Aula 02 - impressao

Prévia do material em texto

INGLÊS VII 
AULA 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profª Michelle Cruvinel Buzani 
 
 
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OPENING CONVERSATION 
Hello students! In this class we will talk about our possessions and 
experiences. The content covered in this class is in your Evolve 3 e-book pages 
12 to 17. You can access it on the Cambrigde platform. See the image below: 
Image 1 – Cambridge Platform 
Access your e-book here: 
 
It’s not unusual to talk about things we own: from professional context to 
personal belongings we share our possessions and mention for how long we 
have had things. 
When speaking about for how long something has been part of our lives, 
we often talk about experiences we regard as important and goals that we haven’t 
achieved yet. This is also covered in this class. 
And to finish, this lesson will cover language we can use to keep the flow 
of conversations. 
So, let’s get down to work! 
THEME 1 – THINGS WE OWN 
It What do you do with things you don’t use anymore? Do you give them 
to other people? Do you throw them away? Read the text on your e-book (p. 12). 
Then tick the items mentioned in the text in activity 1B (p. 12): 
Image 2 – E-book 
 
Don’t forget to check the answer key at the end of Theme 1. 
 
 
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Ethan wants to sell his old belongings. Do you think this is a good idea? 
Do you do the same? 
How does Ethan talk about the objects he wants to sell? Can you find 
expressions he uses in the text? You will see he uses the following expressions: 
brand new, in good condition, plain, outdated, special and useless. Can you 
match them to their opposites in the exercise 2A on page 12 of your e-book? 
Image 3 – E-book 
 
Check the answers at the end of theme 1. After that, play the track 1.11 of 
your e-book) and practice the pronunciation of these words. 
We will notice in the text that these expressions are used as adjectives: 
they come after the verb to be (“…they’re in good condition.”) or before a noun – 
the name of the item (“…a brand new suitcase…”). Can you find the other 
expressions in the text and say if they come after the verb ‘to be’ or before a 
noun? Check the answers at the end of this theme. 
We follow the same rule to use the opposite of the expressions in the text 
because they are adjectives as well. So we could say “I have a modern bike” or 
“My bike is modern”, for example. 
How about your belongings? Which items from the e-book ex. 1B and 
which adjectives in the activity 2A can we use to talk about things you own? 
Now that you know how to talk about things you have, do the vocabulary 
exercises on page 142. 
Stretch your speaking 
Imagine you want to sell some items you have. Describe them to a 
colleague and see if they would buy those items. If necessary, use the online 
 
 
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dictionaries suggested in lesson 1 to help you with objects’ names. Check the 
links below: 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Box 1 – Answer Key 
E-book p. 12 Ex. 1B 
The items mentioned in the text are: bikes, 
comic books, computer games, bookcase, 
souvenirs, clothes (hats) 
E-book p. 12 Ex. 2A 
1. brand new – b. used 
2. in good condition – e. damaged 
3. plain – f. fancy 
4. outdated – d. modern 
5. special – c. common 
6. useless – a. useful 
Other expressions in the text and how they are 
used 
things are useless (line 5) 
outdated computer games (line 8) 
it’s plain (line 10) 
they’re special (line 12) 
THEME 2 – SAYING FOR HOW LONG WE OWN THINGS 
“I wanna know, have you ever seen the rain? 
I wanna know, have you ever seen the rain 
Comin' down on a sunny day?” 
Have you ever seen the rain? (Creedance Clearwater Revival) 
You may be asking yourself: what does this song have to do with this 
lesson? The link is that it shows a verb tense we use when making connections 
between past and present. 
Do you remember when you bought your cell phone? Or your computer? 
If yes, then you know for how long you’ve had them. In the text we read before 
(e-book p. 12), Ethan said this about his comic books: I’ve had them (comic 
books) since I was twelve. Let’s analyze this sentence by answering two 
questions: 
1. When did he get the comic books? When he was twelve. 
2. Does he still have them in the present? Yes, he does. 
Ethan says I’ve had to refer to something that he got in the past, but it is 
still part of the present. This verb tense is called Present Perfect Simple and is 
 
