Prévia do material em texto

1
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 4 Here are some more phrases you can use in emails. 
Which are formal (F) and which are informal (I)? 
 1 I look forward to meeting you. 
 2 Hope you’re well. 
 3 Best wishes, 
 4 Let me know! 
 5 Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have 
any questions. 
 6 I am writing to you to … 
 5 Either: Imagine that you are the new manager of 
a football club. Write a formal email to introduce 
yourself to the sta� and players. 
 Or: Imagine that you are planning to spend the 
weekend in London. Your best friend, Maria, has a 
brother who lives there whose name is Ian. Write an 
informal email to Ian asking if it is possible to stay 
at his house for the weekend.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 P lan your writing
 • Think about who you are writing to and what you want 
to say. 
 • Do you need formal or informal language? 
 • Remember to say who you are and why you are writing. 
Decide how you want to close the email . 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used appropriate language in your email? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
 • Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 
 formal and informal emails
 WRITING TIP
 When you write an email to introduce yourself, it can be 
formal or informal. It all depends on who you are writing 
to. Formal emails have longer sentences, do not contain 
contractions, and use non-colloquial language. Informal 
emails have shorter sentences, use contractions and 
contain colloquial language.
 1 Which of these email phrases are formal (F) and 
which are informal (I)? 
 1 Hi … 
 2 I would like to take this opportunity to introduce 
myself. 
 3 All the best, 
 4 My name’s … 
 5 Yours sincerely, 
 6 Dear … 
 2 Read the two model emails quickly. Which one is 
formal and which is informal? 
 
 
3 Read the two emails again and identify the following: 
 1 three examples of formal language (in the formal 
email). 
 2 three examples where the author has not used 
contractions (in the formal email). 
 3 three examples of colloquial language (in the 
informal email). 
 4 three examples where the author has used 
contractions (in the informal email). 
Dear Colleagues, 
 Next week I will start as the new Head of the Advertising 
Department and I would like to take this opportunity to 
introduce myself to you all. I have been working in advertising 
for more than ten years. Before that, I studied marketing at 
Camford University and worked at The Daily Post for fi ve 
years. I am sure my experience will benefi t the Department. 
 I look forward to working with you all. 
 Yours sincerely, 
Adam Bainbridge
Hello Paul, 
 How are you? Julie gave me your email address and said 
it ’d be OK to contact you. My name’s Danny and I’m at 
university with her. I’ll be visiting Plymouth next weekend 
and Julie said maybe you’d be able to show me around.
If you can, that would be great. 
 Hope to hear from you soon. 
 All the best, 
Danny
2
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 
 news reports
 WRITING TIP
Before you write a news report, it’s a good idea to ask 
yourself questions beginning with why, what, where, how 
and when. This will help you to give all the key information 
to the reader. It is also a good idea to use time linkers such 
as while , during , until , as soon as , by the time to clarify the 
sequence of events.
 1 Read the headline below. Write six questions that a 
reader might like to know about the story. 
 
 
 2 Now read the news report. Does it answer all your 
questions? 
 
 3 Match each part of the news story to its use. 
 1 quotes 
 2 concluding statement 
 3 introductory statement 
 4 more information 
 a) explains in one sentence what happened 
 b) the background to the story 
 c) used to give someone’s opinion 
 d) gives information about the current situation 
 4 Find fi ve time linkers in the news report. 
Which time linker do we use to show that: 
 1 something happens immediately a� er 
something else? 
 2 something happened previously? 
 3 something happens at the same time as 
another action? 
 4 something happens between the beginning and 
end of a period? 
 5 something happened up to a point and then 
stopped? 
 5 Complete the sentences with the correct time linker. 
 1 Dawayne’s parents went to the police 
 they had discovered that he was 
missing. 
 2 Dawayne walked through the airport 
 he got on the fl ight to London. 
 3 He talked to the other passengers 
he was waiting. 
 4 Dawayne watched cartoons the 
fl ight. 
 5 he arrived home, he had travelled 
more than 11,000 kilometres. 
 6 Choose one of the following headlines. Write six 
questions that a reader might like to know about 
the story. Then write a news report based on the 
questions. 
 More flooding after hurricane. 
 Man shot during bank robbery. 
 Cat found safe after 4 years!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
P lan your writing 
 • Think of a sentence that summarises the story. Then 
add details to introduce the main story including 
opinions from experts or witnesses.
 • Remember to add a concluding statement outlining the 
current situation. 
 • Quotes – experts or witnesses giving their opinions. 
 • Concluding statement – the current situation. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you answered all yourquestions about 
the headline? Have you used time linkers?
• Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
 • Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
 
