'?~"'a-:s:.=.~.§‘,1 AL;</p><p>music</p><p>Exercises</p><p>What are these things? Some are count and some are noncount. Write aran if necessary</p><p>The names of these things are:</p><p>r'*—' *"'" "\I bucket envelope money sand ttiothbrush wallet</p><p>'~..j_%hegg jug -silt-___ I-spoon toothpaste waterJ)</p><p>Q I. j ‘</p><p>It's It's .</p><p>l-I.-_.|.I—iI_.|Ii.l</p><p>2*-</p><p>lei.</p><p>i'i'|</p><p>I</p><p>I~16it-"'1-I-1"! I</p><p>' T o *5? "£5?’-"i"</p><p>iii Ii I'I_iI</p><p>...</p><p>I |_.I -I</p><p>_1-5</p><p>ill‘</p><p>‘is i . I .r'</p><p>Some of these sentences are Dl<_. but some need alan. Write aran where necessary.</p><p>1 I don't have watch. .... ..a..ir?a..1..'roh............. .. El</p><p>10</p><p>1 1</p><p>12</p><p>‘I3</p><p>‘I4</p><p>"IS</p><p>‘I6</p><p>2 Do you like cheese?</p><p>3 I never wear hat.</p><p>4 Are you looking for job? .</p><p>S Kate doesn't eat meat.</p><p>6 I-tare eats apple every day.</p><p>7? I'm going to party tonight.</p><p>E Music is wonderful thing.</p><p>What are these things? Write a . . . of. . . for each picture. Use the words in the boxes.</p><p>Jamaica is island.</p><p>I don't need key.</p><p>Everybody needs food.</p><p>I've got good idea.</p><p>Can you drive car?</p><p>Do you want cup of coffee?</p><p>I don't like coffee without milk.</p><p>Don't go out without umbrella.</p><p>I. ."i._,</p><p>E</p><p>"'-:</p><p>.,|_1=_</p><p>—</p><p>3%</p><p>éj ‘0</p><p>/fi'i ‘fr jiai El IE J3? I “H er" H‘ is? H "i</p><p>i /’</p><p>bar cup loaf 3" bread paper tea</p><p>+ honey soap waterj bowl glass piece</p><p>.-eaiaon- jar piecei -mills soup wood</p><p>‘I 4 I?</p><p>2 5 s</p><p>3 is 9</p><p>' oi""""*"g</p><p>alan and some</p><p>alan f singular taunt nouns (cariapplefshoe. etc.]: -e.__-_</p><p>-I'_'I I need a new car</p><p>I. Would you like an apple?</p><p>some + plural taunt nouns (carslapplesfshoes, etc.}: _ e</p><p>I need some new shoes.</p><p>'l--l= Would you like some apples?</p><p>some + nantaunt nouns lwaterlmoneylmusic, etc.):</p><p>I need some water.</p><p>Would you like some cheese?</p><p>(or Would you like a piece of cheese?)</p><p>Compare a and some:</p><p>U Nicole bought a hat. some shoes. and some perfume.</p><p>'1'. '.i I read a newspaper. made some phone calls. and listened to some music</p><p>Many nouns are sometimes count and sometimes noncount. For example:</p><p>I Q Q I</p><p>‘___ -5- |§F'__ ‘L’.-. .-I</p><p>‘I-_ _-</p><p>an apple</p><p>some apples</p><p>some cheese or</p><p>a piece of cheese</p><p>a cake some cakes some cake or a piece of cake</p><p>a chicken some chickens some chicken or a piece of chicken</p><p>Compare a paper (= a newspaper) and some paper:</p><p>C? I want something to read. I'm going to buy a paper.</p><p>but Cl I want to make a shopping list.</p><p>I need some paper I a piece of paper. (not a paper)</p><p>Be careful with: '</p><p>advice bread furniture hair information news weather work</p><p>These nouns are usually noncount. So you can't say alan . . . (-a-bread-. -an-aelviee-}. and they can't be</p><p>plural ledyiees-. -hare-ieures-. etc).</p><p>ill Can I talk to you? I need some advice. {not an advice}</p><p>Cl |'rn going to buy some bread. (not a bread]</p><p>ill They've got some nice furniture in their house. (not furnitures)</p><p>El Lauren has very long hair. (not hairs}</p><p>‘ll Where can I get some information about hotels in Mexico City? [not informations)</p><p>11:3 Listen! l've got some good news. {not a good news) -</p><p>'11:? It's nice weather today. (not a nice weather)</p><p>i_l “Do you like your job?" “Yes. but it's hard work" (not a hard work}</p><p>We say ajob (but not a work):</p><p>ii 1' I've got a new job. (not a new work)</p><p>countlnoncount 1 -It Unit ES some and any -Ii Unit 7'4</p><p>Exercises</p><p>What can you see in these pictures? Use: or some.</p><p>‘I</p><p>Ir —</p><p>-l‘l'-li...I-.1Il"-'|—l</p><p>Ir.-""'</p><p>If' .\:'_I“</p><p>.r'I</p><p>1- I’ '</p><p>1-1" 1</p><p>.. .</p><p>. 3 v| _- __</p><p>__ ._ .-_r—.</p><p>-_-I._.___:?_:'l:\ .l</p><p>. l._ Id</p><p>ll</p><p>—I_ .</p><p>. I - i_-I</p><p>.__ _ Ir</p><p>1_ '. _</p><p>-I‘!</p><p>-3-__-T‘. lr 5- l</p><p>":4" __,_______,_________,_,_________ ___. _,._ __ _ .-"'</p><p>Write sentences with Would you like a . . . I or Would you like some . . . I</p><p>!i- '2:</p><p>if</p><p>|_ l</p><p>‘I1-</p><p>-E</p><p>"lia-</p><p>-|._ _ ' ,H.,;:}_\,_'l$“</p><p>.| _ -'-</p><p>'C'</p><p>I \I'%</p><p>I I i-- r I r - - ' -'1T - - L - - - --I a I I r - - I 1 . . I J I | - - - J_.|_l_,_</p><p>I . '</p><p>--" I‘ _</p><p>efiifihfivirr</p><p>—\.</p><p>'-..rJl"-.J'---\- Would</p><p>Write aian or some.</p><p>. ....i'.\Ii;'.v.ld.</p><p>Would you like . . .. ..</p><p>1 I read book and listenedtomusic.</p><p>2 I need monev. Iwant to buvfood.</p><p>3 We met .. interesting people at the partv.</p><p>4 I'm going to open . .. window to get...... Fresh air.</p><p>5 Rachel didn't eat much for lunch — only .. .. apple and .. .. bread.</p><p>6 We live in big house. There's.....-....... . -. nice vard with beautiful trees.</p><p>7' I’rn going to make a table. First I neecl wood.</p><p>8 Listen to me carerullv. l’m going to give you advice.</p><p>9 I want to make a list of things to do. I need paper and pen.</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>‘I |’m going to buy some new-shocwlshoes. {shoes is right]</p><p>2 Dan has brown egefeges.</p><p>3 Sofia has short black hairghairs.</p><p>4 The tour guide gave us some informationflinformations about the citv.</p><p>5 We're going to buy some new chairflchairs.</p><p>6 We’re going to buy some new furnitureffurnitures.</p><p>I-’ It's hard to find a worl-:,-f'|oI:r these days-</p><p>3 We had wonderful weather I a wonderful weather when we were on vacation.</p><p>"'-.</p><p>‘-.</p><p>l</p><p>J</p><p>aian the</p><p>Can you open</p><p>the window?</p><p>Can you open</p><p>a window?</p><p>’ There are three windows here- l - There is only one window here - =</p><p>a window = window ‘I or 2 or 3 I E the window. _l</p><p>=' I have a car. ." I’m going to wash the car tomorrow.</p><p>(there are many cars and I have one) I (= my car)</p><p>=" .» Can I ask. a question? ‘:1 Can you repeat the question, please?</p><p>[there are many questions — can I ask one?) (= the question that you asked}</p><p>5:! ls there a hotel near here? (there are -I We enjoyed our vacation. The hotel</p><p>many hotels —- is there one near here?) _ was very nice. [= our hotel)</p><p>Paris is an interesting city. [there are I .' Paris is the capital of France.</p><p>many interesting cities and Paris is one] I (there is only one capital of France)</p><p>. Sarah is a student. ..? Sarah is the youngest student in</p><p>(there are many students and Lisa is one} l her class. [there is only one youngest</p><p>student in her class)</p><p>Compare a and the:</p><p>-"'_'.= lhought ajacket and ashirt. Thejacket was cheap, but the shirt was expensive.</p><p>(= the jacket and the shirt that I bought)</p><p>We say the. . . when it is clear which thing or person we mean. For example:</p><p>the door I the ceiling I the floor I the carpet I the light, etc. (of o roorn)</p><p>the roof i’ the backyard I the kitchen I the bathroom, etc. (ofo house)</p><p>the airport ,1‘ the police station Jl the bus station I the mayor's office. etc. {ofo city)</p><p>Ci “Where's Tom?" "In the kitchen.“ '-</p><p>(= the kitchen of this house or apartment}</p><p>|_- '_I'= Tum ofi‘ the light and close the door. the dour _'j_'F"fl '3'" ""i"""l'l"‘1</p><p>’__ (= the light gndfrthe dpor of the room] HI</p><p>J__I- Do you live ar om t e airport? ' flu</p><p>__ (= the airport of your town) |||:|gi</p><p>I _.I I'd like to speak to the manager, please.</p><p>(= the manager of this store, etc.)</p><p>_|_--i.-</p><p>afan -I Unit 63 the -Ir Units 65-TI</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write aian or the.</p><p>1 We enjoyed our trip. hotel was very nice.</p><p>L? "Can I ask question?" "Sure. What do you want to know?"</p><p>3 You look very tired. You need vacation.</p><p>4 "Where's Ioe?" “He's in bathroom."</p><p>5 Jessica isinteresting person. You should meet her.</p><p>ti a: Excuse me. can you tell me how to get to post office?</p><p>a: Yes, go straight and then take next left.</p><p>3? a." Let's go and see movie tonight.</p><p>a: GK, that’s good idea.</p><p>8 nice moming. Let’s go walk.</p><p>9 Amanda is . student. When she finishes school, she wants to he .. ...}ournalist.</p><p>She lives with two friends in apartmentnear college where she is studying.</p><p>apartment is small, out she likes it.</p><p>II] Peter and Mary have two children, boy and . girl. boy is seven years</p><p>old, and girl is three. Peter worl-as in factory.Mary doesn't have . job</p><p>outside the home right now.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use I orthe + these words:</p><p>'l_.?I'!IiP.‘?'TF_ . . ..!?¥!P___---Eii‘EiE?“E!'!'_ "er Pi'=mrsl..</p><p>l</p><p>F'.=|</p><p>C3" Ir'*1?l-1 ‘4?l1?f-'I"' How far is it to.,please? ' "</p><p>WT“ I</p><p>Can you pass me l</p><p>Please?</p><p>I</p><p>That's nice</p><p>. - I like it</p><p>Why are you sitting</p><p>These sentences are not correct. Put in afnn orthe where necessary.</p><p>‘I lIIIon’t forgetm when you go out.</p><p>2 Enjoy your trip, and don’t forget to send me postcard.</p><p>3 What is name of this town? ................ ..</p><p>4 Canada is very big country.</p><p>5 What is largest city in Canada?</p><p>6 I like this room, but I don't like color of carpet.</p><p>I’ "Are you GK?’ "No, I've got headache."</p><p>E We live in old house near station. ..</p><p>9 What is name of director of movie we saw last night?</p><p>We use the when it is clear which thing or person we mean:</p><p>1.1 What is the name of this street? (there is only one name)</p><p>" Who is the best player on your team? (there is only one best player)</p><p>Tl. Can you tell me the time, please? (= the time now)</p><p>fl My office is on the first floor. (= the first floor of the building)</p><p>Don't forget the:</p><p>5' .-- Do you live near the airport? (not near airport)</p><p>Excuse me, where is the nearest bank? {not where is nearest . . .)</p><p>the same .. .</p><p>ill We live on the same street. (not on same street)</p><p>1'.".".i “Are these two books different?" “No, they're the same." {not they're same)</p><p>We Say:</p><p>the sun I the moon I the world I the sky I the ocean I the country</p><p>'_ .- The sky is blue. and the sun is shining. "</p><p>'. ' Do you live in a city or in the country? - _ - -</p><p>the police I the fire department I the army (of a city, country, etc.)</p><p>" . My brother is a soldier. He's in the army.</p><p>ii What do you think of the police? Do they do a good job? the top_. _1</p><p>the top I the end I the middle I the left. etc. the</p><p>Write your name at the top of the page. the |E_f[ ___, f the right</p><p>'_.'.~ My house is at the end of this block. mid,;||g |</p><p>"'§'.i' The table is in the middle of the room. ____ _!</p><p>ii Do you drive on the right or on the left in your country? the bgtlgfn</p><p>(play)_the pianoIthe guitarI the trumpet. etc. {musical instruments) ‘___ ,</p><p>Anna is learning to playthe piano. “F l l l §</p><p>the radio 5</p><p>i'._.'i' I listen to the radio a lot. jg</p><p>the Internet</p><p>'7.-.l What do you use the Internet for?</p><p>We do not use the with:</p><p>televisionITV</p><p>"'._.' I watch TV a lot.</p><p>"TI What's on television tonight?</p><p>but Can you tum off the TV? {= the T‘v’ set)</p><p>breal_tfastIiunchIdinner</p><p>*7 I What did you have for breakfast? {not the breakfast)</p><p>TL‘-5 Dinner is ready!</p><p>nextflast + weekImonthIyearIsummerIMonday, etc.</p><p>LI I'm not working next week (nor the next week]</p><p>'3. .§' Did you take a vacation last summer? (not the last summer)</p><p>aIan and the -Ir Unit 6? the -I Units £9-T1 the oldest I the most expensive. etc. -I Unit I-B</p><p>_</p><p>Exercises</p><p>"IO</p><p>l'i</p><p>12</p><p>'l3</p><p>"I4</p><p>I5</p><p>Put in the where necessary.</p><p>Write DK if the sentence is already correct.</p><p>‘| What jg name gf [E-jig ggrggfl</p><p>3 Dur apartment is on second floor.</p><p>4 Would you like to go to moon?</p><p>5 What is best hotel in this town?</p><p>6 What time is lunch?</p><p>2 How far is it to football stadium?</p><p>8 We're taking a trip at end of May.</p><p>9 What are you doing next weekend?</p><p>I didn't like her first time I met her.</p><p>I'm going out after dinner.</p><p>It's easy to get information from Internet.</p><p>My sister got married last month.</p><p>My dictionary is on top shelf on right.</p><p>We live in country about ‘ID miles from nearest town.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use the same + these words:</p><p>"-</p><p>|___ age color problem -s|a=eet- time J</p><p>1 I live on hlorth Street. and you live on North Street. We liveon</p><p>2 I arrived at 3:30, and you arrived at 3:30. We arrivedat</p><p>3 Iim is 25, and Sue is 25. Iim and Sue are .. ..</p><p>4 My shirt is dark blue. and so is my jacket. My shirt and jacket are</p><p>S I have no money, and you have no money. We have .</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the if necessary.</p><p>|'T_| L III l _ "4. l r'=;."~ l</p><p>lTllJl'l'lll"l~g</p><p>—J</p><p>ai</p><p>:-</p><p>—r-fli_ .in-I-— ---1 - --_-1</p><p>Lisa Bloch</p><p>Ptt.u.l Roberts</p><p>Chris Eton-E</p><p>Rebecoia Wnlson</p><p>So.rn.l1 rteI.lr_._|</p><p>Torn. Howard</p><p>-rll</p><p>1 is shining. 4 He's watching</p><p>2 She's playing 5 They're swimming in</p><p>3 They're having .. .. 6 Tom's name is at of the list</p><p>Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.</p><p>{capital -dinners lunch middle name police sky TV)</p><p>I We had ata restaurant last night.</p><p>2 We stayed at a very nice hotel, but I don't remember ..</p><p>3 is very clear tonight. You can see all the stars.</p><p>4 Sometimes there are some good programs on .. late at night.</p><p>S stopped me because I was driving too fast.</p><p>6 Tokyo is of Japan.</p><p>? "What did you have for ?" "A salad."</p><p>B I woke up in . of the night.</p><p>. .-. ._. .. .. . .. .-. ._._. .- |.</p><p>go to work go home go to the hospital</p><p>#_,,,-r-1"‘</p><p>.-I"""-r P J</p><p>___.--""" l</p><p>' They're going to school. He's in bed.She s at work</p><p>We say:</p><p>go to work be at work, start work, finish work</p><p>'l.- Bye! I'm goingto work now. {not to the work)</p><p>[.1 I finish work at 5:00 every day. _</p><p>go to school, be at school, start school. finish school, etc.</p><p>il.-I What did you learn at school today? [not at the school)</p><p>=":..= Some children don't like school.</p><p>go to oollege, be in college</p><p>iii Rachel wants to go to college when she finishes high school.</p><p>=."'...i What did you study in college?</p><p>go to class, be in class</p><p>l"..I' I can't talk now. I have to go to class.</p><p>Ci I'll be in class until 5:00 today. I'll call you when I get out.</p><p>go to prisonIjail, be in prisonfjail</p><p>IL Why is he in prison? What did he do?</p><p>go to church, be inIat churdt</p><p>Ci David usually goes to church on Sundays.</p><p>gotobed,beinbed</p><p>ll: I'm tired I'm goingto bed. (not to the bed}</p><p>":1 "Where's Amanda?" “She's in bed.“</p><p>go home. be (at) home, stay (at) home, etc.</p><p>'T'_II I'm tired. I'm going home. [not to home)</p><p>Cr Are you going out tonight, or are you staying home? or . . . are you staying at home?</p><p>We say:</p><p>go to the bank I the post office I the hospital I the train station I the bus station I</p><p>the airport I the theater I the movies</p><p>.T'_'.I- “Are you going to the bank?" "No, to the post office."</p><p>IS.) The number 5 bus goes to the airport; the number B goes to</p><p>the train station.</p><p>7.] I never go to the theater. but I go to the movies a lot.</p><p>go to the doctor, the dentist</p><p>'_.'I- You're not well. Why don't you go to the doctor?</p><p>the -I Units I57-$3, Tl!-Tl</p><p>I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.</p><p>Inlet -I 'lJI'lll3 104-105 toI|nIat -Ir Unit 106 (at) home ‘I: Unit 10-E</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.</p><p>T</p><p>-I‘.</p><p>_,_J- -_-|_l_</p><p>.-!!I?'¥_ITis'i=iy_;-</p><p>-‘ Q; 11</p><p>-:--"</p><p>""-I'_a</p><p>ll -</p><p>1' .orqlt</p><p>a</p><p>.~'i.r..</p><p>1"</p><p>-I-1. I</p><p>1 He's 3 He'sin...-..-..-..-..-..... . S They're</p><p>2 They'real: 4 E-1 She's in</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use the if necessary.</p><p>fr-banle bed -elvu-reh- Tome post office school statiUL:_..*</p><p>1 I need to get some money. I have to goto</p><p>2 David usually goes to on Sundays.</p><p>3 In the United States, childrenstart at the age of five-</p><p>4 There were a lot of people at waiting for the train.</p><p>S We went to their house, but they weren't . .</p><p>6 I'm going to now. Crood night!</p><p>2 I'm going to to get some stamps.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the.</p><p>1 If you want to catch a plane, you ..</p><p>2 Ifyou want to see a movie, you go to</p><p>3 Ifyou are tired and you want to sleep, you .. .. .. ..</p><p>4 Ifyou rob a bank and the police catch you, you</p><p>S Ifyou have a problem with your teeth. you .. .. .. ..</p><p>6 If you want to study after you finish high school, you .. .</p><p>2 Ifyou are badly injured in an accident, you .. ..</p><p>Are these sentences UK? Correct the sentences where necessary.</p><p>‘I We wgr'|[ gr; mgr,-i§5 I35; |"|igh[_ ..</p><p>2 I finigh wgrk 35 551]] Every day .. .. ..</p><p>3 Megan wasn't feeling well yesterday, so she went to doctor. .. ..</p><p>4 I wasn't feeling well this morning, so I stayed in bed.</p><p>S Why is Lauren always late for work?</p><p>6 "Where are your children?“ "They're at school."</p><p>2 We have no money in bank.</p><p>S When I was younger. I went to church every Sunday-</p><p>9 What time do you usually get home from work?</p><p>10 Sorry I couldn't call you back earlier: I was in class-</p><p>11 "Where should vve meet?" “At station."</p><p>12 Kate takes her children to school every day-</p><p>13 Jim is sick. He's in hospital.</p><p>14 Would you like to go to college? .................... ..</p><p>1S Would you like to go to theater tonight?</p><p>I don't; like</p><p>We do not use the for general ideas:</p><p>IQ-'..i I like music. especially classical music. -</p><p>(not the music - . . the classical music)</p><p>T . We don't eat meat very often. [not the meat)</p><p>'1" Life is not possible without water. "</p><p>(not The life. . . the water)</p><p>if-.1 I hate exams (not the exams)</p><p>LI ls there a store near here that sells newspapers?</p><p>We do not use the for games and sports:</p><p>I My favorite sports are tennis and skiing (not the tennis . . . the skiing)</p><p>We do not use the for languages or school subjects [historwgeographyIphysicsIbiology, etc-):</p><p>I ..1 Do you think English is difficult? (not the English) r</p><p>if-.= Tom's brother is studying physics and chemistry. '</p><p>flowers or the flowers?</p><p>Compare:</p><p>Flowers are beautiful- '_ I love your garden. _</p><p>(= flowers in general) I The flowers are beautiful. -|-hg flowflrs</p><p>' (= the flowers in your are beautiful,</p><p>i garden)</p><p>'7 I don't like cold weather- j . 111e weather isn't very</p><p>[= cold weather in general) . good today.</p><p>(= the weather today)</p><p>{= fish in general) night. The fish was</p><p>. excellent.</p><p>(= the fish we ate last</p><p>night)</p><p>1:. We don't eat fish very often. I IT We had a great meal last ---</p><p>Q Are you interested in history? _- Do you know much</p><p>(= history in general) about the history of</p><p>your country?</p><p>the -I‘ Units 6?-65!. 21</p><p>Exercises</p><p>I'm (very) interested in . . . I know a lot about . . . I don't know much about . .</p><p>What do you think about these things?</p><p>Iflllbig cities computer games exams jazz parties";</p><p>-kchocolate dogs housework museums tennisggi</p><p>Choose seven of these things and write sentences with:</p><p>llike... ldon'tlike... I love I hate...</p><p>. ....I hate.exarna..-.... or . ....l..I.i.ke-.e.x.a.ri1.e... .. ..</p><p>U3"‘-.II'JI"'i-‘I..il‘l-l'1'-.\l..i-Ill"-.lI—l-</p><p>Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with:</p><p>I.|-</p><p>-H I m not interested in . . . I know a little about . . . I don't know anything about</p><p>t1‘~.i.ri-It-i.r.ir-.l-1</p><p>.rI'—'I-i.history) . . .l'rr1 very Inteteeted.in..hie-t-oi:,r.</p><p>,.--4...--....--i...-—-...--i.I'DElli-‘I</p><p>El</p><p>politics)</p><p>sports)</p><p>rt)</p><p>stronomy)</p><p>conomics)</p><p>"I0</p><p>'l'l</p><p>‘I2</p><p>13</p><p>‘I4</p><p>15</p><p>‘I?</p><p>13</p><p>IS‘</p><p>20</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>1 My favorite sport is footballI (football is right)</p><p>2 I like this hotel. fThe rooms are very nice. {The rooms is right)</p><p>3 Everybody needs frienclsfl the friends-</p><p>4 Rachel doesn't go to parties I the parties very often.</p><p>5 I went shopping at the mall this morning. _S_tp_res I The stores were very crowded.</p><p>Ei "Where's milk I the milk?" "It's in the fridge."</p><p>2' I don't like milk I the milk. I never drink it.</p><p>8 "Do you play</p><p>any sports?" "Yes, I play basketball I the basketball."</p><p>9 An architect is a person who designs puildings I the _bu_iIdiJg§._.</p><p>We went for a swim in the river. Water I The water was very cold.</p><p>I don't like swimming in cold waterj the cold water-</p><p>Excuse me, can you pass salt I the salt, please?</p><p>I like this town. I like people I the people here.</p><p>Vegetables I The vegetables are good for you-</p><p>S Houses I The houses on this street are all the same.</p><p>I can't sing this song. I don't know words I the words.</p><p>I enjoy taking pictures I the pictures. It's my hobby-</p><p>Do you want to see pictures I the pictures that I took when I was on vacation?</p><p>English I The English is used a lot in _l_I_"I_l_l_Z_i’.ffI1&ElIIl*I"iH_llZIlLISli1E§S I the international business-</p><p>Money I The money doesn't always bring happiness I the ha_p_pinesg-</p><p>Places (continents, countries, states, islands, towns, etc.)</p><p>In general we do not use tl1e with names of places:</p><p>IT! Quebec is a province of Canada</p><p>Cairo is the capital of Egypt.</p><p>I1'.'.'.- Hawaii is an island in the Pacific.</p><p>i'.' i Peru is in South America.</p><p>But we use the in names with ’republic’rF'states'r"lcingtlom’:</p><p>the Dominican Republic</p><p>the United States of America (the USA]</p><p>the United Kingdom (the UK]</p><p>the -s (plurai names]</p><p>We use the with plural names of countries!islandsimountains:</p><p>the Netheriands the Hawaiian islands</p><p>the Philippines the Andes '</p><p>Seas. rivers, etc.</p><p>We use the with names of oceanslseas!riversfcanalsz</p><p>the Atlantic (Ocean) the Mediterranean (Sea) the Amazon</p><p>the Nile (River) the Panama Canal the Black Sea</p><p>Places in towns (streets. buildings, etc.)</p><p>In general, we clo not use the with names of streets, squares, etc.:</p><p>l-'--7" Kevin lives on Central Avenue.</p><p>Li Where is Main Street, please?</p><p>Ci Times Square is in New York.</p><p>We do not use the with names of airports, train stations, parks, and manv</p><p>important buildings:</p><p>C'l'Hare International Airport Yosemite (National Park)</p><p>Pennsylvania Station Carnegie Hall</p><p>also</p><p>Harvard University, Pomona College, etc.</p><p>Eiut we use the with names of most hotels, museurns, theaters, and monuments:</p><p>the Regent Hotel the National Theater</p><p>the Metropolitan (Museum) the Cineplea (movie theater)</p><p>the Taj Mahal the Lincoln Memorial</p><p>the...of...</p><p>We use the + names with. ..of.. .1</p><p>the Museum of Modern Art the University of California</p><p>the Great Wall of China the Statue of Libertv</p><p>We sav the north I the south I the east; the west (of . . .):</p><p>r""r I o-eeioreflis. . Ive been to the north of Italy, but not to the south.</p><p>FE?</p><p>|l"r:_.EiI'lg11ft1gl'i'.f.1_o1n</p><p>the -Ii Units sa-an</p><p>666</p><p>®</p><p>@</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Answer these geography questions. Choose from the boat. Use ‘I111: if necessary.</p><p>. _ _ r__—'-I|||.I|-I-</p><p>Iqtll</p><p>D3'*\-lCl-"'r.'-.-|"l-lb-l-.-I-Il'-.II-1-</p><p>is the capital of Egypt.</p><p>is between Africa and America.</p><p>is a country in northern Europe.</p><p>is a river in South America.</p><p>is the largest continent in the world.</p><p>is the largest ocean.</p><p>is a river in Europe.</p><p>is a country in Bast Africa.</p><p>is between Canada and Mexico.</p><p>are mountains in South America.</p><p>is the capital of Thailand.</p><p>are mountains in central Europe.</p><p>is between Saudi Arabia and Africa.</p><p>is an island in the Caribbean.</p><p>are a group of islancls near Florida.</p><p>9</p><p>ll}</p><p>11</p><p>"ll</p><p>"I3</p><p>14</p><p>15</p><p>-|-------- llll-l'|l'l'</p><p>-|..------ IJ-I--I-llll</p><p>|,|-I".-I ------------</p><p>|||."|.||- -I--I-I-I--I</p><p>|-||-||-I1 ----------"</p><p>II—II—III ----.....|.J</p><p>Write the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write UK.</p><p>1-</p><p>-In ' -\-h,____.</p><p>bl? J}</p><p>I.</p><p>Alps</p><p>Amazon</p><p>Andes</p><p>Asia</p><p>-Aslaesie</p><p>Bahamas</p><p>Bangkok</p><p>-Ga-i-|=e-</p><p>Iarnaica</p><p>Kenya</p><p>Pacific</p><p>Red Sea</p><p>Rhine</p><p>Sweden</p><p>United States</p><p>1 flgwln |i\,,r.E5 fin (:E|11;|';|| A'r,,rg|'1|_|_E_</p><p>2 We wgng [C] 555 3 play 3|; Natigflal Th§3_[§|j</p><p>3 Have you ever been to China?</p><p>4 Have you ever been to Philippines?</p><p>S Have you ever been to south of France?</p><p>6 Can you tell me where Washington Monument is?</p><p>F Can you tell me where Hollywood Boulevard is?</p><p>B Can you tell me where Museum of Art is?</p><p>9 Europe is bigger than Australia.</p><p>Ii] Belgium is smaller than Netherlands</p><p>‘I1 Which river is longer - Mississippi or Nile?</p><p>12 Did you go to National Gallery when you were</p><p>in Washington?</p><p>We stayed at Park Hotel near Central Park.</p><p>How far is it From Times Square to</p><p>,lFl<1 Airport?</p><p>Rocky Mountains are in North America.</p><p>Te:-tas is famous For oil and cowboys</p><p>I hope to go to United Kingdom neat year.</p><p>‘IB Mary comes from west of Ireland.</p><p>‘I9 John is a student at University of Michigan.</p><p>20 Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and</p><p>Pacific Ocean.</p><p>‘I3</p><p>‘I-‘-‘i</p><p>15</p><p>16</p><p>‘I?</p><p>-t Additional exercises 33-34 (pages 153-254}</p><p>this (singular) these (plural) E that (singular) those (plural)</p><p>=.- .-.1: '</p><p>si'-it</p><p>this picture</p><p>(= this picture here]</p><p>these flowers</p><p>(= these Flowers here} I,</p><p>thii that</p><p>these</p><p>Do you like [ ] Do you like Whg are</p><p>1:;5?DTjE:m that picture? those people?</p><p>‘l'\-h-J‘</p><p>that picture</p><p>(= that picture there}</p><p>| those those people</p><p>(= those people there)</p><p>We use thislthatltheselthose with a noun (this picture l those girls, etc.) or without a noun:</p><p>=1 .'i This hotel is expensive, but it's very nice.</p><p>12' -H I ' -Ell If J '1! IWhos that girl idont ltnow Mm G mun</p><p>[J Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.</p><p>"-_ Q1 Those apples look nice. Can I have one?</p><p>'1'. Ii This is a nice hotel. but it's very expensive.</p><p>1' " "Excuse me, is this your bag?" "Cih yes, thank you“_“ ' without a noun=.'.--ji Who’s that? (= Who is that person?)</p><p>[Ii Which shoes do you like better - these or those?</p><p>that = something that has happened:</p><p>1" '.1- "I’m sorry I forgot to call you." "'l11at’s all right."</p><p>[II 'l11at was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.</p><p>that = what somebody has just said:</p><p>5.? "You're a teacher, aren't you?" "Yes, that’s right."</p><p>i.___}' “Mark has a new job." "He does? I didn't know that</p><p>II] “I'm going on vacation next week.“ "Oh, that's nice."</p><p>We use this is. .. and is this. . . ? on the telephone:</p><p>-if? Hi Sarah, this is David.</p><p>(this = the speaker)</p><p>C? ls this Sarah?</p><p>(this = the other person)</p><p>We use this is. . . to introduce people:</p><p>[Ti n: Bill. this is Chris.</p><p>B: Hello, Chris. Nice to meet you.</p><p>c: Hi.</p><p>this one l that one -"I: Unit T3</p><p>DAVID</p><p>T-li5ar.ah, ’|</p><p>thioie David.</p><p>AMANDA BILL CH-‘H5</p><p>Exerc|5e5 itLanguage.corn</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use thlS;lt|‘liI,!'t|1ES£;'1T|1USE + these words:</p><p>Q41:-I-I-Ii-—-IKI-| i 1 —|.\_</p><p>l.___ birds dishes house _ostc_ards seat</p><p>'—I"I'I'.l-I|€-l-'I';I-I-'Ii:III-'III'-</p><p>II -as'-._-</p><p>..I Do you like ll</p><p>E</p><p>' l Who lives In</p><p>Excuse me. IS ..</p><p>l . .. .. . free?</p><p>' I.</p><p>I</p><p>It</p><p>Look at .. .. . .</p><p>-' . '.'.\"'</p><p>‘"-.</p><p>Fl, I</p><p>iii-</p><p>IE:-l</p><p>I-</p><p>_ letme — 1</p><p>yourbag</p><p>it</p><p>-rt" I ' ' ,f.-___.,a;Z - - --</p><p>._ E: ,l _ A i</p><p>l'..- -.'|.._|__ 1-'I'-I</p><p>|---H: .</p><p>'-P‘: 'r"="_</p><p>How much are</p><p>are dirty.</p><p>Q</p><p>Ki</p><p>—IF</p><p>rhj</p><p>4-</p><p>lifi</p><p>All-ll-Jlflil-I-I</p><p>1%</p><p>-I-I</p><p>‘I-</p><p>_ ___ .. .. . I-.,, :Lli3':-.'</p><p>Write questions: ls thislthat your . . . ? or Are theselthose your . . . I</p><p>.-</p><p>|</p><p>Complete the sentences with this is or that's or that</p><p>1 A</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>i a</p><p>Z _</p><p>—|</p><p>=1"</p><p>: I'm sorry I'm late. 5 A: Beth plays the piano very well.