 
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formed by have/has as an auxiliary verb and the past participle of a main verb – 
had, in the example we analyzed. 
Quick review 
We use have with the subject pronouns I/you/we/they and has with the 
subject pronouns he/she/it. 
We can contract the subject and the auxiliary verb forms have/has. See 
the table below: 
Table 1 – Present Perfect Simple Affirmative – Full forms and Contractions 
Full form Contraction 
I have had I’ve had 
You have had You’ve had 
He has had He’s had 
She has had She’s had 
It has had It’s had 
We have had We’ve had 
They have had They’ve had 
 In the examples in the table above, the main verb is had – the past 
participle of have. The Past Participle forms of the regular verbs finish in -ed, just 
like the Past Simple forms. For irregular verbs, see the third column on the list of 
your e-book (p. 161): 
Image 3 – E-book 
 
Look at the examples below: 
Our car has been outside for two years. 
I’ve had my comic books since I was twelve. 
 
 
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Attention to the use of for and since. Which do we use to refer to a point of 
time in the past? Which do we use to refer to a period of time? You are correct, if 
you answered: we use since to refer to a point of time in the past and for to refer 
to a period of time. Note that, when we refer to a point of time in the past we don’t 
mean that the action or event is complete. This point of time in the past is when 
the action or the event started. So, this action or event may continue or have a 
connection with the present. 
Now look at these other examples: 
Have you ever felt that way? 
I’ve never played computer games. 
Ever is very common in Present Perfect Simple questions. What does ever 
mean? Your answer is correct if you are thinking about “at any point in someone’s 
life”. Note that in questions the verb have comes before the subject because it is 
the auxiliary verb. So, you will see a lot of questions starting with Have you ever 
– just like in the song “Have you ever seen the rain?”. 
On the other hand, never means “at no point in someone’s life”. Remember 
that it’s not grammatically correct to use two negative words in English in the 
same phrase. This means that we use the affirmative forms of the auxiliary verb 
(have/has) before never: I have never, She has never, He has never etc. 
Now, observe the following example: We haven’t ridden these bikes for 
years. The form haven’t is the contraction of have not. Which means that to make 
negative sentences in the Present Perfect Simple we just need to add not after 
have/has. See below full forms and contractions: 
Table 2 – Present Perfect Simple Negative – Full forms and Contractions 
Full form Contraction 
I have not had I’ve not/ haven’t had 
You have not had You’ve not / haven’t had 
He has not had He’s not / hasn’t had 
She has not had She’s not/ hasn’t had 
It has not had It’s not / hasn’t had 
We have not had We’ve not / haven’t had 
They have not had They’ve not / haven’t had 
Can you find more examples of the Present Perfect Simple – affirmative, 
negative or questions in the text? See the answers at the end of theme 2. 
Access your e-book (p. 130) and do the activities in the exercise 2.1A: 
 
 
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Image 4 – E-book 
 
Compare your exercise with a colleague and check the answers at the end 
of theme 2. 
Stretch your speaking 
Complete the activitieson your e-book (p. 13) exercise 3C. Compare your 
answers with a colleague and find out similarities and differences. 
Box 2 – Answer Key 
Examples of Present Perfect Simple in the 
Text 
Affirmative form: 
We’ve lived here since 2013… 
Our car has been outside… 
So we’ve finally decided… 
But I’ve never sold anything…* 
I’ve had them since I was 12… 
I’ve never actually played…* 
And I’ve collected a lot of… 
 
Negative form: 
We haven’t ridden them… 
 
Question form: 
Have you ever felt that way? 
 
