Casamento e Perda de Peso

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QUESTÃO 04
Status of same-sex marriage
South America
Argentina
The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (a federal district 
and capital city of the republic) allows same-sex civil unions. 
The province of Rio Negro allows same-sex civil unions, too.
Legislation to enact same-sex marriage across all of 
Argentina was approved on July 15, 2010.
Brazil
A law that would allow same-sex civil unions throughout 
the	 nation	 has	 been	 debated.	 Until	 the	 end	 of	 the	 first	
semester of 2010 the Supremo Tribunal Federal had not 
decided about it.
Colombia
The Colombian Constitutional Court ruled in February 
2007 that same-sex couples are entitled to the same 
inheritance rights as heterosexuals in common-law 
marriages.	 This	 ruling	 made	 Colombia	 the	 first	 South	
American nation to legally recognize gay couples. 
Furthermore, in January 2009, the Court ruled that same-
sex	 couples	must	 be	 extended	 all	 of	 the	 rights	 offered	 to	
cohabitating heterosexual couples.
Ecuador
The Ecuadorian new constitution has made Ecuador 
stand	out	in	the	region.	Ecuador	has	become	the	first	country	
in South America where same sex civil union couples are 
legally recognized as a family and share the same rights of 
married heterosexual couples.
Uruguay
Uruguay	 became	 the	 first	 country	 in	 South	 America	
to allow civil unions (for both opposite-sex and same-sex 
couples) in a national platform on January 1, 2008. Children 
can be adopted by same-sex couples since 2009.
Disponível em: en.wikipedia.org (adapted). 
Segundo o texto acima, 
 a Colômbia foi a última nação sul-americana a aprovar a 
união civil de casais hétero ou homossexuais. 
 a Argentina foi a segunda nação sul-americana a 
reconhecer os direitos dos casais do mesmo sexo. 
 o Equador foi o país sul-americano que menos 
se empenhou para reconhecer os direitos dos 
homossexuais. 
 o Uruguai foi o primeiro país sul-americano a aprovar 
uniões civis de casais hétero e homossexuais. 
 o Brasil não tem demonstrado nenhum interesse no 
reconhecimento dos direitos dos casais homossexuais. 
QUESTÃO 05
Drink till you drop
A magic elixir is shown to promote weight loss
CONSUME more water and you will become much 
healthier, goes an old wives’ tale. Drink a glass of water 
before meals and you will eat less, goes another. Such 
prescriptions seem sensible, but they have little rigorous 
science to back them up.
Until now, that is. A team led by Brenda Davy of Virginia 
Tech	has	run	the	first	randomized	controlled	trial	studying	the	
link between water consumption and weight loss. A report 
on the 12-week trial, published earlier this year, suggested 
that drinking water before meals does lead to weight loss. At 
a meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston this 
week, Dr Davy unveiled the results of a year-long follow-up 
study	that	confirms	and	expands	that	finding.
The researchers divided 48 inactive Americans, aged 55 
to 75, into two groups. Members of one were told to drink 
half a litre of water (a bit more than an American pint) shortly 
before each of there daily meals. The others were given no 
instructions on what to drink. Before the trial, all participants 
had been consuming between 1,800 and 2,200 calories a 
day. When it began, the women’s daily rations were slashed 
to 1,200 calories, while the men were allowed 1,500. After 
three months the group that drank water before meals had 
lost about 7kg (151/2lb) each, whereas those in the thirsty 
group lost only 5kg.
Dr Davy condidently bats away some obvious doubts 
about the results. There is no selection bias, she observes, 
since this is a randomized trial. It is possible that the water 
displaced sugary drinks in the hydrated group, but this does 
not explain the weight loss because the calories associated 
with	any	fizzy	drinks	consumed	by	the	other	group	had	to	fall	
within the daily limits.
Moreover,	 the	 effect	 seems	 to	 be	 long-lasting.	 In	 the	
subsequent 12 months the participants have been allowed to 
eat and drink what they like. Those told to drink water during 
the trial have, however, stuck with the habit-apparently they 
like it. Strikingly, they have continued to lose weight (around 
700g over the year), whereas the other participants have put 
it back on.
Why this works is obscure. But work it does. It’s cheap. 
It’s simple. And unlike so much dietary advice, it seems to be 
enjoyable too.
The Economist, August 28th – 3rd September, 2010. 
A pesquisa americana, comentada no texto, sugere que 
 beber água em jejum ajuda a emagrecer. 
 beber água durante as refeições engorda. 
 beber água antes das refeições ajuda a emagrecer. 
 beber água depois das refeições engorda. 
 beber água nos intervalos das refeições ajuda a emagrecer.