</p><p>er all right. e: Does she? Ididn't know</p><p>A.‘ I can't come to the party tomorrow. 6 Marl: meets Pauls sister: Helen.</p><p>e: Oh,too bad. Why not? PAUL.’ Marl-<........ my sister. Helen</p><p>(on the phone) MARK’: Hi. Helen.</p><p>sue Hello, lane. Tl A: I'm sorry I was angry yesterday.</p><p>JANE.‘ Oh, hi Sue. How are you? a: Forget iti</p><p>A: You're laay. B A; You're a friend of Tom's, aren't you?</p><p>e: true! s:</p><p>3/</p><p>one(=a...)</p><p>lmfifigwggfifitfiégfniy Would you like one ?</p><p>= Would you like a chocolate ?</p><p>one = alan . . . (a chocolate l an apple, etc.)</p><p>‘ll-an</p><p>C1 I need a pen. Do you have one? (one = a pen}</p><p>A: ls there a bank near here?</p><p>B.‘ Yes, there's one on the corner. (one = a bank}</p><p>one and ones</p><p>F</p><p>one (singular) ' ones (plural)</p><p>Which one r "L</p><p>do you want?</p><p>Th i</p><p>'5 one Which ones The white ones. )</p><p>do you want?</p><p>'</p><p>Which one? = Which hat? _ Which ones? = Which flowers?</p><p>one = hatlcarlgirl, etc. ones = flowerslcarslgirls, etc.</p><p>this one I that one theselthose (ivithout ones)</p><p>‘:1 Which car is yours? This one or</p><p>that Li Which flowers do you want? These or</p><p>one? (= this car or that car] those? (usually not these ones or those</p><p>ones]</p><p>theone... ' theones...</p><p>1":-3 A: Which hotel did you stay at? ill-= A.‘ Which books are yours?</p><p>s: The one near the airport. e: The ones on the table.</p><p>ill I found this key. Is it the one you lost? ; ill I found these keys. Are they the ones</p><p>you lost?</p><p>the...one the...ones</p><p>U I don't like the black coat, but I like the ! '.--.= I don't like the red shoes, but I like</p><p>_ brown one. ' __ the green ones.</p><p>:'_.I= Don't buy that camera. Buy the other 5-: Don't buy those apples. Buy the other</p><p>one. ones.</p><p>alan . . . one ' some . . . ones</p><p>:3 This cup is dirty. Can I have a clean 1"-» These cups are dirty. Can we have</p><p>one? some clean ones?</p><p>if That cookie was good. I'm going to i._.I- My shoes are very old. I'm going to buy</p><p>have another one. s some new ones.</p><p>which . . . ? -I Unit 45 another -I Unit £3 thislthat. etc. -I Unit ‘I2</p><p>Exercises</p><p>A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B's answers. Use one</p><p>(not alan . . . ) in the answers.</p><p>B doesn't need a car B just had a cup of coffee</p><p>there's a drugstore on First Avenue B is going to get a bike</p><p>__ B doesn't have an umbrella</p><p>1 AI Can you lend me a pen? e: I'm sorry, .....I..o.enls-h.axa.ane-..-...._._-</p><p>2 A: Would you like to have a car? e: No, I don't ..</p><p>3 A: Do you have a bike? e: No, but</p><p>4 A: Can you lend me an umbrella? er I'm sorry, Iout</p><p>5 A: Would you like a cup of coffee? B: No, thank you.</p><p>I5 A: ls there a drugstore near here? e: Yes,</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use alan . . . one. Use the words in the list.</p><p>F. - _ _ ___... ._</p><p>(better big -eIenr|- different new _ ElsM-I’</p><p>I This cup is dirty. Can Ihave</p><p>2 I'm going to sell my car and buy . ..</p><p>3 That's not a very good picture. This is</p><p>4 Iwant today's newspaper. Thisis</p><p>S This box is too small. Ineed</p><p>is Why do we always go to the same restaurant? Let's goto</p><p>A is talking to B. Use the information to complete the conversations. Use onelones.</p><p>i A stayed at a hotel- It was near the airport. 6 A is looking at a picture. Its on the wall.</p><p>A: We stayed at a hotel. A." That's an interesting picture.</p><p>._l</p><p>er a r--.1</p><p>.=.: . A?</p><p>I</p><p>|II||||l||-ll"--II I'll'IllI'IlIlIlll-II II I |..||-I-l'-Ill-I-Ill</p><p>P' .I</p><p>' 2 A sees some shoes in a store window ? A sees a girl in a group ofpeople. She's tall</p><p>, They're green. r with long hair.</p><p>A: l like those shoes. ' A: Do you know that girl?</p><p>= A: The 5 A: .</p><p>‘I I-I1! I -I— -— i-III in-LII! ii |</p><p>3 A is looking at a house. It has a real aloor. B A is looking at someflowers in the garden.</p><p>' A: That's a nice house. They're yellow.</p><p>e: _ A: Those flowers are beautiful.</p><p>" A: ' :</p><p>§I=;-P1</p><p>i 4 A is looking at some CDs. They're on the top 9 A is looking at o man in a restaurant. He has</p><p>6 shah‘. a mustache and glasses.</p><p>A: Are those your CDs? A: Who's that man?</p><p>'7? -4. _ a.</p><p>~ 5 A is looking at a jacket in a store. its black. ‘ID A took some pictures at the party last week.</p><p>A: Do you like that jacket? 5 A.‘ Did I show you my pictures?</p><p>B ? B .?</p><p>A . I</p><p>svsvw-Ill'I_.B.l1gI,li-1gE. DDR1</p><p>some any ’| I don t have</p><p>I have some : any muneg</p><p>ITI'Dl"IE‘y. i C} i G</p><p>.. ,3 _ -_</p><p>.3" "r‘ is .</p><p>Use some in afirmative sentences: Use any in negative sentences:</p><p>1 I'm going to buy some clothes. ‘: I'm not going to buy any clothes.</p><p>'- .* There's some milk in the fridge- ' There isn't any milk in the fridge.</p><p>ii We made some mistakes. -:3 We didn't make any mistakes.</p><p>any and some in questions [jg W;-_~,u have</p><p>. r</p><p>In most questions (but not all) we use any (not some): ""'?' money</p><p>Is there any milk in the fridge? §</p><p>5-_ Does he have any friends?</p><p>'1- i‘ Do you need itny help?</p><p>We normally use some (not any] when we ofier things</p><p>(Would you like . . . ?):</p><p>1 --3 A: Would you like some coffee?</p><p>a: Yes, please.</p><p>or when we ask for things (Can I have . . . ?, etc.): rt</p><p>A.‘ Can l have some soup, please? _</p><p>F __ H: Yes. Help yourself. 1! _</p><p>'- -.-' A: Can you lend me some money? _</p><p>B‘ Sure How much do ou need? W""""" Wu "he' ' if ' some coffee?</p><p>-'2.</p><p>some and any without a noun</p><p>‘T13 I didn't take any pictures, but Hannah took some. (= some pictures)</p><p>5-13‘ You can have some coffee, but I don't want any. (= any coffee)</p><p>El I just made some coffee. Would you like some? (= some coffee)</p><p>' Ci “Where's your luggage?” "I don't have any." (= any luggage)</p><p>l "if-3 “Are there any cookies?“ "“r'es, there are some in the kitchen." (= some cookies]</p><p>something l somebody (or someone} anything l anybody (or anyone)</p><p>D She Said something ; She stem: say anything,</p><p>'1'?‘ I saw somebody (or someone). 5:-3' I didn't see anybody (or anyone].</p><p>i:'- Would you like something to eat? ‘Iii Are you doing anything tonight?</p><p>Ci Somebody's at the door. Where's Sue? Has anybody seen her?</p><p>a and some -ii Unit Eli somebodylanything, etc- -It Unit 3'?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Writesome or any.</p><p>"I</p><p>‘IO</p><p>ll I went out to buy bananas. but they didn't have at the store.</p><p>I bought .. cheese, but I didn't buybread.</p><p>2 In the middle of the room, there was a table and chairs.</p><p>3 There aren't . .. gas stations in this part of town-</p><p>4 Michael and Emily don't have children.</p><p>S Do you have .. .. . . brothers or sisters?</p><p>6 There are........... .. beautiful flowers in the garden.</p><p>I" Do you know good hotels in Miami?</p><p>B "Would you like ............ tea?" "Yes, please."</p><p>9 When we were on vacation, we visited interesting places.</p><p>Don'tbuyrice. We don't need .</p><p>2 I'm thirsty. Can I have................. water,please?</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in the box.</p><p>ll]</p><p>air friends help I milk questions</p><p>batteries fruit languages pictures -slsampoo</p><p>1 I want to wash my hair. Is there</p><p>2 The police want to talk to you. They want to ask you</p><p>3 I had my camera, but I didn't take</p><p>A Do you speak foreign</p><p>S Last night l went to a restaurant with of mine.</p><p>s Can I . in my coffee, please?</p><p>? This camera isn't working. There aren't it.</p><p>B It's hot in this oflice. l'm going out for fresh</p><p>9 A: Would youlike .. .. . ..?</p><p>e: No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.</p><p>B I can do this job alone. I don't need</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use some or any.</p><p>‘I Samantha didn't take any pictures, but .{lltakel</p><p>2 "Where's your luggage?“ " ." (Ilnotlhave)</p><p>3 "Do you need any money?“ "No, thankyou. ." (Ilhave)</p><p>4 "Can you lend me some money?" "I'm sorry, but ." (llnotlhavc)</p><p>S The tomatoes at the store didn't look very good, so -(Ilnotlbuy)</p><p>6 There were some nice oranges at the store, so (llbuy)</p><p>1' "I-low much coffee did you drink yesterday?" " ." (llnotldriflk)</p><p>Write sornetltinglsomebody or anything,-'anybody.</p><p>‘I A woman stopped me andsaidbut I didn't understand.</p><p>2 "What's wrong?" "There's in my eye."</p><p>3 Do you know aboutpolitics?</p><p>4 I went to the store, but I didn't buy .. .. .. .</p><p>S . .. broke the window. I don't know who.</p><p>B There isn'tin the bag. It's empty.</p><p>?' I'm looking for my keys. Did . see them?</p><p>B Would you like todrink?</p><p>9 Ididn't eat because I wasn't hungry.</p><p>This is a secret. Please don't tell .. . .</p><p>The parking lot is empty.</p><p>There aren't any cars</p><p>There are no cars</p><p>FAHQING None.</p><p>__-'-_|-_</p><p>not {n't} + any</p><p>l. Ii There aren't any cars in the parking lot.</p><p>'f.'I Tracey and leff don't have any children.</p><p>Ci You can have some coffee, but I don't want any.</p><p>no+noun (nocarslnogarage.etc.)=notany...ornota...</p><p>El There are no cars in the parking lot. (= there aren't any cars)</p><p>ill We have no oofliee. (= we don"t have any coffee)</p><p>ifjl Its a nice house, but there's no garage. (= there isn't a garage)</p><p>We use no. . . especially after havelhas and thereislare.</p><p>negative verb + any = aflirrriative verb + no</p><p>III They don't have any children. or They have no children.</p><p>(not They don't have no children)</p><p>El There Isn't any sugar in your coffee. or There's no sugar in your coffee.</p><p>noand none</p><p>Use no + noun (no money l no children, etc):</p><p>=T.'_'.'l We have no money.</p><p>=.'I.i- Everything was DK. There were no problems.</p><p>Use none alone (without a noun):</p><p>II? “How much money do you have?" "Hone." (= no money)</p><p>=11; ‘Were there any problems?‘ “No, none." (= no problems)</p><p>noneandnoone</p><p>none = D (zero)</p><p>no one = nobody</p><p>None is an answer for How much? l How many? (things or people}:</p><p>(II A: How much money do you have?</p><p>er Hone. (= no money}</p><p>fl A: I-low malty people did you meet?</p><p>a: II-lone. (= no people)</p><p>Ho one is an answer for Whol:</p><p>Ci A: Who did you meet?</p><p>a: Hoone. (or Nobody.)</p><p>negatives -I unlq; 41 some and any -ll Unit 74 anybodylnobodylnodting, etc. -I Unit; 15-71</p><p>l in the parking lot.</p><p>How many cars are there in the parking lot?</p><p>C:J@!»!" t'j:.II'-1-C-he-FE3‘</p><p>frLangiIage.eam</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write these sentences again with no.</p><p>1 We don t have any money. -..-..hle..bake.ne..m.onesr....</p><p>2 There aren't any stores near here. There</p><p>3 Sofia doesn't haye any free time. ..</p><p>-=1 There isn't alight in this room.</p><p>Write these sentences again with any.</p><p>5 we haye no money. ......ll1lo..dnn.'1;.l1aee.anM-meney</p><p>6 There's no milk in the fridge.</p><p>‘F There are no buses today.</p><p>B Tom has no brothers or sisters</p><p>Write no or any.</p><p>‘l There's .. .. sugar in your coffee.</p><p>2 My brother is married, but he doesn't haye children</p><p>..|_|| || I Il'lI'llIIIllIIIlFIIIlIFI"'-'</p><p>3 Sue doesn't speak foreign languages.</p><p>U"'|1-.rl'l-l='-</p><p>=—..</p><p>Write no, any, or none.</p><p>I" There aren't .pictures on the wall.</p><p>m afraid there‘-:. coH'ee. Would you like some tea?</p><p>Look at those birds!" "Birds? Where? Ican't see birds.</p><p>"Do you know where ]essic.a is?" "No, l have idea“</p><p>B The weather was cold, but there waswind.</p><p>9 I wanted to buy_some oranges, but they didn't haye .............. .. at the store</p><p>10 Eyerything was correct. Therewere mistakes.</p><p>11 “How much lugmge do you haye?“</p><p>12 "How much luggage do you have?" “I don't haye</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use any or no + the words in the boa.</p><p>Ifdifference furniture idea money questions"</p><p>kfrientls heating line -problermr</p><p>1 Eyerything was UK. Therewere.</p><p>2 jack and Emily would like to take a yacation, but they have</p><p>3 l'm not going toanswer</p><p>B The house is cold because there isn't</p><p>4 He's always alone. He has</p><p>5 There is between these two machines They re exactly the same</p><p>6 There wasn't in the roorn lt was completely empty</p><p>Tr‘ "Do you know how the accident happened?’ "No. I haye</p><p>| .-|--. .. --| ".| |-| --- .-| |-| .-| --|-PI-r|-.</p><p>lllll'll ll-llllllllll-lIllI'll l'n'll-Ill</p><p>9 We didn't have to wait to get our train tickets. There was</p><p>write short answers (one or two words) to these questions Use none where necessary</p><p>"l How many letters did you write yesterday? .... ..... .- o A '01? HGI16</p><p>2 How many sisters do you haye?</p><p>3 How much coffee did you drink yesterday?</p><p>4 How many pictures have you taken today?</p><p>5 How many legs does a snake haye?</p><p>not + anybody/anyone/anything</p><p>nobody/no one/nothing</p><p>not + anybodyfanyone not + anything</p><p>nobody I no one nothing</p><p>[for people} E (for things]</p><p>1- --I-—'lF 1"?‘ 1</p><p>-‘ lI._</p><p>I I I‘" Q</p><p>-|-I‘-F</p><p>___-e.__.]_.</p><p>{:1 There isn't {znybudvl in the room. III There isn't anything in the bag.</p><p>nyone</p><p>if] 11-HE i5 {::':e":":3'} in the room. ' Y} There is nothing in the bag.</p><p>":1 A.‘ Who is in the room? A.‘ What's in the bag?</p><p>.s.- Nobody! No one. i a: Nothing</p><p>-body and —one are the same:</p><p>anybody = anyone nobody = no one</p><p>l</p><p>not + anybodyfanyone not + anything</p><p>511- I don't know anybody {or anyone) I] I can't remember anything</p><p>here. '</p><p>nobody = not + anybody nothing = not + anything</p><p>"9 "TIP = "n't + "Y9"? i "___? She said nothing,</p><p>"._ .'.' I'm lonely. I have nobody to talk to. (= she egg“-t See. enythine)</p><p>__ l= l d@"'lI l'I~’-=I‘r'E' ii-\"Yb°¢|Ifi ELI There's nothing to eat.</p><p>-fI-_.i The house is empty. There is no one (= There 55“-t enythine ee, eee)</p><p>in it. [= There isn't anyone in it.) _</p><p>_</p><p>You can use nobodyfno onernofiiing at the beginning of a sentence or alone (to answer a question):</p><p>ill" The house is empty. Nobody lives 5:1" Nothing happened.</p><p>there.</p><p>CI "Who did you speak to?" "No one." ELI "What did you say?" "Nothing"</p><p>Flemember negative verb + anybodyianyoneranything</p><p>oflirmetive verb + nobodyjno onefnothing</p><p>I-21' He doesn't know anything (not He doesn't know nothing)</p><p>LI Don't tell anybody. (not Don't tell nobody]</p><p>Ci There is nothing to do in this town. [not There isn't nothing)</p><p>some and any -I Unit ‘H any and no -I Unit 75 someI:rodyfanythingI'nowhere. etc- -I Unit ii‘?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write these sentences again with nobodyfno one or nothing</p><p>There isn't anything in the bag. ......11n.eee’a.o.ethrro in the baa‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>Write these sentences again with anybodyfaliyone or anything</p><p>There's nothing in the bag. ....-.1ll1I.itI.1i‘-‘.=..l.':‘.2iTI.'IlT-..i'i‘|1L\i'l?l’1ll'lfl l" T-hfi bad</p><p>There was nobody on the bus. There wasn't .-</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>Answer these questions with nobodyfno one or nothing</p><p>What did you say? Sa Who knows the answer?</p><p>Who sawyou? 6a What did you buy?-‘</p><p>What do you want? .. Ila What happened?</p><p>Whg did ygu mggt? .. B3 Whfl WES lE1lIE7</p><p>1a</p><p>2a</p><p>3a</p><p>I-ia</p><p>Now answer the same questions with complete sentences</p><p>Use nobody!no onernothing or anybodyranyonefanytliing:</p><p>‘I b</p><p>Eb</p><p>3b</p><p>There Isn't anybody in the office. There's</p><p>I don't have anything to do. I.</p><p>There isn't anything on Ty.</p><p>There wasn't anyone at home.</p><p>We didn't find anything.</p><p>I have nothing to read. ..</p><p>I have no one to help me.</p><p>She heard nothing.</p><p>We have nothing For dinner.</p><p>I don't</p><p>Sb</p><p>Sb</p><p>Tb</p><p>8b</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use:</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>‘ID</p><p>'l'l</p><p>‘I2</p><p>‘I3</p><p>'I-‘-i</p><p>n-obodyino onefnothing or anyborlylanyoneianything</p><p>That house is empty. lives there.</p><p>jack has a bad memory. He can't remember ...-..d.II§,i!'l3l'1lI‘iQ</p><p>Be quiet! Don't say .</p><p>I didn't know about the meeting. told me</p><p>"What did you have to eat?" " I wasn t hungry</p><p>I didn't eat I wasn't hungry.</p><p>Emily was sitting alone. She wasn't with</p><p>I'm sorry, I can't help you. There's I can do</p><p>I don't know about car engines.</p><p>The museum is free. It doesn'tcost to go in</p><p>I heard a knock at the door, but when I opened it there was there</p><p>Antonio spoke very Fast. I didn't understand ..</p><p>"What are you doing tonight?" " Why"-"</p><p>Olivia is out of town. knows where she is She didn t tell</p><p>where she was going.</p><p>the answer</p><p>somebodylanythinglnowhere, etc.</p><p>1 ? tint isn</p><p>Somebody [or Someone) She has something in her Tom lives somewhere near</p><p>broke the window. mouth. Chicago.</p><p>somebodyrsomeone something = a thing, somewhere = inrto</p><p>= a person, but we don't but we don't know what a place, but we don't</p><p>know who know where</p><p>_i</p><p>People (-l:i-tidy or —one)</p><p>somebody or someone '1'? There is somebody (or someone} at the door.</p><p>I-Til Is there anybody (or anyone) at the door?</p><p>anybudy Dr any“: Cl There isn't anybody (or anyone] at the door.</p><p>nobody or no one LII There is nobody (or no one] at the door.</p><p>-body and —one are the same: somebody = someone nobody = no one, etc.</p><p>Things (-thing)</p><p>something CI Sarah said something. but I didn't understand what she said</p><p>. IT] Are you doing anything this weekend?</p><p>"""""""'g if] I was angry. but I didn't say anything</p><p>nothing ilfi "What did you say?" "Nothing"</p><p>Pieces {-where)</p><p>ii-I-I1</p><p>I</p><p>'s_ir_-''</p><p>somewhere "'11 Megan's parents live somewhere in Southem California.</p><p>.. Did you go anywhere iast weekend?</p><p>anywhere C I'm staying here. I'm not going anywhere.</p><p>nowhere -'l'_I I don't like this town. There is nowhere to go.</p><p>somediingianybody, etc. + adjective (biglcheapiinteresting etc.)</p><p>C1 Did you meet anybody interesting at the party?</p><p>[-1 We always go to the same place. Let's go somewhere diflierent.</p><p>I Ci "What's in that letter?" "lt's nothing important."</p><p>sometliinglanybody, etc + to. ..</p><p>'T.'_'J I'm hungry. I want somethingto eat. (= something that I can eat)</p><p>Ci Tony doesn't have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that he can talk to)</p><p>I'_'.'1 There is nowhere to go in this town. (= nowhere where people can go)</p><p>some and any -“I Unit Ti any and no -Ii Unit 1'5 anybodyfnothing etc. -Ir Unit T6</p><p>everything!-body,’-where 4 Unit 3'3</p><p>Exercises</p><p>write somebody {or someone) I something I somewhere.</p><p>-lb-I-..iI-‘I’--.-'I—\</p><p>Ia</p><p>2a</p><p>3a</p><p>ria</p><p>Michelle said What did she say?</p><p>I lost . ................................................................ .. What did you lose?</p><p>Sue and Tom went Where did they go?</p><p>I'm going to call Who are</p><p>you going to call?</p><p>Write nobody (or no one) r nothing ,1 nowhere.</p><p>What did you say?</p><p>Where are you going?</p><p>What do you want?</p><p>Who are you looking for?</p><p>Now answer the same questions with complete sentences.</p><p>Use not + anybodyranythingfanywhere.</p><p>11;, an</p><p>2b I'm 4b</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>‘III-l'1'~.'l.|i-.iI'</p><p>E5</p><p>F‘</p><p>E</p><p>9</p><p>ID</p><p>11</p><p>‘I2</p><p>13</p><p>‘I4</p><p>"l5</p><p>Write somebodyianythingfnowhere, etc.</p><p>It's dark. I can'tsee</p><p>Tom livesnear Chicago.</p><p>Do youknowabout computers?</p><p>"ListenI" "What? I can't hear .. . ."</p><p>"What are you doing here?" "I'rn waitingfor "</p><p>We need to talk. There's .. I want to tell you.</p><p>"EZIid.. .....see the accident?" "</p><p>We weren't hungry, so we didn't eat .</p><p>"What's going to happen?" "I don't know. knows."</p><p>"Do you know . in Tokyo?" "Yes. a few people."</p><p>"Whati-1 in that suitcase?" " It's empty."</p><p>I'm looking for my glasses. I can't find them .. _. .. .. ..</p><p>I don't like cold weathet I want tolivewarm.</p><p>Is there interesting on Ty’ tonight?</p><p>Have you ever met .. .. .. .. Famous?</p><p>1'?-4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the bones.</p><p>rsomething anything nothing E _ Ti</p><p>[something anywhere -nowhere-l (do eat p""r"' 5"' 5</p><p>tesomewhere nowhere dr""" 19' read my "..__ /' ‘-~.______ ____s=’</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F‘</p><p>B</p><p>We don't go out very much because there's . . .</p><p>There isn't any food in the house. We don't have</p><p>I'm bored. I have .. .. ..</p><p>"Why are you standing?" "Because there isn't .................</p><p>"Would you like .. . .. ?" "Yes. please - a glass of water.</p><p>If you're going downtown, take the bus. Don't drive because there's</p><p>I want I'm going to buy a magazine.</p><p>I need .. in Seoul. Can you recommend a hotel?</p><p>every</p><p>' Fr.-."*;-‘~'J".</p><p>_ I-</p><p>-— - - ' -~-... .-_.~_ thesame.</p><p>- " "" ' - "- -___ Every house on the street is</p><p>every house on the street =</p><p>all the houses on the street</p><p>We use every + singular noun (every house l every country, etc):</p><p>I.'_'.'.-l Sarah has been to every country in Europe.</p><p>‘:1 Every summer we take a vacation at the beach.</p><p>fl She looks different every time I see het</p><p>Use a singular verb afier every. . . :</p><p>LT! Every house on the street is the same. (not are the same)</p><p>1:} Every country has a national flag. [not have)</p><p>Compare every and all:</p><p>1:1 Every student in the class passed 2 All the students in the class Passed</p><p>the exam. | the eaam.</p><p>=j"..= Every count-ry has a national flag. I - All countries have a national iiag.</p><p>every day and all day</p><p>every day = on all days: I, all day = the complete day:</p><p>how often? how long?</p><p>'i-'..rrv + r.-n_ir.i + H.'l + 'v".'lIIi + IHLFI-1 + iio + sni beginning end nf</p><p>of the day the day</p><p>E"Ii"EIl'."i' DAV</p><p>It rained every day last week. Ci It rained all day yesterday.</p><p>.1 Bill watches T'v' for about two hours ' "_".'= Cln Monday, I watched T'v' all night.</p><p>every night. (= on all nights) (= the whole night)</p><p>I</p><p>also every morninglweeklsummer, etc. also all morninglweeklsummer, etc.</p><p>everybody (or everyone] I everything! everywhere</p><p>everybody or everyone Ci Everybody (or Everyone) needs Friends.</p><p>(people) {= all people need Friends)</p><p>everything if." Do you have everything you need?</p><p>(things) (= all the things you need}</p><p>everywhere "II I lost my watch. I've looked everywhere for it.</p><p>(places) (= I've looked in all places)</p><p>Use a singular verb alter everybodyleveryoneleverything‘</p><p>ill; Everybody has problems. [not Everybody have}</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use every + these words:</p><p>Qey “room -s—tude~nt- time word]</p><p>1 .l§‘irfi$.Fi'_if..fil'e.I.lr?lfitIl'e..... in the class passed the exam.</p><p>2 My job is very boring. is the same.</p><p>3 Kate is a very good chess player. When we play, she wins</p><p>4 in the hotel has free Wi-Fl.</p><p>S "Did you understand what she said?" "Most of it, but not . . . ...................................................... .. "</p><p>Complete the sentences with every day or all day.</p><p>1 Yesterday it rained ......aIl.r;l.ay. .</p><p>2 I buy a newspaper , but sometimes I don't read it.</p><p>3 I'm not going out tomorrow. I'll behome</p><p>4 I usually drink about four cups of coffee ..</p><p>S Paula was sick yesterday, so she stayed in bed</p><p>6 I'm tired now because l've been workinghard</p><p>Ir’ Last year we went to the beach for a week, and it rained</p><p>Write every or all</p><p>1 Bill watches T'v' for about two hours .evar_y.. .. night.</p><p>2 lulia gets up at 6:30 morning.</p><p>3 The weather was nice yesterday. so we sat outside ., ,, . afternoon.</p><p>4 I'm leaving town on Monday. I'll be away .. week.</p><p>S n: How often do you go skiing?</p><p>B: year. Usuallyin March.</p><p>5 .-=-.: Were you home at 1CtBB yesterday?</p><p>e: Yes, I was home morning. I went out after lunch.</p><p>3' My sister loves new cars. She buys one .. . year.</p><p>B I saw Sam at the party, but he didn't speak to me night.</p><p>9 We take a vacation for two or three weeks . .. summer.</p><p>Write everybodyleverythingleverywhere</p><p>1 needs friends.</p><p>2 Chris knows .about computers.</p><p>3 llike the people here. . . . .. . is very friendly.</p><p>4 This is a nice hotel. It's comfortable, and .. .. is very clean.</p><p>5 Kevin never uses his car. He goes .. .. his motorcycle.</p><p>6 Let's have dinner. . is hungry.</p><p>T Sue's house is full of books. There are books</p><p>B You are right. .. __ yousay is true.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use only one word each time.</p><p>1 Everybody problems.</p><p>2 Are you ready yet? Everybody .. waiting for you.</p><p>3 The house is empty. Everyone moved out.</p><p>-4 josh is very popular. Everybody.............-..-..-..............-......... him.</p><p>S This town is completely different now. Everything.....-..-.......-... changed.</p><p>B Igot home very late last night. I came in quietly because everyone ..... .asleep.</p><p>? Everybody ............................... .. mistakes!</p><p>B a: .. .. everything clear? everybody know what to do?</p><p>e: Yes, we all understand.</p><p>Compare:</p><p>mostImostof....sorneIsomeof....etc.</p><p>all most sorne any no I none I not + any</p><p>all most some any no/none</p><p>chiltlrenImoneyIbooks. etc. (in general] the children I the money I these hooks. etc.</p><p>‘fill Children like to play. I CI Where are the children?</p><p>(= children in general} [= our children)</p><p>‘:7’ Money isn't everything. 1:-i I want to buy a car. but I don't have</p><p>[= money in general) the money. (= the money for a car)</p><p>T1 l enjoy reading hooks. "Ti Have you read these books?</p><p>=12‘ Everybody needs friends. '3 l often go out with my friends.</p><p>mostIsome. etc. + noun most ofI some of. etc. + theIthisImy . . .. etc.* ..? "i 3j_s.g1.,@ I“ 'cities '</p><p>- hooks -</p><p>the... |</p><p>‘“°“_ children ’ mm‘ thisIthat...</p><p>iflmfl ‘ -G; : sgme uf theseIthose - . -</p><p>any money an‘-ll ; myIyour . . .. etc. l</p><p>"0 ,_ none| __ _</p><p>if Most children like to play.</p><p>(= children in general)</p><p>{II I dorft want any money.</p><p>5:3 Some books are better than others.</p><p>__\_</p><p>"._._? He has no friends. ii? Hone of my friends live near me.</p><p>A" Wile? have the same pmblEm5' . You can say all the - . . or all of the (with or(= CIUES lI"l general) . _without of).</p><p>Do not use of in these sentences: I.._.Z All the students in our class passed</p><p>‘.-? Most people drive too fast- the exam. {or All of the students. . J</p><p>Most of the children at this school</p><p>are under ‘ll years old.</p><p>l dorft want any of this money.</p><p>Some of these books are very old.</p><p>_ [not Most of people) -ii Ana has livecl in Miami all her life.</p><p>i-._:I' Some birds can't fly. 1 (or. . . all of her life.)</p><p>{not Some of birds} i</p><p>.</p><p>all of it I most of them I none of us. etc</p><p>35-‘ _ Cl You can have some of this cake, but not all of it</p><p>must "T C} At Do you know those people?</p><p>' wme D; " lhflm _ s: Most ofthem, but not all ofthem.</p><p>an? i "5 I Some of us are going out tonight. Why don’t you come with us?</p><p>W" ' 1-; I have a lot of books. but 1 haven’t read any of them.none __fi</p><p>' “ ' ' i_.-I “How many of these books have you read?‘ “None of them.”</p><p>the . . . [children I the children. etc.) -I Unit ‘ID some and any -I Unit 3'4 noInoneIany -It Unit 1'5</p><p>all and every -I Llnlt TB</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use the word in parentheses (sornefmostv eto). Sometimes you</p><p>need of (some of)‘ most oli etc.).</p><p>‘l ...-..l*.-.’.i.!I.?filI<-..-..children like to play. (most)</p><p>this money is yours. (some)</p><p>l-.-1"‘-ll"-l-.I'-ll!"-.il'</p><p>F Hemoney. (all)</p><p>. ._ people never stop talking. {some}</p><p>.. the stores downtown</p><p>close at 6:00. (most)</p><p>. .. people have cell phones these days. (most)</p><p>6 I don’t like the pictures in the living room. (any)</p><p>3 my friends are married. (none)</p><p>9 Do youknowthe people in this picture? (any)</p><p>ll] birds can fly. (most)</p><p>11 lenjoyed the movie. but I didnt like the ending. (most)</p><p>12 sports are very dangerous (some)</p><p>13 We can’t find anywhere to stay. the hotels are full. (all)</p><p>14 Trythis cheese. lt’s delicious. (some)</p><p>15 The weather was bad when we were on vacation. it rained the time. (most)</p><p>Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:</p><p>;1-#1-L. -"1-il-—|||-e IKFPfills -I;=in</p><p>QQ='-1-?l-I</p><p>i13-Ili-fl=-}'_Drii- Ilr3-Iti=1-III-</p><p>ill‘</p><p>_ ill</p><p>Ill</p><p>'==E"</p><p>~'=€"'l=II it</p><p>i iaggli ii-1*</p><p>Rh___... ..;_- '</p><p>allImostIsomeInone + ofthen-|I of it</p><p>“hi pi: H i.'s.,., it: m -£1 »~ 1.. H H</p><p>"l ll l F</p><p>I- 1.I1-</p><p>1 How many of the people are women? .1.?l1.