*although these sentences have a negative 
meaning, the verb form is in the affirmative 
form 
E-book p. 130 ex. 2.1A 
1. example 
2. We have not/ ’ve not/ haven’t seen 
Maria for a few years. 
3. They have/ ’ve never cleaned their 
garage! 
4. You have/ ’ve lived in the same house 
for 11 years. 
5. Has he ever visited your family? 
6. Nadia has not / ’s not / hasn’t played 
computer games since she was 16. 
7. Roberto has had/ ’s had his car for a 
long time. 
8. I have not/ ’ve not / haven’t eaten 
meat since 2015. 
 
 
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THEME 3 – DAY-TO-DAY TECHNOLOGY 
When we deal with technology and electronic devices, we see words in 
English all the time. Some of these words we even incorporate into our first 
language. This is the case of the word mouse that we use to refer to a device 
connected to computers – we don’t translate the word to Portuguese, we simply 
use it the way it is in English. 
In this part of the class, we will see vocabulary that is useful for us to talk 
about technology. 
Let’s start by analyzing the conversation on our e-book (p. 14) exercise 
1A: 
Image 5 – E-book 
 
Can you see words or expressions that are commonly used in the context 
of technology? You probably saw download, app and delete. Now look at the 
words in exercise 2A of your e-book (p. 14). 
Image 6 – E-book 
 
Do you understand them? A good idea is to look up for new words in online 
dictionaries – there are some suggestions of good online dictionaries in theme 1 
of this lesson. After understanding the meaning of these words, can you classify 
them into nouns and verbs? Check the correction at the end of theme 3. 
Look at these two examples from the conversation between Jen and Maya: 
1. I have a folder for music apps, one for weather apps… 
2. Can you help me set them up? 
 
 
 
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Analyzing these two examples from the text, we can see that the word 
folder, in sentence 1, is a noun because it comes after the indefinite article a. In 
English, countable nouns in the singular form come after a or an. If we analyze 
the structure in sentence 2 we have this: help somebody (me) do something (set 
them up) which means that set up is an action verb as it refers to “do something”. 
In case you are in doubt whether a word is a noun or a verb, online 
dictionaries can also help. Look at this image from the Cambridge Dictionary 
online: 
Image 7 – The meaning of download1 
 
In addition to showing meaning, pronunciation and phonetic transcription, 
the dictionary also shows whether the word is a verb, a noun, an adjective etc. 
As we can see in the image above, below the word download, we see that it is a 
verb. 
Now that you are more familiarized with vocabulary in the context of 
technology, access your e-book (p. 142) and do the activities in the exercises 2.2 
A and B. 
Stretch your speaking 
Make questions about technology to ask a colleague. Use the vocabulary 
on your e-book (p. 14) exercise 2A in your questions. Here is an example: Have 
you ever deleted an important document? 
Box 3 – Answer Key 
E-book p. 14 (conversation) 
Words and expressions related to 
technology: 
 
1 . 
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/download
 
 
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phone – model – feature(s) – downloaded – 
apps – folders – home screen – set (them) up 
– camera - delete 
E-book p. 14 ex. 2A 
delete (verb); device (noun); folder (noun); 
home screen (noun); model (noun or verb); 
set up (verb); storage (noun); sync (verb - 
informal form for synchronize); try (noun or 
verb); work (noun or verb) 
THEME 4 – TALKING ABOUT OUR EXPERIENCE WITH TECHNOLOGY 
Technology has been present in our daily lives for a long time. Try to 
imagine your life without the internet, a computer or a cell phone – you wouldn’t 
even be able to have access to this class and so much more information that is 
available for us thanks to technology. But how much do you understand about 
the devices you use on a regular basis? 
Read and listen to the conversation on your e-book (p. 14). Who 
understands more about how the cell phone works: Maya or Jen? See the answer 
and the justifications at the end of theme 3. 
Now, look at how Maya and Jen talk about their experience with this cell 
phone model: 
I’ve already downloaded a lot of apps. 
I haven’t tried many of them yet. 
_ Have you tried the camera yet? 
_ Yes, I have. 
They use the words already and yet associated with the Present Perfect 
Simple. The word already means that something has happened sooner than we 
expected and is normally used in affirmative sentences. On the other hand, the 
word yet in negative sentences means that something we expect hasn’t 
happened until now. We can also use yet in questions to ask if something 
expected has happened or not. 
Note that the position of already is after the auxiliary verb have/has while 
the position of yet is at the end of the sentence (both in questions and negative 
sentences). 
For short answers such as “Yes, I have” we use yes/no followed by a 
subject pronoun and have/has (for affirmative answers) or haven’t/hasn’t (for 
negative answers). 
 