 
A � ve-year-old boy has � own to London, alone and 
without a passport, because he wanted to see the 
Olympic Games. 
 Dawayne Shalamar crossed the Atlantic on a � ight to 
Heathrow without a ticket, passport or a seat on the 
plane. He had previously passed through strict security 
at JFK International Airport in New York before 
boarding the AB Airlines � ight to London. 
 “We really don’t know how this happened,” said 
a spokesperson for AB Airlines. “He queued with 
everyone else to get on the � ight but somehow we didn’t 
ask to see his boarding card or passport.” 
 As soon as Dawayne had passed through the gate he 
took an empty seat on the plane. The cabin crew assumed 
he was with the people sitting next to him. They gave 
him two meals, and one of the cabin crew even played 
a game with him during the � ight. “Actually, we looked 
after him pretty well while he was with us,” said the AB 
Airlines spokesperson. 
 By the time Dawayne was discovered, he had travelled 
more than 5,500 kilometres on his own. Nobody became 
suspicious until he asked border control o� cials at 
Heathrow to take him to see Usain Bolt. 
 Dawayne is now back at home in Queens after a second 
free � ight across the Atlantic. 
Boy fl ies to London alone!
3
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3 
 messages
 WRITING TIP
Messages and notes are short and usually 
contain informal language. When we write 
them, we o� en miss out unimportant words. 
 Notes and messages can also contain 
abbreviations like phone text messages. 
Look at this message: 
 Can u phone John asap? He’s got the keys 4 
2mrw. Dan 
 What do u, asap, 4 and 2mrw represent? 
 u: you 
 asap: as soon as possible 
 4: for 
 2mrw: tomorrow 
 1 A Read the following messages. Which 
are requests, which give information 
and which are invitations? 
 B What do you think the relationship 
is between the person writing the 
message and the person they are 
writing to? 
 2 A Read the messages below. Are they business or personal? 
In which messages does the person have to do something?
 B Rewrite the messages using as few words as possible and only 
include the most important information. 
 
3 Write short messages for each of the situations below. 
 1 You want your sister to buy a newspaper for you when she 
goes out. 
 2 You’re going to a friend’s house for dinner. Tell your parents. 
 3 Paul calls to speak to your dad. Your dad isn’t at home. Paul 
wants your dad to phone him later. 
 4 You want to invite a friend to lunch at your house.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Plan your writing 
 • Think about who the message is for and what the key message is. 
 • Remember to include only information that is absolutely necessary. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used informal language? Have you missed out 
unimportant words? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
 
 Brian – lost my keys. 
If you fi nd them, 
give me a call. 
Gina
 Want a coffee? 
 I’m in Gourmet Café. 
 Mike 
A
A
C
B
D
C
B
D
 Can you pick me up from 
hockey practice tonight, 
mum? 
Thanks. 
 George, the Health Centre 
called.
 You forgot your 
appointment with the 
doctor again! 
Rx 
 Your wife phoned. 
 Can you please buy a carton of milk from the shops on your 
way home from work tonight? 
 Do you want to go to the football match with James and 
me on Saturday at 11 am? Please let me know today as 
I’m getting the tickets tomorrow morning. 
 Mum, I’ve gone to the library to study for tomorrow’s exam. 
 I’ll be back in time for lunch. 
 Jane XX 
 Mrs. Lucy Green has called from Adamson and Company. 
Can you please call her back as soon as possible? 
Her telephone number is 0568 453871. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 
 a covering letter
 WRITING TIP
When you apply for a job and you write 
a covering letter, you need to show that 
you have the skills and qualities that the 
employer is looking for. You should give 
examples of how you have used them in 
previous jobs or in other areas of your life. 
You can use the same words and phrases 
that are used in the job advertisement. 
 1 Read the job advert below. What 
skills and qualities are they looking 
for? Which words and phrases can be 
reused in a covering letter? 
 
 
 2 Look at the di� erent parts of a 
covering letter and put them into the 
correct order. 
 a) Close with Yours sincerely or Yours 
faithfully if you don’t know the name 
of the person you are writing to. 
 b) End with what you would like to 
happen next. Will you contact them 
or should they contact you? 
 c) Explain that you have the qualities 
that they are looking for. Use the 
same words and phrases as they use 
in the advertisement. 
 d) Address your letter to an individual 
if possible. Use Dear Sir/Madam 
if you can’t fi nd an individual to 
address your letter to. 
 e) Explain why you are contacting 
them, what the job is and where you 
saw it advertised. 
 3 Read the covering letter. Is it a good covering letter? 
Why?/Why not? 
 