~fil1Tl.-.</p><p>2 How many of the bones are on the table?</p><p>3 How many of the men are wearing hats?</p><p>4 How many of the windows are open?</p><p>5 How many of the people are standing?</p><p>6 How much of the money is Ben’s? ..</p><p>Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong.</p><p>1 Ivlos f hildre like to play. .-..-.lfv'l.r?.filS.s2l1.i.ir;l.ti.‘¢.l1..</p><p>2 All the students failed the test.</p><p>El Some of people work too hard.</p><p>4 Some of questions on the er-tam were very easy.</p><p>5 l haven't seen any of those people before.</p><p>6 All of insects have sis legs.</p><p>F‘ Have you read all these books?</p><p>B Most of students in our class are very nice.</p><p>9 Most of my friends are going to the party.</p><p>10 I'm very tired this morning — I was awake most of night.</p><p>We use bothIeitherIneither to talk about two things or people</p><p>-“ii Rebecca has two children Both are married. (both = the two children}</p><p>III would you like tea or coffee? You can have either {either = tea or coffee)</p><p>I A Do you want to go to the movies or the theater?</p><p>s Neither I want to stay home {neither = not the movies or the theater)</p><p>Compare either and neither</p><p>botl'iIeitherInelther + noun</p><p>both + plural _l:ioth windowsIbool§§Ichildr_ein etc</p><p>Either + sin ulor Either windowIbookIchild. etcneither neither</p><p>Ii-— 5|</p><p>.__ __l</p><p>I“_l</p><p>Ci</p><p>both of I either of I neither of</p><p>-|-—-l--|l—I'-</p><p>——-___-I</p><p>--.I-—</p><p>I</p><p>I.</p><p>|JDtl'l_ either neither {not + either)</p><p>Either It doesn t matter" (= tea or coffee)</p><p>Cl "Would you like tea or coffee?“ I don’t want either (riot I don t want neither)</p><p>Neither [= not tea or coffee)</p><p>Last year I went to Miami and Seattle I liked both cities very much</p><p>First I worked in an office. and later in a store Neither jflh was very interesting</p><p>There are two ways to get to the airport You can go either way</p><p>“both l_<i-iii , iii;</p><p>either theseIthosel ofl ,neither myIyourIPaul s e _</p><p>I. -i.</p><p>"i._ _. Neither of my parents is Canadian -i</p><p>[:1 I haven t read either of these hooks</p><p>You can say both of theIthoseImy or both theIthoseImy [with or without of]</p><p>II. I like both of those pictures or</p><p>I like hoth those pictures</p><p>i,_</p><p>[1 both of them I neither of us</p><p>I I</p><p>._ Both of Pauls sisters are married or</p><p>Both Pauls sisters are married</p><p>u '5: Neither of Paul's sisters is married (not Neither Paul's sisters)</p><p>both them</p><p>eit er f</p><p>L“_""“"?L_ l____</p><p>l_—l Paul has two sisters Both of them are married</p><p>i_—l Sue and I didn t eat anything Neither of us was hungry</p><p>___ -</p><p>l__ . Who are those two people? I don t know either of them</p><p>I can’t either I neither can I -I Unit ill]</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write |:iothIeither,-lneither. Use of where necessary.</p><p>irLanguage.oom</p><p>‘I Last year I went to Miami and Seattle. I liked ......l?i?.T-hi. .. cities very much.</p><p>2 There were two pictures on the wall. I didn't like .. ..$.ll-'i.'-.lTl'i‘9':.|T'i.r9'.l.:_..-. them.</p><p>3 It was a good football game. teams played well.</p><p>4 It wasn't a good football game. . . .. team played well.</p><p>5 "ls your friend Canadian or American?" " . .. She's Australian."</p><p>6 We went away for two days. but the weather was bad. It rained days.</p><p>TI .-Iii.‘ I bought two newspapers. Which one do you want?</p><p>ii: . .. It doesn't matter which one.</p><p>B I invited Jessica and Mike to the party. but .. .. them came.</p><p>9 "Do you go to work by car or by bus?" " .. .I always walk."</p><p>‘I0 "Which jacket do you prefer. this one or that one?" "l don't like them."</p><p>11 "Do you work, or are you a student?" " . I work. and I'm a student. too."</p><p>‘I2 My friend and I went to see a movie. but . .. .. us liked it. It was really bad.</p><p>‘I3 Emily has two sisters and a brother. .. .. sisters are married.</p><p>‘I4 Emily has two sisters and a brother. I know her brother. but I haven't met .. .</p><p>her sisters.</p><p>fi-</p><p>..a_"'rI</p><p>- I:_..</p><p>_'.".I-"'___T_</p><p>1'_--'“""'?-_-.r._-:,I.-_,|</p><p>t_,___.._'-?"_.J .</p><p>hi</p><p>Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use Both . . . and Neither . . . .</p><p>[:1 I if] El 1 iii I rs-?“ -. rm</p><p>'-" i‘ _ __; l§i_.i</p><p>_a.lEIl?iI'ET irersfl,- _ _ Z7 15:47</p><p>iiifnirj</p><p>1 empty. 4 .. beards.</p><p>. are open. 5 to the airport.</p><p>wearing a hat- I5 .. right.</p><p>with BothIHe-ither of them . .</p><p>I Are you married?</p><p>2 How old are you?</p><p>3 Are you a student?</p><p>4 Do you have a car?</p><p>5 Where do you live?</p><p>5 Do you like to cook?</p><p>Ti’ Can you play the piano?</p><p>_ B Do you eat seafood?</p><p>9 Are you interested in</p><p>sports?</p><p>2|-I-—""</p><p>No hlo.. ..:l</p><p>Yes Yes~—I-</p><p>hlo No</p><p>Boston Boston</p><p>Yes</p><p>I“-lo</p><p>Yes</p><p>No</p><p>Yes</p><p>Ho</p><p>Yes</p><p>I\lo</p><p>_____.il</p><p>1 .. .</p><p>2</p><p>‘Isl:-l'lZil'l'l-"--lU"'iI-...F‘l-I":--li.i'-‘I</p><p>A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences</p><p>students.</p><p>acar.</p><p>a lot much many</p><p>iff-’T_'1li.-i’:i' ""*‘~</p><p>1-:- LII</p><p>""i ei</p><p>-. .._...- l E I .</p><p>in t '_l |l._ll‘ii;-1-Ii ..</p><p>'. '__ ' ' '-'1 .</p><p>‘ _ - _ I E I I - _:-.- - _-:l-i:|$_I'|:_._</p><p>' i</p><p>-44'</p><p>‘L</p><p>r</p><p>ii! .- "“ "- __</p><p>. _ 1 L :_.,.__,| l ' '</p><p>:5 _- I "-5% ‘I. . i I.</p><p>. I "I -Ill‘! .-':i.: -. r‘</p><p>~?f._ __._~f ,'-PW fr’ Llai—c. - i . yy 're.</p><p>_ _ Fe .. _ I I.-lrlfqgw - . _.</p><p>if? Did you buy much food? =I:.'l</p><p>".'_"'i We don't have much luggage. ,</p><p>How much money do you want? if?</p><p>Li ii; Do you have any money?</p><p>ii: I have some. but not much.</p><p>- I-iil</p><p>a lot of money not much money a lot of hooks not many hooks</p><p>We use much + noncount noun We use many + piu.-til noun</p><p>[much food I much money. etc.): (many hooks I many people. etc.):</p><p>Did you buy many books?</p><p>We don't know many people.</p><p>How many photos did you take?</p><p>iii: Did you take any photos?</p><p>e: I took some. but not many.</p><p>- — |.I-I i -|—| —</p><p>We use a lot of + both types ofnoun:</p><p>if We bought a lot of food.</p><p>i_'__'_I Paula doesn't have a lot of free time.</p><p>IT] Do you drink much coffee?</p><p>-TI? I don't drink much coffee.</p><p>III Do you have many friends?</p><p>Q: We don't have many friends.</p><p>=.I.'_'.l I drink a lot of coffee.</p><p>ifi We don't have a lot of friends</p><p>Ci Do you know a lot of people?</p><p>I'iIluch is especially unusual in afiirmoove sentences:</p><p>ill I eat a lot of fruit. {not much fruit)</p><p>fl "Do you eat much fruit?‘ "Yes. a lot."</p><p>You can use rnuch and a lot without a noun:</p><p>III Rachel spoke to me. but she didn't say much.</p><p>F"1:.‘iI</p><p>We say:</p><p>1:] There is a lot of foodImoneyIwater. .. C.‘</p><p>(singular verb)</p><p>We bought a lot of hooks?</p><p>Did they ask a lot of questions?</p><p>There are a lot of treesIstoresI'</p><p>people . . . (plural verb)</p><p>A lot of people speak English.</p><p>(not speaks)</p><p>Much and many are more usual in questions and negative sentences:</p><p>We use a lot of in all types of sentences lqffirrnutive. negative. questions):</p><p>E] "Do you watch T'v' much?" “No. not much" (= not often)</p><p>II: We like movies. so we go to the movies a lot. (not go to the movies much)</p><p>‘II I don't like him very much.</p><p>countInoncount -I Units E5-6-6</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write much or many.</p><p>1 Did you buy .. food?</p><p>2 Therearen't hotels in this town.</p><p>3 We don'thavegas. We need to stop and get some.</p><p>4 Were therepeople on the train?</p><p>5 Did studentsfail the ei-tam?</p><p>ti Samantha doesn't havemoney.</p><p>TI I wasn't hungry. so I didn't eat ..</p><p>B I don't know where Eric lives these days. I haven't seen him for .. years.</p><p>Write How much or How many.</p><p>9 ._ people are coming to the party?</p><p>10 milk should I get at the store?</p><p>11 bread did you buy?</p><p>12 . players are there on a football team?</p><p>@ Complete the sentences. Use much or many with these words:</p><p>I___b-ea-Isa</p><p>countries luggage I people ti-rrne timesjl</p><p>1 I don't read very much. I don't have ........tIi?e.I1;r..l?£?st?l§5. ..</p><p>2 Hurry up! We don'thave</p><p>3 Do you travel a lot? Have you been _. ?</p><p>4 Hannah hasn't lived here very long, so she doesn't know .. . ..</p><p>5 "Do you have .. ?" “No. only this bag."</p><p>i':'- I don't know New York very well. I haven't been there ._</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use a lot of + these words:</p><p>ii II ‘II 1*j</p><p>[iaccidents -bO0lii- fun interesting things traffic)</p><p>1 I like reading. I have</p><p>2 We enjoyed our visit to the museum. We saw</p><p>3 This road is very dangerous. There are</p><p>-ii We enjoyed our vacation. Wehad</p><p>5 It took me a long time to drive here. There was</p><p>In some of these sentences much is not natural. Change the sentences or write OK.</p><p>1 Do you drink much coffee?</p><p>2 I drink much tea.</p><p>3 It was a cold winter. We had much snow.</p><p>4 There wasn't much snow last winter.</p><p>5 It costs much money to travel around the world</p><p>6 This pen was cheap. It didn't cost Egg.</p><p>3? Do you knowmy about computers?</p><p>B "Do you have any luggage?" “Yes. mih.“</p><p>Write sentences about these people. Use much and ii lot.</p><p>1 Jake loves movies. (go to the movies) ..-...lrlii-E.ei?iis.n-fIIii;?.1Iil1i;'i..I?fIi$ticlefi.i'e..li;?1?</p><p>2 Nicole thinks T"v' is boring. (watch T‘v') .-...filtIis_.i;liIii5ri‘:it‘ii1;-..iire.l?§.h..IY..lIlIJ.i;lfI</p><p>3 Lauren is a good tennis player. (play tennis)</p><p>4 Nick doesn't like to drive. (use his car) He</p><p>5 Matt spends most of the time at home. (go out)</p><p>6 Sue has been all over the world. (travel)</p><p>_i_________________-_;—-——</p><p>a) little (a) few</p><p>(a) little + uncountable noun: (a) few + plural noun:</p><p>la) little water ' la) few books</p><p>(a) little time -1';'T.':T"?1. . la) few questions</p><p>(a) little money l (a) few people</p><p>(a) little soup . ; = fa) few days</p><p>q__ ..- __ _ __ _.</p><p>- _ ._-1—-</p><p>a few booksa little water</p><p>I</p><p>_ i</p><p>a little = some but not much a few = some but not many</p><p>She didn't eat anything but she drank ' =I.._.l Excuse me. I have to make a few</p><p>a little water phone calls.</p><p>I; I speak a little Spanish. "II We're going away for a few days.</p><p>' IT‘ d f S ' h.(= some Spanish but not much) ._-. I speak a few wor s o panis</p><p>Can ou s eak Spanish? '1" is- Do you have any stamps?K) AI y p . . .</p><p>e: A little. _ at Yes. a few. Do you want one?</p><p>= almost no or almost I few [without a) = almost noIt little (without a)</p><p>nothing</p><p>I-1 There was little food in the fridge. l There were few people in the theater.</p><p>It was almost empty. It was almost empty.</p><p>You can say very little: You can say very few".</p><p>I Dan is very thin because he eats = Cl Your English is very good. You make</p><p>very little. (= almost nothing) very few mistakes.</p><p>ii</p><p>l</p><p>Compare little and a little: Compare few and a few:</p><p>1:1 They have a little money. so they're ' l:.'- I have a few friends. so I'm not lonely.</p><p>not poor. (= they have some money} [= I have some friends)</p><p>[-1 The have little money. They are very -:1 I'm sad and I'm lonely. I have few- Y</p><p>poor. (= almost no money) ‘ friends. (= almost no friends)</p><p>I have a I have little l have a few I have fewfr" cl . friends-.little money. money. Ion ei-</p><p>"-' _' .-*- -'--. ‘Tn '_‘</p><p>II i Ii Ii I I ii -</p><p>icy - '._H-_F'_F- ‘H-_.--i-i--I-._|_-_</p><p>countInoncount -It Units E5-66</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Answer the questions with a little or a few.</p><p>‘I "Do you have any money?" “Yes. .. .. ."</p><p>2 “Do you have any envelopes?" "Yes, .. ..</p><p>-Ci"'iU‘l-I=-I-.iii-1'</p><p>"Do you want sugar in your coffee?" "Yes, . . please."</p><p>"Did you take any pictures when you were on vacation?" "Yes, "</p><p>Does your friend speak English?“ "Yes. "</p><p>"Are there any good restaurants in this town?" "Yes, "</p><p>I- -I</p><p>Write iii little or a few + these words:</p><p>chairs days fresh air friends milk Russ_i_a11_ times -years-{fl</p><p>I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>?</p><p>3</p><p>Mike speaks Italian well. He lived in Italy for</p><p>Can I have in my coffee. please?</p><p>"When did Iulia leave?" "ago."</p><p>"Do you speak any foreign languages?" "l can speak ..</p><p>“.are you going out alone?" "No, I'm goingwith "</p><p>“Have you ever been to Mexico?“ "Yes, "</p><p>There wasn't much furniture in the room — just a table and</p><p>I'm going out for a walk. I need .</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words:</p><p>l:__coffee hotels —i'niseakes- people rgin time work ill</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T</p><p>Your English is very good. You make .</p><p>ldrink . .I prefer tea.</p><p>The weather here is very dry in the summer. There is</p><p>It's difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There are</p><p>Hurry up! We've got....</p><p>The town is very c|uiet at night. .. . go out.</p><p>Some people in the office are very lazy. They do</p><p>Write little I a little or few I a few.</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T</p><p>Flight or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. Write DK if the sentence is correct</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>-ii</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F"</p><p>There was food in the fridge. It was almost empty.</p><p>"When did Sarah go out?" " minutes ago."</p><p>I can't decide now. lneed .. .. . .. .. . .. time to think about it.</p><p>There was .. traffic, so we arrived earlier than we expected.</p><p>The bus service isn't very good at night — there are .. .. buses after 9:00</p><p>"Would you like some soup?" "Yes. . , please."</p><p>I'd like to practice my English more. but I have opportunities.</p><p>We're going away finext week. ... ...</p><p>Everybody needs little luck.</p><p>I can't talk to you now — I have few things to do.</p><p>I eat very little meat - I don't like it very much.</p><p>Excuse me. can I ask you few questions?</p><p>There were little people on the bus - it was almost empty.</p><p>Daniel is a very private person. Few people know him well.</p><p>Adjective + noun (nice day I blue eyes. etc.)</p><p>osjjective + noun</p><p>|. lt’s a nice day today.</p><p>Jessica has brown eyes.</p><p>There's a very old church in this town.</p><p>[Jo you like Italian food?</p><p>' I don’t speak any foreign languages</p><p>There are some beautiful yellow flowers in the yard.</p><p>_ 1 _ I|1-1— |n.— _n</p><p>The adjective is before the noun:</p><p>[1 They live in a modern house. {not a house modem}</p><p>CI Have you met any famous people? (not people famous]</p><p>The ending of an adjective is always the same:</p><p>a different place different places (not clifferents)</p><p>be (arnlisfwas. etc.) + adjective _</p><p>i_;.'I The weather is nice to . T ' 'day é</p><p>1- .! These flowers are very beautrful Qwé _</p><p>if; Are you cold? Should l close the window?</p><p>C_I I rn hungry Can I have something to eat?</p><p>"Q1 The movie wasn't very good. it was boring. _d_</p><p>If I1 Please be quiet I'm reading.</p><p>looldfeelfsmellftastefsound + od,|'ecl'.ive</p><p>% look tired. }</p><p>| You ooun It ocnello good.</p><p>ll: "lsaotoo good</p><p>fool t-lrissl</p><p>if} “You look tired.“ “I feel tired"</p><p>iii Eric toid me about his new job. it sounds really interesting.</p><p>El l*m not going to eat this fish. it doesn’: smell good.</p><p>Compare:</p><p>is l I l are l I lis ' U</p><p>He feels tired. I They look lhappym It I smells good.</p><p>| llooks I J Lsoundl l l tastes</p><p>get + adjective [get hungryltired. etc] -Ir Unit 54 sonsethlngranybody + adjective -I Unit 7?</p><p>E</p><p>The words below are adjectives {tlarlt.if0I'eign. etc.) or nouns {airfju-bi eto). Use an adjective and a</p><p>xercises i</p><p>E3-1 Put the words in the right order.</p><p>(new I live in I house I they 1' a)'l</p><p>E</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>i_il-_»'=|.i=-I cik-_i gear</p><p>noun to complete each sentence.</p><p>Fl.-"' “'1.</p><p>l. air dangerous -fa-|Iei-gn- hot knife long vacation</p><p>clouds dark fresh job -languages- sharp water I.-l</p><p>-c_' _.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>5</p><p>F’</p><p>Do you speak any . ?</p><p>Look at those .It's going to rain.</p><p>Sue works very hard. and she's very tired. She needs a</p><p>Youneedto make tea.</p><p>Cari you open the window? We needsome</p><p>l need a to cut these onions.</p><p>Firefighting isa.</p><p>513 Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from the bones.</p><p>"-.</p><p>"a-.</p><p>El You ..... .... "5 53’-'</p><p>feel(s] look(s) + [ii-iisppy l'llCe §iIi3pHsIii""*-|</p><p>filoolds) sniell(s) taste{s) H,-l -gang‘ V I H sick terrible</p><p>'-</p><p>I. . i I _ i</p><p>_|-'I-</p><p>.ar- ’i"ii;"'it‘</p><p>ll-H’</p><p>1-_\__</p><p>___ "II ?-. _|-I--</p><p>.’_</p><p>I||-i- - ___1</p><p>I.1 -‘.7-...---"_" _2§.—-pi .'_-.-T‘i-il _'=-_||.|.|_I -I."-".' I'_"'.:'1 :"-."'-' " ___.___,._</p><p>I‘...‘\-</p><p>:''-" ‘.1’ I</p><p>"""D‘a- .p</p><p>""..*</p><p>— 'f|...'</p><p>F-.i</p><p>I .-_',</p><p>A and B don't agree. Complete B's sentences. Use feellloolt, etc.</p><p>Ui"'i-Ii..il"l-#--l.l'-l!|"'-l‘—i</p><p>A E</p><p>You lfiji-Elk tirsa I do? I (feel)</p><p>This. i5 3, now -oo3_[,</p><p>a very old man. 95.</p><p>si These chairs aren't beautiful, but comfortable-</p><p>5 The weather is nice today. warm and sunny.</p><p>late.” "hlo, I’m not. |’m early!"</p><p>therine isn't at home. at work.</p><p>your coat." “Oh, thank you very much.“CIII“-.lU‘i</p><p>=r‘~i Bi-I</p><p>0 Look at Anna's sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself-</p><p>? (name?) My '5 (favorite color or colors?)</p><p>2 (age?)</p><p>3 (from?) 6 [interestedin...?)</p><p>e (job?) 5</p><p>Write sentences for the pictures. Use:</p><p>{angry cold hot hungry scared</p><p>I A iiI?--E</p><p>_"iAI</p><p>-I-</p><p>2 -'4 6</p><p>a Write true sentences, affirmative or negative. Use is,'isn’t or are.'aren't.</p><p>I (it I hot today) or</p><p>2 (it I windy today) it __</p><p>3 {my hanclsilcold)</p><p>4 (Brazil I a very big country) . ..</p><p>5 (diamonds I cheap) .</p><p>5 [Quebec .1’ in the United States)</p><p>Write true sentences. affirmative or negative. Use I'm I I’n'i ntiit.</p><p>r (tired) .. .. or... ..</p><p>9 (in bed)</p><p>Io (interested in politics)</p><p>-ii Additional exercise ‘I (page 233}</p><p>A</p><p>Aflirrncitive Question</p><p>l a a I? -</p><p>J'-</p><p>he ' he?</p><p>she is is she?</p><p>= it it?</p><p>l'l"li l"l'l</p><p>l| II-| i</p><p>I</p><p>l_II-I I I L_J-I I it-'1!</p><p>WE</p><p>'1._ I</p><p>‘l-I</p><p>I</p><p>ll</p><p>we?</p><p>H Are they new? .I' Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)</p><p>Wltere-..?i'What...?rWho...?{Hour--.'t,i'Why...?</p><p>F'W</p><p>Ic r-r-</p><p>-'i.I .</p><p>Is-__ _-'</p><p>Where is your mother? ls she home?</p><p>If-1' “Where are you from?‘ “Canada.”</p><p>'l:l' "What color is your car?" "It's red.“</p><p>’ i n 1 Ir J nHour old is Joe?“ Hes 24-</p><p>C? "How are your parents?“ "They're fine.“</p><p>‘L.-I These shoes are nice. How much are they?</p><p>G This hotel isn't very good. Why is it so expensive?</p><p>what's = what is who's = who is how's = how is where's = where is</p><p>Cl What's your phone number? C1 Who's that man?</p><p>Ci Where's Emily? How's your father?</p><p>Short unsivers_ E _ .u _. ,</p><p>l I am. _l'm</p><p>I</p><p>Yes,</p><p>he 5 ' he's , 1-is 1</p><p>she 5 is. - she's ' , - flhfl i5]-|"1;_</p><p>I . HIE. you're Z ' ' UL! .;|-igr|’t_ 1..</p><p>ll‘-"I</p><p>(2?</p><p>ClIf}cl</p><p>"Are you tired?" "Yes, I am.“</p><p>“Are you hungry?“ “Ho. I'm not. but I'm thirsty."</p><p>"ls your friend Japanese?" "Yes, he is." __r_</p><p>"Are these your keys?" "Yes, they are."</p><p>"11'iet's my seat." "No, it isn't."</p><p>_ Are you married?</p><p>How old are you?</p><p>. re rgri." 3</p><p>1--l-.J ' H‘</p><p>_i- Am I late?“ "No, you're on time."</p><p>Ci "Is your mother ho rne?” "No. she's out."</p><p>C1 “Are your parents home?" "No. they're out."</p><p>‘Cl? "ls it cold in your room?" "Yes, a little bit."-</p><p>EJ Your shoes are nice. Are they new?</p><p>HIT)/i5/HT? L.lE?StiOl")S) www-irLat1guage-ootri</p><p>We say</p><p>CI ls she home? I ls your mother home? [not Is home your mother?)</p><p>i_J . . .</p><p>That's my ee.-at.</p><p>. . rit No, _ it's i not. or ' it</p><p>... . TM ND’ _ , .. L _ .</p><p>WE‘ 5 "iI"ii"E'|"E' ? WE ' T</p><p>'l"'you</p><p>they , . they're they i§\ .</p><p>-1. L:</p><p>amiisiare -It Unit 1 questions -Ii Unit £1 'W|'IilIl'W|‘liC|‘|fhDW -l Unit 45 (at) home -I Unit 106</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Find the right answers for the questions.</p><p>1 Where's the camera? i ' A Toronto-</p><p>- 2 Is your car blue? ; g B No. I'm not. -</p><p>i 3 ls hlicole from London? f j C ‘res, you are. E</p><p>_ 4 Am l late? D My sister.</p><p>; 5 Where's Megan from? E Black.</p><p>5 What color is your bag? Q F No, it's black.</p><p>? Are you hungry? G In your bag.</p><p>{'Ii"'-.|li'.l"iil-.-l"'l-lii'-l-.iI-llf'-il—1-. E How isChristopher? ; H No. she's American. _</p><p>El Whos that woman? l Fine. '-.fi</p><p>Make questions with these words-</p><p>"I (is i home i your mother)</p><p>(your parents rare ii how)</p><p>“i-.|'U"‘l-Ln-F‘-!-|.iI-.ill"--.il</p><p>.i-'-..-'-..---..-'--.</p><p>interesting I is ,1 your job)</p><p>the stores I’ are I open today)</p><p>from I where I‘ you i are)</p><p>interested in sports ii you r are)</p><p>(is i near here i the train station)</p><p>8 (at school i are i your children)</p><p>9 (you i are I late I why)</p><p>6 Complete the questions. UseWhat...iW'ho... ,'Where...;'How....</p><p>--Ji:J"i'i.i"i-£1-i..i».it-..i-i</p><p>Write the questions.</p><p>"3-'1'</p><p>"-'D'|Zfl'*'-.l'III-"iii-.-"1-il!1'-li.i'-l'l'-.lI_i</p><p>(name ?) ..-..loi.he1;?e.xou.c..oe.iIi.e?.. .</p><p>(Australian?)</p><p>(how old?) ..</p><p>(a teacher?) .</p><p>(married?) ..</p><p>(wife a lawyer?) .</p><p>(from?)</p><p>(her name?)</p><p>(how old?)</p><p>2 Are you thirsty?</p><p>.l:Io.iix.-ai:is..-..... your children?</p><p>the bus stop?</p><p>your children?</p><p>these oranges?</p><p>your favorite sport?</p><p>the man in this photo?</p><p>your new shoes?</p><p>Write short answers (Yes. I am. I’ Ho. he isn't., etc.).</p><p>1 ATE ‘y‘ClI..l lTiHl'fiECi? 4 Ara yij;-|_1r h.3r|i'_;l5 igigild?</p><p>5 Isit dark now?</p><p>They're fine.</p><p>At the end of the block.</p><p>Five, six, and ten.</p><p>$1-5o a pound-</p><p>Skiing-</p><p>Tnat's my father.</p><p>Black.</p><p>ERIE</p><p>Eric.</p><p>I“-lo, I'm Canadian-</p><p>l'm ao-</p><p>hlo, I'm a lawyer.</p><p>‘i'es, I am.</p><p>hlo, she's a teacher-</p><p>She's from Mexico.</p><p>Ana.</p><p>She's 2?.</p><p>3 ls it cold today? 6 Are youateacher?</p><p>-i Additlonai exercises 1-2 {pages 233-239]</p><p>-.,ii--.i-..i+-.-i-o--i.i---.i--.i-oi</p><p>A</p><p>rin eating.</p><p>lj.--_c-.. .5.</p><p>She's eating, It's raining. They're running,</p><p>She isn't reading The sun isn't shining. They aren't walking.</p><p>The present continuous is:</p><p>amiisiare + doing,i'eatirigfrunningi'writing, etc-</p><p>he</p><p>she</p><p>it</p><p>we</p><p>you</p><p>1 they</p><p>amiis.I'are + —ing = something is happening nous</p><p>post now future</p><p>H</p><p>I-_l‘ Please be quiet. I'm working (= I'm working now)</p><p>I i</p><p>‘</p><p>I am (not) § ' - T I'm working I'm not watchingT'v’.</p><p>is (not) .</p><p>-iris -i</p><p>F</p><p>' Maria is reading a newspaper-</p><p>. She isn't eating. (or She's not eating.)</p><p>' T|'lE bus is coming</p><p>| gr We're having dinner.</p><p>are (not) 1 "_.= You're not listening to me. [or You aren't listening. - .)</p><p>, i Ci The children are doing their homework.</p><p>I'm working</p><p>she's wearing a hat</p><p>they're playing baseball</p><p>I'm not watching T‘v'</p><p>‘L-'-' Look. there's Sarah. She's wearinga brown coat. (= she is wearing it now)</p><p>Ci The weather is nice. it's not raining</p><p>III? "‘ii‘*i'here are the children?“ "They're playing in the park."</p><p>(on the phone) We're haying dinner now. Can l call you later?</p><p>You can turn off the T"v'. I'm not watching it.</p><p>": I‘</p><p>IT _ -</p><p>For spelling see Appendix 5.</p><p>come —i coming write —ii writing dance —ii dancing</p><p>run —i running sit --iii sitting swim -1- swimming</p><p>lie —:i lying</p><p>r;-Jails‘ -.»:.-ii~1-..-*'*'§-*5.-.5»-ii]-;_i*.»*'</p><p>irLanguage.=sm</p><p>amiisrare -Ii Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) -I Unit ii I am doing and I do -I Unit 5</p><p>What are you doing tomorrow? -I Unit Iii</p><p>Exercises</p><p>GI</p><p>JANE</p><p>What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences:</p><p>l::El_t!-H have lie play sit wait?) . |_,_-,| |. |_,i_.i.. _ie u-jg?-re</p><p>_-- I?</p><p>I,_-. i“-..|</p><p>_--' J</p><p>i-I-I</p><p>‘I an apple. 4 on the Hoor</p><p>2 forabus.5 .................breakfast</p><p>3 They 5 the table</p><p>M1__.l.-_¢-_1-</p><p>|'_i'|</p><p>' .1" _.5.-</p><p>ITH I.</p><p>-l.__-l-l.l..l.i____.__</p><p>-1-}. 'E|'</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:</p><p>. T '. ' '" ' T ‘i[build cook leave stand stay swim take -worle</p><p>"I Please be quiet.</p><p>2 "Where's]ohn?" "He's in the kitchen. He</p><p>3 "You on my foot." “Oh, I'm sorry.“</p><p>4 Look! in the river.</p><p>S We're here on vacation. We at a hotel on the beach.</p><p>6 "Where's Sue?" "Sheshower."</p><p>7' Theya new hotel downtown.</p><p>now. Goodbye!</p><p>I----l--I-----I-ll-l|lll-ll-I---n----III. - I</p><p>Look at the picture. Write sentences about lane. Use She’: -iltg or She hit —irq.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>Tr’</p><p>8</p><p>(have dinner)</p><p>(watch T"v')</p><p>(read a book)</p><p>(play the piano)</p><p>(laugh)</p><p>(wear a hat)</p><p>(drink coffee)</p><p>What's happening now? Write true sentences.</p><p>‘I (I r wash i rriy hair)</p><p>2 (ii: r snow) or</p><p>3 (I I sit i on a chair)</p><p>4 (I I‘ eat)</p><p>5 (it i rain)</p><p>6 (Iistudy! English)</p><p>? (I I' listen i to music)</p><p>8 (the sun i shine)</p><p>9 (I I wear i shoes)</p><p>o (Ii readi a newspaper)_l</p><p>Ill"-I-‘II lllll</p><p>I‘ I‘ I ‘I "II III ll I'll l-l II III III ll III I'll I'll II I ‘I I ‘I Ill III I</p><p>(sit on the floor) She</p><p>l. I ll I-ll I-I I-I I-</p><p>"ii</p><p>- 3-"'</p><p>Il-</p><p>I-</p><p>Afiirrnotive Question what an """" """""'g?</p><p>I lam I E ' am I I" _</p><p>' i</p><p>he I doing he doing? "</p><p>she 1 is 5 working is she working? (£5</p><p>I it going iii going?</p><p>we staying, we iti}i'lI'lg?,</p><p>you are E""‘ iare you E e""'</p><p>they | the</p><p>7:1 "Are you feeling C.‘-'i<?" ""r'es, I'm fine. thanks?‘</p><p>Ci "ls it raining?" “Yes, take an umbrella."</p><p>Iii Why are you wearing a coat? It's not cold</p><p>i_'i “What's Eric doing?" "He's studying for his exams."</p><p>Ci ‘What are the children doing?‘ “They're watching T‘v{"</p><p>[3 Look, there's Emily! Where's she going?</p><p>I-Ii Who are you waiting for! Are you waiting for Sue?</p><p>ll: is? It doesn't . (look)</p><p>I'm Amorjogn, YOU are? YOU . [5UUl'lCl]</p><p>You look cold, Really? l ................................................................................................................... (feel)</p><p>Thogo bogg oro hogoy, They are? They . [liZiDl<)</p><p>That goup lookg gooji Maybe. lJl...llI ll; . {£35119}</p><p>(like I jacket I I i’ that I green) I .,</p><p>[music I like ii do I classical iyou?) Do . .. .. .</p><p>(had i’ wonderful ia I I I trip)</p><p>{went to I restaurant I a i’ Japanese I we)</p><p>*</p><p>._._. . .s/’</p><p>7</p><p>quickly/badly/suddenly, etc. (adverbs) www.itLa.I1g'uege-eom</p><p>"IE</p><p>.i:9lI</p><p>He ate his dinner very quickly. Suddenly. the shelf fell down.</p><p>I l</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>.- |— — ' -- --II</p><p>ndjective Iquic</p><p>titiverb ,quickly badly suddenly carefully heavily e</p><p>Quickly and suddenly are adverbs</p><p>odjective + —ly —i- adverb</p><p>' ' I k bad sudden careful heavy |</p><p>. tc. .</p><p>For spelling, see Appendix easy easily heavy —-ii heavily l</p><p>Adverbs tell you how something happens or how somebody does something</p><p>C-' The train stopped suddenly. _</p><p>CI l opened the door slowly.</p><p>Please listen carefully.</p><p>Li I understand you perfectly.</p><p>i</p><p>It's raining heavily.Compare.</p><p>adjective , srdverb</p><p>Cl Sue is very quiet. ill? Sue speaks very quietly. [not speaks very quiet}</p><p>'3' Be careful! _J Listen carefully! (not listen careful)</p><p>CI It was a bad game. l {:1 Our team played badly. {not played bad)</p><p>l felt nervous. -5:5 I waited nervously.</p><p>[= l was nervous)</p><p>Id.-</p><p>hard fast late early</p><p>These words are adjectives and adverbs:</p><p>i-23 Sue‘s job is very hard. Cl Sue works very hard. {not hardly]</p><p>".'