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CADERNO DE PROVAS PROVAS PARA O INGRESSO NA ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2009 A 2016 INGLÊS 2 Read the text below and answer questions 01 to 03. Biotechnology Biotechnology is one of the new professional courses of studies offered by universities. Biotechnology uses chemical and biological knowledge and the knowledge of new technologies in the areas of healthcare, food, chemistry, and the environment. Biotechnology graduates are multidisciplinary professionals. They study biology, chemistry, physics, statistics, and information technology. In the area of microbiology, these professionals study fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa and the diseases that they cause in plants, animals, and human beings. They research the methods to use such microorganisms in the production of foods and beverages, such as dairy products, beer, and wine. The biotechnologist specializing in immunology uses the microorganisms in the production of vaccines and kits for diagnosis. In the food and pharmaceutical industries, they control microbial growth, safety, and hygiene at the workplace. They work in research for the development of new pharmaceutical drugs. They also work in the environment area, to evaluate and prevent water and soil contamination. (Challenge – Richmond) 01 - The text shows that I. the one who studies Biotechnology is able to recognize different studies of health, cooking and chemistry among others. II. the study of this subject is a new area the universities are offering. III. technology involves multiple studies in biotechnology area. IV. the environment is actually a new version of the biotechnology study. The correct options considering the statements are only a) I and II. c) I, II and III. b) III and IV. d) I, II and IV. 02 - The one who graduates in biotechnology a) can acquire the knowledge to several professions and also carry out researches. b) will be able to prescribe and it’s quite likely that he/she can produce forms of organic stuff. c) shall develop the capacity of producing microorganisms. d) is able to diagnose, predict and sabotage diseases. 03 - The only one matter that is NOT mentioned in the text is a) drinks. c) different professions. b) some subjects. d) illnesses. Upside Down Who’s to say What’s impossible Well they forgot This world keeps spinning And with each new day I can feel a change in everything And as the surface breaks reflections fade But in some ways they remain the same And as my mind begins to spread its wings There’s no stopping curiosity (Jack Johnson) 04 - Mark the right definition for the title of the lyrics above. a) To cause something to change completely and in a bad way. b) To be friendly with someone, especially because they can help you. c) When you cause something to move in a circle round a fixed point. d) Having the part which is usually at the top turned to be at the bottom. 05 - In the lyrics the author affirms that a) people have forgotten their past. b) although this world spins things do not change at all. c) the surface of the earth reflects some lofty ideals. d) everything is moving and he’s not interested in knowing it. Read the text below to answer questions 06 to 08. The Car Washer Who Became An Executive 5 10 15 20 Robert L. Johnson is the CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of BET. Black Entertainment Television, a cable TV channel in the United States, BET specializes in producing programs for the African-American community. Read what this successful executive says about his first job. “I ________ in Freeport, Illinois. My first job was at the local carwash. I ________ sixteen years old. I ________ every day, all summer, for a dollar an hour. I worked with ten other guys. All of us ________from different racial, religious and economic backgrounds. We had to clean cars in teams, and we quickly learned to work together. I learned the better way to become indispensable: you know how to do all aspects of your job. At the carwash, ‘all aspects’ included vacuuming the interior, scrubbing whitewalls and polishing chrome until it shined. Sixteen years later, when I started my own business, I again had to know how to do every job in the company – advertising, marketing, producing and negotiation contracts. Working at the carwash taught me that there is a direct connection between work and a feeling of self-esteem. Young people who refuse jobs that they consider inferior or low-paying are only hurting themselves. As long as you do your best, every job is a learning experience and a step to a better job.” (Adapted from Reader’s Digest, January, 1999) 06 - Mark the option that completes the gaps respectively. a) woke up / were / came back / came b) was born / had / traveled / got c) grew up / was / worked / were d) lived / got / tried / lived 07 - Mark the option which ISN’T applied correctly in the text. a) the better (line 13) c) themselves (line 23) b) of your (line 14) d) a better (line 24) 08 - Another way to write the sentence “BET specializes in producing programs for the African-American community” (lines 3 and 4), is a) the African-American community is specialized in producing programs by BET. b) programs are specialized for the African-American community by BET. c) producing programs is a specialization for the African-American community in BET. d) BET is specialized in producing The African-American community. Read the cartoon and answer questions 09 and 10 according to it. Taken from www.snoopy.com 2009 3 09 - When Charlie Brown was asked by Lucy he a) mocked himself. b) clamoured for Lucy. c) threated the idea. d) repelled her speech. 10 - The cartoons also show that Charlie Brown a) didn’t hear her advice. b) was speaking in a hypothetical way of having the very same life. c) argued with Lucy and went away. d) not even replied. Questions 11 to 14 are related to the following text. Dealing with Sensitive Materials on the Internet 5 10 15 20 25 With the emergency of user-friendly online systems, the World Wide Web and its introduction into the classroom, more and more children are taking advantage of the power of the internet. However, it remains largely an adult forum, and so it carries with it adult subject matter. Does it raise the question of what __________ when adult topics and a child’s naive explorations meet? The debate has raised not only questions of obscenity, harassment, free speech, and censorship, but also of government control of the Internet, and its very nature as a communications resource. Whatever the outcome of this war is, it will set a precedent for how society and government deal with the exchange of information in the future. Is the internet a free forum for discussion or is it a broadcasting service and therefore subject to the same restrictions as television, print, or radio? Are to internet communications on the right privacy covered by the, or can e-mail messages be legally observedH? Are web pages free speech or are some subjects taboo on the internet because a child may stumble upon them? And who is responsible for internet content in a communications medium where traditional publishing scenarios no longer apply and content can be posted anonymously? For people who wish to control or limit the use of the internet, the issue of children and pornography has been a valuable tool for gaining public support. The key is to find a solution to protect our children while at the same time, avoid setting up a climate of control that will limit our rights as adults. (Adapted from Framework Level 3 – Richmond)better at organizing things. Now data analytics and self-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern- recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service. One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caring for other humans. In this light, automation doesn't make the world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunities 70 75 for human creativity. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact that some industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades doesn't guarantee that they'll be safe for the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier. We don't really have a clue. (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtaking- american-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant – a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble – to make something by joining separate parts to creep – to move slowly, quietly and carefully 33 - One of the purposes of the text is to show that a) machines are as effective at reaching decisions as we are. b) some easy tasks are much more difficult to a machine. c) automated activities are the most questionable ones to be done by robots. d) human beings are getting worse and worse at performing robot’s tasks. 34 - According to the first paragraph, robots can be _____ by many names. a) called c) examined b) invented d) protected 35 - The expression “wave of computer progress” (lines 18 and 19) has the same idea as a) increase of social skills. b) reduction of skilled machine. c) technology advances. d) social-intelligence moat. 36 - In the sentence “Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copied a savant infant [...]” the pronoun “who” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by a) which. c) what. b) whose. d) that. 37 - According to paragraph 5, managers are a) at risk of losing their jobs. b) professionals that need to have social skills. c) paid to do manual work. d) subjected to automation. 