 
 
4 Read the covering letter again. Find examples of useful 
expressions which you can use in any covering letter. 
 5 Many covering letters and job applications are now sent by email. 
If you send a covering letter by post, what other information do 
you need to include? 
 6 Write a covering 
letter in response 
to the following 
advert. 
 
 Plan your writing 
 • Think about the content of your letter and make notes about: 
why you are contacting the company, where you saw the job 
advertised, what relevant experience you’ve hadand what qualities 
and skills the employer is asking for, supported by examples. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used formal language? Have you re-used some of the 
expressions in the advertisement? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
Research assistant 
required: 
Assistant needed to help author 
research her new non-fi ction book. 
No formal qualifi cations are 
necessary but applicants must 
show relevant experience.
You should be dynamic, a good 
communicator, well organised and 
capable of working independently. 
The successful candidate can work 
from home, but having a fast 
internet connection is essential. 
Contact me for more details.
N
ew
 v
ac
an
ci
es
Dear Ms Ennis, 
 I am writing to you regarding your advertisement for a Research 
Assistant, which I saw in The Daily Post. I would like to submit an 
application for this post. Please fi nd my CV attached. 
 I have spent the last two years working as a researcher in a law o� ce. 
Before that, I was at university doing a Media and Communications 
degree. I believe that I meet all the requirements you outline in your 
advertisement. 
 Good communicator: My degree taught me good communication 
skills, which I used in my day-to-day work at the law o� ce. I also set 
up and managed a project to improve internal communications in 
the o� ce. 
 Dynamic and organised: On my own initiative, I reorganised the system 
of researching and fi ling cases. This made it easier for the lawyers to 
have quick access to relevant information. 
 Independent worker: As part of my job at the law o� ce, I occasionally 
had to travel and work on my own. In addition, when I was at university 
I spent a year studying abroad. 
 Thanks to this experience, I learnt a lot about getting things done with 
little support or help. 
 If you require any further information, please contact me on 
 01865 453728 or at grystvns@gmail.com. 
 I look forward to hearing from you. 
 Yours sincerely, 
Gary Stevens
Web designer required: 
Web designer needed to start ASAP. You should have relevant experience and be up-to-date with the latest software and trends in the industry. We are looking for a highly creative individual with a proven ability to work as part of a team. 
Please send your CV and samples of your work to Claire Gi� ord at cgi� ord@starweb.co.uk. 
5
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 3 Read the essay again. Look at the underlined words 
and put them in the correct place in the table. 
Introduce 
advantages
Introduce 
disadvantages
Contrast 
ideas
Give additional 
reasons
Give your 
personal opinion/
a conclusion
 4 Use the words in the box to complete the 
sentences.
 however in my opinion in general 
this means that although 
 1 People don’t like nuclear power it 
has many advantages. 
 2 Experts say nuclear power is safe. , 
there have been some accidents. 
 3 Countries with nuclear power do not depend on 
imported energy. they are more 
self-su� cient. 
 4 Some people may disagree, but 
nuclear power is a good solution to the energy 
crisis. 
 5 it is clear that we need to fi nd new 
forms of energy. 
 5 Write an essay on the advantages and 
disadvantages of smartphones. 
 Plan your writing 
 • Think about the content of your essay. Remember 
to include an introductory paragraph and additional 
paragraphs outlining the advantages and 
disadvantages. Remember to give your own opinion in 
the conclusion. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used any of the expressions in exercise 1? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
 