_'.'I Ben is a fast runner. U Ben can run fast.</p><p>Li The bus was lateiearly. Cl l went to bed lateiearly.</p><p>good (adjective) -1» well (oclverb)</p><p>ill Your English is very good. l fl You speak English very well. [not very good)</p><p>Cl It was a good game. l III" Gui team played well.</p><p>But well is also an odjective (= not sick. in good health}:</p><p>“How are you?" "I'm very well, thank you. And you?"</p><p>adjectives -I Unit B3</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with these adverbs:</p><p>angrily badly dangerously fast -heavily quietly</p><p>'TIiI-I-Iili</p><p>i.§L»'</p><p>J‘..._,_iij*</p><p>‘I It’s raining . .. .heavi.bi. .. 4 She shouted at me</p><p>2 He sings very 5 f.hi_=_- can run very</p><p>3 They came in 6 He was driving</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.</p><p>lira come know sleep win ii + |"r-earefu~lly- clearly hard well Hi"</p><p>t__e.itplain -list-en- think workJ lgkcarefully easily quickly well</p><p>‘I l’rn going to tell you something very important, so please</p><p>2 They . .. .. At the end of the day they're always tired.</p><p>3 I'm tired this morning. last night.</p><p>4 You play chess much better than me. When we play, you always . .-</p><p>5 . before you answer the question.</p><p>6 I've met Nicole a few times. but I clon’t .. her very ..</p><p>Ti’ Ciur teacher doesrrt things We never understand him.</p><p>8 Anna! I need your help...-..-....-....... .</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>1 Don't eat so It's not good for you. {quickly is right}</p><p>2 Why are you angryjangrily? I didn't do anything.</p><p>3 Can you speak slowjslowly, piease?</p><p>4 Come on, Dave! Why are you always so slowjslowiyi</p><p>5 Bill is a very carefuljcarefully driver.</p><p>5 Jennifer is studying hardjhardly for her exams.</p><p>F "Wheres Emma?" "She was here, but she left suddenflsuddenly."</p><p>E! Please be guietjguietly. i’m studying.</p><p>9 Some companies pay their workers very badjbadly.</p><p>10 Those oranges look nicejnicely. Can I have one?</p><p>1‘! I don't remember much about the accident. Everything happened guickflguickly.</p><p>Write good or well.</p><p>T Your English is very You speak it very......!iiti';Til......</p><p>2 Cilivia did very... on the quit today.</p><p>3 The party was . . .. Ienjoyed it a lot.</p><p>4 James has a difficult job. but he does it .. . ...</p><p>5 How are your parents? Are they</p><p>5 Did you have a vacation? Was the weather ?</p><p>old older heavy heavier expensive more expensive</p><p>Older I heavier I more expensive are comparative forms.</p><p>The comparative is -er (older) or more . . . (more expensive).</p><p>older I heavier, etc.</p><p>Short words (‘I syllable) —i- -er:</p><p>old —s older slow A slower cheap —) cheaper</p><p>nice —-Ii nicer late —1i later big —:i- bigger</p><p>For spelling, see Appendix 5: big —:+ bigger hot —e hotter thin -1- thinner</p><p>Words endirgi-ti -y —:i -iec l</p><p>easy -1 easier heavy —i- heavier early —i- earlier</p><p>!.'_'.i Rome is old. but Athens is older. (not more old]</p><p>Ci ls it cheaper to go by car or by train? (not more cheap)</p><p>Ci Helen wants a bigger car.</p><p>-ffj: This coat is GK, but I think the other one is nicer.</p><p>£1 I= Don't take the bus. it's easier to take a taxi. (not more easy)</p><p>far -—ii farther".</p><p>Ci at How far is it to the station? A mile?</p><p>e: No, it's farther. About two miles.</p><p>Long words (EHI4 syllabiesl —} more... :</p><p>careful -ii more careful polite —:i more polite</p><p>expensive —ir more expensive interesting —e more interesting</p><p>If] You shouid be more careful.</p><p>!.'f.l I don't like my job. I want to do something more interesting</p><p>iji Is it more expensive to go by car or by train?</p><p>go-odi'well—i-better bad—;-worse</p><p>Ci The weather wasn't very good yesterday. but it's better today.</p><p>i.‘_'.'] “Do you feel better today?" "No, I feel worse."</p><p>Which is worse — a headache or a toothache?</p><p>older than . . . i’ more expensive than -I Unit 86 the oldest I the most expensive -I Unit as</p><p>E</p><p>10</p><p>11</p><p>12</p><p>13</p><p>14</p><p>15</p><p>16</p><p>xercises</p><p>Look at the pictures and write the comparative (older I more interesting, etc.}.</p><p>'-I</p><p>"'11.-i heavy 5'7"‘ big ii" slow</p><p>5 -l H tl.-l'l'lilE</p><p>ill</p><p>v'I-t" -</p><p>expensive ‘iii high _ ii dangerous '</p><p>' ,.-»"~~'*--I "§i~'Ii.=</p><p>4.000 rn</p><p>5.000 rn</p><p>.|-------.-- -.------------------ ----------. nu-I--I-IIII-IIIIIII'III'IIl'lll""l""-'</p><p>Write the comparative.</p><p>E snai</p><p>J</p><p>‘I old 5 seed</p><p>2 strong T" large</p><p>3 happy</p><p>4 modern</p><p>5 important</p><p>Write the opposite.</p><p>.- 3 serious</p><p>0 pretry</p><p>10 crowded</p><p>1 younger 4 better .</p><p>2 colder 5 nearer .</p><p>3 cheaper 6 easier .</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.</p><p>1 Allison's car isn't very big. She wants a -.--.-.i=f.I.aea.r....... one.</p><p>2 My job isn't very interesting. I want to do something .. .</p><p>3 You're not very tall. Your brother is .</p><p>4 David doesn't work very hard I work</p><p>5 My chair isn't very comfortable. Yours is</p><p>6 Your idea isn't very good. My ideais ... .</p><p>7! These flowers aren't very nice. The blue ones are ..</p><p>3 My suitcase isn't very heavy. Your suitcase .</p><p>9 I'm not very interested in art. I'm in history.</p><p>It isn't very warm today. Itwasyesterday.</p><p>These tomatoes don't taste very good. The other ones tasted</p><p>Peru isn't very big. Brazil is .. . ..</p><p>Los Angeles isn't very beautiful. San Francisco is .</p><p>This knife isn't very sharp. Do you have a .. one?</p><p>People today an=.=n't very polite. In the past they were</p><p>The weather isn't too bad today. Often it is much</p><p>I'm taller than you. '.i-t¥.~?7"</p><p>_ .1 4|! e_ . . 9.</p><p>-I "i ilpiiewamiii “lg .. -</p><p>Ti‘ ' it . :ii.:r-.?' - _. I ~tU1flo'l1Ei' - '_ gg..</p><p>_ J lbaiiiiba nagegtiil . ..</p><p>- - iii vies1°ff‘..u.isi.--- it.</p><p>She's taller than him. The Capitol Hotel is more expensive than the Grand Hotel.</p><p>._ii*_'.~g.'ir’ 1'1.</p><p>I-II gr4%</p><p>.-yo-I‘I11_-|</p><p>We use than after comparatives (older than . . . I more expensive than . . . . etc):</p><p>I.'_i- Athens is older than Rome.</p><p>Ci Are oranges more expensive than bananas?</p><p>!f.'= It's easier to take a taxi than to take the bus</p><p>“How are you today?“ “Not bad. Better than yesterday."</p><p>Q The restaurant is more crowded than usual.</p><p>We usually say: than rne I than him I than her I than us i than them.</p><p>You can say:</p><p>C.1 I can run faster than him. or I can run faster than he can.</p><p>:j1__'.I- You are a better singer than me or You are a better singer than I am.</p><p>fl] I got up earlier than her. or I got up earlier than she did.</p><p>'i</p><p>more! lessthan... 155</p><p>[ff .4: How much did your shoes cost? $100? MORE -'-_'.'.i_'l'N mu</p><p>e: No, more than that. (= more than $100) Ii.l.-|-</p><p>i_'__'_.= The movie was very short — less than an hour. ..</p><p>[T11 They have more money than they need.</p><p>-ij You go out more than me.</p><p>SD LE5-5 THAN 100</p><p>a little older I much older. etc.</p><p>.- -1"’ - "--.</p><p>_-FF - I 1'._|_- | -s | . . ---</p><p>-J‘</p><p>_,-P</p><p>Box A is a little bigger than Box B. Box</p><p>C is much bigger than Box D.</p><p>bigger !j_'T Canada is much bigger than France.</p><p>3 lime older Sue is a little older than Josh — she's 25 and he's 24.</p><p>better than . . . Ci The hotel was rnuch more expensive than Imuch ..more difficult I expected.</p><p>more expensive ‘If. You go out much more than me.</p><p>old -—:i older. expensive —e more expensive -Ii Unit I5 rlflf as - - - I5 4' Unit I?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences about Lia and Ben. Use than.</p><p>U"'i.U'l-l:i~=Lli-ll"--'|—'-</p><p>IIli“-.lCl"'il...il"l.l2-.‘L-I-I'l*\-.li_'i</p><p>9</p><p>10</p><p>l'l</p><p>‘I2</p><p>l'n'i 25.</p><p>I'm not a very good swimmer.</p><p>I'm 5 feet 10 inches tall.</p><p>I start work at sou.</p><p>I don't work very hard.</p><p>I don't have much money.</p><p>I'm a very good driver.</p><p>I'm not very patient.</p><p>I'm not a very good dancer. "-Eii'CIIl"--liI.l‘ii'-.ii"l-ilL'-l.I-iir~.i-_1-</p><p>I'm very intelligent. 10</p><p>I speak Spanish very well. 11</p><p>I don't go to the movies very much. 12</p><p>I</p><p>LIZ BEN =.</p><p>‘ii rial?i '- '</p><p>I'm 24.</p><p>I'm a very good swimmer.</p><p>I'm 5 feet B inches tall.</p><p>I start work at 8:30.</p><p>I work very hard.</p><p>I have a lot of money.</p><p>I'm not a very good driver.</p><p>I'm very patient.</p><p>I'm a good dancer.</p><p>I'm not very intelligent.</p><p>I don't speak Spanish very well.</p><p>I go to the movies a lot.</p><p>Lia. r Lia is a .. ..</p><p>Ben ......!e.a..I2e1ttet.s.'ni.m.rnet.tha.n.Lia-.... . s Ben ..</p><p>it is 9 Ben .. .L</p><p>Lia starts Ben.</p><p>B</p><p>10</p><p>11 Lia</p><p>Benhas 12 Ben........-</p><p>Complete the sentences. Lise than.</p><p>He isn't very tall. You're .. ..1;al.li‘r-.*I?T.l-T-.lfii'iir1..l?.i.irrfI..-..- or ...-..12ai.let.than.he.ie......</p><p>She isn't very old. You're</p><p>I don't work very hard. You work</p><p>He doesn't watch TY very much. You</p><p>I'm not a very good cook. You</p><p>We don't know many people. You</p><p>They don't have much money. You</p><p>I can't run very fast. Youcan</p><p>She hasn't been here very long. You</p><p>They didn't get up very early. You</p><p>‘I</p><p>Z</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>Ti’</p><p>B</p><p>‘ii</p><p>‘I0</p><p>'l'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>I-ie wasn't very surprised. You</p><p>Emma is 25. Joe is 245-.</p><p>Emma .......ie-.a-.iiti;Ie..oldet.than..Joe-...............-.</p><p>Jack's mother is 52. His father is 69.</p><p>Jack'smother</p><p>My camera cost $150. Yours cost $145.</p><p>My camera .</p><p>Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel Cil-<1.</p><p>I f I</p><p>Complete the sentences with a little or much + comparative (olderfbetter. etc.).</p><p>'l</p><p>Today the temperature is 12 degrees Celsius. Yesterday it was 10 degrees Celsius.</p><p>Sarah is an excellent volleybali player. I'm not very good.</p><p>Sarah ..</p><p>T</p><p>_ Rome is not as old as Athens</p><p>(= Athens is older)</p><p>_ The Grand Hotel isn't as expensive as the Western</p><p>[= the Western is more expensive]</p><p>iii ' fte</p><p>notasmuchas...,inotasmanyas...</p><p>Ci I don't have as much money as you. (= you have more money}</p><p>-I ' . — It more eo le)</p><p>LII ' .</p><p>I. i ' .</p><p>You can say</p><p>‘.3 She's not as old as him. or Shes not as old as he is.</p><p>- --' - .-</p><p>not HS I I- ... HS</p><p>c‘;-Iii:-iiii"i:1-iiiivif-'l-Bii-i',;=;_ri**</p><p>HUI I5 . . . H5</p><p>‘ ir._.ar1guage-tsm</p><p>1 -.4._</p><p>1</p><p>She's old. but she's not as old as he is. Box A isn't as big as Box B.</p><p>.-"-sI _ 1'i__ - _</p><p>r' I -"I-| I</p><p>l_ __| I</p><p>_ I don t play soccer as o n as you</p><p>(= you play more often]</p><p>i _J The weather is- better than it was yesterday It isn t as cold.</p><p>{= as cold as it was yesterday)</p><p>!' i I don t know as many people as you i[- you now p p</p><p>I don t go out as much as you (= you go out more)</p><p>Compare not as as and than</p><p>-_h Rome is not as old as Athens</p><p>Athens is older than Rome (not older as Rome]</p><p>Q. Tennis isn t as popular as soccer</p><p>Soccer is more popular than tennis.</p><p>_. I don t go out as much as you.</p><p>You go out more than me.</p><p>We usually say: as me I as him J‘ as hen. etc.</p><p>-" -I J I</p><p>I: You dont work as hard as me or You don t work as hard as I do</p><p>We saythesameas . . .:</p><p>ill? The weather today is the same as yesterday.</p><p>KI! My hair is the same color as yours.</p><p>‘:1 I arrived at the same time as Tim.</p><p>muchimany 4‘ Unit B1 older than . . . ii’ more expensive than . . . -I Unit B6</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Look at the pictures and write sentences about A. B, and C.</p><p>E :' 3'_ _\“</p><p>.-"5't »"5'k</p><p>Bil}</p><p>'{: Cl</p><p>- “ l=:=lon‘t mrn Iwork</p><p>v</p><p>-FF -</p><p>I-I</p><p>I have</p><p>$ 5.005.</p><p>I have</p><p>$ 4,000.</p><p>I have</p><p>$ 5.000. lwork Ga. but nottoo harol</p><p>1--i- _-I--</p><p>1 A is ....-.Iaigoer.12ha.n..iI.-iaas..o.ot.as. .</p><p>2 A B, but not.....-..-.. C.</p><p>4 A is but</p><p>5 B has</p><p>5 Cworks</p><p>Write sentences with as . . . as . . ..</p><p>1 Athens is older than Rome. Rome ..-...i!atl.'1;.ofi..t2lt§l..afEr.c‘s.i2l]:.5*£1f-Es..-..-....-..-..</p><p>2 My room is bigger than yours. Your room i=sn’t .. . . .. .</p><p>3 You got up earlier than me. lclicln’t ..</p><p>4 We played better than them. They</p><p>5 |’ve been here longer than you. You</p><p>5 She's more nervous than him. He</p><p>Write as or than.</p><p>i Athens is older Rome. 5 Joe isn't as intelligent he thinks.</p><p>2 I clon't watch T‘v‘ as much .. you. 6 Belgium is smaller Switzerland.</p><p>3 You eat more me. I? Brazil isn’t as big Canada.</p><p>4 l’n'1 more tlrecl today . I was yesterday. E I can’t wait more an hour.</p><p>Complete the sentences about lulia, Andy, and Laura. Use the same age! the same street. etc.</p><p>l '- I'm 22. rm 24.</p><p>l live on Hill Street. I live on Baker Street.</p><p>'“"-.</p><p>.r.' l r</p><p>I'm 24.</p><p>I live on Hill Street."fa"</p><p>I ll -- l EDI UP Elli 115. . H l EOE l.lP_EllI 115. I Sg[ up 3|; }';:£5_</p><p>l 'l'.'.lCll'l E l'lE"u|'E E CEll"- , " .- P C-Ell’ l5 dHl'l€ b-ll..lE'. "' '|-1. I haiurg 51 can |1:'5 dark mug-_</p><p>.| '|</p><p>_H_.ll'_lA AND?’ LAURA</p><p>1 (age) ...-.oI1tly..ia..th.e.ea.me.aoe.ae.Lauta-..-..-..-.. ..</p><p>2 (street) Julia .</p><p>3 (time) Juliagotup........ .. . ..</p><p>4 (color) Ancly's.,..,....,..,,,,, _</p><p>17</p><p>the oldest the most expensive</p><p>Box A is bigger than Box B.</p><p>Box A is bigger than all the other boxes.</p><p>Box A is the biggest box.</p><p>MOTEL Fl-'=‘.lCE5 IH</p><p>JAME5TOWN</p><p>[Per room per night]</p><p>- - - - I I I | - | - - . - . . - . . | - | ' ' - I - - - - - - - - I - I I I ' I - - - - - - - - - - I I ' ' ' ' ' I I - I - - I --‘I-"‘---!---lllPl'-'--I-1--llI</p><p>Best West Motel 5iBil Dali Tree Motel $105</p><p>Sleep inn $135 Cory Cabins 590</p><p>Rainbow Motel $110 Lake View Ii-in 51!]</p><p>The Best West Motel is more expensive than the</p><p>Sleep Inn.</p><p>The Best West Motel is more expensive than all</p><p>the other motels in town.</p><p>The Best West Motel is the most expensive motel</p><p>in town.</p><p>Short words ioldfcheapinice etc)</p><p>old er the oldest cheap —+ the cheapest nice -—i- the nicest</p><p>bu good -—s the best bad -zi the worst</p><p>I For spelling see Appendix 5 big —i» the biggest hot A» the hottest</p><p>Words ending in —y (easy!heavy etc) —-ii the</p><p>—i~ the easiest heavyeasy</p><p>IE5!</p><p>—i~ the heaviest pretty —:i the prettiest</p><p>Long words (carefulfexpensivefinteresting. etc] —i~ the most</p><p>careful —ii the most careful interesting -2- the most interesting</p><p>‘Ii Z I-I I-|</p><p>hh)We say the oldest . . . if the most expensive . . .,etc. (wit t e :</p><p>{:1 The church is very old It's the oldest building in the town.</p><p>(= it is older than all the other buildings)</p><p>'.’_i What is the longest river in the world?</p><p>[1 Money is important, but it isn't the most important thing in life.</p><p>if_‘_ji Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?</p><p>Bigger and more expensive, etc. are comparative forms (-1 Unit B5].</p><p>Biggest and most expensive, etc. are superlative forms.</p><p>The superlative form is -est {oldest} or most. . . (most expensive}.</p><p>' . - e the -est:</p><p>I</p><p>i . ' F ' . .</p><p>__—i</p><p>You can use the oldest i’ the best I the most expensive, etc. without a noun:</p><p>[J Milte is a good player, but he isn’t the</p><p>{the best = the best player)</p><p>best on the team.</p><p>You can use superlative + I’ve ever. . . ,1 you've ever . . ., etc;</p><p>-[J The movie was very bad. I think it’s the worst movie l've ever seen.</p><p>ifi What is the most unusual thing you've ever done?</p><p>present perfect + ever -I’ Unit 15 older i’ more expensive -I Units 85-BE</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences with comparatives (older, etc.) and superlatives (the oldest, etc.).</p><p>, r</p><p>__ ca)~ r - -1 (B)</p><p>bigfsmall</p><p>(rap) -..-..a-..ie.ii.I.aaer.ii.liari. ii’.-..</p><p>.-.-..a..ie-iaie..iiieae.eia._.. -</p><p>E5 Iis the emallest.</p><p>.. --- --- .. . --- --- .. --- ._._. . .. I I. I. . .. I I'i.I .-</p><p>3 A long!short</p><p>B D</p><p>l -- [}</p><p>3 lm ari</p><p>I-I l-I- I-PinE</p><p>_ A.". B..- c__JZ_ o..-</p><p>{CIA} C is</p><p>(D) D is</p><p>{B} B is</p><p>yourigfold</p><p>(D,-’C] D ..</p><p>4 _ expensiveicheap</p><p>- ‘ire-i g</p><p>(Ci</p><p>(Al</p><p>A</p><p>B C U</p><p>(DIA)</p><p>5 goodilbad</p><p>HEteegzfi £1. 5:f£::*</p><p>ed-it i I lfinfiffiff</p><p>F-eiiiiiwiiiiwi Md</p><p>___./’</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest, eto).</p><p>. (arc)</p><p>(A)</p><p>1 This building is very old. |t’s ......1-Elie.alrieai?..ti.ui.l.d.iaa....-. in town.</p><p>2 it was a very happy day. Itwas</p><p>3 lt’s a very good movie. it's</p><p>4 She's a very popular singer. She's</p><p>S It was a very bad mistake. lt was</p><p>6 It's a very pretty city. It's</p><p>T It was a very cold day. It was</p><p>B He’s a very boring person. I-le's</p><p>Write sentences with a superlative [the longest, etc.). Choose from the boxes.</p><p>eyiii-rep Alaska high -eiey- river A Africa the use</p><p>Everest the Nile large country state -Auiiei-oiiir the world</p><p>Brazil Jupiter lon mountain lanet</p><p>..§:rd.aeii.ie.i;he..iara.eat.s.l.i=.v..ia..e.ueietell.ai..........-..-</p><p>cl-'~ii.i'i-it-ii--ll‘-1'-1</p><p>ofmylife.</p><p>.. . i've ever seen.</p><p>in the country.</p><p>l've ever made.</p><p>l’ve ever seen.</p><p>of the year.</p><p>|’ve ever met.</p><p>South America the solar system</p><p>III.II...II .... II.IILI.II.I.I.</p><p>1</p><p>@3 . _.</p><p>.-r _~ . _</p><p>I only have ‘Fl-1-‘B tiollare —</p><p>riot enough for a taxi.</p><p>irLanguage.asm</p><p>She isn't going to take a taxi. He can't reach the shelf.</p><p>She doesn't have enough money. He isn't tall enough.</p><p>enough + noun (enough money Jl enough people, etc.)</p><p>III" A? ls there enough salt in the soup?</p><p>is: Yes, it's fine.</p><p>CI We wanted to play football, but we didn't have enough players</p><p>{I3 Why don't you buy a car? You've got enough money. (not money enough)</p><p>enough without a noun</p><p>"I ji l've got some money, but not enough to buy a car.</p><p>(= I need more money to buy a car)</p><p>-'.__'i A.‘ Would you like some more to eat?</p><p>e: Ho, thanks I've had enough.</p><p>=T.'_'.i You're always at home. ‘tou don't go out enough.</p><p>adjective + enough (good enough I tall enough, etc.)</p><p>{-1 AI Do you want to go swimming?</p><p>s: Ho. it isn't warm enough. (not enough warm)</p><p>i. ji= Can you hear the radio? Is it loud enough for you?</p><p>gh.i_'_'_'i Don't buy that coat. It's nice, but it isn't long enou</p><p>Remember:</p><p>enough + noun but adjective + enough</p><p>enough money tall enough</p><p>enough time good enough</p><p>enough people old enough</p><p>We %‘ i__ .-_____.</p><p>(not for buy)</p><p>{not for have)</p><p>_ I</p><p>_i to do something l down.</p><p>(= it's too short)</p><p>' enough for somebodyisomething l Ci This sweater isn't big enough for me.</p><p>1 I don't have enough money for a new car.</p><p>enough to do something Li I don't have enough money to buy a new car.</p><p>-..I.'ji Is your English good enough to have a conversation?</p><p>enough for somebodyisometh ing There aren't enough chairs for everybody to sit</p><p>to...andftir...-l>Unit51 too-H.lnit9~o</p><p>Cr</p><p>“st</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + these words:</p><p>lzjchairs -money-"1-I_ ‘paint wind</p><p>_,/pi ..</p><p>"---- l lon|_y have $10</p><p>F</p><p>i She doesn'thave 3 She doesn'thave</p><p>2 There 4 Thereisn't</p><p>#J</p><p>5'5’-1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough:</p><p>big long strong -t=all- D</p><p>i-lJ._i.$I |,c -. _.. _ ; -.-</p><p>I : .1‘ L I | '</p><p>‘--- i -ail:-:5.‘ i</p><p>E ‘Ii - "7</p><p>' 1-i ‘-'¥.iF- .I , -- =ii.:-</p><p>"ii.</p><p>'1:</p><p>_- .--_ ' ;--r</p><p>—'||l.A-</p><p>"““§.l'_s -J "0 4</p><p>._._ _,____w</p><p>__4q.-—"'-—-</p><p>'l He..-..i.52!fl.'i-E.1?iiiill..elJ.I;?Li.§5l?........-.... 3 His legs aren't...........</p><p>2 Thecar 4</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words:</p><p>big eat —loisd- old practice -oalt— space time</p><p>‘I "ls there in the soup?" “Yes, it's fine."</p><p>2 Can you hear the radio? ls it ......l.eud.e.noua.Iii....... for you?</p><p>3 He can quit school If he wants - he's</p><p>4 When I visited New ‘fork last year. I didn'thave to see all the</p><p>things I wanted to see.</p><p>5 This houseisn'tfor a large family.</p><p>5 Iiiate is very thin. She doesn't</p><p>I’ My office is very small. There isn't</p><p>B It's late, but I don't want to go to bed now. I'm not</p><p>9 Lisa isn't a very good tennis player because she doesn't</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words: _</p><p>“I We don't have a new car.</p><p>2 This knife isn't tomatoes.</p><p>3 The water wasn't swimming.</p><p>4 Do we have sandwiches?</p><p>5 We played well, but not the game.</p><p>6 I don'thave the newspaper.</p><p>{morieyilbuyj</p><p>lsharpicut)</p><p>iwarmilgo]</p><p>(bread!make)</p><p>(wellfwin)</p><p>(time!read)</p><p>ii</p><p>I</p><p>I100</p><p>‘Iii</p><p>—ii-</p><p>-I-F</p><p>O-</p><p>too big</p><p>_</p><p>We say:</p><p>—-</p><p>too + adjectiveiadverb (too big I too hard, etc.)</p><p>-‘_'-. - It-II"-._.=- Can you turn the radio down? ( Eta“ laud</p><p>It's too loud. [= louder than I want)</p><p>E3 I can't work. I'm too tired. '6 I I</p><p>Ki I think you work too hard.</p><p>is</p><p>‘F:</p><p>is</p><p>Ll We '</p><p>His shoes are too big for him. There is too much sugar in it.</p><p>too much I too many = more than you want, more than is good:</p><p>Ci I don't like the weather here. There is too much rain. (= more rain than is good)</p><p>n eo le hereLets go to another restaurant There are too ma y p p</p><p>Emily studies all the time I think she studies too much</p><p>h Th t man cars</p><p>5:1 The hat is too big for him.</p><p>‘l'_YI= The music is too loud. Can you turn it down, please?</p><p>Cl There's too much sugar in my coffee.</p><p>[= more sugar than I want}</p><p>... ___i ____.i..€_.i__</p><p>Cl Traffic is a problem in t is town. ere are oo y .</p><p>Compare too and not enough:</p><p>i:'= I don't feel very well. I ate too much.</p><p>.1? The hat isn't big enough for him. {= it's too small)</p><p>LII The music isn't loud enough. Can you turn it up, please?</p><p>C? There's not enough sugar in my cofiee.</p><p>{= I need more sugar)</p><p>H cl’ h.not big Enough Ll You're very thin. You on t eat enoug</p><p>too . . . for somebodyisomething | These shoes are too big for me.</p><p>'._.JT" It's a small house - too small for a large family.</p><p>'_ f</p><p>to . .-and for . - - -ll Unit 51 muchfmany -It Uolt B1 enough ‘I’ Ullll 59'</p><p>too ... to do something I'm too tired to go out. (not or go out)</p><p>| Li It's too cold to sit outside.</p><p>' too . . . for somebody to do something I She speaks too fast for me to understand.</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + these words:</p><p>big crowded fast _ heavy —lo-ud low ifl"anguagE"cDm...; pg A? 5}</p><p>-- Il-</p><p>‘I The musicis 4 She's driving</p><p>2 The boxis 5 Hisjacket</p><p>3 The net is . 6 The museum is</p><p>Write too I too much ,1 too many or enough.</p><p>‘I You're always at home. You don't go out .</p><p>2 I don't like the weather here. There's rain.</p><p>3 I can't wait for them. Idon't have time.</p><p>4 There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were people.</p><p>S 'i’ou're always tired. I think you work hard.</p><p>5 "Did you have to eat?" “Yes, thank you."</p><p>3’ You drink .. coffee. It's not good for you.</p><p>B You don't eat vegetables. You should eat more of them.</p><p>9 I don't like the weather here. It's</p><p>‘Iii Clur team didn't play well. We made mistakes.</p><p>1'1 "Would you like some ice in your tea?" "Yes, but not "</p><p>no.3 Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with these wogcig _ _ _ ___ __</p><p>‘I IcouIdn't work. l. ..lIi'.4I.$iI3s?€?.“5lI?P'4l. ... _ . [tired]</p><p>2 Can you turn the radio up. please? It ......l?-f:i?'.i'¢..l§?.tIs1l..§.'f?.§?.II§3l?......-... .{loud}</p><p>3 Idon't want to walk home. (far)</p><p>4 Don't buy anything in that store. It...... . {expensive}</p><p>5 You can't put all your things in this bag. It ........................................................................................... (big)</p><p>5 I couldn't do the exercise.It .. . (difficult)</p><p>7' ‘four work needs to be better. It .(good)</p><p>B Ican't talk to you now. I . .. . (busy)</p><p>5? I thought the movie was boring.It (long)</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to . . . .</p><p>1 (I'm HOE going out r cold) It's</p><p>2 (I'm not going to bed I early} It's</p><p>3 {they're not getting married I young) They're</p><p>4 (nobody goes out at night I dangerous)</p><p>It's</p><p>S (don't call Sue now I late)</p><p>6 {I didn't say anything I surprised)</p><p>Iwas</p><p>‘I81</p><p>, I m going to borrow some money from the bank</p><p>Ht: speaks English very well.</p><p>It-vi_ii'tTl t.lI'l;li.‘l' I)</p><p>verb + object</p><p>Sue bought some newshoes yesterday.</p><p>I I</p><p>subject verb object</p><p>The verb (bought) and the object (some new shoes) -</p><p>are usually together. We say:</p><p>Ci Sue bought some new shoes yesterday.</p><p>(not Sue bought yesterday some new shoes)</p><p>sue (subject) SOME new SHOES (object)</p><p>verb + object</p><p>He speaks English very well. (not He speaks very well English)</p><p>I like Italian food very much. [not I like</p><p>very much...) H</p><p>Did you watch TV all night? (not. . . watch all night Tv)</p><p>- lake often wears a black hat. [not jake wears often . .. )</p><p>I We invited a lot of people to the party.</p><p>I opened the door slowly.</p><p>I Why do you always make the same mistake?</p><p>J I</p><p>where and when</p><p>We went tio a party last night .</p><p>I I</p><p>where? when?</p><p>Place (where?) is usually before time {'when?). We say:</p><p>C; We went to a party last night. (not We went last night to a party)</p><p>place + time</p><p>(where?) (when? how long? how often?)</p><p>l Lia walks to work every day. [not . . . every day to work)</p><p>~ Will you be at home tonight? (not . .. tonight at home)</p><p>l I usually go to bed early. (not. . . early to bed) .</p><p>' We arrived at the airport at non.</p><p>l They've lived in the same house for to years. I</p><p>l }oe's father has been in the hospital since lune.</p><p>word order in questions -Ir Units 41-it alwaysitisuallyioften, etc. -I Unit it</p><p>Exerc I ses</p><p>w Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong.</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>.7’</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>I</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>II]</p><p>'l'I</p><p>12</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>I5</p><p>TI</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>‘ID</p><p>'I'l</p><p>‘I2</p><p>I3</p><p>I4</p><p>Did you watch gll night Iv? .......5..lli.1i'I.I3I"-FI.|iI.</p><p>Sue bought some new shoes yesterday.</p><p>I like very much this picture.</p><p>Tom started last week his new job.</p><p>I want to speak English fluently.</p><p>Jenn bought for her friend a present.</p><p>I drink every day three cups of coffee.</p><p>Don't eat your dinner too quickly!</p><p>I borrowed from my brother 5III dollars.</p><p>Put the words in order.</p><p>(the doorI opened I I I slowly)</p><p>(a new computer I I I last week I bought)</p><p>[finished I Matt I quickly I his work)</p><p>{Emily I very well I French I doesn't speak)</p><p>(a lot of shoppirigi did I I I yesterday)</p><p>(blew York I do you know I well?)</p><p>(we I enjoyed I very rnuch I the party)</p><p>(the problem I carefullyf I I explained)</p><p>(we I at the airport I some friends I met)</p><p>(did you buy I in Canada I that jacket)</p><p>(every day I do I the same thing I we)</p><p>(football I don't like I very much I I)</p><p>Put the words in order.</p><p>(to work I every day I walks I Megan)</p><p>(at the hotel I I I early I arrived) I</p><p>(goes I every year I to Puerto Rico I Julia) Julia</p><p>(we I since 2012 I here I have lived) We</p><p>(in Florida I Sue I in 1990 I was born)</p><p>Sue .</p><p>(didn't go I yesterday I Mike I to work)</p><p>Mike</p><p>(to a weddingi last weekend I went I Samantha)</p><p>Samantha</p><p>(I I in bed I this morning I my breakfast I had)</p><p>(in September I Iessica I to college I is going)</p><p>Jessica</p><p>(I I a beautiful bird I this morning I in the yard I saw)</p><p>(many times I have been I my parents I to Tokyo)</p><p>(my umbrella,-' I I last night I left I in the restaurant)</p><p>(to the movies I tomorrow night I are you going?)</p><p>Are</p><p>(the children I I I took I this morning I to school)</p><p>‘ | ..|. ||_|""|_||r| |"|-|..|""-.-F‘-|..|-...|-|..._-.-....-.-.--.._-......---....--|-I-.._---....--...-.---------.-------.----------I-</p><p>always often ever rare y also already ll</p><p>usuall sometimes never seldom |ust still both</p><p>always/usually/crften. etc.