38 - Mark the option closest in meaning to “We don't really have a clue” (line 78). a) We're completely unable to guess what will happen. b) People are prepared for hard times in the future. c) We're not trying to find out what the right thing to do is. d) We won't have a chance in the future. 2015 21 39 - In the sentence “for the last three decades” (lines 73 and 74), the underlined item was used in the same way as in a) “[...] killing jobs — from tailors to paralegals — for centuries.” (lines 6 and 7) b) “[...] people responsible for our safety [...]” (line 25) c) “[...] caring for other humans.” (lines 66 and 67) d) “[...] opportunities for human creativity.” (lines 68 and 69) 40 - Mark the option that contains an adjective in the same form as in “The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers [...]” (lines 62 and 63). a) “The truth is scarier.” (lines 77 and 78) b) “[...] the least likely to be automated.” (lines 26 and 27) c) “Where do machines work better than people?” (line 11) d) “Tractors are more powerful than farmers.” (lines 11 and 12) Directions: Answer questions 41 to 48 according to TEXT II. TEXT II JOBS OF THE FUTURE “There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who holds the job.” – George W. Crane 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 One of my primary complaints with higher education is that they tend to prepare students for jobs of the past. Similarly, the best paying jobs of the future are all jobs that currently exist today. Many of them will still exist in the future, but with some changes as technology and communication systems make their impact. As a rule of thumb, 60% of the jobs 10 years from now haven’t been invented yet. With that in mind, I’ve decided to put together a list of some jobs that will be in high demand in the future. Jobs before 2020 Many of the changes we see today will cause new jobs to materialize quickly. This first section deals with new positions that will likely be developed within the next 10 years. 3D printing engineers – Classes in 3D printing are already being introduced into high schools and the demand for printer-produced products will rise quickly. The trend will be for these worker-less workshops to enter virtually different fields, at the same time, driving the need for competent technicians and engineers to design and maintain the next wave of this technology. Nano-medics – Health professionals capable of working on the nano-level, both in designing diagnostics systems, remedies, and monitoring solutions will be in high demand. Organ agents – The demand for transplantable organs is exploding and people who can track down and deliver healthy organs will be in hot demand. Octogenarian service providers – As the population continues to age we will have record numbers of people living into their 80s, 90s, and 100s. This growing group of active oldsters will provide a demand for goods and services currently not being addressed in today’s marketplace. 40 45 50 55 60 65 Jobs in 2030 and beyond A number of technologies currently on the drawing board will require a bit longer lead time before the industry comes into its own. Here are a few examples of these kinds of jobs: Body part & limb makers – The organ agents listed before will quickly find themselves out of work as soon as we figure out how to efficiently grow and mass produce our own organs from scratch. Earthquake forecasters – While scientists are developing skills to work with nanoscale precision on the earth’s surface, the best we can know about below the surface is blindfolded guesswork done with 100-mile precision. What we don’t know is literally killing us – over 226,000 killed in 2010 alone. But that will change over time as we begin to understand the inner working of the earth and accurately forecast when the next big quakes are about to hit. “Heavy air” engineers – Compressed air is useful in a wide variety of ways. However, we have yet to figure out how to compress streams of air as they pass through our existing atmosphere. Once we do, it will create untold opportunity for non-surface based housing and transportation system, weather control, and other kinds of experimentation. Final thoughts The jobs and occupations listed above are just scratching the surface. This list is intended to help stretch your imagination and start you down a path of imagining your own future. (Adapted from http://www.futuristspeaker.com/2011/11/55-jobs-of-the-future) 41 - Read the statements and mark the right option. I. Universities and colleges prepare students for jobs that already exist. II. All jobs of the future will be better paid than today's jobs. III. The majority of future jobs are still unknown. The correct statement(s) is (are) a) I, II and III. c) III. b) II. d) I and III. 42 - The text's main goal is to a) force some jobs out of the marketplace. b) call people's attention to future professional opportunities. c) increase the number of educated people in high school. d) create careers for people who predict the future. 43 - Mark the INCORRECT alternative. a) Some professionals of the future will have to deal with environmental issues. b) In the future, old people will need services that have not been given attention yet. c) Changes in the worldtoday will stimulate the creation of new jobs. d) Technology and communication won't affect existing jobs. 44 - “Many of them will still exist in the future, but with some changes as technology and communication systems make their impact.” The underlined word (line 4) refers to a) primary complaints. c) jobs. b) students. d) changes. 2015 22 45 - “This first section deals with new positions that will likely be developed within the next 10 years.” The underlined word (line 15) is closest in meaning to a) never. c) mainly. b) exactly. d) probably. 46 - All the following verbs are used in the text in their literal meaning, EXCEPT a) rise (line 19). c) age (line 32). b) explode (line 29). d) kill (line 51). 47 - “The jobs and occupations listed above are just scratching the surface.” (lines 64 and 65) This sentence means that a) occupations listed in the text are not really interesting for young workers. b) the jobs' reality relies much upon the possibility one has to work. c) new jobs and occupations are becoming real as time goes by. d) if you work with surface professions, there's a great possibility of success. 48 - “There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who holds the job.” – George W. Crane. Crane's quotation in the indirect speech is best shown in a) Crane asked if there is future in any job. The future lay in the person who will hold the job. b) Crane said there will be no future in any job. The future lay in the person who holds the job. c) Crane says there is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who held the job. d) Crane said that there was no future in any job. He also added that the future lay in the person who held the job. 2015 23 Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text. TEXT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even more. There are also those people who are just friends and also arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is, even though they are your friend, the relationship between a best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of arch- enemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can easily contrast them from one another. Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although a wide range of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of “friend”. These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by full first name plus their patronymic. These could include relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing, or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a social drink with. Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships, while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most standards, but still respect each other regardless of their attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships. According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of close friendships since at least 1985. The study’s results state that twenty-five percent of Americans have no close confidants, and the average total number of confidants per citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study, Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from fifty- seven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine percent. Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships, especially in quality, and psychological and physiological regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity. In the intervening period between the end of early childhood and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most important relationships in the emotional life of the 70 75 80 85 90 95 adolescent, and are often more intense than relationships experienced later in life. Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study performed by researchers from Purdue University found that post-secondary-education friendships, college and university last longer than the friendships before it. Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths and weaknesses. There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles; Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed; Good friends enhance their friend’s coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health. Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and arch- enemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives. (Adapted from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/the- relationship-between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophy- essay.php) 33 - “In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of ‘friend’ ” (lines 23-24) means that a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend. b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia. c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful. d) the status of “friend” in Russia shows how much one is respected. 