 
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 
 an essay
 WRITING TIP
When you write an essay discussing the advantages 
and disadvantages of something, it is a good idea to 
use certain expressions and linkers to make your 
meaning clear. 
 1 Match words/expressions below to their uses: 
describe advantages; describe disadvantages; 
contrast ideas; give additional reasons; provide a 
personal opinion or conclusion. 
 1 Having said that, … 
 2 The most serious problem with this is that… 
 3 Another argument in favour of this is that, … 
 4 One of the main advantages of this is that … 
 5 However, in my opinion … 
 6 Another drawback with this is that … 
 a) used to describe advantages 
 b) used to describe disadvantages 
 c) used to contrast ideas 
 d) used to give additional reason 
 e) used to provide a reason, opinion or conclusion 
 2 Read the essay. Identify two arguments in favour of 
nuclear power and two arguments against. 
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of 
nuclear power 
 The world is now facing a major energy crisis because 
traditional sources of energy are running out. In the past, 
many people criticised nuclear power because they 
thought that it was dangerous. However , they are now 
beginning to consider its advantages as well as its 
disadvantages. 
 One of the main advantages of nuclear power is that it is 
environmentally-friendly because it doesn’t pollute the air. 
 In addition to this , it helps to decrease a country’s 
dependence on imported energy and makes it more 
self-su� cient. 
 The main disadvantage of nuclear power is that it is not 
completely safe. Although experts maintain that it is one 
of the safest forms of energy, there have been several 
serious accidents in the past. Another disadvantage is that 
nobody wants to live next to a nuclear power plant. 
 In my opinion , nuclear power is a good solution to the 
energy crisis and its advantages outweigh its 
disadvantages. 
 The problem is that when it goes wrong, the 
consequences can be terrible. For this reason, we should 
replace nuclear power with cleaner and safer forms of 
energy if we discover them. 
 5 A How do you feel about the following statements? Use the 
words/phrases from the response to qualify them. 
 1 If I won the lottery, I wouldn’t work. 
 2 We will run out of oil in the near future. 
 3 In ten years time, our relationships with computers will 
be more important than our relationships with people. 
 4 I wouldn’t ask my family if I needed to borrow money. 
 B The phrase in all probability has the same meaning as one 
of the words/phrases from the response. Which one? 
 6 Read the problems below. Think of what you would do in 
these situations. Then write a response for each. 
 My neighbours are very noisy. They often play loud music and have 
parties, even during the week! I have to get up early to go to work 
but sometimes I don’t get to sleep until the middle of the night. 
They also have their television on loud all the time, so I can 
never really relax.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I have my fi rst interview for a big company next week and don’t 
feel prepared. I really want the job and it will be really good for my 
career but just the idea of it makes me feel really nervous. I don’t 
know what to do.I need a holiday but don’t have enough money. I’ve been working 
really hard and now really need to get away and relax. The only 
problem is that I don’t have enough money to go abroad but want 
to go somewhere new. This seems to happen to me every year.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Plan your writing
 • Think about the possible causes of each problem and make 
notes about what the person should do. 
 • Remember to include some questions for the reader to think 
about in your response. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you qualifi ed what you have said? Is your advice realistic?
• Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
 
6
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 6 
 a letter of advice
 WRITING TIP
When you write a letter of advice you need to 
include a short summary of the situation, as well 
as some ideas about what the other person should 
do to solve the problem. Think about what you 
would do in the same situation and why you would 
do it. It’s also a good idea to try to defi ne the 
cause of the problem and give some background 
information to explain your ideas. You can also 
include questions for the reader to think about. 
 1 Read the problem below. What do you think 
the person should do? 
 
2 Now read the response. Do you agree or 
disagree with the advice? Why? 
 3 Read the response again and fi nd: 
 1 a question for the reader to think about. 
 2 ideas about what the person should do. 
 3 a description of the possible cause of the 
problem. 
 4 A Read the sentence below. What purpose does 
the word ‘probably’ serve? 
 I think that it will probably be better to talk to 
your brothers separately about their fi ghting. 
 B Find four other words/phrases that qualify in 
the response. Which three have basically the 
same meaning? 
Q
A
 My brothers are always fi ghting. They disagree 
 about everything and it’s driving my parents 
 and me crazy. They started years ago and 
they haven’t stopped since. And they’re not children 
anymore! One is 18 and the other is 20. Please can 
you help? 
 I think that it will probably be better to 
 talk to your brothers separately about 
 their fi ghting. 
 It’s possible that they don’t realise that their 
behaviour is really a� ecting the rest of the family. 
Have you considered that? You say they have 
done this for years, so perhaps this is just a game 
for them. In all likelihood, it will take them a long 
time to change their habits. For your own good, 
maybe you should limit the occasions that you 
see them together until they stop fi ghting. Is 
that possible? 
❝
❝
❝
❞
❞
❞
7
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 7 
 a summary
 WRITING TIP
When you write a summary, you need to explain the main 
ideas of a text in your own words. 
 Think about the questions Who?, What?, Where?, and Why?. 
Use them to make notes on the text that you can use for 
your summary. 
 1 Read the summary and answer the questions. 
 1 Who is the summary about? 
 2 Where does he come from? 
 3 What has he achieved? 
 4 Why is he also famous?
 Usain Bolt is a Jamaican athlete. He is often called the 
fastest man in the world. 
 In 2008, Bolt became the fi rst man to hold both the 
100 metres and 200 metres world record at the same 
time. He is currently the Olympic and world champion at 
these distances. He is also the fi rst man to win the 
Olympic gold medal in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 
4x100 metres relay in consecutive Olympic Games. 
 Bolt is one of the most famous sportsmen on the planet, 
and he is the highest-paid athlete in history. He is also 
well-known for his particular way of celebrating his 
victories – a dance popular in Jamaica which is called 
To Di World. 
 2 The notes below were used to write the summary. 
Complete the notes using words from the 
summary above. 
           