</p><p>it-v'r.'.1|‘d un;ler' El</p><p>These words lalwaysfnever. etc.) are with the verb in the middle of a sentence</p><p>I a</p><p>_</p><p>e. Shes still Il'l bed</p><p>J‘: rh .Th bothd ctors.</p><p>F." u _ _</p><p>2 My brother never speaks to me</p><p>_ She s always late</p><p>Do you often go to restaurants?</p><p>I I sometimes eat too much (or Sometimes I eat too much)</p><p>*I'.I.' A.‘ Don't forget to call Laura.</p><p>s: I already called her.</p><p>I'll-' I have three sisters. They're all married.</p><p>Alwaysfnever. etc. are before the verb:</p><p>verb</p><p>3"“?! I -f_.'_': I always drink coffee in the morning.</p><p>errerr Pm, __ (not I drink always coffee)</p><p>“eeerr heeel ..| Sarah often goes to Chicago on business.</p><p>eee eeer _ (riot Sarah goes often)</p><p>' " Li You sometimes look unhappy.</p><p>"'.'_'IZ= They usually have dinner at '.?:lJD.</p><p>ii; We rarely watch 'I"v'. or</p><p>We seldom watch Tv‘.</p><p>Nick is a good swimmer. He also plays tennis and volleyball.</p><p>(riot He plays also tennis)</p><p>[J I have three sisters. They all live in the same city.</p><p>But alwayslnever. etc. are after amlislarelwaslwere:</p><p>f ' em ' ' , 'II'_'.l I am always tired.</p><p>re “will-" {not I always arn tired)</p><p>ere “hm II They are never at home during the day.</p><p>. eree “Wall ~ Ci It is usually very cold here in the winter.</p><p>were etc- fl When I was a child. i was often late for school.</p><p>“‘ ‘P 5."_.'= A; Wheres Laura?</p><p>s - -</p><p>_. lhave two bro ers ey're o</p><p>Alwayslnever. etc are between two verbs (have . .. been I can . . . find, etc}:</p><p>verb I verb 2 _</p><p>_ .eri|| ee I will always remember you.</p><p>een find 1:1 It doesn t often rain here.</p><p>do, ’ ilwifi remember’ L___.'-I Do you usually drive to work?</p><p>; ere eltefl eee_ l ‘:3 I can never find my keys.</p><p>i- never. - '1 _.l Have you ever been to Egypt?</p><p>have 5 etc. E01"! L Did the phone just ring?</p><p>. hi“ l1'EE"= ‘ Ll They were all invited to the wedding.</p><p>EH1» -.</p><p>alwayslnever + simple present -I Unit 5 just + simple past -l Unit 11 all -l~ Units 78-T!</p><p>I both -s ms: so are -s ma as already-Ir Unit ss</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Read Eric’s answers to the questions. Write sentences about Eric with oftemlnevor. etc.</p><p>_ -_1|'|</p><p>. IJ. . _</p><p>_ |.</p><p>|. a:r'</p><p>+ 1| .-</p><p>serc</p><p>‘--' ...-Fr ‘I' 1'.|__a-_-</p><p>Do you ever play tennis? Yes. often.</p><p>Do you get up early? Yes. always. He</p><p>Are you ever late for work? Ho. never. He .</p><p>Do you ever get angry? Sometimes.</p><p>Do you ever go swimming? Rarely. -.</p><p>Are you at home in the evenings? Yes. usually.'U"'||LIl'l-l'1'-l-.l'-lIl"'-'l'—'l'</p><p>write these sentences with neverlalwayslusually. etc.</p><p>1 My brother speaks to me. {never}</p><p>2 Jessica is polite. (always) lessica</p><p>3 I finish work at 5:00. (usually) I</p><p>4 Sarah started a new job. (lust) Sarah</p><p>5 l go to bed before midnight. {rarely}</p><p>6 The bus isn't late. (usually)</p><p>T Idon't eat fish. (often)</p><p>E I will forget what you said. (never)</p><p>9 Have you lost your passport? (ever)</p><p>‘ID Do you work in the same place? (still)</p><p>11 They stay at thesame hotel. (always) .</p><p>12 Lia doesn't work on Saturdays. (usually)</p><p>13 ls Megan here? (already)</p><p>‘I4 What do you have for breakfast? (usually)</p><p>15 l can remember his name. [never]</p><p>Write sentences with also.</p><p>‘I Do you play football? {basketball}</p><p>2 [IQ ygu gpeak lralian? [French] Yes, and</p><p>3 Are you tired? {hungry} "r‘es,and</p><p>4 Have you been to Mexico? {Guatemala} ‘fes, .</p><p>5 Did you buy any clothes? {some books)</p><p>Write sentences with both and all.</p><p>l'm married. l was born in Colombia.</p><p>I live in Miami.</p><p>‘I-</p><p>I live tn Lima. l live IFI Lima. ,,</p><p>I play soccer. I play soccer.</p><p>l'm a student. l'm a student</p><p>I have a car. I have a car.</p><p>"I 2 They .-..-.....-..-..-..married</p><p>They .soccer. They Colombia</p><p>... students.</p><p>EET5.</p><p>still yet already</p><p>still</p><p>on h</p><p>l" r‘ ' The rain L 1'</p><p>____ I_ hasn't sto ecL er‘ l r’</p><p>#_i.Il"~/l.. pp Lia17 def/7'.</p><p>our ogo flow</p><p>'</p><p>/y - re, Il="e'.-fir‘ ,1</p><p>An hour ago it was raining. It is still raining now.</p><p>still = something is the same as before:</p><p>if. I had a lot to eat. but I'm still hungry. (= I was hungry before, and I'm hungry now}</p><p>Wt</p><p>20 minutes ogo r</p><p>-'.'.II~ "Did you sell your car?" “I*~lo.IstilI have it."</p><p>..-I Do you still live in Los Angeles?“ “No. I live in San Francisco now."</p><p>5,“ .M-|| be he,-g ;,,;;,.;.,-,_ 1 """' Where's Bill? He's very late</p><p>"|l-I</p><p>Twenty minutes ago they were They are still waiting for Bill.</p><p>wai</p><p>Ir¢t=</p><p>Weu</p><p>ting For Bill. Bill hasn't come yet</p><p>until now</p><p>se yet in negative sentences [He hasn't come yet.) and in questions [Has he come yet?).</p><p>Yet is usually at the end of a sentence:</p><p>' _; .-1; Where's Emma?</p><p>a: She isn't here yet. (= she will be here. but until now she hasn't come)</p><p>='fII= n: What are you doing tonight?</p><p>rt I don't know yet. (= I will know later; but I don't know now)</p><p>Iii .4: Are you ready to go yet?</p><p>rt Not yet In a minute. (= I will be ready, but I'm not ready now)</p><p>AI Have you decided what to do yet?</p><p>Com</p><p>s: No, I'm still thinking about it.</p><p>pare yet and still:</p><p>"_ She hasn't left yet. = She's still here. (not she is yet here}</p><p>-ifjj. I haven't finished my homework yet = I'm still doing it.</p><p>already = earlier than expected:</p><p>"What time is loe coming?” "He's already here." (= earlier than we eapected)</p><p>yet + present perfect or past -Ii Unit 19 word order [stilllaireadyj -I Unit 91</p><p>=' "l'm going to tell you what happened.“ “That's</p><p>not necessary. I already know."</p><p>-1 Sarah isn't coming to the movies with us. She already saw the film.</p><p>Exercises</p><p>You seeTina.The last time you saw her was two years ago.You ask her some questions with still.</p><p>“"3 - tr" re" es" ‘I</p><p>Do you .l lplay the piano. 4 rm Studying 3</p><p>l5ll3?3-l'l"-'1'5"'5-'- 3</p><p>5 4</p><p>Z l I have an old car l 3'3 ['3' the</p><p>movies a lot. 5</p><p>l I'm a student.3</p><p>I</p><p>Write questions with yet.</p><p>"I</p><p>---... ll</p><p>---I--l.l||6 6</p><p>Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the estample carefully.</p><p>before now</p><p>(before)</p><p>(still)</p><p>{yet}—Il*</p><p>I'rn looking For ajob (before) He was</p><p>(still)</p><p>(before) She .. ... asleep</p><p>(before) They</p><p>{still}</p><p>(yet)</p><p>You and Sue are going out together. You are waiting for her to get ready. Maybe she is ready now.</p><p>2 You are waiting for Jessica to arrive. She wasn't here 10 minutes ago. Maybe she is here now.</p><p>You ask somebody: Jessica</p><p>3 Anna had a blood test and is waiting for the results. Maybe she has gotten her results</p><p>You ask her; you ..</p><p>4 A few clays ago you spoke to Tom. He wasn't sure where to.go for his vacation. Maybe he has decided.</p><p>You ask him: .. . .. .. . .</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use already.</p><p>tJ"».l...|l"l.|fe-LP-"l"--5-"</p><p>What time is Joe coming? ......Irl.e'e-e.Ireadv....-... here.</p><p>Do they want to see the movie? No. theyit.</p><p>I have to see lulia before she leaves. It's too late. She .</p><p>Do you need a pen? hlo. thanks. I .. one.</p><p>Should I pay the bill? No. that's Oi’-1. I .</p><p>Should I tell Paul about the meeting? No, he .I told him.</p><p>r (yet) yet.</p><p>Give me that book‘ Give it to me‘</p><p>give lend pass send show tr</p><p>"5 “H iiJ‘</p><p>After these verbs (givellend etc.). there are</p><p>two possible structures</p><p>give something to somebody</p><p>i I gave the keys to Sarah.</p><p>give somebody something</p><p>1 I gave Sarah the keys.</p><p>give something to somebody</p><p>something to sornebody</p><p>Thats my book Give to me</p><p>These are Sues keys Can you give them to her?</p><p>Can you give these flowers</p><p>I I</p><p>I</p><p>SARAH</p><p>to your mother?</p><p>ent my car to a friend of mine</p><p>Did you send | a postcard to Kate?</p><p>We ve seen these pictures You showed them to us</p><p>|-—-- it |.l. Li W‘</p><p>give somebody something</p><p>How much money did you</p><p>Nicole</p><p>Can you</p><p>You can say</p><p>Give</p><p>gave</p><p>lent</p><p>lend</p><p>sent</p><p>somebody something _</p><p>that book Its mine</p><p>some flowers</p><p>oe some money</p><p>his mother</p><p>ou an email Did you get it?</p><p>showed her vacation photos</p><p>pass the salt, please?</p><p>You can also say buylget somebody something</p><p>I I bought my mother some flowers (= I bought some flowers for my mother)</p><p>j I m going to the store Can I get you anything? (= get anything for you)</p><p>: I gave the keys to Sarah.</p><p>ond I gave Sarah the keys</p><p>(but not I gave to Sarah the keys)</p><p>' That's my book Can you give it to me?</p><p>and Can you give me that book?</p><p>(but not Can you give to me that book?)</p><p>We prefer the first structure (give something to somebody) with it or them</p><p>f I gave it to her (not I gave her it)</p><p>_ Here are the keys. Give them to your father (riot Give your father them)</p><p>itlhimithem etc -Ii Unit S?</p><p>xercises</p><p>Mark had some things that he didn't want. He gave them to difl'erent people.</p><p>.-F _</p><p>ii-</p><p>‘-—'-—' SHRFIH RUBERT A NEIGHBCIR</p><p>ES -"EYE</p><p>lll' T?H_</p><p>.--""-_-</p><p>nissisrsa cner</p><p>Write sentences beginning He gave . . . .</p><p>1 What did Mark do with the armchair?</p><p>2 What did he do with the tennis racket? He gave .. ..</p><p>3 What happened to the books? He</p><p>4 What about the lamp?</p><p>S What did he do with the pictures?</p><p>IS And the ladder? .. .. ..</p><p>You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures. Write a</p><p>sentence for each person.</p><p>__ r r __ L I</p><p>_. Z i</p><p>-' snot r _:z- JDANNA | 5,1" iiici-i.=.iio 5. s.vi.vi.ii ancnst irsviiv '?.</p><p>3 -T qr :</p><p>1|-</p><p>l _a-.1 ‘d I</p><p>' F:-1"-iii |__ ___ -i§_ E-I;-t</p><p>llq lI.-Ill I</p><p>1 -*-Ii</p><p>2 S</p><p>Write questions beginning Can you give me . . . H Can you pass me . . . ?, etc.</p><p>‘I {you want the salt) (pass) .......Qfi.I'l.3:.IiI;!i.I..P.-iiitif‘.-ii..IIlTl.~I‘ii.lElTIe..'r'=i.e.l1;Z...-........</p><p>2 [you need an umbrella) (lend) Can you . ..</p><p>[you want my address) (give) Can . your.</p><p>you need 20 dollars) lend)</p><p>ou want more information) send)</p><p>ou want to see the letter) show)‘UT-l'i.-l'l-h'sl...I-l -I"""I-i-I'_'I-i-I"-"\"":""C 1-—-.1-'-...--H.</p><p>Which is correct?</p><p>1 eSarah the_ keys. {I gave Sarah the keys is right)</p><p>2 I'll lend to you some moriey ifyou want. I I'll lend you some money Ifyou want.</p><p>3 Did you send the bill me? I Did you send the bill to me?</p><p>4 I want to buy for you a present. I I want to buy you a present-</p><p>S Cari you pass to me the suggr, please? I Can you pass me the sugar. please?</p><p>6 This is Julia's bag. Can you give it to her? I Can you ?</p><p>Z? I showed to the police officer my driver's license. I I showed the police officer my driver's license.</p><p>‘I89</p><p>and but or so because</p><p>We use these words (conjunctions) to join two sentences. They make one longer sentence from two</p><p>shorter sentences:</p><p>sentence A The car stopped.—l— The driver got out. sentence B</p><p>The car stopped, and the driver got out.</p><p>andfbiitfor</p><p>sentence A sentence B</p><p>a n -i n —</p><p>' We stayed home and (we)"' watched 'I"v’. ‘It is not necessary to</p><p>My sister is married and (she)" lives in Houston. repeat "we" and "she."</p><p>He doesn't like her, and she doesn't like him.</p><p>I bought a sandwich. but I didn't eat it.</p><p>It's a nice house. but it doesn't have a garage.</p><p>Do you want to go out, or are you too tired?</p><p>In lists. we use commas (,). We use and before the last thing.</p><p>if '.? I got home, had something to eat, sat down in an armchair, and fell asleep.</p><p>/7' /' /'</p><p>i.._'j- Karen is at work, Sue is shopping. and Chris is playing football.</p><p>so (the result of something)</p><p>sentence A sentence B</p><p>f I I - --II |,</p><p>loe plays a lot of sports, so he's very fit.</p><p>They dont like to travel. so they haven t been to many places.</p><p>- '— --- 1 - I‘</p><p>It was very hot, so I opened the window.</p><p>I F</p><p>because (the reason for something)</p><p>sentence A sentence B</p><p>. . I_ I opened the window because it was very hot. =</p><p>Joe can't come to the party because he's leaving town- l</p><p>Lit is hungry because she didn't have breakfast. |</p><p>Because is also possible at the beginning. We use a comma:</p><p>[J Because it was very hot, I opened the window.</p><p>i__</p><p>In these eitamples there is more than one conjunction:</p><p>Ill.‘ It was late and I was tired, so I went to bed.</p><p>="'_'.'? I love New York. but I wouldn't like to live there because it's too big.</p><p>virhenilwhilelbefore. etc. -I Unlt 96</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences. Choose from the boites and use andlbutfor.</p><p>-l-ssayeel-I=ien=e.- I didn't have your number.</p><p>dMde Should I wait here? I</p><p>- I went to the window.</p><p>1 wanted to call you. I took the bus this morning-</p><p>jumped into the river. -I-i.~.iaiasl=i-er.i—Tlv'.— 5</p><p>1 usually drive to work. i I swam to the other side.</p><p>Do you want me to come with you? ' I looked out.</p><p>.. .</p><p>. . I. Iro.ueht..a..ea.nd.rri.cb. .I:=i.i..i1'...I..=r:.Iidi:1.'."IiI=..ea’t.</p><p>“--l'l:l"'i'i.-I"?-l'J*-'l.Ii-l'I'~..‘i—1</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use andfbutfsofbecause</p><p>I-I-:|-Il re</p><p>xi-'</p><p>I FI—rI’II, .[ ___ —"a—.:-_»</p><p>r</p><p>‘F-'=i-1;I-‘.-"-=i.i.;st. l'\:;|'-III'll</p><p>-$1 it II-l-I-I '</p><p>F assent?-R)" '.=..‘l'i'=.~'"'~' -:gee e‘eee..</p><p>‘ “es-s'fii$3." =l' '.??'? rdirQ‘?</p><p>unwil-Hi</p><p>=lb?‘</p><p>--|-—-_</p><p>..?]</p><p>- ssiv "3-</p><p>#3.-_</p><p>F-orry I m late. G"'5'Oflb'5'5'</p><p>‘I It was very hot,.....eo..he..oi-oped..I;he.wi.ndow....-..-................-..-........... . .</p><p>2 They couldn't play tennis</p><p>3 They went to the museum,</p><p>-fi Ben wasn't hungry, . . ..</p><p>5 Emily was late</p><p>6 Suesaid</p><p>Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use antl.-"but. etc.</p><p>1 (arid) .-....Last.ri.Ie.ii.t..l.eta;ved..h.o.me a.nd..:stu.died.....-....-..-..-..-........</p><p>2 (because) .I .we.nt.to.bail.nary.ea.dy..l:reoa.uae..I.waa.t.ired... .</p><p>4 (and)</p><p>S (so) .</p><p>IS (because)</p><p>_ .._ —-*— _-_ -I'l'ill"ll.llft’.S</p><p>"1"</p><p>_ .= Imnot</p><p>"I</p><p>When I went out, it was raining.</p><p>This sentence has two parts:</p><p>when I went out + it was raining</p><p>You can say:</p><p>-I When I went out. it was raining. or</p><p>It was raining when I went out.</p><p>We write a comma (,) if When . . . is at the beginning.</p><p>_._ { When you're tired, don't drive.</p><p>T" Don't drive</p><p>when you're tired.</p><p>.-. { Heather was 25 when she got married.</p><p>T When Heather got married, she was ZS.</p><p>We do the same in sentences with beforelwhileiaften</p><p>{ Always look both ways before you cross the street.</p><p>"T Before you cross the street. always look both ways.</p><p>ye] { While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain</p><p>'“" It began to rain while I was waiting for the bus.</p><p>___] { He never played football again after he broke his leg.</p><p>'—' After he broke his leg, he never played football again.</p><p>WhenIam...i'WhenIgo....etc.</p><p>Neat week Sarah is going to New York. f |"(| be in Meejee, 1</p><p>when you're ere.She has a friend, Hannah, who lives in New York, i1</p><p>but Hannah is also going away - to Iv"ieitico.</p><p>So they won't see each other in New York.</p><p>Hannah will be in Meaico when Sarah is in New York.</p><p>The time is future (neitt week), but we say:</p><p>...when Sarah is in New York.</p><p>(not when Sarah will be)</p><p>SARAH HANNAH</p><p>We use the present (I am I I go. etc.) with afuture meaning after when:</p><p>When l get home tonight. I'm going to take a shower.</p><p>(not When I will get home)</p><p>Li I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time.</p><p>We do the same after beforelwhiieiafiieriuntil:</p><p>lj Please close the window before you go out.</p><p>(riot before you will go)</p><p>Ci Rachel is going to stay in our apartment while we are away.</p><p>(riot while we will be)</p><p>CI I'll wait here until you come back.</p><p>(not until you will come back)</p><p>if and when -P Unit 9? until -Ii Unlt ‘I02 beforeiwhileiafter -Ii Unlt ‘Ill!</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences beginning with When. Choose from the boxes.</p><p>I _€_ : _e_.|--.— hi-I-I-I</p><p>-I-wei=i-t-eei-t- | I turned off the T‘v'</p><p>I'm tired g I always go to the same place</p><p>I knocked on the door i there were no roomsWhen + . + . . .</p><p>fli"'i|-.-|"l-I='-l-.-i-I'I'-.-‘I-?-</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>1'</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>7'</p><p>3</p><p>9</p><p>ll]</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>I go on vacation</p><p>the program ended</p><p>I got to the hotel</p><p>......!eiben.I.ns.nt..eii.t...it.iaas.taI.r1Iria....-...</p><p>1| ll III I-I</p><p>-i-t-was-rai-ni-ng-</p><p>there was no answer</p><p>I like to watch TV</p><p>I-— l--I‘-"l</p><p>---..-||-.-I ll. --||I|-||--"</p><p>Complete the sentences using the following:</p><p>III</p><p>somebody broke into the house before they came here when they heard the news</p><p>ssed-the-sereee while they were away they didn t believe me</p><p>they went to live in France</p><p>—iil l-II-Ill-I'l-l P"</p><p>They looked bothways</p><p>They were very surprised</p><p>After they got married,</p><p>Their house was damaged in a storm</p><p>Where did they live</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>-gem?) here untilgp back. (I'll stay, you come ore right)</p><p>While we were asleep,</p><p>When I told them what happened.</p><p>I'm going to bed when I finish 1 I'll finish my work.</p><p>We must do something before it's { it will be too late.</p><p>Lauren is moving away soon. I'm jf I'll be very sad when she leaves ,5 shell leave</p><p>Don't go out yet. Wait until the rain .</p><p>We come ,5 We'll come and visit you when we're [ we'll be in Toronto again</p><p>When I come ,[ I'll come to see you tomorrow, I bring i I'll bring our vacation photos</p><p>I'm going to Quebec next week. I hope to see some friends of mine while I m i I ll be there</p><p>Let's go for a walk before it gets i it will get too dark</p><p>I'm not ready yet. I tell 1 I'll tell you when I'm ,{ I'll be ready.</p><p>Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.</p><p>Can you close the windowbefore</p><p>What are you going to do when</p><p>I'll wait for you while . ..</p><p>When I start my new job,</p><p>Will you be here when ..</p><p>When I have enough money.</p><p>lfwego... Ifyou see...,etc.</p><p>Should we take the ifwe take the bus. W‘? " 5'“ Fm’?</p><p>bus or a taxi? it will be cheaper. mme q“'El‘ll’-——— if we take a taxi</p><p>H</p><p>T ___---‘i</p><p>'-“- ‘l -in. i, _.</p><p>" é #1</p><p>1'-1.14‘</p><p>Ir</p><p>—l' _</p><p>rl</p><p>'1I"a§=i*?_?"."E3§-"elf 4»-?".t</p><p>__"' "_.|.._.-'-.+5'I: _.*q .-</p><p>"'\'i_ |r__- - - —_. _-_l _- H __ '____ : _-.</p><p>_ '\-,_L- I-I '-J|_":l.-L.-"_T:'|:lLf I n't-1-l~__'|i_ -Tn: _ '1.'.-.,_'</p><p>.'.'-'=- -.1 - -_= a-- -, _---~- s . -|;,--_-,L*g_-_;.- ---_-.-;=.-'|.-=_-- --—.1-'u_3-",1" ' - '-_ .- _ -- . :-.-.-e--'-.'-':--r=:.-_ 1--. -r~ 1 -</p><p>If can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle:</p><p>If at the beginning</p><p>lfwe take the bus, it will be cheaper. l</p><p>If you don't hurry, you’|l miss the train. '</p><p>l If you’re hungry, have something to eat.</p><p>I If the phone rings, can you answer it, please? 5</p><p>!_ _ _._i.i._____ .---i_____i_ ml</p><p>if in the middle</p><p>It will be cheaper if we take the bus. l</p><p>' You'll miss the train ifyou don't hurry.</p><p>|’m going to the concert ifl can get a ticket.</p><p>ls it OK ifl use your phone? J</p><p>in conversation. we often use the if—part of the sentence alone:</p><p>if "Are you going to the concert?" "Yes, ifl can get a ticket."</p><p>If you see Anno tomorrow . . . , etc.</p><p>After if, we use the present (not will). We say "if you see. . ." (not if you will seek</p><p>1:3 If you see Anna tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?</p><p>[.7 If I'm late tonight, don’t wait for me. [riot if 1 will be)</p><p>='.._.l'.' What should we do if it rains? (riot if it will rain)</p><p>[-.? lfl don't feel well tomorrow, |’ll stay home.</p><p>if and when</p><p>lfl go out = it is possible that 1 will go out, but l'm not sure:</p><p>ff? .1; Are you going out later?</p><p>a: Maybe. lfl go out, l’|| close the windows.</p><p>When I go out = I'm going out (for sure):</p><p>rill A.‘ Are you going out later?</p><p>BI Yes, I am. When i go out, I'll close the windows.</p><p>Compare when and if:</p><p>ifl when I get home tonight, l'm going to take a shower.</p><p>YT If |’m late tonight. don’t wait For me. (riot When I'm late)</p><p>-[J We’re going to play basketball if it doesn't rain. (not when it doesn’: rain)</p><p>when -I Llnitfifi ifl had I if we ‘went. ..,etc.-'1' Unit 95</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Write sentences beginning with if. Choose from the bones.</p><p>If +5 you don't want this magazine ' + E you'll get your license</p><p>U-'3I"*\-.1'U"I-‘I.-I"'l.'l'2-L.r-III"-J-—-‘I~</p><p>, we can have lunch now</p><p>you pass the driying test ! ' you can have them '</p><p>you fail the driying test , I can lend you some '</p><p>l you want those pictures ' -ye-u1l-l-le-e-l-:-.ree-</p><p>you're busy now I'll throw it away</p><p>- you're hungry we can talk later</p><p>you need money ' you can take it again 5</p><p>I_ - 1-.-</p><p>......l.f.you.-donllz.huttyr.;rou.'.Il..Iae..lato.,.-..-..-....</p><p>Ifyou pass</p><p>=.</p><p>Which is right?</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>If I'm ,{-liII-Iee- late tonight, don't wait For me. {I'm is right)</p><p>Will you call me ifl giyefl I'll giye you my phone number?</p><p>If there is ,{ will be a fire, the alarm will ring</p><p>Ill don't see you tomorrow morning, I call ,f I'll call you in the afternoon.</p><p>I'm { I'll be surprised iflohn and Rachel get if will get married.</p><p>5 Do you go ,5 Will you go to the party if they invite 5 they'll inyite you?</p><p>Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>F‘</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>I'm going to the concertif</p><p>If you don't hurry, -..-.-youf.l.l..rr.|.Ie.e.the.tla?eI.r1.............-.....-..</p><p>I don't want to disturb you</p><p>IF you go to bed early tonight,</p><p>Turn the TV off if</p><p>Rachel won't pass her driving test</p><p>If I haye time tomorrow,</p><p>We can go to the beach tomorrow if</p><p>I'll be surprised</p><p>Write if or when.</p><p>"l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>7'</p><p>E</p><p>I'm late tonight, don't wait for me.</p><p>I'm going shopping now. I come back, we can have lunch.</p><p>I'm thinking of going to see Tom. go, will you come with me?</p><p>you don't want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.</p><p>Is it UK I close the window?</p><p>john is still in high school, he finishes, he wants to go to college</p><p>Do you want to go on a picnic tomorrow the weather is good?</p><p>We're going to Me:-sico City next week. We're going to look for a hotel</p><p>we get there. I don't know what we'lldowe don't find a room.</p><p>Dan likes fast cars, but he doesn't have one. |Hhad1_._hg mafia,‘ _ __</p><p>He doesn't have enough money. - -</p><p>If he had the money, he would buy a fast car.</p><p>Usually had is post. but in this sentence had is "5</p><p>not past. Ifhe had the money = if he had the t "~ -</p><p>money now (but he doesn't have it).</p><p>.-I~""</p><p>I‘. ex</p><p>I-s~'iai:~'1.Ifr--I ugv DAN</p><p>I ---</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>---</p><p>q</p><p>_ ._ ._ --| --— . — I -- -</p><p>l</p><p>l hadilknewflived {etc.)..., I would... "</p><p>l didn't haveldidn'tlu1ow(etc.}..., , l wouldn't...If l you. ' | you. 1,were,__, g ,ctILll-Cl..-</p><p>El:letc ' - t.' icould - couldn't... -</p><p>in || I " '</p><p>You can say:</p><p>Ci If he had the money, he would buy a</p><p>car.</p><p>or He would buy a car if he had the money.</p><p>I'd I she'd I they'd, etc. = I would I’ she would I’ they would. etc :</p><p>C.I= I don't know the answer. lfl knew the answer: Iii tell you.</p><p>it _'I|| ‘Q</p><p>l'1 -</p><p>.-—-t</p><p>I</p><p>FI1</p><p>II J</p><p>- It's raining, so we re not going out. We'd get wet if we went out.</p><p>Emily lives in a city. She likes cities. She wouldn't be happy if she lived in the country.</p><p>Ifyou didn't have a job, what would you do? [but you hove a job)</p><p>iI.'.'_T.= I'm sorry I can‘t help you I'd help you if I could. (but I cori't)</p><p>C: ll‘ we had a car, we could travel more. (but we dont have a car, so we cont travel much)</p><p>If U) wufwere ' ' ' l I wouldn't go out lfl were you. b</p><p>You can say: if lfhefshelit was or</p><p>Ci lt's not a very nice place. I wouldn't go there</p><p>if I were you. {or . . . if I was you)</p><p>If It would be nice if the weather was better.</p><p>(or . . . if the weather were better) _;_ _</p><p>‘Ir What would Tom do if he were here? _ ' 7</p><p>if I ,1helshefit were</p><p>(or . . . if he was here) .</p><p>Compare:</p><p>if I have I’ if it is, etc. -</p><p>if we go .1 if I have I if I tan. etc. -Ir Unit 9?</p><p>ifl had I if it was, etc.</p><p>_ I want to go and see Helen.</p><p>If I had time. I would go today.</p><p>(= I don't have time today, so I will not go]</p><p>l: I like this jacket, but it's very expensive.</p><p>I'd buy it if it wasn't so expensive.</p><p>_ (= it is expensive, so I'm not going to buy it)</p><p>I'll help you ifl can. (= maybe I can} E IL I'd help you ifl could, but I can't.</p><p>I want to go and see Helen.</p><p>lfl have time, I will go today.</p><p>(= maybe l'll have time. so maybe I'll go}</p><p>I like that jacket.</p><p>I'll buy it if it isn't too expensive.</p><p>(= maybe it will not be too expensive) -</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences.</p><p>'|</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>ii</p><p>5</p><p>I5</p><p>7'</p><p>I don't want to go out. lfl</p><p>We don't have a key. Ifwe .</p><p>Sue enjoys her work. She wouldn't</p><p>maybe he would get a better job.</p><p>You don't try hard enough. If you ..</p><p>I have a lot to do today. lfl</p><p>8</p><p>9</p><p>Put the verb in the correct form.</p><p>1</p><p>Z</p><p>lshefnotlbej</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>‘lfl</p><p>'l'l</p><p>I'm sorry you have to go now.</p><p>lifnotfknowj</p><p>"I2</p><p>I don't know the answer. lfl .. the answer. I'd tell you.</p><p>I have a car. I couldn't travel very much ifl a car.</p><p>.. .. . .. to go out, I'd go.</p><p>.. .. . a key, we could get into the house.</p><p>I'm not hungry. I would have something to eat ifl hungry.</p><p>do it ifshe it'.</p><p>He can't speak any foreign languages. If he speak a foreign language</p><p>harder, you would have more success</p><p>so much to do. we could go out.</p><p>Ifthe money. he would buy a fast car. lhelhave)</p><p>Hannah likes living in a city. happy if she lived in the country.</p><p>If I wanted to learn Italian, toltaly. (Iilgo)</p><p>I didn't tell Helen what happened. She'd be angry if . (shelknow)</p><p>a rnap, I could show you where I live. (wefhave)</p><p>What would you do if .. .. . a lot of money? (youilwin)</p><p>It's not a very good hotel. there ifl were you. (llnotfstayl</p><p>closer to Miami, we would go there more often. (wellive)</p><p>nice lfyou had more time. (itlbe)</p><p>I'm not going to-take the job. I'd take it better. [the salary I be)</p><p>I don't know anything about cars. If my car broke down, what to do</p><p>lfyou could change one thing in the world. what ? (youfchange)</p><p>l we (have) a bigger house</p><p>we (buy) a bigger house</p><p>'-I-_</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb in the correct form:</p><p>cf "ievery day (be) the same 5</p><p>the air {be} cleaner '</p><p>we (have) some pictures on the wall I (watch) it I</p><p>t_k I (be) bored '</p><p>‘I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>T"</p><p>3</p><p>Life would be boring if . .. . ..</p><p>lfl had nothing to do, .. .. . ..</p><p>Ifwe had more money, ..</p><p>1 I'd be happier if . I..he.el..le.ee. ..</p><p>2 lfl could go anywhere in the world.</p><p>3 I wouldn't be very happy</p><p>I'd buy that jacket if--.ll5r..It~fi'lfi!.i!.lll5l?.l¢?'..lI:lTl!!lr!ll-?I‘<?l'f.......-..-.......</p><p>If there was a good movie on Tv tonight,</p><p>This room would be nicer if</p><p>If there wasn't so much trafhc,</p><p>We could invite all our friends to stay</p><p>Complete the sentences. Lise your own ideas.</p><p>5 If I saw an accident in the street.</p><p>5 The world would be a better place</p><p>irelative clauses ll</p><p>""--T...--*I"7_’\___/</p><p>.-ii’</p><p>- , . II-‘I —.-- _ - . ._r_ .. .5. . a .|</p><p>' . "I. -</p><p>‘I I I</p><p>+</p><p>loan 5P63l'£5l'J4|flI'lQlI3Qfi‘5.</p><p>a person who... a thing that/which . ..