 
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Let’s do a quick activity to practice. Decide if we can include already or yet 
in the sentences below. Then decide where in the sentence these words should 
be. Compare your answers with a colleague then check your answers at the end 
of theme 3. 
Practice: already or yet? 
1. She hasn’t used this app. 
2. They have downloaded music apps. 
3. Have you taken pictures with this cell phone? 
Stretch your speaking 
Do the activity 3C on your e-book (p. 15). Write sentences that are true for 
you. Then compare them with at least 2 colleagues. Who is more experienced 
with technology? You or your partners? 
Now, access your e-book (p. 130) and do the exercise 2.2A. This is a great 
chance to reinforce the use of already and yet. 
Box 3 – Answer key 
E-book p. 14 (conversation) 
Who understands more about how the cell 
phone works? 
Maya understands more about how the cell 
phone works because she explained to Jen 
how to make folders and she suggested the 
funny faces on the camera. 
Practice: already or yet? 
 
1. She hasn’t used this app yet. 
2. They have already downloaded music 
apps. 
3. Have you taken pictures with this cell 
phone yet? 
THEME 5 – KEEPING THE FLOW OF CONVERSATIONS 
In lesson 1, we saw how to ask information questions which are a great 
way to generate conversations. By asking and answering questions we can carry 
on a conversation for a long time. But there are other elements apart from 
questions that help us engage and continue having a conversation. In this part of 
the class we will see four of these elements: how to introduce new topics, how to 
change the subject, how to stay on track and how to show interest. 
Listen and read the conversation on your e-book (p. 16). Answer the 
question in exercise 1B (check the answer at the end of theme 5). 
 
 
 
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Image 8 – E-book 
 
Can you identify the topics the two friends talk about? They talk about the 
interest one of them has for old toys; then they move on to talk about an online 
purchase; they change the focus of their conversation to talk about a friend who 
is in town; then they finish their conversation arranging to have dinner together. 
In order to go from one topic to another,the two friends use the words and 
phrases in bold in the conversation: you know, guess what, anyway and by the 
way. 
You notice that when they use you know and guess what they start talking 
about a new topic – the interest in old toys and the online purchase. By using 
anyway, one of the friends is trying to stay on track and keep talking about the 
online purchase. On the other hand, by the way introduces a complete new 
subject – the friend that is in town and is not at all connected to the toys or the 
purchase they were talking about before. We can also do it by using “Oh, before 
I forget”. 
Put the conversation in the exercise 1D of your e-book (p. 16) in order. 
Then listen and check. You can also see the answers by the end of theme 5. 
Image 9 – E-book 
 
Another strategy we can use to have successful conversations is to show 
interest. Imagine how uncomfortable it is when we talk to someone and this 
 
 
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person doesn’t show interest in what we are saying! We can demonstrate we are 
interested in a conversation by asking simple questions. 
Listen to the conversation on your e-book (p. 17) exercise 2A track 1.16. 
Write down the questions Yadira and Luke ask to show she is interested in the 
conversation. Check at the end of theme 5. 
Now, look at this part of the conversation: 
Luke: I’m interested in old watches. 
Yadira: You are? That’s cool. 
Luke: Yeah. My dad taught me how to fix them. He was a watchmaker. 
Yadira: He was? Interesting! I have an old watch that doesn’t work. 
Luke: You do? Well, give it to me, Yadira. 
As you can see,Yadira and Luke are showing interest in the conversation 
by asking You are?, He was? and You do? To do so, they use the verb be (are, 
was) or an auxiliary (do) in the same tense that was used before. Note that, for 
this type of question the verb be and the auxiliary don’t come before the subject 
as the intention here is not to actually ask about something, but just show interest 
in what the other person said before. 
Listen to the conversation again: when they ask short questions to show 
interest, does the intonation go up or down? You will notice that her intonation 
goes up. 
You are? 
 