34 - Mark the option that shows the same meaning as in “Americans have no close confidants” (line 52). a) Americans do have not any close confidants. b) Americans not have any closeconfidants. c) Americans haven't any close confidants. d) Americans do not have any close confidants. 35 - The first paragraph a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends. b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends. c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works. d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart. 36 - “Socially crippling conditions” (line 78) refers to a) college and university atmosphere. b) Asperger and autism children. c) post-secondary-education friendships. d) researchers and friends. 2016 24 37 - Mark the option that is closest in meaning to “Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people” (lines 70-71). a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people. b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people. c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people. d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people. 38 - Mark the option which shows the same meaning as in “Americans' dependence on family” (lines 54-55). a) The family's dependence on Americans'. b) The Americans family dependence. c) The Americans dependence of family's. d) The dependence of Americans on family. 39 - According to the last paragraph a) every human being is the same in many ways. b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life. c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together. d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them. 40 - According to the information in the fourth and fifth paragraphs a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity. b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse. c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia. d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards. 41 - “This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however” (lines 80-81). The option that replaces the highlighted expression is a) so. c) thus. b) though. d) most likely. 42 - Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sentence: “The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17 to 19). The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology ______________ the study of friendship. a) Include c) are including b) have included d) have been including 43 - Choose the option which shows the same kind of comparison in the underlined adjective in “friendship is considered to be closer than association” (lines 13-14). a) Americans have no best friends. b) While less restricted in Russia. c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship. d) Everyone has at least one best friend. 44 - “Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives” (lines 95-96). The option that contains a synonym for the underlined expression is a) nevertheless. c) therefore. b) due to. d) although. 45 - Choose the option that shows the sentence “good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88) in the indirect speech form. a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services. b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services. c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services. d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services. 46 - “Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (lines 88 to 90). The highlighted word has the same meaning as in a) engrave. c) enlighten. b) entreat. d) enlist. 47 - The expression “coping skills” (line 89) is closest in meaning to a) the capability to give up something. b) the ability to manage something. c) the position to resent something. d) the condition to resign from something. 48 - In the sentence “there is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85), it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in a) when. c) whom. b) how. d) which. RASCUNHO 2016 5 QUESTÃO RESPOSTA 01 A 02 A 03 C 04 D 05 B 06 C 07 A 08 ANULADA 09 D 10 D 11 B 12 D 13 D 14 B 15 B 16 C 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 ANULADA 21 A 22 C 23 ANULADA 24 B 25 ANULADA 2010 QUESTÃO RESPOSTA 01 B 02 B 03 A 04 B 05 C 06 C 07 A 08 C 09 B 10 C 11 A 12 A 13 C 14 D 15 B 16 D 17 A 18 C 19 A 20 B 2009 2011 QUESTÃO RESPOSTA 01 B 02 B 03 D 04 D 05 A 06 C 07 B 08 D 09 A 10 B 11 D 12 C 13 A 14 D 15 C 16 D 17 ANULADA 18 B 19 C 20 A 2012 QQQQUUUUEEEESSSSTTTTÃÃÃÃOOOO RRRREEEESSSSPPPPOOOOSSSSTTTTAAAA 21 D 22 C 23 B 24 A 25 D 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 C 30 B 31 C 32 D 33 C 34 A 35 B 36 A 37 B 38 D 39 A 40 D 2013 QQQQUUUUEEEESSSSTTTTÃÃÃÃOOOO RRRREEEESSSSPPPPOOOOSSSSTTTTAAAA 61 A 62 B 63 B 64 D 65 A 66 C 67 D 68 A 69 A 70 B 71 C 72 C 73 B 74 A 75 C 76 B 77 B 78 D 79 C 80 C 2014 QQQQUUUUEEEESSSSTTTTÃÃÃÃOOOO RRRREEEESSSSPPPPOOOOSSSSTTTTAAAA 33 B 34 A 35 D 36 C 37 D 38 D 39 C 40 D 41 D 42 B 43 C 44 A 45 C 46 B 47 B 48 A 2015 33 B 34 A 35 C 36 D 37 B 38 A 39 A 40 B 41 D 42 B 43 D 44 C 45 D 46 B 47 C 48 D 2016 33 D 34 D 35 C 36 B 37 A 38 D 39 D 40 C 41 B 42 A 43 C 44 A 45 D 46 C 47 B 48 D11 - Complete the gap (line 6) with the right verbal tense. a) does happen c) do happen b) happens d) happen 12 - The underlined question (lines 16 and 17) has been mixed up. Put the words in the right order according to the context. a) Are the internet to communications covered on by the right privacy? b) Are the right by privacy to communications on the internet covered? c) Are the internet covered on privacy by the right to communications? d) Are communications on the internet covered by the right to privacy? 13 - Mark the correct question to the answer below extracted from the text. “The debate” (line 7) a) Which subject has explored children? b) Which topic protected children from the argument of the text? c) What matter is trying to control the use of internet by children? d) What has raised questions of obscenity, harassment, etc? 14 - Comparing the pieces of content the internet provides, it may be said that a) there are more childish articles than grown up ones. b) there isn’t any solution to control our kids in the internet without limiting ourselves. c) children have to surf the internet less than adult. d) the adult’s content provides much more useful information. Warning: Flying is bad for your health 5 10 15 20 Flying is the safest way to travelHor is it? Some doctors think the airplane is a dangerous place, especially for the old or the unhealthy. Although the airplane is pressurized, there is less oxygen than on the ground. So anyone who has had a heart attack should not try for at least two weeks after the attack. After an operation, you should stay on the ground for at least ten days. Sitting on a plane for many hours – especially in economy class where there isn’t very much leg room – gives everyone aches and pain, so you should get some exercise, especially on long flights. Flying also causes dehydration. If you drink or eat too much, you’ll wake up feeling sick. Everyone needs to drink more in the air, but you shouldn’t drink alcohol because it makes you even more thirsty. The most common problem is jet lag. You should change to your new time zone as soon as possible, and you shouldn’t sleep if it’s still daylight. Crowded airports, long lines, and delays cause stress and high blood pressure. So, be careful! Flying is the safest way to travel, but is it the healthiest? (Move Up, Heinemann ) 15 - According to the text it’s correct to affirm that a) unhealthy people shouldn’t travel by planes. b) even being safe flying might bring some disorders on one’s body. c) people who prefer planes mustn’t have health problems. d) flying can cause heart attacks. 16 - Aches and pain (line 10) a) are caused due to economy classes. b) should change your health. c) might be results of long hours without stretching the legs. d) show passengers they have to exercise before sitting on a plane. 17 - From the text it’s also possible to get a) pieces of advice before taking a flight. b) rules of flying a safe plane. c) zones of dangerous in a route. d) healthier ways of flying. Answer questions 18 and 19 after reading the paragraph below. 5 Americans are well-known for being friendly. If we’re taking a walk in the park and we pass someone, we usually say a few words to people in stores, bars and banks. But remember: friendliness is not friendship; it’s politeness. In the United States, it’s just as hard to make real friends as it is anywhere else. ( Move Up - Heinemann ) 18 - In the statement, “Hwe usually say a few words to people in storesH” (lines 2 and 3) the underlined words may be understood as a) many words could be spoken by people in stores. b) some words can be said by us. c) lots of words are used to say people about us. d) a small number of words are said by people in stores. 19 - The sentence, “In the United States it’s just hard to make real friends as it is anywhere else” (lines 5 and 6), means a) making friends for them is something they aren’t able to do. b) although difficult, real friends is something we have to fight for finding in America. c) only in the United States people can’t find easily real friends. d) Americans show to the rest of the world how easy relationship is in their country. 