 
3 A Read the notes below and make them shorter by 
removing unnecessary words, using abbreviations 
and using symbols and numbers to represent 
words. 
 B Divide the notes using subheadings. Use the notes 
on Usain Bolt as a guide. 
 Jack White 
 • Jack White is an American rock musician. 
 • He plays guitar, drums, keyboards and piano. 
• He became famous in The White Stripes with his 
then-wife Meg White. 
• The White Stripes released six albums including 
the No. 1 album Icky Thump. 
• He now has a solo career and plays in other bands 
including The Raconteurs and The Dead Weather. 
• Jack believes colour is very important and always 
wears a combination of red, white, and black. 
• Jack was originally going to be a priest but he 
thought that the church wouldn’t like him playing 
his guitar. 
 4 Choose and research a famous person and write 
notes about them. Use your notes to write a 
summary of 100–120 words.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Plan your writing 
 • Decide who you are going to write about, m akes notes 
about them (Who?, Where?, What?, and Why? ) and 
o rganise your ideas using subheadings. 
 • Remember to write a concluding statement. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you included the most important information 
from your notes? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
       
Usain Bolt 
 
Introduction: 
 Jamaican 1 
 2 man in world 
 Achievements: 
 1st man 2 have world 3at 
100m & 200m 
 World/Olympic 4 1st man 
2 win 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay in 
consec. Olympics 
 Other information: 
 1 paid athlete ever 
Special 6 called “To Di World” 
dance from 7 
8
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 8 
 a website review
 WRITING TIP
When you write a website review, it’s a good idea to 
include the following information: the purpose of the 
website; its special features; who you would recommend 
the website to; your opinion of the website. 
 1 Read the review and answer the questions. 
 1 What is the purpose of the website? 
 2 How does the website work? 
 3 What special features does it have? 
 4 Would you recommend the website? 
 5 What is your opinion of it? Would you use it? 
Why/Why not? 
 2 Find and underline the relative pronouns in the 
text. The fi rst paragraph is done for you 
 3 Rewrite the sentences below to make one sentence. 
Use the words in italics. 
 1 wishweb is a very useful search engine. It helps 
you to discover new websites. which 
 2 I’d recommend it to web designers. They want to 
see lots of di� erent designs. who 
 3 I don’t like that website. It’s di� cult to read the 
information. because 
 4 It’s very popular with young people. They use it to 
stay in contact with their friends. who 
 5 The website is not very user-friendly. It has lots of 
mistakes. because 
 4 Match the sentence beginnings (1–4) with the 
endings (a–d) to make recommendations. 
 1 One reason I’d recommend it … 
 2 The best thing about … 
 3 I suggest that … 
 4 It’s a good idea … 
 a) … you look on the web. 
 b) … is because it’s so easy to use. 
 c) … to change your password frequently. 
 d) … the website is its design. 
 
5 Choose your own website of the month and write a 
review of it (120–150 words).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plan your writing 
• Think about the purpose of the website, h ow it works 
and make notes about any special features it has. 
 • Remember to write a conclusion saying why you like it 
and who you would recommend it to. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used sentences with relative pronouns or 
because? 
 • Have you used at least one phrase for making 
recommendations?
• Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
Website of the month | MARCH
Website of the month for March is 
wishweb . It’s a special type of search engine 
 that helps you to fi nd websites which refl ect 
your own personal preferences. 
 So, how does wishweb work? Well, 
when you enter, you search for websites 
which are related to a particular topic; you 
then receive a list of sites that wishweb 
recommends for you. For each of the sites, 
you click on an icon to say if you like them or 
not, and wishweb records your opinion. In this 
way, it builds up a database which includes all 
your opinions and the opinions of all the other 
users. wishweb then uses this database to 
direct you to websites that are popular with 
people who have the same tastes as you. 
I’d recommend wishweb to all our readers. 
It really helps you to discover some fantastic 
places on the web which would be impossible 
to fi nd otherwise. 
wishweb
★★★★★
Support ★★★★✩
Features ★★★★★
Value ★★★★✩