</p><p>I met a woman- She can speak six languages.</p><p>5 l |2 sentences</p><p>she —:i» who</p><p>i |—~—————— I sentence i-——i|</p><p>t I met a woman who can speak six languages.</p><p>l jack was wearing a hat. It was too big for him.</p><p>I</p><p>l——l——— 2 sentences ——i€J</p><p>_.a. I ___ - '-</p><p>it fir that or which</p><p>j 1i—-———-— ‘I sentence -i-———‘</p><p>' lack was wearing a hat that was too big for him.</p><p>~ or</p><p>JACK R</p><p>The man who called didn t give his name</p><p>'I11e people who work in the office , are very friendly</p><p>that is for things or people:</p><p>l An airplane is a machine that flies.</p><p>Emma lives in a house that is ‘IIJITI years old.</p><p>l The people that work in the office are very friendly.</p><p>You can use that for people, but who is more common.</p><p>which is for things [not people):</p><p>I I I l- . I-II '" '</p><p>An airplane is a machine which flies. {not a machine who . . .) |</p><p>l Emma lives in a house i which is I00 years old. ;</p><p>Do not use which for people:</p><p>Ci Do you remember the woman who played the piano at the party?</p><p>[not the woman which ...)</p><p>who and which in questions -I Llsiils 43. 45 the people we met {relative clauses 2} -I’ Unit Iutl</p><p>' lack was wearing a hat which was too big for him.</p><p>who is for people (not things}</p><p>A thief is a person who steals things</p><p>Do you know anybody who can play the prano? - |</p><p>l . _ . ' I</p><p>In _ _ I I __ I</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A . . . is a person who . . . . Use a dictionary</p><p>if necessary.</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>'ClZl"-JCli"'i'U'l-l'¢'-</p><p>-a-el=il-ef- a dentist l l doesn't tell the truth is sick in the hospital</p><p>a butcher a fool takes care of your teeth -steels-ehinge</p><p>a musician a genius is very intelligent does stupid things</p><p>I a patient a liar | plays a musical instrument sells meat</p><p>A butcher is aperson</p><p>A musician</p><p>lllll-lllll-Ill-lllllllllllllllll llllllllll-I</p><p>-l'l| |r| II -III I-I Ir| 'I I II II'l ll I‘ I '</p><p>.-. ._._. .. .-. .-. .-|-. --- ._._. --- .. . .. . .. . .. .r.-. .. --- --- .. . .. ._._. .-. .. .-. --- .-. .</p><p>Make one sentence from two.</p><p>1</p><p>I</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>(A man called. I-le didn't give his name.)</p><p>(A woman opened the door. She was wearing a yellow dress.)</p><p>The woman</p><p>(Some students took the test. Most of them passed]</p><p>Most of thestudents</p><p>(A police officer stopped our car. He wasn't very friendly.)</p><p>The</p><p>Write who or which.</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>I5</p><p>F’</p><p>S</p><p>9</p><p>I met a woman can speak six languages</p><p>What's the name of the man juststarted working in your office?</p><p>What's the name of the river flows through the town?</p><p>Where is the picture was hanging on the wall?</p><p>Do you know anybody wants to buy a car?</p><p>You always ask questions . are difficult to answer.</p><p>I have a friend is very good at fixing cars.</p><p>I think everybody went to the party really enjoyed it.</p><p>Why does he always wear clothes are too small for him?</p><p>Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes.</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>3'</p><p>I3</p><p>9</p><p>A thief isg things.</p><p>An airplane is a machine that flies.</p><p>A coffeemaker is a machine who makes coffee.</p><p>What happened to the money that was on the table?</p><p>I don't like people which never stop talking.</p><p>I know somebody that can help you.</p><p>I know somebody who works in that store.</p><p>Correct the sentences who are wrong.</p><p>My neighbor bought a car who cost SI-5EI.ElilD.</p><p>a yellow dress.</p><p>We say</p><p>"l Y‘ ' as ver ood. [not The movie we saw it was. . .)</p><p>_</p><p>You must use whoithatiwhich when it is the subject (-1- Unit 99):</p><p>the people we met the hotel you stayed at _</p><p>"- v.="i.'.ii.iii'-11'l_.flI'.lgl,l,E].gE_ii,',';ijj,iI‘['!i(relative clauses 2)</p><p>, . __ . _ .. . I</p><p>' The man is carr in aba . 1Y 3 g Esentences IQ It's very heavy.</p><p>|_- IIII 1 --—|I</p><p>The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy. |</p><p>- l—————— 1 sentence —-————l E</p><p>-r-| _a 1'1</p><p>| I-I-I I-r -- J. -I vi-</p><p>I</p><p>' Kate won some money.</p><p>What is she going to do with it?</p><p>l 2 sentences l</p><p>@%</p><p>What is Kate going to do with the money 1</p><p>| ‘ (that) she won? | j</p><p>l T sentence i</p><p>ions .. _- _ - -</p><p>You can say:</p><p>The bag that he is carrying. . . or 'Ihe bag he is</p><p>carrying. .. (with or without that)</p><p>="_!‘ .. . the money that she won? or . .. the money she won?</p><p>You do not need thatfwhoiwhlch when it is the object:</p><p>subject verb _ object _ __ __ _ _</p><p>The man l was carrying l a bag fir the bag (that) the man was carrying</p><p>. Kate I won l some money Z at the money (that) Kate won</p><p>You wanted - some books _ —-li the books (that) you wanted</p><p>We l met l some people --Ii the people (who) we met l</p><p>'2} Did you find the hooks you wanted? (or. . . the books that you wanted?)</p><p>The people we met were very friendly. {or The people who we met . . .)</p><p>'T_.' Everything I said was true. (or Everything that I said . . .)</p><p>_ The moviewesaww yg</p><p>Sometimes there is a preposition (toi iniat. etc.) after the verb:</p><p>I l Eve is talking to a man. —:i- Do you know the man Eve is talking to?</p><p>I We stayed at a hotel. —i- 111e hotel we stayed at was near the station.</p><p>I told you about some books. —s These are the books I told you about.</p><p>We say:</p><p>the books I told you about (not the books I told you about them)</p><p>You can say "(a place) where. . ." :</p><p>'..--' 111e hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed at . . .]</p><p>I met a woman who can speak six languages. {who is the subject)</p><p>'§_- lack was wearing a hat that was too big for hirn. (that is the subject)</p><p>a person who . . -, a thing thatlwhich .. . (relative clauses l) -Ii Unit 99</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Make one sentence from two.</p><p>1lIID.2</p><p>1lJD.3</p><p>‘I (Helen took some pictures. Have you seen them?)</p><p>--.-.Hate.yo-v.-aeen.s-he.piclru-tea-Helen-scold ...</p><p>2 (You gave me a pen- I lost it.)</p><p>I lost the</p><p>3 (Sue is wearinga jacket. I like it.)</p><p>I like the----.--- .</p><p>4 (I gave you some flowers- Where are they?)</p><p>Where are the .. ?</p><p>5 (He told us a story. I didn't believe it.)</p><p>6 {You bought some oranges. How much were they?)</p><p>Make one sentence from two-</p><p>1 [I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)</p><p>----.-T.h-e-Iaaa-I..aia.e..ca.ri:yi-no--rra.e.xeif.yi-lisaiior..........----.-</p><p>2 (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)</p><p>The . . --</p><p>3 (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.)</p><p>The shoes ..</p><p>4 (We invited some people to dinner. They didn't come.)</p><p>You ask your friend some questions. Complete the sentences.</p><p>‘I Your friend stayed at a hotel. You ask:</p><p>What's the name of ?</p><p>2 Your friend was talking to some people. You ask:</p><p>Who are the people ?</p><p>3 Your friend was looking for some keys- You ask:</p><p>Did you find the .. .. ..</p><p>4 Your friend is going to a party. You ask:</p><p>Where is the</p><p>5 Your friend was talking about a movie. You ask:</p><p>What's the name of ?</p><p>E5 Your friend is listening to some music. You ask:</p><p>What's that ?</p><p>I-' Your friend applied for a job. You ask:</p><p>Did you get . ?</p><p>Complete the questions. Use where.</p><p>‘I lohn stayed at a hotel. You ask him:</p><p>Did you like ?</p><p>2 Sue had dinner in a restaurant. You ask her:</p><p>What's the name of the restaurant ?</p><p>3 Sarah lives in a town. You ask her:</p><p>How big is the ?</p><p>-ii Mike works in a hospital. You ask him:</p><p>Where exactly is ?</p><p>III</p><p>at 8 00 on Monday in April</p><p>I-I I--l-III!</p><p>night 1 L I can t sleep at night.</p><p>“mthe end of ' I'm taking a trip at the end of October</p><p>E.-ye‘ See you on Friday</p><p>Do you work on Sundays?</p><p>_.I The concert is on November ID</p><p>_ I m leaving on Fnday night</p><p>Ii’? "—" H</p><p>W Sundayisl if Mondayls) etc</p><p>on April 25 [lune 6 etc</p><p>Monday morningi Tuesday afternoon I’ Friday night etc</p><p>Q New Year s Day, etc</p><p>You can say</p><p>I start work at B [I0 in the morning</p><p>'53“ i. The banks close at stxi</p><p>midnight etc-</p><p>- See you Friday (with or without on)</p><p>Do you work Sundays?</p><p>The concert is November 10</p><p>I m leaving Friday night</p><p>We say on the weekend I’ on weekends (always with on)</p><p>L- They like to eat out on the weekend I on weekends</p><p>tilife</p><p>figgfigfi</p><p>ll?ii?~'-‘iii’?Wile inhdiiisgyg</p><p>-' H " I Im taking a trip in Dctober</p><p>~lf"i'3?'er 'fl'p""'“"f' Eff Z Ami? was born In is-res</p><p>i 201 M1938 En: The park is beautiful in the fallthe springisummerifalliwinter - I DD Wu often ED Gut In the</p><p>the morningjafternoonievening ‘ese} ._ ___. ...- ...._ evening?</p><p>We do not use ationiin before</p><p>this (this morning i‘ this week. etc )</p><p>every (every day i’ every week. etc )</p><p>last (last August I last week. etc )</p><p>r next (next Monday i’ next week. etc)-- - _- (not on nex y)</p><p>now in five minutes</p><p>inration (places) -I Units 104-105</p><p>i-""-</p><p>I-_.l</p><p>FT?‘-_..--</p><p>i::-</p><p>in five minutesiinafewclaysiln sixweeksiintwoyearaetc</p><p>IF</p><p>What are you doing this weekend?</p><p>We go on vacation every summer Last summer</p><p>we went to Europe</p><p>I m leaving next Monday</p><p>t Monda</p><p>I-_-l Hurry‘ The train leaves in five minutes</p><p>(= it leaves five minutes from now)</p><p>W E-ye‘ III see you inafewdays.</p><p>(= a few days from now)</p><p>Exercises</p><p>1o1 1 Writeat or in.</p><p>1 Samantha was born 1998.</p><p>2 Igot up 3:00 this morning.</p><p>3 I like to get upearly the morning.</p><p>4 I like to look at the stars night.</p><p>S My brother got married May</p><p>5 We often go to the beach the summer.</p><p>2 Let's meet 2:30 tomorrow night.</p><p>8 The company started 2001]-</p><p>S‘ |’II send you the money the end of the month.</p><p>"ID The cafe is open the evening. It cIoses.........-..-..-..-..-..-midnight.</p><p>1 D1 2 Write atilunfin.</p><p>IUD"-J</p><p>1 .._......t?r1.,._.-..-June6 September 24 13</p><p>2 evening Thursday 14</p><p>-....-...-................halfpast two 9 ...-......11:=-15 15</p><p>-..-.................-.....Wednesday 10 NewYear's Eve 15</p><p>200? 11 .....-..-..-noon 1?</p><p>September 12 themorning 1BCi“-in-F1-I=~i..i.i</p><p>which sentence is correct — A, B, or both of them?</p><p>A B</p><p>Friday morning</p><p>Saturday night</p><p>night</p><p>the end of the day</p><p>the weekend</p><p>the winter</p><p>1 I'm taking a trip In October. I'm taking a trip on October.</p><p>2 Do you work Sundays? Do you work on Sundays?</p><p>3 I always feel tired at the evening. I always feel tired in the eyening</p><p>I-I I'm leaving rieirt Saturday. I'm leaving on ne:-:t Saturday</p><p>S Torn started his new lob on May 13. Tom started his new job May 15</p><p>6 Sarah finished high school in 2012. Sarah finished high school 21312</p><p>2 We meet on every Tuesday. We meet every Tuesday.</p><p>3 We don't often go out in night. We clon’t often go out at night</p><p>9 I can’t meet you Thursday. I can’t meet you on Thursday</p><p>10 Jessica saw Sam Monday night. Jessica saw Sam on Monday night</p><p>11 I'm leaving in the end of this month. I’m leaving at the end of this month</p><p>12 Tom goes to the gym on Fridays. Tom goes to the gym Fridays</p><p>Write sentences with in . . . .</p><p>1 It's 8:25 now. The train leayes at 8:313. m'""t'E5</p><p>2 It's Monday today. l’|I call you on Thursday. l’|l da s</p><p>3 Today is lune 14. My er-tam is on lune 23. My</p><p>4 It's 3:00 now. Tom will be here at 3:313. Tom</p><p>ioi s Write atronfin if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete and no word</p><p>is necessary.</p><p>1 They like to eat out .. weekends- 2 What are you doing the weekend?</p><p>2 I'm going neirt Friday. (tilreody complete) B Icall Matt every Sunday</p><p>3 I always feel tired the evening. 9 Should we play tennis neat Sunday?</p><p>4 Will you be at home .. . this evening? 11] I couldn’t go to the party last weekend</p><p>S We went to France .. last summer. 11 I'm going out. I ll be back an hour</p><p>-5 Lia was born 20-U1. 12 I don’t often go out nrght</p><p>from . .. to</p><p>iii" We lived in Japan from 2002 tci 2014.</p><p>r'- | y fro M Ci |: ‘Ci from Mend tin Friday._. wor m on ay to n ay. ii?</p><p>You can also say from .. . until . . .: Monday Friday</p><p>C} We lived in japan from 2-JD? until 2014.</p><p>until</p><p>I §'Fr'ida "S They’re leaving town tomorrow.</p><p>! I if Th ‘II be til F ‘d. : Decembar ey away un n ay.</p><p>until mu If Iwent to bed early, but l wasn’t tired. um“ Friday I</p><p>5 I came back I read a book l.lI‘l'|iIl 3:00 a.m.</p><p>'.. _i -. 7 '. Wait here until I come hack. Friday</p><p>You can also say till (= until}:</p><p>:f'_.= Wait here till I come back.</p><p>Compare.</p><p>-.”_'.: "How long will you be away?” "Until Monday.“</p><p>7:. "When are you coming back?“ “Dn Monday.“</p><p>since + a time iri the past (to now]</p><p>We use sinoe after the present perfect (have been I’ have done. etc):</p><p>Mcmdag '. J loe is in the. hospital. He has been</p><p>2012 in the hospital since Monday.</p><p>Since 2:30 (= fmm Monday [D now) I since Monday lI arrived 1 _. Sue and Dave have been</p><p>an - -- -i- lT'I31'I'lEC.l SSIICE no“;</p><p>[= from 2012 to now]</p><p>1</p><p>It has been raining since I arrived.</p><p>Compare:</p><p>=T'_. We lived in Japan from 200? to 2014.</p><p>We lived in japan until 2014.</p><p>C. Now we live in Denver. We came to Denver in 2014.</p><p>We have lived in Denver since 2014. [= from 2014 until now)</p><p>We use for {riot since) + a period of time (three days I 10 years, etc):</p><p>=.'_i Joe has been in the hospital for three days. {not since three days)</p><p>for + a period of time</p><p>FJEE da S ' "_. Gary stayed with us for</p><p>| . 10 Ears 5" three day; for three days</p><p>ft! ll 1- " ‘r five minutes " Lllijlng alway for Suritiltr Monda Tuesdri</p><p>_ m? I l’m going away for the weekend.</p><p>I-.—_—..; They've been married for 10 years.</p><p>present perfect + forrsince -I Unit; 11-15 present perfect (I have lived} and simple past (I lived} -Ii unit 19</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Al-EX MEGAN BETH</p><p>I live in japan now.</p><p>I lived in Canada</p><p>before-</p><p>I came to japan in</p><p>2013.</p><p>Read the information and complete the sentences. Use from . . . toil until r’ since.</p><p>ADAM</p><p>-I-I-'-'</p><p>I live in Australia now. I work in a hotel now. Im a journalist now.</p><p>I lived in South iiiorea I worked in a I was a teacher</p><p>before. restaurant before. before.</p><p>I came to Australia in I started work in the I started work as a</p><p>201 S. hotel in 2016. _ journalist in 2012.</p><p>1 (Alert r Canada r 2005 -i 2013) Aleslived.-..-.lI1.§fil1adfl.fr0m.ZD.Ci.5.1i<0.2l§‘.Tl.E>____,__....</p><p>2 {Ales i‘ Canada I —:i 2013} Alert lived in .-..-.......-.2013.</p><p>3 (Alert flapan I 2013 —r) Ale:-i has lived in Japan</p><p>4 [Megan I South Korea -Ii 2015) Megan lived in</p><p>S (Megan I Australia i’ 2015 -—:i} Megan has lived in</p><p>6 (Beth I a restaurant I 2014 --r 2016) Beth worked 2014</p><p>2 (Beth i'a hotel I 2016 —:i} Beth has worked ..</p><p>B (Adam ii a teacher I 2006 4 2012) Adam was a ..</p><p>9 (Adam r’ a journalist I 2012 —:i-] Adam has been</p><p>Now write sentences with fur.</p><p>10 (Ale:-: r Canada} .iiiIes.li.ve.-:=I .lri..Car1ada..for..aIght-yearn...</p><p>11 (Ales: I japan] Alert has lived in Japan ..</p><p>12 {Megan I Australia) Megan has</p><p>13 (Beth I a restaurant) Beth worked</p><p>14 [Beth i‘ a hotel] Beth</p><p>15 (Adam I a teacher] Adam ..</p><p>16 (Adam ,1’ a journalist) Adam</p><p>write untiIi‘flnoei‘for-</p><p>1 Sue and Dave have been married ......eInois.-... 2012.</p><p>2 I was tired this morning. I stayed in bed 10:00.</p><p>3 We waited forSuehalf an hour, but she didn’t come.</p><p>4 "Did you just get here?" "No. I've beenhere :F 30</p><p>S "I-iow long did you stay at the party last night?“ " midnight."</p><p>6 Dan and I are good friends- We have known eachother10 years.</p><p>? l’m tired- I'in going to lie down few minutes.</p><p>8 {in on nirplone that"; lending) Please stay in your seats the airplane reaches the gate.</p><p>‘.-) This is my house. |’ve livedhereI was seven years old.</p><p>10 Jack is out of town. He'll beawayWednesday.</p><p>11 hlekt week I'm going to Chicago three days.</p><p>12 I usually finish work at S:30, but sometimes I work 6:00.</p><p>13 "How long have you known Anna?" " we were in high school."</p><p>14 Where have you been? l've been waiting for you 20 minutes</p><p>||1|| |||| " l"n'- ' ‘ll</p><p>20</p><p>before. during. and after</p><p>-_.-'</p><p>'-‘H.</p><p>I ji-</p><p>before the movie during the movie after the movie</p><p>Everybody feels nervous before a test.</p><p>I’ ‘I-_.i We were</p><p>before. while and after</p><p>Q</p><p>1'5l\l.!l.l5- l 1</p><p>I fell asleep during the movie</p><p>tired after our visit to the museum</p><p>/iii.1- it</p><p>Mr I Ii</p><p>1 A ‘i</p><p>Ir</p><p>before we played while we were playing after we played</p><p>If Don t forget to close the window before you go out</p><p>if I often fall asleep while I ni reading,</p><p>"fl They watched T‘v' after they did the dishes</p><p>during, while and for</p><p>We use dunng + noun (during the movie} We use while + verb {while I m reading)</p><p>I: We didn t speak during the meal</p><p>bu We didn t speak while we were eating (not during we were eating)</p><p>Use for (not during) + ri period of time [fliree days ii two hours I’ a year, etc)</p><p>if We played basketball for two hours (not during two hours)</p><p>I lived in Florida for a year [not during a year}</p><p>[i You can use beforefafter + ing (before going! after eating. etc)</p><p>-1 I always have breakfast before going to work (= before I go to work)</p><p>-I: After doing the dishes they watched T‘v' (= after they did)</p><p>We say before going (not before to go] after doing {not after to do) etc</p><p>L Before eating the apple, I washed it carefully (riot before to eat)</p><p>LI I started work after reading the newspaper (not after to read)</p><p>past continuous {I was -ing} -I Units 13--14 beforefafteriwhileilwhen -I Unit 96 for -I Unit ‘I02</p><p>prepositions + -ing -I Unit 110</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes-</p><p>./‘ "1. 2" ' '—“ "i</p><p>11113.1</p><p>10</p><p>_ lunch the end they went to Meitico</p><p>after """:""g + the concert -the-test- you're waiting</p><p>before wh"E the course the night</p><p>- --’ R. _ ___-_i.e'</p><p>1 Everybody was nervous . _ .. . ..</p><p>2 I usually work four hours in the morning and another three hours</p><p>3 The movie was really boring. We left</p><p>4 Anna went to night school to learn German. She learned a lot .. .. .. ..</p><p>5 My aunt and uncle lived in ..</p><p>6 .4: Somebody broke a window .Did you hear anything?</p><p>ii: No. I was asleep all night.</p><p>2 Would you like to sit down _. .. ?</p><p>8 .4: Are you going home ....... ..</p><p>a: ‘res. I have to get up early tomorrow.</p><p>Write duringrwhileffor.</p><p>1 We didn't speak --....w.hi.le..-..- we were eating.</p><p>2 We didn't speak ......i:;l.I.ii':ltIig.-.... the meal.</p><p>3 josh called .. .. you were out-</p><p>4 Laureri went to Italy and stayed in Romefive days.</p><p>5 I didn't check my email I was away.</p><p>6 The students looked very bored .. the class-</p><p>?-‘ I fell out of bed .. I was asleep.</p><p>B Last night I watched TM three hours.</p><p>9 I don't usually watch T‘v' the day.</p><p>Do you ever watch T‘v' . you are having dinner?</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing. having. etc.).</p><p>1 After ......r»l.oI.rie. .. the dishes, they watched TM.</p><p>2 I felt sick after too much chocolate-</p><p>3 I'm going to ask you a question. Think carefully before it.</p><p>4 I felt awful when I got up this morning. I felt betterafter a shower.</p><p>5 Aftermy work. I left the office and went home.</p><p>6 Before to a foreign country, it's good to try and learn a little of the language.</p><p>Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing,</p><p>1 They did the dishes. Then they watched TV-</p><p>After _. . _ . ..</p><p>2 john finished high school. Then he worked in a bookstore for two years.</p><p>lohn</p><p>3 I read for a few minutes. Then I went to sleep.</p><p>Before</p><p>4 We walked for three hours. We were very tired.</p><p>After</p><p>S Let's have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out.</p><p>Let's . ..</p><p>D7</p><p>E</p><p>C-1 “Where's David?“ "ln the kitchen. I In the garden. I In Seoul.“</p><p>I] What's iri that box I‘ in that bag! in that closet?</p><p>[-1 Rachel works in a store i‘ in a bank ii in a factory.</p><p>-Ilji I went for a swim in the river I in the pool if in the ocean.</p><p>[-1 Milan is in the north of Italy. Naples is in the south.</p><p>Ci I live in a big city, but I'd like to live in the country.</p><p>'llllli-¢</p><p>in a store in a garden</p><p>HT‘ in a room I in a town</p><p>in a car in a park</p><p>in the water in Brazil</p><p>at the bus stop at the door at the traffic light at her desk</p><p>'T_'_'j.: There's somebody at the bus stop I‘ at the door. at the top (of the page}</p><p>:_‘:_:- The car is waiting at the tralfic light</p><p>if] Anna is working at her desir-</p><p>at the top I at the bottom I’ at the end (of. . . 1:</p><p>1:; Write your name at the top of the page.</p><p>ifji My house is at the end of the street at the ggmgm (me the page]</p><p>on a horse i’ on a bike I on a motorcycle: _ _ _ _</p><p>Ci Who is that man on the motorcycle? ' ' "</p><p>fa on a shelf</p><p>_ on a plate</p><p>" on a balcony</p><p>E on the floor, etc.</p><p>Ci ‘I1-iere are some books on the shelfand some pictures on the wall.</p><p>I'-'_'I There are a lot of apples on those trees.</p><p>-;'_'i Don't sit on the grass. It's wet. E-<l—strimp</p><p>'.:I- There is a stamp on the envelope- IIHT</p><p>M+.'-.“:</p><p>=,=i.—--—</p><p>Z?-—-_:'-5</p><p>1</p><p>=i%--7:1-=</p><p>M</p><p>=</p><p>on a wall</p><p>on the ceiling</p><p>on a door, etc.</p><p>envelope</p><p>the top I the bottom -I Unit 68 ationrin (time) -I Unit ‘I01 lnilation [places 2) -ll Unit 105</p><p>Exercises</p><p>104 1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions Use infatfon</p><p>ll (the kitchen) ll.</p><p>1"“:</p><p>P e bus stop) TE] (the field) I_' (the balcony) TElfi-3'</p><p>f{-E‘</p><p>up-l—{the window)</p><p>I-I-IIIIII-I</p><p>-'- I1l</p><p>W -</p><p>"' B " (the ta; f-fthewall)</p><p>‘lg</p><p>MIii (the box) its )</p><p>5 (the pool)</p><p>rrgj‘iv_'t-i.-F</p><p>Ii</p><p>._%""' ~ .- ~'"</p><p>‘ l_._ .r_* 1'</p><p>lfr -I-</p><p>‘ ; -1’ ...,-.1___ '1“-___ 1-.-t-nil:</p><p>it ‘P; h</p><p>I-Fl‘!</p><p>-2I"er_. (the ceiling) LI (the table) — H {the table}</p><p>siaviisit</p><p>are ’__,,,</p><p>Where is he? ...--ii].l3:iI§..l!ill5riiii]:'='iiT1.i....</p><p>Where are the shoes? .. . .. ..</p><p>Where is the pen? . .</p><p>Where is the clock?.. . ..</p><p>Where is the bus? . .</p><p>Where are the horses? ..</p><p>Write iniatfon.</p><p>Don't sit ......'2!'I ... the grass. It's wet</p><p>What do you have .. . your bag?</p><p>Where are they standing?</p><p>Where I5 she swimming?</p><p>Where is he standing?</p><p>Where is the spider?</p><p>Where is he sitting?</p><p>Where is she sitting?</p><p>Look! 111ere's a man the roof Whats he doing?</p><p>There are a lot of fish this river</p><p>Clur house is number 4S — the number is the door</p><p>“ls the hospital near here?" "Yes turn left the traffic light</p><p>I have a small vegetable garden -. the backyard</p><p>My sister lives Prague.</p><p>There's a small park the top of the hill</p><p>I think I heard the doorbell. Theres somebody the door</p><p>Munich is a large city thesouth of Germany</p><p>There's a gas station the end of the block</p><p>It's difficult to carry a lot of things a bike</p><p>I looked at the list of names. My name was the bottom</p><p>There is a mirror the wall the living room</p><p>A in</p><p>in had CF "Where's Kate?" “She's in bed."</p><p>in the hospital ill David's father is sick. He's in the hospital-</p><p>r in the sky 5: I like to look at the stars in the sky at night</p><p>f in the world ET What's the largest city in the world?</p><p>in a newspaper I in a book '15 I read about the accident in the newspaper.</p><p>in a photofgraphj I in a picture Ci You look sad in this picture.</p><p>in a car I in a tairi , Ii-I" Did you come here in your car?</p><p>in the middle (of. . . ) 1:? Thereb a big tree in the middle of the yard.</p><p>B at</p><p>', si; work I at school 5 'T_'i' "Where's Kate?" "She's at work.“</p><p>at the train station I at the airport CI Do you want me to meet you at the train station?</p><p>at the post office I at the supermarket 5 C3 I saw your brother at the post office today.</p><p>at Jen's (house) I at my sister's (house), etc. Ci “Where were you yesterday?" “At my sister's."</p><p>_ at the doctor's I at the hairdressers, etc- CI I saw Tom at the doctor's-</p><p>at a concert I at a party I at a football l Cl There weren't many people at the party.</p><p>I game. etc.</p><p>Often_it is possible to use at or in for buildings (hotels. restau rants, etc-):</p><p>I-_i We stayed at a nice hotel. or We stayed in a nice hotel.</p><p>You can say at school or in school. but there is a difference.</p><p>She's _at school = she's there now:</p><p>"Where's your sister? is she home?" “No. she's at school.“</p><p>She's in school = she's a student [in high school. in oollege. In medical school, etc):</p><p>Ci "Does your sister have a job?” "No, she's still in school I in college."</p><p>D on</p><p>6</p><p>firstm E</p><p>‘I-...?1.2-rrI o</p><p>on a bus on the second floor on the way from A to El</p><p>i on a bus I on a train Ion a plane Ion a ship l il_.'-' Did you come here on the bus?</p><p>on the first floor (or ground floor), on the If-'-' The office is on the second floor.</p><p>second floor. etc. ; CI I met Anna on the way to work I on the</p><p>on the way (to . . .) I on the way home i way home.</p><p>We say that a place is “oi-i a street" or that somebody "lives on a street”:</p><p>Ci My brother lives on a nice street</p><p>lnftlitilon {planes 1} -Ii Unit ‘I04 toIT|nIat -"Ii Unit 105 [at] home -I’ Unit 11$ on the leftfriglit -I Unit ‘III?</p><p>Exercises</p><p>@ Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use il'IIitIflI‘l-</p><p>'_ {the hospital) 5'.-'=‘_ {the airport)</p><p>_=|__I _l-__i__</p><p>ii</p><p>5 ___ __ _ _| 1. .--_--</p><p>(bed) I nu _ fa ship) _ —-</p><p>Ftj</p><p>Tr</p><p>I11</p><p>?‘_b —i||-—-</p><p>—— —-‘</p><p>_ _ _ ——-—!-</p><p>“1-I-I-|. l —_,.</p><p>';- (the sky) 5 .6 (a party) S; (thedoctors) _ (the second floor)</p><p>._ . ._ F- b‘</p><p>"c</p><p>- __-.__-_- ‘Ii-l|I-ll -|—-I——--I-r - I '-'-F</p><p>(work) (a plane) n (a tairi) ' _. (a wedding)</p><p>CT‘-.I.I"I.I:--.i.i.ir~.i-I</p><p>Where is she?</p><p>Where are they? .</p><p>Where is he?</p><p>Where are they? . ..</p><p>Where are the stars?</p><p>Where are they? . .. ..</p><p>Write infatIon.</p><p>2 Where is Andy?</p><p>S Where is the restaurant?</p><p>9 Where is she?</p><p>10 Where are they?</p><p>11 Where are they?</p><p>12 Where are they?</p><p>1 “Where's your sister? ls she home?" "No. she's.. .r??§...... school."</p><p>2 There was a big table . the middle of the room.</p><p>3 What is the longest river ............. .. the world?</p><p>4 Were there many people .. . .. .. the concert last night?</p><p>S 11‘iere's a new restaurant .. .. Main Street.</p><p>6 Who is the man .. ....... .. this picture? Do you know him?</p><p>2 “ls your son going to get married soon?" "No. he's still . coIIege"</p><p>8 Dan is coming by bus. I'm going to meet him the station.</p><p>9 John is .. the hospital. He had an operation yesterday.</p><p>10 How many pages are there .. .. this book?</p><p>11 "Are you hungry after your trip?" "‘r’es. there was nothing to eat ....... .. the plane</p><p>12 I'm sorry I'm late. My car broke down .. .. the way here.</p><p>13 "Is Torn here?" "l‘~Io, he's . his friend's house."</p><p>14 Don't believe everything you read ............ .. the newspaper!</p><p>15 I walked to work. but I came home the bus.</p><p>16 .4: (on the phone) Can Ispeak to Anna. please?</p><p>s: No. sorry. She'll be ......... .. the university until 5:00 today.</p><p>A I</p><p>I10</p><p>goIcomeIreturnIwalk. (etc-) to . . .: beIstayIdo something. (etc-) in . . .1</p><p>_=s- i ~=" ...-r--. .</p><p>New ‘fork City</p><p>'Ir"I-</p><p>1,‘ .--</p><p>inIat (<1 Units 104-105)</p><p>.5r\</p><p>JL.-</p><p>ew "I'bl'lt City. ggggsee-"I .,r~\j:..</p><p>We're going to New ‘fork on Sunday. i lg The Statue of Liberty is in New ‘fork</p><p>"L.-3 I want to go to Meirico next year. 7 ‘la-' My brother lives in Meitico.</p><p>We walked from my house to the mall.</p><p>I--I-3 What time do you go to bed?</p><p>"-.1FF</p><p>Ili</p><p>1.‘fli-</p><p>_ _ - —-- .-.-_-.1-“ -. -_a_i_.: r--|-—-|-|-|i—- -nil in-Ii-yr -|. 1</p><p>- ' '__|,- ‘-1 'i.r'r-I-I'I‘Il""-‘II-" _ '_.|</p><p>_ 1 ._. I . . 1 ‘I -ll A-L. . ., 1:- - - ' .|_ _ I _.n-Maj _'_F-' - -_ .