2009 4 Read the following opinions from two children, Chelsea and Eryn (both aged 8) and then answer questions 20 and 21 related to them. Is there future for us? Chelsea: The biggest problem with the environment is the ozone layer there’s a hole, and it’s getting bigger. It’s made by cars and airplanes – things which give off fumes. Eryn: The ozone layer’s like a piece of paper covering a rock. It’s supposed to protect us. I’m scared the hole will get bigger and move around the world and people will get cancer. Chelsea: We could get tandems, and longer bikes, so children could ride on the back. Cars should be very, very expensive. Eryn: You also get bad pollution from burning down the rainforest. We should give money to poor people in Africa and places. Chelsea: We should spread out the people evenly. We could say, “Put your hands up all those who want to live in Africa”. And then we could spread out the food. There’s enough to go around. Eryn: We use up far more of the earth than people in Africa so it’s a good idea for the whole world to discuss the environment. (Move up – Heinemann) 20 - Both Chelsea and Eryn think that we should a) not to burn a lot of fuel. b) let poor people spread out the food. c) burn down rain forests. d) clean rivers and farmlands. 21 - Chelsea and Eryn want to show us that in the future a) the population of the whole world will get bigger and face tough situations. b) rainforests will be burnt and life can get better in the planet. c) fumes and the ozone layer might spread out. d) bikes and cars could be more expensive in order to reduce pollution. The Reluctant Learner 5 10 My friend Tom is one of those six-to-midnight, enthusiastic, determined, and well-mentioned studiers. At six o’clock he approaches his desk, and carefully organizes everything in preparation for the study period to follow. Having everything in place, he next carefully adjusts each item again, giving him time to think up the first excuse; he recalls that in the morning he did not have quite enough time to read all the items of interest in the newspaper. He also realizes distractions completely out of the way before setting down to the task at hand. (Skyline 5 – Macmillan) 22 - The sentence, “Hhe recalls that in the morning he did not have quite enough time to read all the items of interest in the newspaper” (lines 6, 7 and 8) shows us how Tom a) returns home in order to read the newspaper later. b) complains about his needs of having more time to read. c) remembers his lack of time in doing things. d) assumes how organized he is every time he reads the news. 23 - “He also realizes that if he is going to study it is better to have such distractions completely out of the way before setting down to the task at hand.” (lines 8, 9 and 10) The underlined word can be replaced by a) understands c) hopes b) learns d) thinks Read the following paragraph and then answer questions 24 and 25 according to it. “The Kremlin hoping a young strongman can preserve its brutal victory in Chechnya.” (Newsweek, September, 2006) 24 - The underlined verbs is a (an) a) regular one and means permission. b) modal giving an idea of ability. c) defective verb which expresses possibility. d) irregular form followed by an infinitive. 25 - Mark the alternative that completes the blanks of the statement below. The word its is a (an) ___________pronoun and refers to ____________. a) personal / young strong man b) reflexive / Chechnya c) possessive adjective / The Kremlin hoping d) objective / victory 2009 52010 62010 7 Read the text and answer questions 01 and 02 according to it. When football _____ professional in South Africa in 1959, 12 clubs broke from the amateur ranks. However, in the strict days of Apartheid, these pioneers _____ whites-only organizations and _____ today, all but a few, defunct. One of the survivors is Arcadia from Tshwane/ Pretoria, an outfit that today competes in the amateur ranks and concentrates on junior football. http://www.fifa.com/worldcup 01 - Mark the alternative which completes the gaps from the text correctly. a) had gone – have been – were b) went – were – are c) have been – have been – would be d) was – had been – will be 02 - The text affirms that a) days of Apartheid were extinguished as well as the prejudice against black football players. b) the pioneers of profession football in South Africa were basically white. c) there are no more organizations (professional or amateur) like the ones from the past. d) in early 50’s in South Africa there weren’t amateur football clubs anymore. Adapted from www.google.com 03 - According to the cartoon, FIFA a) pretends to improve the world. b) mustn’t be considered an empire. c) wants to have control over the Roman, Genghis Khan’s, and British Empires. d) has more ambitious purposes than the others. Read the text about the South Africans and answer questions 04 to 06. Many South Africans remain poor and unemployment is high − a factor blamed for a wave of violent attacks against migrant workers from other African countries in 2008 and protests by township residents over poor living conditions during the summer of 2009. Land redistribution is a crucial problem that continues existing. Most farmland is still white-owned. ________ land acquisition on a "willing buyer, willing seller" basis, officials have signaled that large-scale expropriations are on the cards. The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1071886.stm 04 - Mark the alternative that completes the gap with the correct verbal tense. a) Have c) Had b) Has d) Having 05 - According to the text, a) a large number of Africans continue to live under bad condition. b) Africans are highly improving their quality of life. c) unemployed South Africans migrate to other countries. d) violence is everywhere in Africa. 06 - Mark the correct question to the answer below. “The government aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014.” a) Who transferred 30% of farmland? b) Why did the government transfer 30% of farmland? c) What does the government want to do? d) Where does the government purchase part of the farmland? Answer questions 07 and 08 according to the text below. South Africa has the second-highest number of HIV/Aids patients in the world. Around one in seven of its citizens is infected with HIV. Free anti-retroviral drugs are available under a state-funded scheme. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1071886.stm 07 - It’s correct to say that a) there are seven people infected by HIV/Aids in each different city of South Africa. b) among seven inhabitants from South Africa at least one is infected by HIV/Aids. c) one person per city is infected by HIV/Aids in South Africa. d) almost seven people are infected by HIV/Aids in each city of South Africa. 2011 8 08 - The free anti-retroviral drugs a) must be bought. b) cannot be brought to the citizens. c) are not allowed to be obtained. d) can be acquired freely. The Lion King 05 10 15 This article is about Disney's 1994 film. The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation. Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures, it is the 32nd film in the Walt Disney Animated Classics. The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet, takes place in a kingdom of anthropomorphic animals in Africa. The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo. The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history and belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The Lion King is the highest grossing 2D animated film of all time in the United States, and received positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. During its release in 1994, the film grossed more than $783 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released that year, and it is currently the twenty-eighth highest-grossing feature film. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion_King GLOSSARY: Feature film – a film that is 90 or more minutes long Gross – total Release – make public Praise – show approval 09 - Read the sentences below extracted from the text and mark the alternative that has the only ones in the Passive Voice. I. “The Lion King is a 1994 American animated feature produced by Walt Disney...” (lines 1,2) II. “Released to theaters on June 15, 1994 by Walt Disney Pictures.” (lines 2,3) III. “The story, which was influenced by the Bible stories of Joseph and Moses and the William Shakespeare play Hamlet...” (lines 4 to 6) IV. “The film was the highest grossing animated film of all time until the release of Finding Nemo.” (lines 8, 9) a) I and III. c) III and II. b) II and IV. d) IV and I. 10 - The sentences below taken from the text were changed into Indirect Speech. Mark the one that was changed correctly. a) The author quoted that the film is being the highest grossing animated film of all time. (lines 8, 9) b) The text mentioned that The Lion King still held the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history. (lines 9,10, 11) c) The text assumed that the movie was receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised the film for its music and story. (lines 14 to 16) d) The movie has been currently the twenty-eighth highest- grossing feature film. (lines 18, 19) 11 - “The Lion King still holds the record as the highest grossing traditionally animated film in history…” (lines 10, 11). It means that the movie a) is the best of all. b) even being good, it is also animated. c) was partially shot in a traditional way. d) was not surpassed by others in its category of animation. 12 - The pronoun “its” (line 15) refers to a) critics. c) the film. b) music and story. d) reviews. Read the fragment about traditional religions in Africa and answer questions 13 to 16. Religion ________ central to people's lives in Africa. Although the majority of Africans are now Muslim or Christian, traditional religions have endured and still play a big role. Religion runs like a thread through daily life, marked by prayers of gratitude in times of plenty and prayers of supplication in times of need. Religion confirms identity on the individual and the group. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica GLOSSARY: Endure – to continue to exist for a long time Thread – one part connecting with another 13 - Mark the alternative that completes the gap from the text correctly. a) has always been c) wasn’t b) had never been d) will be 14 - Mark the alternative that best replaces the word “although” from the second line of the text. a) But c) As long as b) However d) Even though 15 - Mark the correct option to complete the passage. The last sentence of the paragraph means that identity on the individual and the group _______ by religion. a) confirms c) is confirmed b) confirmed d) was confirmed 16 - After reading the text, mark the INCORRECT statement about religion in Africa. a) Religion is part of people’s lives. b) People pray to thankand to ask for help. c) It identifies both individuals and their communities. d) People’s life includes religion because of the variety of its beliefs. 2011 9 Did you know? ... some interesting facts about African Wildlife Four of the five fastest land animals live in Africa – the cheetah (70mph), wildebeest, lion and Thomson’s gazelle (all about 50 mph). Butterfly Having a wingspan of only 1/2”, the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa. It is known as the Dwarf Blue Butterfly. Chameleons Madagascar is the home of the world’s _________ as well as the _______ chameleons! Elephants The African elephant is the largest living land mammal. An elephant can weigh up to 6-7 tons and has no natural enemies for he is not a predator and there is no other animal large enough to challenge him. Did you know elephants drink up to 160 liters of water per day? An African elephant possesses such “manual” dexterity in his/her trunk tip that he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it. Fish The only place are found is in Lake Tanganyika. Giraffes Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be ______________ 45 cm? Giraffes are 6 ft tall when they are born. Penguins South Africa has a penguin colony, which thrives thanks to the cold Antarctic currents on the west coast near the Cape. Adapted from Google/ The African Guide GLOSSARY: Dexterity – the ability to perform a difficult action quickly with the hands. Trunk – an elephant’s nose. 17 - Choose the alternative containing the right adjectives to fill in the blanks, respectively. a) smaller than – big – less bigger b) larger than – the bigger – faster than c) largest – the smallest – as long as d) as small as – largest – the fastest 18 - The statement below shows another information about African wildlife. Read it and then choose the alternative to complete the gap. Fish The only place _______ are found is in Lake Tanganyika. a) what shoals of fresh water sardines b) where shoals of fresh water sardines c) when shoals of fresh water sardines d) Ø shoals of fresh water sardines Ø – Omission 19 - The sentence “the smallest butterfly in the world is found in South Africa. ” in the Active Voice becomes a) “People would find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.” b) “People found the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.” c) “People find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.” d) “People are going to find the smallest butterfly in the world in South Africa.” 20 - The sentence “…he/she can actually turn the pages of a book with it.” means that an African elephant a) is able to turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip. b) must turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip. c) may hardly turn pages of books with his/her trunk tip. d) might accidentally turn some pages of books with his/her trunk tip. 2011 10 Directions: Read the text and answer questions 21 to 23. Twilight Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film based ___ Stephenie Meyer’s popular novel of the same name. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen (a vampire), and the subsequent efforts of Cullen and his family to keep Swan safe ___ a coven of evil vampires. The project was in development for approximately 3 years ___ Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written. Principal photography took 44 days and the film was primarily shot in Oregon. Twilight was theatrically released ___ November 21 2010, grossing over US$392 million worldwide and became the most purchased DVD of the year. The soundtrack was released in the same year. Following the success of the film, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year. Adapted from Wikipedia 21 - Choose the correct prepositions to fill in the gaps above. a) of – off – at – in b) about – to – over – at c) under – for – off – in d) on – from – at – on 22 - The text DOESN’T mention that a) the movie changed a lot from its initial storyline. b) all the trilogy was established on stories with similar names. c) New Moon and Eclipse also became the most purchased DVDs in 2010. d) the principal character, Cullen, tried to maintain the girl away from others of his species. 23 - Considering the boldfaced adverb in the text, mark the sentence in which the underlined word has the function of an adverb. a) Laura seems to be such a lovely person! b) I won’t stay long, I promise. c) Chess isn’t a very fast game. d) Baseball is a hard game to understand. Directions: Read the lyrics and answer questions 24 to 26. Leave Out All The Rest (Linking Park) Soundtrack of Twilight I dreamed I was missing You were so scared But no one would listen ‘Cause no one else cared After my dreaming I woke with this fear What am I leaving When I’m done here [X] (Chorus) When my time comes Forget the wrong that I’ve done Help me leave behind some Reasons to be missed [X] Don’t be afraid I’ve taken my beating I’ve shared what I made [X] Pretending Someone else can come and save me from myself I can’t be who you are 24 - Read the chorus of the song and choose the correct alternative. The singer _____ _____ the wrong _____. a) asked / to forget / he’d done b) said / forget / I did c) advised / forgetting / I’ve done d) told / not to forget / they’ve done 25 - The line “I’ve shared what I made” is the answer to one question. Mark it. a) What did I share to make? b) Who made what I shared? c) How have I shared what I made? d) Who’s shared what I made? 26 - Observe the reflexive pronoun in italics (myself) and then read the sentences below. I. Just help yourself, won’t you? II. I hope the children behave themselves. III. The chef himself welcomes the customers to the restaurant. Considering the letters A (reflexive), B (emphatic) and C (idiomatic), match the sentences to the letters and choose the correct alternative. a) I (A) / II (A) / III (C) c) I (B) / II (A) / III (B) b) I (C) / II (C) / III (B) d) I (A) / II (B) / III (A) 2012 11 Read the texts below in order to answer questions 27 to 29 according to them. Titanic – The Movie Storyline In this fiction movie, 84 years later, a 100-year-old woman named Rose DeWitt Bukater tells the story to her granddaughter Lizzy Calvert and others about her life set on April 10th 1912, on a ship called Titanic when young Rose boards the departing ship with the upper-class passengers, her mother Ruth DeWitt Bukater, and her fiancé. Meanwhile, a drifter and artist named Jack Dawson and his best friend Fabrizio De Rossi win third-class tickets to the ship in a game. She explains the whole story from departure until the death of Titanic on its first and last voyage April 15th, 1912 at 2:20 in the morning. Adapted from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/ "My Heart Will Go On" is the love theme of the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic. It was recorded by Celine Dion. Originally released in 1997, it went to number 1 all over the world. It became Dion's biggest hit, and one of the best selling of all time, and was the world's best-selling single of 1998. Adapted from Wikipedia My Heart Will Go On (Celine Dion) Soundtrack of Titanic Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you, That is how I know you go on Far across the distance And spaces between us You have come to show you go on Near, far, wherever you are I believe that the heart does go on Once more you open the door And you're here in my heart And my heart will go on and on [X] http://www.stlyrics.com/lyrics/titanic/myheartwillgoon27 - After reading both Titanic storyline and soundtrack, we can conclude that a) Rose and Jack promised each other to be together. b) the couple was sure their love wouldn’t last forever. c) Rose and Jack boarded the same ship. d) Rose knew their dreams would come true. 28 - Rose DeWitt Bukater is the a) narrator. b) protagonist of the real Titanic tragedy. c) actress that starred this blockbuster. d) inspiration for Celine Dion theme song. 29 - In the 2nd verse of the last strophe the word “does” a) is only used as an auxiliary verb of a present tense. b) reinforces the word before it. c) emphasizes the verb after it. d) has the same meaning as the verb ‘to make’. Observe the cartoon and answer the question about it. www.cartoonstock.com 30 - The first boy a) has never intended to be a Rolling Stone. b) has never been a Rolling Stone, but wanted it had happened. c) has already been a Rolling Stone. d) hasn’t wished to be a Rolling Stone yet. Directions: Read the text and answer questions 31 to 35. How to Become a Stunt Double A stunt double stands in for the actor when the action or fight scene gets dangerous or goes beyond the capabilities of the actor. To become a stunt double, you must be in excellent physical condition and have special skills. Instructions 1. Exercise regularly if you want to become a stunt double. Eat nutritiously for optimal health and strength. 