9
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 9 
 a short essay
 WRITING TIP
When you write an essay, you need to plan carefully 
and check your work. You need to ensure that you have 
answered the question and you need to check the 
paragraphs are in the right order. You also need to check 
things like grammar, spelling and punctuation. 
 1 Answer the questions about writing an essay. 
If necessary, use your answers to question 9 on 
page 106 of the Student’s Book to help you. 
 1 What is the fi rst thing you must always do when 
you write an essay? 
 2 What should you do immediately before you write 
the fi rst dra� ? 
 3 When you check your fi rst dra� , what is it 
especially important to look at? 
 4 When you check your second dra� , what is it 
especially important to look at? 
 2 Read the essay and answer the questions. 
 1 Why were William Gilbert and Michael Faraday 
important? 
 2 What did the electric motor replace? 
 3 Would the world have progressed without the 
electric motor? Why? 
 3 Read the paragraph below and answer the 
questions. 
 1 More and more research was done into electricity 
in the 18th and 19th centuries. 2 Firstly, Benjamin 
Franklin researched using lightning as a source of 
power. 3 Then Alessandro Volta made the fi rst reliable 
electrical power source, the battery, in 1800. 4 There 
were also other discoveries until fi nally Michael 
Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821. 
 1 What sentence(s) contain the topic of the 
paragraph? 
 2 What sentence(s) are supporting the topic? 
 3 What words are used to link the ideas and 
sentences together? 
 4 Where would this paragraph go in the essay in 
exercise 2?
 