-</p><p>r-II— -1, _- - - - - I-_,. .-I. . "-</p><p>___</p><p>|. .l' 1</p><p>it-3 The bus is going to the airport</p><p>i.'_i Iiaren didn't go to work yesterday.</p><p>C' I went to a party last night.</p><p>‘:3 We'd like you to come to our house-</p><p>home</p><p>li-"? The best stores are in tiie mall.</p><p>L1‘ I like to read in bed.</p><p>beIstayIdo something etc. at . . .:</p><p>Q</p><p>_-I</p><p>Z _|__</p><p>-i- ___</p><p>’-_-_-' The bus is at the airport</p><p>?-:' Sarah wasn't at work yesterday.</p><p>=-.-? I met a lot of people at the party.</p><p>III Helen stayed at her brother's house.</p><p>goIcomeIwalI<, (etc-) home [without to): beIstay (at) home (with or without at):</p><p>‘-:-- I'm tired. I'm going home. i_-‘ I'm staying home tonight. or</p><p>(not to home) | I'm staying at home tonight.</p><p>"-' Did "r"-1?‘-I wall‘ h9""*‘~'? U do something (work. watch TV. etc.) at home</p><p>arrive and get</p><p>'_-'? Dan doesn't work in an office.</p><p>He works at home.</p><p>arrive in a country or town (arrive in Meiticoi arrive in Tokyo. etc-):</p><p>‘L3 They arrived in this country last week. (not arrived to this country)</p><p>arrivgat other places (arrive at the station I arrive at work. etc-):</p><p>I-_3‘ What time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the hotel)</p><p>get Iaplace):</p><p>'2' What time did you get to the hotel?</p><p>‘---?’ What time did you get to Tokyo?</p><p>get home I arrive home (no preposition):</p><p>I:-' I was tired when I got home. or I was tired when I arrived home.</p><p>been to -I Unit ‘IE get (to --. 1 -Ii Unit 54 inIat -Ii Units 104-105</p><p>irLanguage.com</p><p>Writeto oriri.</p><p>1 I like reading bed.</p><p>2 We're going Italy ne:-it month-</p><p>3 Sue is on vacation Meaico right now.</p><p>4 I have togo the hospital tomorrow.</p><p>5 I was tired. so I stayed bed.</p><p>6 What time do you usuallygobed?</p><p>2 Does this bus go . .. the airport?</p><p>3 Would you like to live . .. .. .. another country?</p><p>Write to or at if necessary. Cine sentence is already complete, and no word is necessary.</p><p>1 Cliivia didn't go workyesterday.</p><p>2 I'm tired. I'm going home. foireody complete)</p><p>3 Tina is sick. She went the doctor.</p><p>4 Would you like to come a party on Saturday?</p><p>S "ls home?" "No. she went...._............ work."</p><p>6 There were 20.000 people .. the football game.</p><p>? Why did you go .. home early last night?</p><p>0 A boy jumped into the river and swam .. the other side.</p><p>9 There were a lot of people waiting the bus stop.</p><p>Study the word order:</p><p>isiare + subject + -ing</p><p>' ls r he working today? 5</p><p>i ls . Ben working today? (not ls working Ben today?) 5</p><p>Where are they . going?</p><p>Where are those people going? (not Where are going those peopie?)</p><p>Short nnswers</p><p>I am. I'm ' —— =</p><p>-.-T..--___ i.</p><p>he l"'E"5 she isn't.</p><p>_ she is. she's _ it</p><p>Yes, '7 it No, 5 it's not. or - No. ' '</p><p>(M--_-...--- 1' WE</p><p>we were i = ygu am"-'t_ j</p><p>you 1 are. 5 you're I they ‘_</p><p>they they're -- '</p><p>;'-1 I:Are you leaving now?“ “Yes, I am."</p><p>ls Ben working today?” "res, he is.“</p><p>=.__i “ls it raining?" “No, it isn't."</p><p>Ci "Are your friends staying at a hotel?" "Ho, they aren't. They're staying with me."</p><p>i</p><p>I</p><p>I am doing-Ii Unit 3 Whatareyoudoingtiomorrow?-I Unit 24 questions-I Units 42-45</p><p>Exercises</p><p>irli (you i watch i it?)</p><p>eri:e.xiai .irirrri.ix=..ti.irir,ii.-ii?-ii?</p><p>(you i" enjoyi the movie?)</p><p>‘res its really funny</p><p>No. you can turn it olf-</p><p>Look at the pictures and write the questions.</p><p>I.</p><p>' I (you ,i' leave I‘ now?).........</p><p>‘res. see you tomorrow.</p><p>" (that clock i work?)</p><p>Ho. it's broken</p><p>_.'</p><p>IL cry eat go laugh</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use:</p><p>F "‘-.look at -read-Jj</p><p>(it I rain?)</p><p>-l-</p><p>in-r</p><p>iir</p><p>.|Ll</p><p>No. not rght now.</p><p>(you r‘ wait i for a bus?)</p><p>Ho. for a taxi.</p><p>""i'd-_'ii -- '--= What .....-rite xnu.-..-.</p><p>_i ..-..-treading.-....-.. r</p><p>f‘ I.</p><p>ii‘-@</p><p>*l_ . _.-' I</p><p>.~'-‘H1</p><p>-l. _ -l</p><p>-' -_‘-</p><p>‘\-</p><p>."‘-.x</p><p>_..: ._|._c .r</p><p>'T_'{.1</p><p>III ‘I-</p><p>--5-"</p><p>Ei . it. .-</p><p>Where she ii What '</p><p>-—_@1-</p><p>“l--'~ai_K,</p><p>i f</p><p>.-._._E.____' _ _</p><p>I ""</p><p>—--=:_,-7"i-_- _ _'-—I</p><p>"'-</p><p>7/“</p><p>4 (where I your friends i are 1' going)</p><p>S (are I watching i your parents .I' Ty‘)</p><p>'lIlI"‘-|U""i .-—-.-—-.</p><p>5</p><p>is</p><p>(what ilessica i is i cooking)</p><p>hy I you .r' are I looking I at me)</p><p>I coming I the bus) -| --- -- | -- I'll I‘ | II | II I'll | -i |-| I-II</p><p>m Write short answers (Yes, I am. I Ho. he isn't... etc..).</p><p>1 Are you watching T‘v'? 4 ls it raining?</p><p>Q Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order.</p><p>1 (is iworking I -Ben if today)</p><p>2 (what I the children i are r’ doing)</p><p>3 (you I are I listening i to me)</p><p>2 Are you wearing a watch? 5 Are you sitting on the floor?</p><p>3 Are you eating something? 5 Are you feeling all right?</p><p>-ii iliidditional exercise 3 lirnee ass}</p><p>-~.I-+-.i--..|--.i--.,i-i-.i"-J--.i</p><p>is road a lot Qwwfifiicwffifl</p><p>E‘-lag</p><p>I""""_</p><p>They have a lot of books</p><p>They read a Iot</p><p>They read I he likes I l work, etc. = the simple present</p><p>I like ice or-eam</p><p>He's eating an ice cream cone.</p><p>He likes ice cream.</p><p>i-—I—I i iii all -1 |</p><p>lfwefyoufthey read i e work ve watch do have</p><p>1-| — —1l 1-in</p><p>hershelit reads il-tes works nres watches does has</p><p>Remember-</p><p>he works I she lives I it rains etc</p><p>I: lwork in an oflfice My brother works in a hank {not My brother work)</p><p>I" Emily lives in Houston Her parents live in Chicago</p><p>U It rains a lot in the winter</p><p>I have —> helshefit has</p><p>CI john has lunch at home every day</p><p>For spelling, see Appendix 5</p><p>es after -sf sh I -ch pass -e passes finrsh —:i- finishes watch -Zr watches</p><p>y -—i- ies study —2i~ studies try —:i- tries</p><p>olso do -1 does go —:i goes</p><p>We use the simple present for things that are true in general or for things that happen sometimes or all</p><p>the time-</p><p>F" I like big cities</p><p>T Your English is good You speak very well</p><p>_, Tom works very hard He starts at 7' 30 and finishes at 8130 at night.</p><p>Q The earth goes around the sun</p><p>Z We do a lot ofclifferent things in our Free time</p><p>Q It costs a lot of money to build a hospital</p><p>alwaysineverfoftenfusuallyisometrmes + simple present</p><p>Q Sue always gets to work early (not Sue gets always)</p><p>TL I never eat breakfast (not I eat never)</p><p>T We often sleep late on weekends</p><p>T i‘v'iar|< usually plays tennis on Sundays.</p><p>_ I sometimes walk to work, but not very often</p><p>I don t (negative) -I Uiieitfi Do you i’ [questions] -P Unit 7 I am doing and I do -I Unitfl</p><p>always,i'usuallyroften etc (word order} -I Unit 91</p><p>Exercises solar ol-.-j gs»</p><p>Write these verbs with —s or —-es.</p><p>1 (read) she 3 (Fly) it (have) she.......-...</p><p>lJ"\'rJ"‘l2 (think) he 4 {dance} he .. . (finish)</p><p>Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use:</p><p>(eat go live -pl-ay- play sleep</p><p>er-. * '— * -s —i— —</p><p>If l_i r _ W5 lgiyg §ElIilEil</p><p>My pigflg I:-lUl"' l"IiL'ZII..I 56 I"l’Ii3"v"lB5. Aug ll 7-</p><p>-1 Z</p><p>Tennis I5 my</p><p>Favorite s-port.</p><p>1 piano. 4 tennis.</p><p>2 They .....................inavery big house- '5 to the movies a lot.</p><p>3 lot offruit. 6 seven hoursa night.</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use:</p><p>(boil close cost cost like like meet open —s-p-eal-t- teach wash)</p><p>1 Maria .-..-.epe.aIsa... .. four languages.</p><p>2 Banks usually .. at 9:00 in the morning.</p><p>3 The art museum . .. at 5:00 in the afternoon.</p><p>4 Iessica is a teacher. She .. . math to young children-</p><p>5 Myjob isveryinteresting. ................aIot ofpeople-</p><p>5 Ivlike's car is always dirty. He never it.</p><p>II’ Food is expensive. It a lot of money.</p><p>S Shoes are expensive. a lot of money.</p><p>E1 Water...... .._ .. at 100 degrees Celsius.</p><p>10 Iulia and I are good Friends. I .. her. and she.-. _. .. me.</p><p>Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives, etc.)-.</p><p>1 (always I early I Sue I arrive) .....$sie.aIwaye.acn.vee..aa.tI:y.. .. . .</p><p>2 (to the moviesI neverI I I go)</p><p>3 (work I Hannah I hard I always)</p><p>4 (like I chocolate I children I usually)</p><p>5 (Iulia I parties I enjoy I always)</p><p>ti (often I people's namesIIII’orget)</p><p>T (TVI Hick I watch I never] ..</p><p>B (usually I dinner I we I have I at 6:30) . ..</p><p>9 (IennIaiways I nice clothesIwear]i</p><p>6 Write sentences about yourself. Use alwaysIneirerIoftenIusuallyIsometimes.</p><p>1 (watch T*v' in the evening) . .</p><p>2 (read in bed) I ............... .</p><p>3 {get up before E00} ..</p><p>4 [go to worl-<Iscl"iool by bus)</p><p>5 (drink coffee in the morning]</p><p>I .</p><p>| e s s i.vsvvi'.lI'L3flgflflg=E_CCrITl</p><p>l The simple present negative is don’tIdoesn’t + verb:</p><p>Ho.tI1anke.l T1 I ._. I</p><p>don'tdrInlt coffee. L-i._-.__. l-'.._.__ .. -=- 15-‘.</p><p>" ."‘ l. 3 1. : 1'</p><p>I " I-1.; iii .=i" -..::i.=.-T-. t'*=_-'-I1.~..I" "</p><p>, - '--.'::l‘-i.i=- fiqhi-"_ """""-'</p><p>.-i=‘"-' _ __</p><p>J . I: .1"</p><p>l Idon'1: like rriyjob</p><p>__-_ - : 1-ii-r; _</p><p>"IL</p><p>-F _fi'.':-‘I]??? _</p><p>.|" "%'II~i.-.-:_.L-.'i'|, -|-£_-- J-I I’: -‘I |. _'_"_.F I. I</p><p>_ -|:_'-T 'lI_l:.\H:' '_ -'_'I—|__ - J | 1'1’-:-.;.'__--I rl :</p><p>' — -. __'_. .—-—_,___""",,_, -. _'- - 1---_ :._1.'*t-:_!'_-' s p-'. _ ____ ..|: . _ ___.,_l</p><p>She doesn't drink coffee. He doesn’t like his job.</p><p>Aflirrnetive NegativeFwurk I</p><p>l</p><p>we I like i we i don't I -</p><p>' you do _ you (do not) i work 5</p><p>lIl'lE’y I have ' like |</p><p>do I</p><p>i-HiI-' I'll"-ii</p><p>ili rq l -fl</p><p>worlts- i .</p><p>l'lE l"IE | , h Ishe likes _ , doesnt I IVE -</p><p>does sh: [does not) l-it. I</p><p>-T: i drink coffee, but I don’t drink tea.</p><p>ii:--’ Sue drinks tea. but she do-esi1't drink coffee.</p><p>I1 You don't work very hard.</p><p>‘I:-= We don't watch TV very often.</p><p>-“I; The weather is usually nice. Ii: doesn't rain very often.</p><p>5-.) Matt and Nicole don't lmoriir many people</p><p>Rememlzi-er-</p><p>lIweIyouIthey don't... ldori't like football.</p><p>heisheiit i:loesn"t... "1; Hedoesrrt like football.</p><p>=I'.T.-' I don’: like josh, and Josh doesn't like me. (not josh don't like)</p><p>=-I My car doesn't use much gas. [not My car don't use)</p><p>-:1 Sometimes he is late. but it doesn't happen very often.</p><p>We use don'l:Ido-esn't + lrtrseforrri (clon’t like I doesn't speak I tloesn’t do. etc):</p><p>I1 I don‘: like to was-h the car. Idon"tdo it very often.</p><p>Sarah speaks Spanish, but she doesn't speak Italian. (not doesn't speaks)</p><p>="._..i Bill doesn't do his job very well. {riot Bill doesn't his job)</p><p>-I Maria doesn't usually have breakfast (not doesn’t . . . has)</p><p>l dofworldlllte. etc {simple present} -F Unit 5 Do you . . . ? {simple present questions) -I Unit T</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Q Write the negative.</p><p>irLariguage.con1</p><p>1 I piay the piano very well. ........l..aaaTs.rrIaa..the..p.i.a.n.e.irer;v.r:-ialI.. .. .. .</p><p>2 Anna plays the piano very well. Anna . .. ..</p><p>3 They know my phone number. They</p><p>4 We work very hard.</p><p>5 Mike has a car. ....... ..</p><p>6 You do the same thing every day. ..</p><p>Q Study the information and write sentences with like.</p><p>_</p><p>10 We had dinner a restaurant and then we went back the hotel.</p><p>Write to, at. or in if necessary.</p><p>1 Joe is coming tomorrow I'm meeting him the airport.</p><p>2 We're going a concert tomorrow night.</p><p>3 I went Chile last year.</p><p>4 How long did you stay Chile?</p><p>S Heat year we hope to go .-..-..-..-..-.-...lapan to visit some friends.</p><p>6 Do you want to go the movies tonight?</p><p>2 Did you park your car the station?</p><p>0 After the accident, three people were taken the hospital-</p><p>9 How often do you go thedentist?</p><p>10 "is Sarah here?" "No, she's Emma's."</p><p>11 My house is the end of the block on the left.</p><p>12 I went Maria's house, but she wasn't home.</p><p>13 There were no tairis, so we had to walk home.</p><p>14 "Who did you meet the party?“ "I didn't go the party."</p><p>@ Write to, at, or in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete, and no word is</p><p>I'IECE553I"}r‘.</p><p>1 What time do you usuallyget work? 4 When did you arrive Dallas?</p><p>2 What time do you usually get home? S What time does the plane get . Paris?</p><p>3 What time did you arrive the party? 6 We arrived home very late.</p><p>Complete these sentences about yourself. Use toIinIat.</p><p>1 At 3:00 this morning I was _.</p><p>2 Yesterday Iwent</p><p>3 At 11:00 yesterday morning I was</p><p>4 Cine day I'd like togo</p><p>5 I don't like going . ..</p><p>6 At 9:00 last night I was</p><p>I</p><p>next to, between, under, etc-</p><p>next to I between I in front of?‘ behind</p><p>ERIC hm BEN</p><p>ASHLE</p><p>,/..</p><p>I1?-_§'r@</p><p>I</p><p>l--."'</p><p>e. j ../</p><p>‘\</p><p>across from I in front of</p><p>i</p><p>I</p><p>I</p><p>BRANDON</p><p>by (= neirt to)</p><p>by the window</p><p>unde ll‘</p><p>-F.i;3'</p><p>W</p><p>' i</p><p>l</p><p>Ashley is neirt to Ben.</p><p>I?-en is between Ashley and Cathy.</p><p>Dan is in front of Elen-</p><p>Eric is behind Elen-</p><p>olso</p><p>Ashley is on the left.</p><p>Cathy is on the right.</p><p>Ben is in the middle [of the group).</p><p>1</p><p>i</p><p>c It . . . .g '5 Anna is sitting in I1-ont of Brandon.</p><p>ri Anna is sitting across from Ch ris-</p><p>Chris is sitting across from Anna.</p><p>I fl¥ hi 1'!-I ' Ii</p><p>Q</p><p>-i. _ _</p><p>1. .</p><p>hr "1-|</p><p>I— -</p><p>._ .- Who is that man standing by the window?</p><p>3 ' Ciur house is by the ocean.</p><p>__ ft‘ E {= neirt to the ocean)</p><p>If you feel cold why don't you sit by the fire?</p><p>I“</p><p>The cat is under the table-</p><p>ii The girl is standing under a tree.</p><p>-' I'm wearing a jacket under my coat.</p><p>under the table under a tree</p><p>above and below</p><p>fl</p><p>B</p><p>A is above the line.</p><p>(= higher than the line)</p><p>B is below the line.</p><p>(= lower than the line)</p><p>El The pictures are</p><p>above the shelves.</p><p>The shelves are</p><p>below the pictures.</p><p>u|iIoverIthrough. etc. -I Unit ‘I08 by -Ii Unit 109</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences.</p><p>RBARA coiviv -</p><p>D'su'r-oeu-Ir-.:i-ii</p><p>5'!-ll.</p><p>If</p><p>|- .i</p><p>DI?</p><p>lfifiJ‘dUWLH-hUJbJ~A</p><p>Connor is standing Fred.</p><p>Fred issittingEmily.</p><p>Emily is sitting - Barbara.</p><p>ALAN an</p><p>Donna is sitting Emily.</p><p>Fred is sitting Connor.</p><p>Alan is standlng .............................................. .- Donna.</p><p>Alan is standing left.</p><p>Barbara is standing middle.DDNNA EMILY FRED</p><p>Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.</p><p>.__ P - _ __ . . I -</p><p>-|_. .a—\.</p><p>._-_ _ P _. . I -_L</p><p>ii I</p><p>. I3 g</p><p>EDP ,?e1w</p><p>rr-Jj .</p><p>J-I?</p><p>.1</p><p>. .—I . |-r</p><p>-I-_ F J"?</p><p>|_-___“</p><p>J-" a?</p><p>I-—'I'I'1'</p><p>jl_JI'I</p><p>_</p><p>1 i-i..=-1-II-TJ'l'i_¢</p><p>I55!“ II=- III-</p><p>li- I1-.| FIG-I-II</p><p>I-il-ire</p><p>..-___---. -</p><p>‘.-</p><p>I</p><p>_</p><p>AHI'rIA_ _ ___ rrrnn</p><p>The cat is the table. 2 The calendar is the clock</p><p>There is a big tree the house. 3 Tilt iifllf-iillti i5 this sink</p><p>The ‘plane is flying the clouds, 9 There are some shoes the bed-</p><p>She is standing the pigng ll] Tl'IE plilflli l5 IIl'IE |;'.Il3.I'1t.'i.</p><p>The movie theater is - the right. ll RIIEII1 I5 sitting Anne.</p><p>She's standing the fridge. ‘I2 In Japan people drive ........................................ the left.</p><p>Write sentences about the picture.</p><p>Tia-it's iiirriiis rvrrirsii 1 {next rd)</p><p>5i_ip5g,v|,ri,ggET 2 [in l'I'0I"iI; of) The in front 0f</p><p>' I | I 1 I ' 3 [across from)</p><p>l I I E H</p><p>{neat to)</p><p>_ S (above)...--......</p><p>r' 6 (between).-......</p><p>JAIN‘ti.-_',.</p><p>| |-| --- --- -- |-- |-| |r||-|-I-|-1| --- ---</p><p>Emily is sitting Donna and Fred.</p><p>. _ _ _ _.__ . _ ___ HI‘. |-|-|||||-|--||-|||||I|jr|J|lill.|||.|.lrlllllll-llllll .-.--.-..-.....-.-..-..-....</p><p>2</p><p>UP: Over: thrfiugh» etc- www.irLat1guage.ootn</p><p>|___’__ +</p><p>fil-</p><p>I Sarah I5 going to France neat week</p><p>tn ~._, We walked from the hotel to the station.</p><p>if II A lot of English words corne from Latin.</p><p>11'} We jumped into the water.</p><p>ii] A man came out of the house and got</p><p>into a car.</p><p>-" -1:3 l took the old batteries out of the radio.</p><p>in</p><p>n 1- _, I ,, I</p><p>I I‘ I lInt" ll") We say put something ll'I {not usually into) out of</p><p>U I put new batteries in the radio.</p><p>CI Don't put your feet on the table.</p><p>. Please take your feet off _the table.</p><p>l’m going to hang some pictures on the wall.</p><p>Cl Be careful! Don't fall off your bike!</p><p>Cl We got on the bus downtown.</p><p>CI We walltedu the hill to the house down lp .</p><p>1 Be careful! Don‘t an down the stairs</p><p>flog; The plane flew over the mountains ,,.,___</p><p>. . ;‘°-‘.5?-"-,1’._-pA E l Jumped over the wall into the yard. .</p><p>O Some people say it is unlucky to walk ...-||- def</p><p>" under a ladder. u“</p><p>-“:1? The old highway goes through the town.</p><p>El The new road goes around the town.</p><p>ifjl The bus stop is just around the corner.</p><p>I walked around the town and took</p><p>some pictures</p><p>film‘-‘Eh El A bird flew into the room through “mum!</p><p>a window. © \</p><p>around the town</p><p>_:_€</p><p>along K] l was walking along the road with my dog.</p><p>ij_ 1'1 Let's go for a walk along the river.</p><p>CI The dog swam across the rivet across</p><p>Cl They walked past rne without speaking. hoepital</p><p>as E:-tcuse me, how do l get to the hospital? moms theater</p><p>B: Clo along this street, past the rnovie fi A“!</p><p>/' theater. under the bridge, and the —-—-—/' i“</p><p>P351 hospital is on the iefr. bllddfi</p><p>I get infon -I Uniti-Ii infon -Ir Units IIH--IE5 to -I Unit ‘I06 fall ofi! run away. etc. -Ir Unit 111</p><p>Exercises</p><p>itis 1 Somebody asks you how to get to a place Emufia ma</p><p>You say which way to go Look at the pictures Wham ,5 ig</p><p>and write sentences beginning with Go . . .</p><p>—r-I-I1 'I|'I-I'I'I'iI I|.'I-I-'r_.I'l-|-I-|-</p><p>i</p><p>| |</p><p>the bridge t e h this</p><p>I-I-I-I_Il-Iii\l is</p><p>ill the steps</p><p>"?:"' F "*—,,"“""‘"“'“*; "Ti</p><p>ii</p><p>..§\</p><p>II\_.</p><p>d_ kiwi</p><p>H1</p><p>-II f-ti ‘Ir -I</p><p>ioa 2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences</p><p>."["</p><p>"lsiail at</p><p>_ Eon. — —- ~.-'</p><p>—a§é—t</p><p>_F;=,.--*'---.____"M'</p><p>|./_'\</p><p>The dog swam .-....Efl$FtP‘-55 the river Suddenly a car came the corner</p><p>A book fell the shelf They drove the village</p><p>A plane flew the village E They got the train</p><p>A woman got the car The moon travels the earth</p><p>A girl ran ._ the street They got the house a window</p><p>‘lIElEl- 3 Complete the sentences Use overffromftoi etc</p><p>I looked the window and watched the people in the street</p><p>My house is near here its gust the corner</p><p>ill‘ JWheres my phone?“ You put it your bag</p><p>How far is it . ere the airport?</p><p>We walked the museum for an hour and saw a lot of interesting things</p><p>You can put your coat the back of the chair</p><p>In tennis, you have to hit the ball the net</p><p>Adriana took a key her bag and opened the door</p><p>on at by with about</p><p>vacation l Megan isn’t at work this week. She's on vacation. _ _</p><p>on TV I on television 5--1‘ We watched the news on TV. "1"'“""'i"""5*"’="“':""=”‘rI'1*?'</p><p>on the radio 1 We listened to the news on the radio. 3</p><p>on the phone I spoke to Rachel on the phone last night</p><p>on fire _ The house is on fire? Call the fire department irLanguage com</p><p>on time (= not late) Was the train late?" No. it was on time</p><p>DI‘!</p><p>G i " _ oqs}</p><p>: i- |""| iii - H‘ - I iii 1 _</p><p>l- __ __ _-</p><p>at</p><p>at (the age of) 21 I at 51] miles an hour? at 100 degrees. etc. :</p><p>IQ." Dlivia got married at 21. (or. . . at the age of 11.)</p><p>'I"."' A car uses more gas at 10 miles an hour than at 55.</p><p>ifi Water boils at 1130 degrees Celsius</p><p>- _</p><p>by by bus</p><p>_|, -11- _</p><p>bycaril bybus I byplane i’ by bike.etc.:</p><p>-.1. Do you like traveling by train? ,.,,..._</p><p>':.l Jenn usually goes to work by bike. \</p><p>but on foot</p><p>TI? You can't get there by car. You have to</p><p>go on foot (= you have to walk) Q“ fqm;</p><p>a book by. . . I a painting by. . . ll a piece of music</p><p>by. .. , etc.:</p><p>CI Have you read any books by Charles</p><p>Dickens?</p><p>1 ...-..lfaiI.I-anri..li‘.ose..I.i.Ise.aIa.saisa.I..rri.i.is.ia..-..-.......-.</p><p>.,,. E-—r_ ";_ - Carol...-..-..-.-........</p><p>. classical music</p><p>“ka“‘? BIMND 2 Billancl Rose</p><p>_ B955 _ _CA'i‘_'l': .Ycl"'l. _ Carol.................-........</p><p>‘I classical music? i yes H no</p><p>no yes 7 Ii2 boi-ting? | I , 3</p><p>!3 horror movies? l yes | no ' l</p><p>Write about yourself. Use:</p><p>lnever... or l...alot or ldon't...veryoften.</p><p>1 (watch Tv) .-..-.-.i..dori.Tt.narrzh.H..ve.ry.efLan....... or .......l..nasat.iaateh..Iir;-..... or</p><p>2 (go to the theater}</p><p>3 (rideabike)</p><p>4 (eat in restaurants]</p><p>5 (travel by train) ..</p><p>@ Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use clon'tIdoesn’t + these verbs:</p><p>-IIIIII-I. __</p><p>-l.r . -.5_ cost go know -i=ai-n-- see use wear _;</p><p>1 The weather here is usually nice. It ...t;l!2IrfieiIl.'.i.'<..tTel.l1...-.. a lot.</p><p>2 Andy has a car, butheit very often.</p><p>3 Dan and his friends like movies, but they . .. .. to the |"i'|rji'l,riE5 vary i;jifije|'1_</p><p>4 Amanda is married, butshea ring.</p><p>5Imuch about politics. I'm not interested in it-</p><p>a The Regent Hotel isn’t eitpensive. It much to stay there.</p><p>Ii’ David lives near us, but we him ‘very often,</p><p>6 Put the verb into the correct form, affirmative or negative.</p><p>1 Lauren four languages — English, Korean, Arabic. and Spanish. (speak)</p><p>2 l.....rilr;iI1i12..il.isiiEE..-.- my job. It's very boring. (like)</p><p>3 "Where's David?“ “I’rn sorry.I." (know)</p><p>4 Sue is a very quiet person.Shevery much. (talk)</p><p>5 Andy a lot of coffee. It’s his favorite drink. (drink)</p><p>6 That’s not true!I.. it! (believe)</p><p>TI Tliats a very beautiful picture. I it a lot. (like)</p><p>3 Iohnisavegetarian. He meat.(eat)</p><p>We use doIdoes in simple present questions:</p><p>Afirmative Question</p><p>' '_ Wm-1.; ; I I i l Doyou playthe guitar</p><p>I they have</p><p>, ' hehe likes</p><p>Sit does .</p><p>l has l</p><p>G he . works</p><p>l | have</p><p>5 does she a</p><p>' l it l</p><p>| l</p><p>W</p><p>ou rm-1 work?</p><p>i 3 the _ ilce?</p><p>i |l' l ’_| I</p><p>| we=lilte _ l do‘ e '5</p><p>. y I</p><p>l l ltlo?</p><p>?</p><p>Study the word order.</p><p>do,-‘does + subject + baseforni</p><p>‘ Do</p><p>Do</p><p>Does</p><p>" Does iit</p><p>do_ Where</p><p>' How often do</p><p>Wl‘iat_ does</p><p>How much i does git</p><p>HI§'Iu:.i--- -J</p><p>: you l play the guitar?</p><p>your friends i live l near here?</p><p>I Chris work ’ on Sundays?</p><p>rain E a lot here?</p><p>i your parents live?</p><p>I you I wash l your hair?</p><p>this word mean?</p><p>cost I to fly to Puerto Rico?</p><p>Questions with always and usually".</p><p>What? do .you . usually do ion weekends? 2</p><p>1 “H Doe-us“ ifihris always lwork Ton Sundays?“ l</p><p>What do you do? = What's your job?</p><p>[fl “What do you do?“ "I work in a bank."</p><p>Remernben</p><p>do IIweIyou,-‘they... if‘ Do they like music?</p><p>does heIsheIit... {:1 Does he like music?</p><p>Short answers</p><p>| i-|II | I-II IIII-I Z111</p><p>{ llIweIyouIthey do. ' llweIyouIthey don’t. l</p><p>‘i’es,1 —— ~- Ii-lo. —-- _ |heIsheIit does. '1 heIsheIit doesn t.</p><p>1- I I</p><p>ril-</p><p>ii-'_.I "Do you play the guitar?" "No, I don't."</p><p>Ii "Do your parents speak English?" “Yes, they do."</p><p>Ki "Does Ryan work hard?" "Yes, he does."</p><p>CI “Does your sister live in Vancouver?’ "No, she doesn't.“</p><p>I doIworltIlike, etc. -I Unit 5 I don't - - . (negative) 4 Unit G questions -F Units £2-45</p><p>Exercises</p><p>l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>si</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>3"’</p><p>8</p><p>'-I-I</p><p>write questions with Do .. . ‘rand Does . . . I</p><p>I like chocolate. How about you? .-..-.De.ya.u.-l.ike.aheca.l.ate......-.. .. .</p><p>I play tennis. I-low about you? you ................................ .-</p><p>You live near here. How about Emily? Emily</p><p>Torn plays tennis. How about his friends? . .-</p><p>You speak English. How about your brother? .</p><p>I do yoga every morning. How about you?</p><p>Sue often travels on business. How about Eric? .</p><p>I want to be famous. How about you?</p><p>You work hard. How about Anna? . . .. .. -.</p><p>Make questions from these words + doIdoes- Put the words in the right order.</p><p>(where I live I your parents) -......lI~Ihe.r"e..ri.a.you-r pa.rent.s..|-i-va....... . . .</p><p>(you I early I always I get up) . ..lI.»'!o you-a-Iivaye aet..up.ea.oy........-</p><p>(how often I Ty Iyou I watch)</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>E</p><p>F</p><p>S</p><p>El</p><p>‘IU</p><p>"I1</p><p>‘I2</p><p>‘I3</p><p>"I4</p><p>(you I want I what I for dinner)</p><p>(like I you I football)</p><p>(your brother I like I football) .</p><p>(what I you I do I in your free time)</p><p>(your sister I work I where)</p><p>(breakfast I always I you I have)</p><p>(what I mean I this word) --</p><p>(in the winter I snow I it I here) __</p><p>(go I usually I to bed I what time I you)</p><p>(how much I to call Mexico I it I cost)</p><p>(you I for breakfast I have I usually I what)</p><p>Complete the questions. Use these verbs:</p><p>'UU"'-.lCl"'il..iI"‘lJL'-.l-.il\-ll'-J-—-1</p><p>|-do-“H do enjoy get E H start teach Hi]</p><p>What .. .-do._yau.ao-.- ? I work in a bookstore.</p><p>What time in the morning? At '-.?r:[ll].</p><p>on Saturdays? Sometimes.</p><p>How .. to work? Usually by bus.</p><p>And your husband. What ?He’s a teacher.</p><p>What ? Science-</p><p>.. his job? Yes, he loves it.</p><p>Write short answers (Yes, he does. I No, I don't... etc.).</p><p>Do you watch Ty’ a lot? or ......-'?r.’ee..l.do..-... ..</p><p>Do you live in a big city? .</p><p>Do you ever ride a bike? .. . . ..</p><p>Does it rain a lot where you live?</p><p>Do you play the piano?</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>-Ii</p><p>5</p><p>-t Additional exercises 4-1 (pages 23EI—2i-‘I01</p><p>"~.lr*~J-*-\-*-I--*-J--..|-.1--r..l-=-.Il</p><p>r</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>i’</p><p>?</p><p>?‘</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>?</p><p>ii’</p><p>1"</p><p>'5"</p><p>lack is watching television.</p><p>He is not playing the guitar.</p><p>But Iack has a guitar.</p><p>He plays it a lot, and he plays very well.</p><p>Iack plays the guitar.</p><p>but he is not playing the guitar now.</p><p>ls he playing the guitar? No, he isn't. (present continuous)</p><p>Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. (simple present)</p><p>Present continuous (I am doing) = now, at the time of speaking;</p><p>I'm doing</p><p>past new future</p><p>Fl._? Please be quiet. I'm working (not I work)</p><p>if-'= Tom is taking a shower at the moment. (not Tom takes)</p><p>..:'- Take an umbrella with you. It's mining,</p><p>=.'-“-"i= You can turn off the T‘v'. I'm not watching it.</p><p>=.:.l Why are you under the table? What are you doing?</p><p>Simpie present (I do) = in general, 'aII the time, or sometimes:</p><p>I do</p><p>past now future</p><p>Q I work every day from 9:00 to 5:30.</p><p>(_j= Tom takes a shower every morning.</p><p>1:? It rains a lot there in the winter.</p><p>-ifji I don't watch TV very often.</p><p>£f__‘;:- What do you usually do on weekends?</p><p>____</p><p>We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (I am -ing):</p><p>like want know understand remember</p><p>prefer need mean believe forget</p><p>Use only the sin-iple present with these verbs (I want I do you like?, etc.):</p><p>Li I’m tired. I want to go home. (not l’m wanting)</p><p>"Do you know that girl?“ “Yes, butl don't remember her name."</p><p>Q} I don't understand What do you mean?</p><p>present continuous -Ir Units 3-4 simple present -I Units 5-T present for the future -I Unit 14</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Answer the questions about the pictures.</p><p>Does he take photographs? l is she drivinga bus?</p><p>ls he taking a photograph? ...No.. 5 Does she drive a bus? .. .. . ..</p><p>What is he doing? _ What is she doing?</p><p>. ;</p><p>3</p><p>'il'II-II .- _F|-I-'</p><p>fa</p><p>i'm .a window w.as-hen W3 an; 13.5,-.3.|;hg|-'5</p><p>y</p><p>Doeshewash windows? Aretheyteaching?</p><p>What is he doing? l What do they do?</p><p>is he washing a window? Do they teach? .. l</p><p>f|||||||I||....lII-I--l-Il-I--l---.