When showing interest or surprise, our intonation in questions goes up. 
Now, do the exercise 2C on your e-book (p. 17). Then listen and check. You can 
also see the answers of theme 5. 
Pronunciation tip 
In English, the pronunciation of the letter /t/ at the beginning of words is 
very different from Portuguese. When /t/ is followed by /ue/ or /wo/ we articulate 
the sound differently from when /t/ is followed by /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/. 
Even the phonetic symbols are different: Tuesday /ˈtʃuːz.deɪ/ and tablet 
/ˈtæb.lət/. 
Listen and practice how to say the words with the exercises 3A and 3B on 
your e-book (p. 17). 
 
 
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Box 6 – Answer Key 
e-book p. 16 exercise 1B They plan to have dinner together. 
e-book p. 16 exercise 1D 5, 3, 6, 1, 4, 2 
e-book p. 17 exercise 2A You are?; He was?; You do?; 
e-book p. 17 exercise 2C You did?; It is? 
PRACTICE 
Read the conversation below: 
Box 7 – Conversation 
A: Have you downloaded the new photo app y_____ (1)? The one you can 
touch up your image and look like a celebrity? 
B: Yes, I h_______ (2). It’s great! 
A: You have? Can you show me a photo you took with this app? 
B: Sure! Look! This has been my profile photo s______ (3) last month. I got 
more views and likes than I could imagine! 
A: You d____ (4)? Is it complicated to use? Do you have to s_____ (5) it to 
your email account? 
B: Not really. It’s quite simple to use. I’ve a_______ (6) taken around a hundred 
photos with it! 
A: B___ t___ w___ (7), we should go! Our bus leaves in ten minutes. 
B: Yeah, let’s! 
How would you complete this conversation? The initials of the words are 
given to you. Review themes 1 to 5 and fill in the gaps. Check your answers at 
the end of this session. 
Stretch your speaking 
Choose an app you have used for some time. Talk to a colleague about it. 
Mention: how long you have used it for; what it does; tell your colleague how to 
use it. Ask your colleague to talk to you about an app they like. Show interest by 
asking short questions. 
 
 
 
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Box 8 – Answer Key 
PRACTICE: Conversation 
1. yet 
2. have 
3. since 
4. did 
5. sync 
6. already 
7. by the way 
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 
In this lesson we saw how to talk about our possessions by using 
expressions to describe their characteristics. 
We also learned how to talk about for how long we have had things. To do 
so, we learned how to use the Present Perfect Simple in association with for, 
since, ever and never. 
After that we learned vocabulary we can use to talk about technology – a 
topic that is present in our daily lives. 
Next, we saw how to talk about our experiences with technology by using 
the Present Perfect Simple in association with already and yet. 
Our last theme was about strategies and language we can use to keep 
conversations - introduce a new topic, change the subject, keep on track and 
show interest. 
To reinforce your knowledge about the Present Perfect Simple we suggest 
the book Fundamentos de Inglês (p. 115-120). 
Now that you are much more confident to have conversations in English, 
why not create the habit of talking to your colleagues about the topics of the 
class? Give it a go. 
 
 
 
 
 
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REFERENCES 
HENDRA, L. A.; MARK I.; KATHRYN, O. EVOLVE Level III. Cambridge: 
Cambridge University Press, 2018. 
SILVA, D. C. F. da. Fundamentos de inglês. Porto Alegre: Sagah, 2018.