 4 Underline the linking words in the paragraph 
above. Which of the linking words and phrases in 
the box below could replace them?.
 in addition a� er that in the end 
in the fi rst place 
 5 Write an essay of 130–160 words with the title, 
What if … we hadn’t invented the internet? 
 Plan you writing 
 • Think about the content of your essay and what you 
are going to write in each paragraph. Remember to 
mention the importance of the internet, give specifi c 
examples of how we use it and say how the world would 
be di� erent without it. 
 • Conclude by giving your own opinion of the internet. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you structured your paragraphs carefully? 
Have you included an introduction and conclusion? 
 • Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
electric motor? Why? 
WHAT IF . . . we had never learnt to use 
electricity? 
 For thousands of years, man has been interested in 
electricity. The Ancient Egyptians, for example, wrote 
about the electric fi sh thatlived in the River Nile. However, 
the fi rst serious study of electricity was only done in the 
year 1600, by the English scientist William Gilbert. 
 The electric motor played a fundamental role in the 
second stage of the Industrial Revolution. Before then, 
steam was the principal source of power. But what if 
Michael Faraday had never invented the electric motor and 
electricity had not become a major source of energy? 
What would have happened? 
 It is quite probable that the world would have developed 
rapidly without the electric motor because the 
nineteenth century was an age of initiative and invention. 
Perhaps steam, and not electricity, would have provided 
the power for all the new inventions. If this had happened, 
we might have invented light bulbs and televisions that 
run on steam! 
One thing is for sure: without electricity, many things 
which now form part of our daily lives would be very 
di� erent. 
10
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE UNIT 10 
 a restaurant review
 WRITING TIP
 When you write a restaurant review, you need to include 
basic information about the restaurant as well as your 
general impressions and specifi c details about the price, 
service, décor and atmosphere. You need to conclude 
by saying whether or not you would recommend the 
restaurant to other people. 
 1 Decide if these questions relate to the price, food, 
service, décor or atmosphere. 
 1 Is the restaurant good value for money? 
 2 What are the restaurant’s specialities? 
 3 Is the restaurant noisy? 
 4 Are there any special o� ers? 
 5 Do you have to wait a long time to be served? 
 6 Does the restaurant look nice? 
 2 Read the restaurant review. Which of the questions 
in exercise 1 does it answer? 
 3 Match the underlined expressions in the review to 
the uses below: 
 a) Contrast two ideas 
 b) Introduce a condition 
 c) Express a consequence 
 4 Use the words in brackets to connect the ideas. 
Write one sentence for each question. 
 1 food was bad / not go again (so) 
 2 service terrible / food good when it came 
(although) 
 3 a wide choice / couldn’t decide what to eat (such) 
 4 you like fi sh / good place to eat (unless) 
 5 great food / prices are very high (while) 
 5 Write a review of a restaurant or café that you know 
well (80–100 words).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
P lan your writing 
• Think about the content of your review. What is your 
general impression of the restaurant? Give d etails 
about the food, price, service, décor and atmosphere. 
• Remember to add a conclusion saying whether or not 
you would recommend it. 
 Check your writing 
 • Have you used some of the underlined expressions in 
the text in exercise 2 to connect your ideas?
• Have you checked your grammar and spelling? 
• Did you fi nd any mistakes? 
Latest restaurant reviews
Banger’s Brasserie
Banger’s Brasserie, St. Michael’s Street, 744241 
 Banger’s is a smart, stylish restaurant with a di� erence: 
they only serve sausages! I ate there for the fi rst time 
last night, and I had such a nice time that I want to go 
back as soon as possible! 
 The décor is modern and there is a lot of space 
between the tables, so you always feel that you’re 
having a private conversation, even when the 
restaurant is full. The young sta� are friendly and 
helpful, although the service can be a bit slow when 
things are busy. The menu is very reasonably priced 
and includes vegetarian, traditional and gourmet 
sausages, along with an excellent range of side dishes, 
such as mashed potatoes, sauerkraut and sautéed 
vegetables. I had the sautéed veg., and it was so good 
 that I asked for seconds! While the food is fi rst-class, 
the portions aren’t very generous, so you’ll probably 
want to order a dessert if you’re very hungry. 
 To conclude, I would recommend Banger’s, but don’t 
go there unless you like sausages! 
RESTAURANTS BOOK ONLINE
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
 INTERMEDIATE
ANSWER KEY
UNIT 1 
 1 
1 I 2 F 3 I 4 I 5 F 6 F 
2 
The fi rst one is formal, the second one is 
informal. 
3 
1 Dear Colleagues; I would like to take 
this opportunity to introduce myself to 
you all; I look forward to working with 
you all. Yours sincerely, 
2 I will start; I would like; I have been; I 
am sure; My experience will benefi t 
3 Hello Paul; How are you? Hope to hear 
from you soon; All the best, 
4 it’d be OK; My name’s Danny; I’m at 
university; I’ll be visiting; you’d be able 
4 
1 F 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 F 6 F 
5 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 2 
1 
Students’ own answers. 
2 
Students’ own answers. 
3 
1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b 
4 
before; as soon as; during; while; 
by the time; until; a� er 
1 as soon as 2 before 3 while 
4 during 5 until 
5 
1 a� er/as soon as/when 
2 before 
3 while 
4 during 
5 By the time/When 
6 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 3
1 A 
Requests: A and B 
Give information: D 
Invitations: C
1 B
Possible answers 
A Possibly, wife writing to husband 
B Son or daughter writing to mother 
C Possibly, one friend to another 
D Possibly, wife writing to husband 
2 A 
A personal B personal C personal 
D business 
The recipient needs to do something in 
messages A and D. 
2 B 
Possible answers 
A Your wife phoned. Please buy a carton 
of milk on your way home. 
B Gone to the library to study. Back in 
time for lunch. Jane 