2. Take lots of lessons because the more skills you have, the better. Gymnastics is extremely important in becoming a stunt double. Get good at trampoline, skateboarding, swimming and high board diving. Take scuba diving lessons. Practice rock climbing and horseback riding. Learn to water ski and snow ski. 3. Enroll in martial arts classes, especially judo. Judo is excellent for learning how to break falls. 4. Get training in CPR(1) and First Aid. This training looks good on a résumé, especially for stunt double careers. Injuries happen. 5. Have valid driver's licenses for both car and motorcycle. Take advanced driving classes so you'll be qualified for difficult driving scenes. 6. Move to Hollywood and plan to work your way up from the bottom. You must get into the Screen Actors Guild(2) and have a union card(3). Taken from Google (1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (2) Annual prize promoted by the American Syndicate of Actors. (3) A card certifying membership in an organization. 2012 12 31 - After reading this text, we can deduce that it a) requests new stunt doubles. b) briefs about what people should do to start any career. c) recommends ways to deal with wounds and provides tips to be healthy to be a double. d) questions the problems stunt doubles usually have to face. 32 - After reading the first item of the instructions, mark the option that completes the gap in the converted sentence below. “If you want to become a stunt double you ________ exercise regularly.” a) had to c) could b) might d) must 33 - One of the instructions below IS NOT stated in the text. Choose it. In order to become a stunt double you a) must have specific qualification for driving. b) have to consume the necessary substances for your health. c) need to be a black belt in martial arts. d) have to show up in some specific surroundings. 34 - Look at the bold comparative form (item 2). Choose the option that contains a similar construction. a) The earlier we get there, the more likely we are to get good seats. b) More and more people travel to England. c) The smoothest Channel crossing you’ll ever have! Why not fly to France with British Airways? It’ll be the best decision you’ve ever made. d) Our new jets are now far more luxurious. 35 - In the article, the author DOES NOT a) advise future doubles to train in First Aid to face possible injuries. b) recommend to eat junky food. c) instruct and give tips for developing a lot of different abilities. d) mention that people should be qualified to join the career. Observe the fragment taken from the blues Blow Wind Blow (Muddy Waters, Paul Butterfield) to answer questions 36 to 38. When the sun rose this morning, I didn't have my baby by my side. When the sun rose this morning, I didn't have my baby by my side. I don't know where she was, I know she's out with some another guy. 36 - According to it, the author a) affirms he doesn’t have his lover with him. b) wishes she had another man. c) wants her back anyway. d) believes she will return that morning. 37 - The sentence “I don't know where she was” a) must have the order of its elements changed to be correct. b) is grammatically correct. c) should have the question word replaced by another one to be right. d) needs a question mark to be right. 38 - In the context of the song, the word “when” can be substituted for a) while. c) considering that. b) even though. d) by the time. Directions: Read the text and answer questions 39 and 40. Murderesses Velma Kelly (a woman who killed her husband and sister after finding them in bed together) and Roxie Hart (who killed her boyfriend when she discovered he wasn't going to make her a star) find themselves on death row together and fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows, in 1920s musical Chicago. Adapted from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299658/plotsummary 39 - Mark the most appropriate option. According to the plot summary, the musical Chicago shows a) criminals trying to be the best-known ones. b) women who were abandoned by their partners. c) the biography of the sisters Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart. d) the death row conditions in that city. 40 - The expression “ [X] the fame will keep them from the gallows [X]” means the fame a) is an opportunity for a better life in the death row. b) will go on. c) is what they wanted when they committed the crimes. d) could avoid an execution. 2012 13 TEXT I Read the text below to answer questions 61 to 70 according to it. BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 AFA (Air Force Academy), located at Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, is responsible for the training of Pilots, Administrative and Aeronautics Infantry Officers for the Brazilian Air Force. The history of the Brazilian military pilots schools goes back to 1913, when the Brazilian Aviation School was founded, at Campo dos Afonsos, State of Rio de Janeiro. Its mission was to provide instruction at similar levels to those of the best European schools at the time; Blériot and Farman aircraft, made in France, were available for the instruction of the pupils. The Great War 1914-1918, however, forced its instructors to leave and the school was closed. At that time, both the Brazilian Army and Navy had their own air arms, the Military Aviation and the Naval Aviation. The Navy bought Curtiss F seaplanes in May 1916 to equip the latter, and in August of the same year, the Naval Aviation School was created. The Military Aviation, however, only activated its Military Aviation School after the Great War, on 10 July 1919. Among the aircrafts used at the school, one could find the Sopwith 1A2, Bréguet 14A2, and Spad 7. Until the beginning of the 1940s, both schools continued with their activities. The Brazilian Government was concerned with the air war in Europe and decided to concentrate under a single command the military aviation activities. Thus, on 20 January 1941, the Air Ministry was created and both the Army and Navy air arms were disbanded, their personnel and equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force. On 25 March 1941, the Aeronautics School was based atCampo dos Afonsos, and its students became known as Aeronautics Cadets from 1943 to the current days. As early as 1942, it became clear that the Aeronautics School would need to be transferred to another place, offering better climate and little interference with the flight instruction of the future pilots. The town of Pirassununga was chosen among others, and, in 1952, the first buildings construction was initiated. The transfer of the School activities to Pirassununga occurred from 1960 to 1971. The School was redesigned as the Air Force Academy in 1969. The motto of the Academy is the Latin expression “Macte Animo! Generose Puer, sic itur ad astra”, extracted from the poem Thebaida, by the Roman poet Tatius. It is an exhortation to the cadets, which can be translated as Courage! This is the way, oh noble youngster, to the stars. The instruction of the Aeronautics Cadets, during the four-year-long course, has its activities centred in the words COURAGE - LOYALTY - HONOUR - DUTY - MOTHERLAND. The future officers take courses on several subjects, including Calculus, Computer Science, Mechanics, Portuguese and English, given by civilian lecturers, Air Force instructors and supervisors. The military instruction itself is given on a daily basis, and the Cadets are trained on different subjects, including parachuting, and sea and jungle survival. 60 65 70 75 80 Flight instruction at the Academy with T-27 Tucano aircraft. According to the chosen specialization, the Cadet will receive specific instruction: Pilots: Instruction on precision maneuvering, aerobatics, formation flying and by instruments, with 75 flying hours on the primary/basic training aircraft T-25 Universal, beginning on the 2nd term of the 1st year and completed in the 3rd year. Advanced training is given on T-27 Tucano aircraft, with 125 flying hours. Administrative: Training on the scientific and technological modern foundations of economics and financial management, and logistics training. Aeronautics Infantry: Instruction on defense and security techniques of military Aeronautics installations, anti-aircraft measures, command of troops and fire- fighting teams, military laws and regulations, armament usage, military service and call-up procedures. During their leisure time, the Cadets participate on the activities of seven different clubs: Aeromodelling, Literature, Informatics, Firearms shooting, Gauchos Heritage (for those coming from the South of Brazil), Gerais Club and Sail Flying. The clubs are directed by the Cadets themselves, under supervision of Air Force officers. The Academy also houses the Brazilian Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron - The Smoke Squadron. Flying as the eagles do! Adapted from http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/afa.html 61 - Mark the option that is related to the Air Force Academy. a) Cadets are prepared at AFA to perform in different areas. b) The Air Force Academy trains the Army to administer the Brazilian officers. c) The Academy instructs the Aeronautics Brazilian officers to manage our country. d) The Brazilian Aviation School forced AFA’s instructors to abandon their military base, creating a new command. 