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<p>EAD EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA UNIDADE II Análise Contrastiva Profa. Dra. Solange Gervai III. Modal Auxiliaries and Related Phrasal Forms Modals: In grammar we describe modals formally as tenseless auxiliaries that take no subject-verb agreement and no infinitive to before the following verb; However, we acknowledge that modals do derive historically from ordinary verb forms inflected for either present or past tense because historically-based relationship still has some semantic implications. Historical Present tense Past tense Can could Will would May might Shall should must, had to III. Modal Auxiliaries and Related Phrasal Forms Modals: Many linguists argue, using data such as the following that the preceding forms are still marked for present or past tense. Direct speech: Indirect (Reported) speech: Joe: I can go. Joe said that he could go. May: I will leave. May said that she would leave. Jim: Shall I stay? Jim asked if he should stay. Bill: May I smoke? Bill asked if he might smoke. Ann: I must work. Ann said that she had to work. III. Modal Auxiliaries and Related Phrasal Forms Modals: However, this is a semantic, not a syntactic, relationship, and it does not hold for other modal pairs, in fact, in some cases, so-called present-tense modals refer to past time: Jim may have been late last night. (past meaning) Also, in many other cases, so-called past tense modals refer to present or future time: That could be Sara; (present meaning) You should see a doctor. (future meaning) Lembrete!</p>