C Do you want to go to the football 
match on Saturday at 11 am? Please let 
me know today. 
D Lucy Green called from Adamson and 
Company. Please call her back asap. 
Number: 0568-453871. 
3 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 4 
1 
Possible answers
Skills and qualities: dynamic; a good 
communicator; well organised; capable of 
working independently 
Words and phrases: relevant experience; 
dynamic; a good communicator; 
well organised; capable of working 
independently; fast internet connection 
2 
d, e, c, b, a 
3 
Possible answers 
Yes, it is a good covering letter. The writer 
says why they are writing, and clearly 
shows how they meet the requirements 
for the job, repeating where appropriate 
the wording of the original advertisement. 
4 
Dear, 
I am writing to youregarding … 
I would like to submit an application for 
this post. 
Please fi nd my CV attached. 
I believe that I meet all the requirements 
you outline in your advertisement. 
If you require any further information, 
please contact me on (phone number) or 
at (email address). 
I look forward to hearing from you. 
Yours sincerely, 
5 
Your address in the top right-hand corner 
of the letter. 
The date 
6 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 5 
1 
1 c 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c, e 6 d 
2 
Arguments in favour: 
1 It is environmentally-friendly. 
2 It helps to decrease a country’s 
dependence on imported energy. 
Arguments against: 
1 It is not completely safe. 
2 Nobody wants to live next to a nuclear 
power plant. 
3 
Introduce advantages: one of the main 
advantages … 
Introduce disadvantages: the main 
disadvantage … 
Contrast ideas: however; although 
Give additional reasons: in addition to this, 
another disadvantage is … 
Give your personal opinion/a conclusion: 
in my opinion; the problem is that … 
4 
1 although 
2 However 
3 This means that 
4 in my opinion 
5 In general 
5 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 6 
1 
Students’ own answer.
2 
Students’ own answers. 
3 
1 Have you considered that?/
Is that possible? 
2 It will probably be better to talk to 
your brothers separately/
Maybe you should limit the occasions 
that you see them together until they 
stop fi ghting. 
3 Perhaps this is just a game for them. 
© Pearson Education Limited 2016
WRITING EXTRA
4 A 
The word ‘probably’ qualifi es the 
statement and says how true or possible 
the writer thinks it is. 
4 B 
it’s possible that … 
perhaps 
in all likelihood 
maybe 
Same meaning: it’s possible that …, 
perhaps, maybe 
5 A 
Students’ own answers. 
5 B 
in all likelihood 
6 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 7 
1 
1 Usain Bolt 
2 Jamaica 
3 He is the fi rst man to hold both the 
100 metres and 200 metres world 
record at the same time. He is also 
the fi rst man to win the Olympic gold 
medal in the 100 metres, 200 metres 
and 4x100 metres relay in consecutive 
Olympic Games. 
4 For his particular way of celebrating his 
victories – a dance popular in Jamaica, 
which is called To Di World. 
2 
1 athlete 2 fastest 3 records 
4 champion 5 highest 6 dance 
7 Jamaica
3 A/B 
Possible answer 
Introduction: 
Jack White-U.S. rock musician. 
Plays guitar, drums, keyboards & piano. 
Brief history: 
Became famous in The White Stripes with 
his then-wife Meg White. 
The WS: 6 albums, incl. No. 1 album Icky 
Thump. 
Present day: 
Now: solo career and plays in bands. 
Believes colour is important; wears a 
combo of red, white, & black. 
Interesting fact: 
Was going to be a priest but thought the 
church wouldn’t like him playing guitar. 
4 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 8 
1 
1 It helps you to fi nd websites which 
refl ect your personal preferences.
2 You search for websites which are 
related to a particular topic; you then 
receive a list of sites that 
stumbleupon recommends for you.
3 You click on an icon to say if you like 
it or not.
4/5 Students’ own answers.
2 
So, how does wishweb work? Well, when 
you enter, you search for websites which 
are related to a particular topic; you then 
receive a list of sites that wishweb 
recommends for you. For each of the sites, 
you click on an icon to say if you like them 
or not, and wishweb records your opinion. 
In this way, it builds up a database which 
includes all your opinions and the 
opinions of all the other users. 
wishweb then uses this database to direct 
you to websites that are popular with 
people who have the same tastes as you. 
I’d recommend wishweb to all our readers. 
It really helps you to discover some 
fantastic places on the web which would 
be impossible to fi nd otherwise. 
3 
1 wishweb, which is a very useful search 
engine, helps you to discover new 
websites./wishweb, which helps you to 
discover new websites, is a very useful 
search engine. 
2 I’d recommend it to web designers who 
want to see lots of di� erent designs. 
3 I don’t like that website because it’s 
di� cult to read the information. 
4 It’s very popular with young people, who 
use it to stay in contact with their friends. 
5 The website is not very user-friendly 
because it has lots of mistakes. 
4 
1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c 
5 
Students’ own composition. 
 UNIT 9 
 1 
1 Look carefully at the task/title and 
decide what you need to do. 
2 Brainstorm ideas 
3 The organisation of ideas 
4 Look for grammar, spelling and 
punctuation errors. 
2 
1 They both played an important role in 
enabling us to use electricity. 
2 steam/the steam engine 
3 Yes, it probably would because the 
nineteenth century was an age of 
initiative and innovation. 
3 
1 sentence 1 
2 sentences 2–4 
3 fi rstly, then, also, fi nally 
4 a� er the fi rst paragraph 
4 
fi rstly: in the fi rst place 
then: a� er that 
also: in addition 
fi nally: in the end 
5 
Students’ own composition. 
UNIT 10 
1 
1 price 2 food 3 atmosphere 4 price 
5 service 6 décor 
2 
Questions 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 
3 
a Contrast two ideas: although, while 
b Introduce a condition: unless 
c Express a consequence: such … that; 
so … that 
4 
Possible answers 
1 The food was so bad that I won’t go 
again. 
2 Although the service was terrible, the 
food was good when it came. 
3 There was such a wide choice that we 
couldn’t decide what to eat 
4 Unless you like fi sh, it isn’t a good 
place to eat. 
5 While they have great food, the prices 
are very high. 
5 
Students’ own composition.