62 - Read the statements in order to mark only the correct ones according to the text. I. The military aviation work had to be controlled by Europe in the beginning of the 1940s because of a war. II. Because of a war, the government resolved to unify the military aviation operation under a single command. III. A single officer was chosen to concentrate the military aviation skills. IV. As the Brazilian government got worried, it was decided to join the military aviation operations due to air European war. a) III and I. c) I, II and III. b) II and IV. d) II, III and IV. 2013 14 63 - The last sentence from the text connotes a a) way to celebrate the importance of The Brazilian military schools. b) metaphor that describes the similarity among pilots, aircrafts and wings. c) comparison between a myth and a hero. d) reference to ancient airplanes. 64 - Mark the alternative that has the fragment from the text INCORRECTLY changed into Active Voice. a) The air war in Europe concerned The Brazilian Government. (lines 24, 25) b) Someone chose the town of Pirassununga among others. (lines 38, 39) c) Somebody redesigned the School as the Air Force Academy. (lines 41, 42) d) The officers trained the Cadets on different subjects. (lines 56, 57) 65 - We can infer from the text that among the different specializations a) the future Pilot has to be trained for hours before becoming skilful. b) the pilot should follow instructions on security techniques and deal with anti-aircraft measures more than the Aeronautics Infantry. c) the Administrative Officer might have the most advanced training on aircraft of all. d) Aeronautics Infantry and Pilots ought to obtain more and more instructions on aerobatics. 66 - All the options below complete the boldfaced sentence. Mark the one in which the Relative Pronoun is INCORRECTLY used. When Brazilian Aviation School was founded, a) both the Brazilian Army and the Navy, which had their own air arms, used to have military missions. b) Rio de Janeiro was the place where this school was located. c) there were two French aircrafts who were available to the instructions of the students. d) it provided instructions that were similar to the best European schools. 67 - Read the statements about the informative text and mark the correct option. I. In the beginning of the last century, Brazilian cadets were sent to the best European schools that provided them instruction. II. In France, the youngsters had Blériot and Farman aircraft instruction. III. Brazilian Aviation School had to be closed in 1913. IV. The Brazilian Aviation School and the Naval Aviation School were created in the same year. a) Only I and II are correct. b) Only III and IV are correct. c) All sentences are correct. d) None of the sentences are correct. 68 - The connectives however (line 19) and thus (line 27) express, respectively, _________ and _________ . a) contrast - result b) addition - conclusion c) contrast - addition d) conclusion - result 69 - According to the text, in 1941, a) the Brazilian Air Force replaced the Army and Navy air arms. b) Military and Naval aviation schools were created at Campo dos Afonsos. c) students from both Military and Naval aviation schools started to be called Aeronautics Cadets. d) the Air Ministry created the Army and Navy air arms. 70 - The sentence “The Military Aviation [e] activated its Military Aviation School after the Great War [e]” can be rewritten, with the same meaning, as _________. a) during the Great War the Military Aviation activated its Military Aviation School. b) by the time the Military Aviation activated its Military Aviation School, the Great War had already finished. c) the Great War finished when the Military Aviation activated its Military Aviation School. d) the Military Aviation activated its Military Aviation School through the Great War. TEXT II Why Bilinguals Are Smarter 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even protecting from dementia in oldage. This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that delayed a child’s academic and intellectual development. They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins — one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle. In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more 2013 15 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in an ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life). In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of tests, the infants were presented with an audio stimulus and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of tests, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not. Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language — were more resistant than others to the beginning of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of occurrence. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefits- of-bilingualism.html 71 - The last two sentences of the second paragraph mean that the interference of bilingualism a) was considered positive in the past, but nowadays this view has changed. b) has always been a problem, since the brain has to solve an internal conflict. c) brings to the brain an internal conflict that improves its cognition. d) has proved to increase the disabilities of the brain and reduce the blessings it can have. 72 - Considering the context, mark the alternative that contains the correct synonym or explanation to the words from the text. a) Remarkably (line 10) – ordinarily, usually. b) For instance (line 24) – in my opinion. c) So-called (line 42) – used to introduce a new expression. d) Even (line 60) – used to explain something. 73 - Mark the INCORRECT option. According to the text, recent researches prove that bilingualism a) causes general cognitive development. b) enables people to communicate better in both languages only. c) prevents people from suffering from problems related to memory and other mental disorders or delay these problems. d) is seen as positive cognitive interference. 74 - Mark the option that correctly substitutes the expression rather than (line 01). a) Instead of. c) Aside from. b) As well as. d) In addition to. 75 - Based on the text, it is NOT correct to state that bilingualism a) delays the symptoms of diseases related to old age. b) has effect on children’s brains. c) is irrelevant for the elderly. d) develops the ability of performing difficult tasks. 76 - The psychological study done in 2004 (3rd paragraph) showed that a) the children in preschool had the same performances in both tests. b) bilingual children were more efficient in the most complex test. c) monolinguals are better at solving mental puzzles. d) blue and red are confusing colors for both groups. 77 - The relative pronoun THAT can be omitted in all the sentences below, EXCEPT a) The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function. (lines 40 – 43) b) [...] the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system. (lines 52 – 55) c) [...] there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life. (lines 64 – 66) [...] d) But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? (lines 90 – 93) 2013 16 78 - One extracted fragment has its correct Tag Question. Mark the item. a) The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, don’t they? b) Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years, has it? c) These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, aren’t they? d) Nobody ever doubted the power of language, did they? 79 - Considering the use of comparison, mark the INCORRECT option. a) [e] the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse [e] (lines 4 – 5) b) [e] with a wider range of people. (lines 5 – 6) c) [e] the understanding of bilingualism through muchof the 20th century. (lines 11 – 12) d) The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task. (lines 38 – 39) 80 - In the question “Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition?” (lines 50 – 53) The author asked a) if the fight between two simultaneously active language systems had improved these aspects of cognition. b) why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improved those aspects of cognition?” c) why the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improved those aspects of cognition. d) if the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition?” 2013 17 Directions: Answer questions 33 to 40 based on TEXT I. TEXT I ETHICS OF WAR 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Human beings have been fighting each other since prehistoric times, and people have been discussing the rights and wrongs of it for almost as long. The Ethics of War starts by assuming that war is a bad thing, and should be avoided if possible, but it recognizes that there can be situations when war may be the lesser evil of several bad choices. War is a bad thing because it involves deliberately killing or injuring people, and this is a fundamental wrong – an abuse of the victims human rights. The purpose of war ethics is to help decide what is right or wrong, both for individuals and countries, and to contribute to debates on public policy, and ultimately to government and individual action. War ethics also leads to the creation of formal codes of war (e.g. the Hague and Geneva conventions), the drafting and implementation of rules of engagement for soldiers, and in the punishment of soldiers and others for war crimes. The three key questions are: Is it ever right to go to war? When is it right to fight? What is the moral way to conduct a war? The discussion of the ethics of war goes back to the Greeks and Romans, although neither civilization behaved particularly well in war. In the Christian tradition war ethics were developed by St Augustine, and later by St Thomas Aquinas and others. Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), a Dutch philosopher and author of De Jure Belli Ac Pacis (The Rights of War and Peace), wrote down the conditions for a just war that are accepted today. Cicero argued that there was no acceptable reason for war outside of just revenge or self-defence – in which he included the defence of honor. He also argued that a war could not be just unless it was publicly declared and unless compensation for the enemy’s offence had first been demanded. Cicero based his argument on the assumption that nature and human reason influenced a society against war, and that there was a fundamental code of behavior for nations. Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/war/. Shtml Acessado em 14/03/2013 33 - The main purpose of this text is to a) alert readers about all the disadvantages related to wars. b) show that moral rules of behavior concerning wars had long been discussed. c) prevent humans from engaging or fighting. d) influence societies to follow their nature and therefore, justify their warlike behavior when facing future wars. 34 - War ethics’ intention, according to the text, is to show that a) even the enemies deserve a fair treatment. b) in a war every violent action can be justified. c) individual actions shouldn’t be controlled. d) it’s wrong not to kill your opponent. 35 - According to the first paragraph, it’s correct to state that a) only after fighting for a long time humans began to worry about the correctness of their fights. b) people always cared for their enemies rights. c) in prehistoric times people were more peaceful. d) fighting and talking about fighting have happened for just about the same time. 36 - The best definition for the word ‘drafting’ (line 18) is a/the a) concluded idea about an assumption. b) system of regulations only for the high ranking officers. c) written version that is not in its final form. d) personnel who select the drafted soldiers. 37 - In the phrase “should be avoided” (line 5) the modal verb expresses a) a sense of obligation. b) something that is probable. c) confidence that something will happen. d) the idea of what is right to do. 38 - Choose the alternative in which the determiner ‘neither’ is used with the same meaning as the one in italics in the text. a) ‘My brother can’t swim. Me neither.’ b) ‘I neither smoke nor drink.’ c) ‘Kate doesn’t like technology. Neither does Linda.’ d) ‘Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?’ ‘I’m afraid neither day is possible.’ 39 - The verbal construction of the underlined sentence in the text expresses the notion of an action a) completed in the past. b) that no longer lasts. c) repeated over a period of time. d) already arranged to do but didn’t happen. 40 - Mark the only sentence below that has the same function of the Modal verb in bold (line 6). a) ‘Children under 8 are not allowed to swim here’, the sign says. b) In UK, pubs must close at ten. It’s a rule. c) “May I have your attention?” The principal asked the students before the classes started. d) My father said to me: “It can be dangerous, watch out!” 2014 18 Directions: Answer questions 41 to 48 based on TEXT II. TEXT II SEPTEMBER 11 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airlines and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, activating major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Over three thousand people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., including more than four hundred police officers and firefighters. At 8:45 a.m., on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with twenty thousand gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a wide, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110- story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. Eighteen minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767– United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center and crashed into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning fragment over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they _____________(1) in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and _____________(2) flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C., and banged into the west side of the Pentagonmilitary headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. Less than fifteen minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to three thousand people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including an impressive three hundred and forty three firefighters and paramedics, twenty three New York 55 60 65 70 75 80 City police officers and thirty seven Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped* on higher floors. Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane– United Flight 93–was hijacked about forty minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned a rebellion. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There are three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All forty-five people aboard were killed. Within two months, U.S. forces had effectively removed the Taliban from operational power, but the war continued. Osama bin Laden, was finally chased and killed by U.S. forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Adapted from http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks Acessado em 04/04/2013 Glossary: *Trapped – to be in a bad situation that is difficult to escape. 41 - Choose the alternative containing the correct verbal tenses to complete the gaps (1) and (2) in the text. a) won’t act / have been taking b) are acting / haven’t taken c) didn’t act / took d) were acting / had taken 42 - One of the main reasons of the Al Qaeda attacks was a) a necessity of taking initiatives to force George W. Bush out. b) the retaliation against the contribution given to Israel by the USA. c) because the Middle East had lost previous wars against the USA. d) to incite terrorism in New York and Washington, D.C. 43 - Consider the following statements based on the text. I. Almost three thousand people were saved in the World Trade Center. II. The hijackers of the United Flight 93 plane circled over downtown in Washington, D.C. III. A fire extinguisher is supposed to be the weapon used by the passengers to attack the hijackers. IV. The North tower was the second giant concrete building to collapse. The correct ones are only a) I and III. c) III and IV. b) I and II. d) I, II and III. 2014 VERSÃO A 19 44 - According to the text, “some terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year [f]”. It means that the terrorists a) lived in the US before the attacks. b) were still living in the US when the tragedy happened. c) had plans to move to America after the deadly events. d) intended to leave the US. 45 - The word “meanwhile” (paragraph 5) indicates in the text that a) many events happened at different times. b) a short event interfered in a longer one. c) two events were happening at the same time. d) an important event would come to pass. 46 - The verb “learned” (line 62) has the same meaning as a) talked about c) looked for b) heard d) typed 47 - The sentence “Thomas Burnett Jr. told his wife over the phone that ‘I know that we’re all going to die’ ” is similar in meaning to Thomas Burnett Jr. a) said his wife he knew they were all going to die. b) said that he knew they were all going to die. c) asked if he knew they were all going to die. d) told “I know we’re all going to die”. 48 - Mark the right option to complete the statement. If the plane hadn’t been delayed in taking off, the passengers fffff about the events in New York and Washington. a) wouldn’t have known c) would know b) shouldn’t have known d) hadn’t known RASCUNHO 2014 20 Directions: Answer questions 33 to 40 according to TEXT I. TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 It is an invisible force that goes by many names. Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyone's favorite, ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it has been stimulating progress and killing jobs — from tailors to paralegals — for centuries. But this time is different: nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in "a decade or two". The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is: Where do machines work better than people? Tractors are more powerful than farmers. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots have succeeded replacing a particular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, it's projected that the next wave of computer progress will continue to endanger human work where it already has: manufacturing, administrative support, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are "likely to diminish over the next decades". Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety, and management positions are the least likely to be automated. The next big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats. Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind of social-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but they're bad at finding patterns, communicating with people, and making decisions, which is what managers are paid to do. This is why some people think managers are, for the moment, one of the largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have been protected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copied a savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they can't answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. As a result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-food attendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In the second half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work. The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machines are
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