----l----l--------</p><p>Complete the sentences with amlisfare or do,'don't.-’doesfdoesn’t.</p><p>1 Excuse me. you speak English?</p><p>2 "Where's Kate?" "l.. know.“</p><p>3 What's so funny? Why laughing?</p><p>4 "What your sister do?" "She's a dentist.“</p><p>5 raining. want to go out in the rain.</p><p>6 "Whereyou come from?" "Canada."</p><p>T? How much . it cost to stay at this hotel? is it expensive?</p><p>B Steve is a good tennis player, but he .. .. .. .. . play very often.</p><p>Put the verb in the present continuous {I am doing) or the simple present [I do).</p><p>1 Excuse me. ......s?lt?.§£s?.u.f3iE'§.-fi.l§...... (youfspeak) English?</p><p>2 "Where’s Tom?" {heltakel ashower.“</p><p>3 lllnotfwatch] Tv very oFten,'</p><p>4 Listen! Somebody (sing).</p><p>5 Sarah is tired. .. . (shefwantl to go home now.</p><p>5 How often {you?use) your car? Every day?</p><p>F "Excuse me, but .. {youisitj in my seat." "Uh, I'm sorry."</p><p>8 I'm sorry, . . .. .. lifnotlunderstand)- Can you speak more slowly?</p><p>9 it's late. (Ugo)home now.</p><p>(youiicorne) with me?</p><p>1U What time .. .. (your Father I finish) work every day?</p><p>11 You can turn off the radio. ...........................-.......-..-..-.-...{ifnotllistenj</p><p>to it.</p><p>12 "Where’s Eric?“ "In the kitchen. ...(he;’cool<) something.“</p><p>13 josh . ........-..(notlusuallyfdrive) to work. He</p><p>.. (usuallyfwalkj.</p><p>14 Sue (notiiil-te)coFfee. tea.</p><p>—li Additional exercises E-9 (page 241}</p><p>lhave and I've got</p><p>we or weI Wu have l You have got</p><p>chi: _ they _ [they’ve got)</p><p>You can say I have or I've got, he has or he's got:.. . _ .... _</p><p>l i ‘ [I've got) l</p><p>ii(we've got) ;</p><p>{you’ve got} l</p><p>he ' he 5 {he's got}</p><p>she has , or she has got (she's got) 5</p><p>- it it 1 (it’s got)</p><p>I I-II</p><p>Ci</p><p>O</p><p>H</p><p>- . _. . _</p><p>short form</p><p>I</p><p>Tom has two sisters. or Torn has got two sisters.</p><p>Our car has four doors or Our car hasgot four doors</p><p>Sarah isn t feeling well She has a headache or She s got a headache</p><p>They like animals They have a horse, three clogs and six cats. or They've got a horse</p><p>I have blue eyes or I ve got blue eyes.</p><p>+ I</p><p>Ci ' ' ' , . " .</p><p>|"'—‘l:! , 1 I I I</p><p>l don't have I I haven’t got, etc. (negative)</p><p>llyou , ifyou , ‘</p><p>welthey _ _ welthey '</p><p>You can say: .... . _ ,__. _ ._ I -</p><p>don t haven t l</p><p>' * ' . have = " " got</p><p>' hefshe all hefshel. doesn’t ' E . Y hasn’tit it 1 i</p><p>‘:5 l don't have a car. or I haiven’t got a car.</p><p>ill They don't have any children. or They haven't got any children.</p><p>CI It's a nice house, but it doesn't have a garage. or ... it hesn'tgot a garage.</p><p>Ci iviariko doesn’t have a job right now. or Meriko hasift got a job right now.</p><p>do you have? I have you got? etc (questions)1 1-’</p><p>You can say:</p><p>I I-—IIl i l.-at I-I—-l I-1'—'I-</p><p>@-I-Q!-I-'I'I'I'I</p><p>do lfyou have ilyou i</p><p>dues iilei‘she has Eelshe .</p><p>efthe = weltheyW y_ J DI’ 1 I ._ 1</p><p>I i-I1! ' Ii—— ll</p><p>Ii “Do you have a camera?‘ “Ho. I don’t." or</p><p>ii</p><p>“Have you got a camera?’ “Ho, I l'iaven’t”</p><p>"Does Jennifer have a car?" "Yes, she does." or</p><p>"Has Jennifer got a car?“ "Yes, she has.“</p><p>Ci What kind of car does she have? or .. . has she got?</p><p>iii How many children do they have? or . . . have they got?</p><p>had I didn't have (past) -I Units 11-11 have breakfast .i' have a headache, etc. -I Unit 56</p><p>some and any -I Unit H</p><p>Exercises</p><p>'l</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>I5</p><p>T</p><p>3</p><p>He has got a new job.</p><p>Have you got an umbrella?</p><p>We have got a lot of work to do.</p><p>Has your father got a car?</p><p>How much money have we got?</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>5</p><p>I don't have many clothes.</p><p>Does Tom have a brother?</p><p>Do you have any questions?</p><p>Sam doesn't have a job.</p><p>He .. .. ..</p><p>I haven't got your phone number.</p><p>How many children do they have?</p><p>Write these sentences with havefhas or don't have ,1’ doesn't have. The meaning is the same</p><p>They have got two children- .....Il1§.‘>i..liiiil.iii-?.IEi"iii?i..i=?l1.l.lr?iiT?;'=.i'i-. .. . .. . .. ..</p><p>She hasn't got a key. .-..-fil‘ii?¢€li-iififiiiill-3...l‘l?5’i.‘ifT§.?'r7!..li§fi3ii-.......</p><p>Write these sentences with got. The meaning is the same.</p><p>Do you have any money? -.-...iflfilrT§.Iiii$?.|?..§l§?lE.iiii?2if..!Tl.4iii§.':iili'.-.....-..-.</p><p>Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark.</p><p>'U"i-I-.-1'"!-ll‘-.'l...I-il'l"'-il'—|'</p><p>Do you have a car?</p><p>Do you have a bike?</p><p>Do you have a dog?</p><p>Do you have a cell phone?</p><p>Do you have a watch?</p><p>Do you have any brothers</p><p>or sisters?</p><p>No. - -</p><p>Yes. '</p><p>N0. M</p><p>Yes. Meek</p><p>No.</p><p>Yes. two brothers</p><p>and a sister.</p><p>CI-"'iu'i.i‘:-.i.i-.Ii~.i-i</p><p>I _n:i</p><p>What about you? Write sentences with I have or I don't have.</p><p>.? (a clog)</p><p>E la bike)</p><p>E1 (brothers,-isisters}</p><p>Complete the sentences with have, has, don't have, or doesn't have.</p><p>1 Sarah.a car. She goes everywhere by bike.</p><p>2 They like animals. They three dogs and two cats.</p><p>3 Matt isn't happy.Helot of problems.</p><p>4 They are always busy They much free time.</p><p>S “What's wrong?" "i ._ .....-..-.-_..something in my eye.“</p><p>E.» “Where's my pen?" "I don't know. it."</p><p>? Melissa wants to go to the concert, but she _. .. . a ticket-</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use havefhas or don't have ,1’ doesn't have with:</p><p>x —' — -- -—- x</p><p>I a lot of friends much tii1i_e -0-Iiieadritelzs six legs __a job a key I</p><p>......i:i.e.deseri.'t.h.ers a..eer.</p><p>1 i'm not feeling well.</p><p>2 Everybody likes Tom. He</p><p>3 She can't open the door. She</p><p>4 Hurry! We</p><p>S An insect.........</p><p>6 I'm unemployed.</p><p>-I Additi-om! exercises 5-? [page 24-0}</p><p>lost night now</p><p>amlis {present} -ii was {past}</p><p>Robert is at work now</p><p>At midnight last night</p><p>he wasn t at work</p><p>He was in bed</p><p>He was asleep</p><p>If I am tired (now) I was tired last night</p><p>‘I? Where is Kate? {now} Where was Kate yesterday?</p><p>if? The weather is nice today The weather was nice last week</p><p>are (presen t) -1 were [oast]</p><p>iii You are late (now) You were late yesterday</p><p>ll] Tney aren t here (now) They weren't here last Sunday</p><p>Afl-irmotive Negative Question</p><p>I</p><p>he</p><p>she</p><p>it</p><p>we</p><p>you</p><p>they</p><p>Hi-i.I II‘-—--</p><p>._i—i._</p><p>l l</p><p>was was not wa e?</p><p>s e I [wasn t) s e?</p><p>wewere not ?</p><p>were ou were you(weren t)they they? I</p><p>Last year Rachel was 22 so she Is 23 now</p><p>When I was a child, I was scared of dogs</p><p>I We were hungry after the trip but we weren't tired.</p><p>i..J The hotel was comfortable, but it wasn t expensive</p><p>Ci Was the weather nice when you were on vacation?</p><p>‘III Your shoes are nice Were they expensive?</p><p>Li Why were you late this morning?</p><p>Snort answers</p><p>llhelsheilit was l llhelshelit wasnt</p><p>l E5'li the were weiyoulthey wereniweliyoul y _</p><p>if] Were you late?” No,lwasnt.</p><p>h n. J -;i-_ Was Tom at work yesterday Yes, he was</p><p>i._.'i Were Sue and Ilin at the party?" No, they wei-en t</p><p>amlislare -I Units 1-1 I was doing -I Unit 13</p><p>XBFCISES</p><p>W ay afternoon?IZ3UU</p><p>1</p><p>'-</p><p>_—'H.</p><p>II-' _</p><p>F 1</p><p>F</p><p>-ri.-I-I-r</p><p>o.-in uicir ioirt u MR xivo MRS HALL l ssiv</p><p>1 Dan was in bed</p><p>2 lack and Kate</p><p>3 Sue C'i"'iI-.-|"'I-lh And you? I</p><p>Write am!Islare (present) or waslwere (past)</p><p>T</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>S</p><p>6</p><p>3'</p><p>B</p><p>9</p><p>Last year she W55 22 so she l5 23 now</p><p>Today the weather nice, but yesterday it very cold</p><p>hungry Can I have something to eat?</p><p>I Feel Fine this morning, but I very tired last night</p><p>Where you at 11 DU last Friday morning?</p><p>Don t buy those shoes They very expensive</p><p>I like your new ,|acket it expensive?</p><p>This time last year I in Paris</p><p>Where Sam and Joe?" I don t know They here a Few minutes ago</p><p>Write wasfwere or wasn tlweren t</p><p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>5</p><p>We weren t happy with the hotel Clur room was very small and it W35"? clean</p><p>Mic at work last week because he sick Hes better now</p><p>Yesterday a holiday so the banks closed They re open today</p><p>liiate and Bill at the party?“ I-(ate there but Bill</p><p>Where are my keys? They on the table, but they re not there now</p><p>You home last night Where you?</p><p>Write questions from these words + wasfwere Put the words in the right order</p><p>I</p><p>2</p><p>3</p><p>4</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>(late i' you 1' this morning I why?)</p><p>li"'iI'l"l_‘y W15-'|"l'3 _‘;l'Cl'U lflt-B 'l.T-l'll5 l'l'lU'l"l"'lll'lQ_? Thg [fgffic wag had</p><p>(diFFicult I your exam?)</p><p>l‘-.io, it was easy</p><p>[last week 1‘ where f Sue and Chris?)</p><p>They were on vacation</p><p>{your new camera I how much?)</p><p>Dne hundred and twenty dollars</p><p>{angry I you I yesterday l why?)</p><p>Because you were late</p><p>l_I’llCE if the weather I last week?)</p><p>Yes it was beautiful</p><p>They watch TV every night.</p><p>I (simple present)</p><p>They watched TV last night.</p><p>(simple post)</p><p>watched is the simple post:</p><p>I Ilweifypulthey watched I</p><p>helshel it</p><p>The simple post is often -ed (regular verbs). For example:</p><p>work —:i worked dance —i- danced</p><p>clean —i- cleaned stay —:i~ stayed</p><p>start —s started need —Ir needed</p><p>Ci I brush my teeth every morning. This morning I brushed my teeth.</p><p>-Ii Tony worked in a bank from 2065 to 2011.</p><p>fl"; Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.</p><p>E] We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people.</p><p>The party ended at midnight.</p><p>You can use just with the simple post (just = a short time ago):</p><p>-TI "is Tom here?“ ‘No, hejust left."</p><p>51:." I'm not hungry. ljust had dinner.</p><p>For spelling, see Appendix 5.</p><p>tiy —i- tried study —i- studied copy —s copied</p><p>stop —:i stopped plan —Ir planned</p><p>Some verbs are inegulnr (= not regular). 'I11e simple post is not -ed Here are some important irregular</p><p>verbs (see also Appendixes 2-3):</p><p>I broke n found ose</p><p>l brought fly ew make</p><p>I built | forget forgot meet</p><p>buy bought I get got pay</p><p>catch caught . give gave 1 put</p><p>= come came l go went read</p><p>do did I have</p><p>had ring</p><p>drink drank | hear heard _ say</p><p>eat ate Ll-tnow knew i_ see</p><p>ost</p><p>made seep</p><p>met I speak</p><p>paid stand</p><p>put I take</p><p>read [red)* tell</p><p>rang | think</p><p>said I win</p><p>saw _ write</p><p>sa</p><p>slept</p><p>spoke</p><p>stood</p><p>took</p><p>told</p><p>thought</p><p>won</p><p>wrote</p><p>begin -1 began lfall —:i- fell leave -1- left lsell —Ii sold</p><p>break fi d I l I sit t I</p><p>bring l fl I</p><p>buid ' '</p><p>I-J</p><p>‘pronounced "red"</p><p>FIT I usually get up early, but this morning I got up at ‘I-.1230.</p><p>-1:1 We did a lot of work yesterday.</p><p>ii Megan went to the movies three times last week.</p><p>'._1' James came into the room, took off his coat. and sat down.</p><p>waslwere -I- Unit 1o I ¢lItlIl"II_l' Did you ? (negative and questions) -I Unit 12 ago -I Unrt 15</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.</p><p>|:_-Isi=i.-isIii- die end enjoy happen open rain start stay want</p><p>1 I my teeth three times yesterday.</p><p>2 It was hot in the room, so I the window.</p><p>3 The movie was very long. It at 2:15 and at 10:00.</p><p>4 When I was a child, I to be a doctor.</p><p>S The accident last Sunday afternoon.</p><p>6 The weather is nice today. but yesterday it all day.</p><p>2 We our vacation last year. We at a very nice place.</p><p>B Anna's grandfather .............................................. -. when he was 90 years old.</p><p>%</p><p>-I-_</p><p>Read about Liz's trip to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form. i_'_i|=._-'I|_i;i| i_'_iL_i_i Ciro</p><p>—< |If</p><p>. ___I</p><p>DFEFJ FUHFGHT</p><p>Last Tuesday, Liz tn from Los Angeles to Madrid.</p><p>She [ti up at 6:00 in the morning and tsji .............................................. -, a cup</p><p>of coffee. At 2:15 she to home and {5} to the</p><p>airport. When shets)sheo} the cat</p><p>ta} .. to the terminal, and isn in. Then she</p><p>he] breakfast at an airport cafe and [11] for</p><p>her flight. The plane [12] on time and psi in</p><p>Madrid 13 hours later. Finally, she no a taxi from the airport</p><p>to her hotel downtown.</p><p>write sentences about the past (yesterday {last week. etc.).</p><p>1 James always goes to work by car. Yesterday</p><p>2 Rachel often loses her keys.She 13,5; we;-|q_</p><p>3 Kate meets her friends every night. She ................................................................................................................................... .. last night.</p><p>4 I buy a newspaper every day. Yesterday I _</p><p>5 We often go to the movies on weekends. Last Sunday we ....................................... ..</p><p>5 I eat an orange every day. YesterdayI</p><p>2 Tom always takes a shower in the moming. This morning he</p><p>El Our friends often come to see us. They last Friday.</p><p>Write a sentence with just for each picture. This Io our</p><p>I'll. eyeriybodyl</p><p>,_, HEW C-E:II"l —</p><p>--;.i-7“.</p><p>Fir</p><p>get, have</p><p>leave, drive</p><p>get. park</p><p>walk. check</p><p>have, wait</p><p>depart, arrive</p><p>take</p><p>|s.| |-|-- --.-- --. --- .------|-- .-----. -</p><p>I I I I I I | 1 I | 1 - | I r | I I I I I I I I I I I I ' I 1 I I I I III</p><p>-|'l</p><p>ll</p><p>" "i</p><p>.</p><p>slifjéf1'-i</p><p>2 4 1'herace</p><p>-|iAdditionaIexencise1iI[page242)</p><p>STA</p><p>We use did in simple past negatives and questions:</p><p>Ease Form Ajfirmative Negative Question</p><p>l play T l played I 'I I play l_ ' I l play?</p><p>J start I we started we i - start -I I we I start? _</p><p>watch ' you iwatched ’ you ‘rd t watch I ' you -watch? |</p><p>have they had they dm," have di they have? '</p><p>see he I saw he - l ' M" see ' he see? l’ l ‘ i</p><p>E do ' she did she | do I '_ I she I do? -</p><p>go _ it I went _ it W II go I Lit go? |</p><p>doldoes (present) —i did (past):</p><p>It '- I'._.= I don t watch TV very often.</p><p>I didn't watch Ty yesterday.</p><p>fl-) Does she go out often?</p><p>Did she go out last night?</p><p>We use didi'didn’t + baseform lnratchrplayigo, etc):</p><p>I watched but I didn't watch [not I didn't watched)</p><p>they went did they go? (not did they wen t?)</p><p>he had he didn't have</p><p>you did did you do?</p><p>-'.'.'Ii I played tennis yesterday; but I didn't win.</p><p>fl "Did you do your homework?" "No, I didn't have time."</p><p>Ll We went to a nice restaurant, but we didn't enjoy the meal.</p><p>Study the word order in questions:</p><p>did + subject + base form</p><p>I— -l 4 —I -1 I LI‘!-I III-III</p><p>._ Did your sister call you?</p><p>i What ' did you do ' last night?</p><p>How did the accident happen?</p><p>Where did your parents go on vacation?</p><p>— III I_|j'l -I - II</p><p>Short answers</p><p>II I31 -</p><p>I I - I</p><p>llwelyoulthey I . ' ilwelyoulthey ' . ,</p><p>"'5' hefshefit . "l'd' l l'l"" hefshelit I d'd" "' I</p><p>ill "Did you see Joe yesterday?" “Ho, I didn't."</p><p>{:3 "Did it rain on Sunday?" "Yes, it did.“</p><p>if} “Did Emma come to the party?‘ "No. she didn't.“</p><p>CI “Did your parents have a good trip?“ "Yes, they did."</p><p>worliedlgotlwent, etc. (past simple] -I Unit 1 1</p><p>Exercises</p><p>Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.</p><p>1 I saw Rachel, but I. Jenn.</p><p>2 They worked on Monday, but they</p><p>3 We went to the post ofhce, but we</p><p>4 She had a pen, but she ..</p><p>5 lack did some work in the yard, but he ..</p><p>Write questions with Did . . . 1'</p><p>1 I watched T"v' last night. How about you?</p><p>1 I enjoyed the party. How about you?</p><p>3 I had a nice vacation. How about you?</p><p>4 i finished work early. How about you?</p><p>5 I slept well last night. How about you?</p><p>on Tuesday.</p><p>to the bank.</p><p>any paper.</p><p>any work in the house.</p><p>.I.3.?.i.sI.you..vvatoh..?Tif..Iao1?..t1iebie.... .. ..</p><p>@ What did you do yesterday? Write affirmative or negative sentences.</p><p>1 (watch Tv) . or</p><p>2 (get up before nos) I</p><p>3 (take a shower)</p><p>si (buya magazine)</p><p>5 (eat meat) .</p><p>6 (go to bed before moo)</p><p>Write H’s questions. Use:</p><p>I I-I I-J I</p><p>i‘</p><p>?</p><p>tr</p><p>"-J'-J</p><p>(cost get to work go go to bed late happen have a nice time -sea} win J</p><p>1 a: We went to Chicago last month.</p><p>A.‘ With some friends.</p><p>a: Where</p><p>5 A.’ We came home by taai.</p><p>a: How much</p><p>.s..- Twenty dollars.</p><p>2 A.‘ lwas late for the meeting.</p><p>A: 9:30.</p><p>I | 11 r— - ‘—-- I</p><p>a; What</p><p>6 .-s: I'm tired this morning.</p><p>? -</p><p>a: hlo, but I didn’t sleep very well.</p><p>3 A: I played tennis this afternoon.</p><p>-4 a: I had a nice vacation.</p><p>AI To the mountains.</p><p>a: No,| lost. .a: Yes. it was great.</p><p>I .-. _-in. _...._.._.. ._.._.</p><p>a: Good.</p><p>? a: We went to the beach yesterday.</p><p>3 A.‘ The window is broken.</p><p>A.’ I don't know.</p><p>er How</p><p>Put the verb in the correct form — affirmative, negative, or question.</p><p>1 We went to the movies, but the film wasn't very good. We ......dido.'.1:-..enjoy..-..- it. (enjoy)</p><p>2 Tom some new clothes yesterday — two shirts, a jacket, and a sweater. (buy)</p><p>3 ". .. . yesterday?" “No, it was a nice day." (rain)</p><p>-ii We were tired, so we long at the party. (stay)</p><p>'5 It was very warm in the room, so I . . .. window. (open)</p><p>5 “Did you call Chris this morning?" “No, I .. . , .. .. tirne." {have}</p><p>{I3-"'-I</p><p>-I Additional exercises 10-13 (page 242)</p><p>"I cut my hand this morning.“ "How . . that?" (do)</p><p>“Why weren’t you at the meeting yesterday?" “I.-. .. about it." (know)</p><p>'i:J?"i#|C.-?'i'J'i:';#"r¢'_f'</p><p>4:00 now (5 UEIJ It is 6130 now</p><p>Rob is home</p><p>He is watching Tv</p><p>_ arson wasnta h me ll’he t o E‘-135'? Lem</p><p>He was at the gym:5.-I-—</p><p>"1-:_</p><p>He was swimming in the pool</p><p>He wasn t watching Tv</p><p>330’| T_—TT”°“77iJ'i</p><p>i1E‘ Eiflflifiii he was swimming he Finished</p><p>swimming swimming</p><p>I r-‘I-i-'</p><p>wasiwere + ing is the past continuous</p><p>Afiirmntive Negative Question</p><p>i In-—l it -— I-its ii-i ill</p><p>I</p><p>he</p><p>she</p><p>it</p><p>doing was not doing i doing?</p><p>W“ watching 5 E (wasn t) watching | “H5 5 E. watching?</p><p>playing pia ing playing?</p><p>_ I</p><p>WE</p><p>YD</p><p>1-I</p><p>J</p><p>I</p><p>swimming " swimming rr swimming?</p><p>living, W I were not living, living?</p><p>were l ou were ou{weren t)t ey the</p><p>u</p><p>they</p><p>What were you doing at 11 so yesterday Were you working?</p><p>-IQ What did he say?" I don t know I wasn t listening,</p><p>C It was raining, so we didn t go out</p><p>I: In zoos we were living in Japan</p><p>C Today shes weanng a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing pants</p><p>=1: I woke up early yesterday It was a beautiful morning The sun was shining, and the birds</p><p>Spelling {live —:i living I run —:i running! iie —i+ lying, etc) —‘i~ Appendix 5</p><p>amfisiiare + -ing (present) -ii wasiwere + ing (post)</p><p>Present Post</p><p>I m working [now] I I was working at 10 30 last night</p><p>: It isn t raining (now) _ It wasn t raining when we went out</p><p>Q1 What are you doing [now]? .1 What were you doing at 3 so?</p><p>wasiwere -I Unit to I was doing and I did (past continuous and simple past} -Ir Unit 14</p><p>were singing</p><p>Exercises</p><p>doing? Write two sentences</p><p>for each picture.</p><p>ifiji</p><p>'-=..,__w,_,..a-I='L</p><p>HA</p><p>K watch Tv watch a movie I</p><p>ii</p><p>Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? And what were they</p><p>'II Ir 1. Ti ._’_ ...- H...-1|‘</p><p>- ._\—l-H-M ia-</p><p>- l E</p><p>- .- I</p><p>' ' I I</p><p>1,1-</p><p>TUM AMEND</p><p>--Ia ..-. _.</p><p>.j_ir</p><p>'i\.'-,1};-I</p><p>MR AND MR5. HALLaisci-iei. Jack re - .</p><p>home at the movies in his car ' at the station in the park</p><p>I drive wait for a train I walk</p><p>1 ......I§a.oh.el..was.horns.</p><p>2 lack and Kate . . They</p><p>3</p><p>5 And you?</p><p>Sarah did a lot of things yesterday. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.</p><p>. _ H,</p><p>-5". .’—iiiii iii?“ 5 ii,,,,,.,.,,~,g. ---iiioi</p><p>9:2D</p><p>I - ._,i1.'</p><p>%iT\= i'-?*“e-</p><p>.. E</p><p>iiiii’ Fl‘--ii".</p><p>-1245</p><p>|'r|‘</p><p>e</p><p>‘.-l'I- ad'-</p><p>2 At 1o:-45she</p><p>3 At 3:00</p><p>-1oEoo 1o:15—"'iT5i£T12:oo : i ii ’°‘t12'm</p><p>5 At F115</p><p>iiiiiii I . ..</p><p>__?ri_5 L _ B:-‘U 1 E130 _ 9:06“. l AI E145</p><p>‘i i I</p><p>Complete the questions. Use wasiiwere -ing. Use whaflwiiere,-’why if necessary.</p><p>...“i\</p><p>L-""|'-l'¢'-L-I-1|"--'i—l</p><p>(youflivel .-..-.iIiI.be.te.ivets..you..Iiv.i.na....-..-........ . in 1012? In Brazil.</p><p>(youido) at 2:UiIi? I was asleep.</p><p>(iiirain) when you got up? No, it was sunny.</p><p>(Suei‘drive) .. so fast? Because she was late.</p><p>(Tomfwear) a suit yesterday? No, a Tnshirt and jeans.</p><p>Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write</p><p>EifF1I'l'I'lilIIi‘v'E or negative sentences.</p><p>Hi. I'm going</p><p>' ahopplng.</p><p>ri- .I'=-.'|..I-.l'|“-.1'—l</p><p>5</p><p>6</p><p>F</p><p>3</p><p>.-r--..---..-—-.-r-s</p><p>:.|""|'</p><p>arry I a bag) ..</p><p>def a bike)</p><p>go I home)</p><p>(wear ,1 a hat] ..</p><p>[carry l an umbrella)</p><p>(go I to the dentist)</p><p>[eat I an ice cream cone)</p><p>wear ,i' a jacket) .'ii!ifd-‘i?-'.iiI..'1.5.- i.v.E§=?.ifi.!1£.??_ii-="4~f-?i!€i-fail-?:.......-.....</p><p>lack was reading His phone rang, He stopped reading- He answered</p><p>a book. his phone.</p><p>What happened? His phone rang, (simple past)</p><p>What was lack doing when his phone rang? } (pas; Eflntinuflugji</p><p>He was reading a book.</p><p>What did he do when his phone rang? (Sim IE mt)</p><p>He stopped reading and answered his phone. i p ‘E</p><p>lack began reading before his phone rang.</p><p>So when his phone rang he was reading</p><p>he began his phone he stopped he answered</p><p>reading rang reading his phone</p><p>he was reading</p><p>Simple past ' Past continuous</p><p>Ci a: What did you do yesterday morning? .a: What were you doing at 10:30?</p><p>a: We played tennis. {from 10:00 to 11:30] a: We were playing tennis.</p><p>Start Finish Start</p><p>10:00 ‘I 1:30 10:00| i—-i:———i~—~——~--—~ \\+¢/</p><p>we played we were playing</p><p>compieted action unfinished action</p><p>Ff.‘ lack read a book yesterday. If Jack was reading a book when his</p><p>(= from beginning to end) phone rang.</p><p>"..." Did you watch the game on Ty‘ ‘ll Were you watching Tv when</p><p>last night? I called you?</p><p>{:1 It didn't rain while we were on vacation. =II' Ii It wasn’t raining when I got up.</p><p>il'_'II' I started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 i was working,</p><p>[III It was raining when we went out. [= it started raining before we went out)</p><p>if1! I saw Emily and Sam this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop.</p><p>[II Grace fell asleep while she was reading,</p><p>l did (simple past) -"I: Units 11-11 lwas doing {past continuous} -I Unit 13 while -I Unit 103</p><p>Exercises</p><p>G Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct Form, past continuous or simple past.</p><p>l S 1</p><p>I . IP I 5. -. l.1-;____|_j I‘ _ l I-</p><p>1 /-7-? I iiiieijeii Ti</p><p>a . i</p><p>::;___ '_ i g-1 . T</p><p>ll</p><p>"-.-5</p><p>.Li</p><p>3 ,=’ i,. Hello.._larnee! I I'm goinigto ;</p><p>gr ii" - the station.</p><p>7 i_"</p><p>I I F-</p><p>i.|._</p><p>kR_SUE</p><p>rI—'_|</p><p>-—|I'_</p><p>.-I-I-4'</p><p>@ Put the verb into the past continuous or simple past.</p><p>1 A: What was the weather like when you .eot...-.. (get) up this morning?</p><p>e: It . .-..i-vas..ta.in.ine....... (rain).</p><p>2 a: Was Emma busy when you went to see her?</p><p>a: ‘fes, she .. .. (study).</p><p>_'"-.</p><p>1--</p><p>H</p><p>Emily -. (break) her arm last week</p><p>It . (happen) when</p><p>she .. .(paint) her</p><p>room. She....... . . . (Fall)</p><p>off the ladder.</p><p>The train . (arrive)</p><p>at the station, and Adriana</p><p>(get) off. Two friends of hers. Jon and</p><p>Ftachel, . .. .. (wait) to</p><p>meet her.</p><p>Yesterday Sue . .. ..</p><p>(walk) down the street when she</p><p>. (meet) James.</p><p>He . . (go) to</p><p>the station to catch a train, and he</p><p>(carry) a bag.</p><p>They ............................................... . (stop) to</p><p>talk for a few minutes.</p><p>3 is: .. (Ericfcall) you this morning?</p><p>a: Yes, (call) while I (have) breakfast.</p><p>A‘ ‘ ?4 . Was Natalie at work today-</p><p>is: I‘-lo, she (notigo)to work. She was sick.</p><p>5 .-i: How fast (youidrive) when the police</p><p>. .. .. (stop) you?</p><p>a; l’m not sure, but I .. (notfdrive) very fast.</p><p>-- - -- -- - (your team I Win) the baseball game yesterday?</p><p>a: No. the weather was very bad, so we .. .. (notiplay).</p><p>T a: How........ ._ _. _.........................(youibreak)thewindow?</p><p>6 A:</p><p>Ei: We (play) baseball. I (hit) the ball</p><p>and it .. (break) the window.</p><p>8 A: (you.I'see)jennylast night?</p><p>BI YES. She (wear) a very nice jacket.</p><p>9 A: What .. (youfdo) at 2:00 this morning?</p><p>.......... sleep).</p><p>10 a: . (lose) my key last night.</p><p>a: How ........................................................ .. (youiget) into your apartment?</p><p>.a: I .. .. . .. .. . . (climb) in through a window.</p><p>-I Addidonal eitercises 1-ii-15 (pages 243-244)</p><p>A</p><p>o.-we a few years ago</p><p>I work in a factoijy</p><p>|—i_</p><p>'2."</p><p>“ii.</p><p>‘Z?’</p><p>nave today</p><p>I work in a eupennarket.</p><p>I ueed to work in a factory.</p><p>-Ea _J_,. III‘</p><p>ii-'25 la:</p><p>"Ti</p><p>-..l""r I</p><p>F iii.4-T,</p><p>II</p><p>Dave used to work in a factory. How he works in a supermarket.</p><p>5used to work works '-</p><p>past now</p><p>Dave used to work in a factory = he worked in a factory before, but he doesn't work there now</p><p>B Youcansaylusedtowork...ifsheusedtohave...itheyusedtobe...,etc.:</p><p>lfyouiweithey i""""hE’,ShEm used to have</p><p>be '</p><p>rk</p><p>-if.‘ When I was a child, I used to like chocolate.</p><p>E? I used to read a lot of books, but I don't read '</p><p>much these days.</p><p>II] Lia has short hair now, but it used to he very long</p><p>-1:: They used to live on the same street as us, so</p><p>we used to see them a lot. But we don't see</p><p>them much anymore.</p><p>fl] Allison used to have a piano, but she sold it a few</p><p>years ago.</p><p>play .</p><p>El':':' I ueecl to have</p><p>vary long hair:</p><p>I</p><p>The egative isIdidn't useto 'n ....</p><p>i_.'I I didn't use to like tomatoes, but I like them now.</p><p>The question is did you use to . . .?</p><p>"f'.'.'II Where did you use to live before you came here?</p><p>C We use used to. . . only for the past. You cannot say "I use to . . ." for the present;</p><p>I':l I used to play tennis. Now I play golf. (not I use to play golf)</p><p>ij_'_ji We usually get up early. (not We use to get up early)</p><p>Exercises</p><p>6 Look at the pictures Complete the sentences with used to</p><p>' 1' This is me a few</p><p>years ago</p><p>She used to have</p><p>Iona hair soccer. a ta:~:i driver</p><p>He.. . ..</p><p>in the country</p><p>We ll??? "1 This is me 20 years ago</p><p>NEW "I"1'?i"I'i C5133! Hf??? I never wear glasses now</p><p>ill?-</p><p>“E</p><p>JI-</p><p>Do you play any sports?</p><p>Do you go out much?</p><p>Do you play a musical</p><p>instrument?</p><p>Do you like to read?</p><p>Do you travel much?</p><p>15 2 Amanda works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago things were different</p><p>Amanda a few years ago Amanda nflw</p><p>Yes, I swim every day,</p><p>and I play volleyball.</p><p>Yes, three or four nights</p><p>a week-</p><p>Yes. the guitar.</p><p>Yes, I read a lot.</p><p>Yes. I take two or three</p><p>trips a year.</p><p>Write sentences about Amanda with used to . . ..</p><p>1 5h-s ussdtoswirn every 4</p><p>2 She volleyball.S</p><p>'l..i|'l-E-.‘l...I|J|'-J-—'l</p><p>'--‘iii</p><p>EE</p><p>Complete these sentences Use used to or the simple present ( I play I he lives, etc )</p><p>used replay tennis I stopped playing a few years ago</p><p>Do you play any sports?" Yes, I ....p.|.ay..... basketball</p><p>Do you have a car?“ No, I .. one, but I sold it</p><p>evin .. a waiter. Now he's the manager of a hotel</p><p>Do you go to work by car?" "Sometimes, but most days I by train</p><p>When I was a child, I never meat but I eat it now</p><p>Hannah loves to watch T'v She .. .. . .. Tv every night</p><p>I in a halrclrssser nowca</p><p>—1-n.l;._'-H‘</p><p>I-"'5":-ii</p><p>.15-19!-.ll'E:i"$5Il-E-‘lib?</p><p>This building</p><p>I work veijy ha nsl at</p><p>myjob I clon 17- have</p><p>any free time</p><p>near the airport. but we moved downtown a few</p>