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INFILTRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA
Adriana Ramos
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE SANTA CRUZ - UESC 
 Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais - DCAA
 
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DEFINIÇÕES
Infiltração  descreve o processo de entrada de água no solo, através de sua superfície, ou seja, entrada de água no solo através da interface solo-atmosfera.
Acontece quando uma superfície de solo recebe água por chuva ou irrigação
Movimento da água no sentido vertical, de cima para baixo. 
Taxa de infiltração influencia o escoamento superficial (erosão e inundação).
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DEFINIÇÕES
Redistribuição  movimento de água dentro do perfil do solo depois de cassada a chuva ou irrigação.
 Ocorre em função das diferenças de potencial
Praticamente nulo quando essas diferenças são mínimas. 
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DEFINIÇÕES
Irrigação por sulcos e por gotejamento  infiltração e redistribuição em todas as direções.
 Na aspersão e na inundação  ocorre, preferencialmente, no sentido vertical.
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VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
No inicio da infiltração, quando o solo ainda está relativamente seco, o gradiente de potencial é muito grande, e a velocidade de infiltração é alta.
 Após algum tempo, o gradiente de potencial é reduzido e a velocidade diminui; 
A medida que as argilas se expandem e contraem parcialmente os poros, a velocidade de infiltração diminui gradualmente até chegar a um ponto em que se mantém praticamente constante. 
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VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Este valor constante chama-se de velocidade de infiltração básica.
Depende fundamentalmente da textura do solo. 
Os valores de velocidade de infiltração básica (VIB) ou taxa de infiltração básica, são os seguintes:
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VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Solo Argiloso: < 5 mm.h-1
Solo Franco-argiloso: 5 a 10 mm.h-1
Solo Franco: 10 a 20 mm.h-1
Solo Franco-arenoso: 20 a 30 mm.h-1
Solo Arenoso: > 30 mm.h-1
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VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Figura 1. Processo de infiltração. 
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INFILTRAÇÃO
Infiltração
Redistribuição
Movimento
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FATORES QUE AFETAM A VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Condições extrínsecas do solo:
cobertura vegetal;
compactação pela maquinaria agrícola e 
erodibilidade.
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FATORES QUE AFETAM A VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Condições intrínsecas do solo:
textura;
adensamento de perfis;
flora e a fauna do solo;
conteúdo de água.
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FATORES QUE AFETAM A VELOCIDADE DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Condições de aplicação de água :
duração da aplicação de água,
carga hidráulica: a carga hidráulica resultante da existência de uma coluna de água sobre o solo pode “forçar” a entrada da água no solo. Portanto, deve-se adicionar água constantemente para que a variação da coluna d’água não seja maior que 5 cm.
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Consiste em se utilizar dois anéis concêntricos, sendo o maior com diâmetro de 50cm e o menor com diâmetro de 25cm, ambos com altura de 30cm. 
DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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A determinação da infiltração se processa pela medida da altura de água infiltrada no cilindro menor (interno) em tempos sucessivos de leituras. 
DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
O cilindro externo tem a função de eliminar a infil-tração lateral do cilindro interno.
Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Método do Cilindro Infiltrômetro
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Cilindro Infiltrômetro – Teste de Infiltração
Fonte: Klaus Reichardt
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Infiltração Acumulada
Gráf2
		0.5
		1
		1.5
		2.1
		2.8
		3.7
		4.6
		5.7
		6.7
		8
		9.3
		10.6
Tempo - minutos
Infiltração - cm
Plan1
		
		
		
		
				Tempo		VI		I acum
				1		30		0.5
				3		15		1
				5		15		1.5
				10		7.2		2.1
				15		6		2.8
				25		5.4		3.7
				35		5.4		4.6
				50		4.4		5.7
				65		4		6.7
				95		2.6		8
				125		2.6		9.3
				155		2.6		10.6
		
		
		
				1		0.5
				3		1
				5		1.5
				10		2.1
				15		2.8
				25		3.7						VI = 27,229 T^-0,4854
				35		4.6
				50		5.7						I = 0,5298 T^0,6014
				65		6.7
				95		8
				125		9.3
				155		10.6
Plan1
		
Infiltração acumulada - cm
Tempo - horas
Velocidade de infiltração - cm/h
Plan2
		
Tempo - minutos
Infiltração - cm
Plan3
		
		
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Velocidade de Infiltração
Gráf5
		30
		15
		15
		7.2
		6
		5.4
		5.4
		4.4
		4
		2.6
		2.6
		2.6
Tempo - min
Vel. infiltração - cm/h
Plan1
		
		
		
		
				Tempo		VI		I acum
				1		30		0.5
				3		15		1
				5		15		1.5
				10		7.2		2.1
				15		6		2.8
				25		5.4		3.7
				35		5.4		4.6
				50		4.4		5.7
				65		4		6.7
				95		2.6		8
				125		2.6		9.3
				155		2.6		10.6
		
		
		
				1		0.5
				3		1
				5		1.5
				10		2.1
				15		2.8
				25		3.7						VI = 27,229 T^-0,4854
				35		4.6
				50		5.7						I = 0,5298 T^0,6014
				65		6.7
				95		8
				125		9.3
				155		10.6
Plan1
		
Infiltração acumulada - cm
Tempo - horas
Velocidade de infiltração - cm/h
Plan2
		
Tempo - minutos
Infiltração - cm
Plan3
		
Tempo - min
Vel. infiltração - cm/h
		
		
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DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFILTRAÇÃO
Gráf2
		30				0.5
		15				1
		15				1.5
		7.2				2.1
		6				2.8
		5.4				3.7
		5.4				4.6
		4.4				5.7
		4				6.7
		2.6				8
		2.6				9.3
		2.6				10.6
Infiltração acumulada - cm
Tempo - min
Velocidade de infiltração - cm/h
Plan1
		
		
		
		
				Tenpo		VI		I acum
				1		30		0.5
				3		15		1
				5		15		1.5
				10		7.2		2.1
				15		6		2.8
				25		5.4		3.7
				35		5.4		4.6
				50		4.4		5.7
				65		4		6.7
				95		2.6		8
				125		2.6		9.3
				155		2.6		10.6
		
		
		
				1		30
				3		15
				5		15
				10		7.2
				15		8.4
				25		5.4						VI = 27,229 T^-0,4854
				35		5.4
				50		4.4						I = 0,5298 T^0,6014
				65		4
				95		2.6
				125		2.6
				155		2.6
Plan1
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
		0				0
Infiltração acumulada - cm
Tempo - horas
Velocidade de infiltração - cm/h
Plan2
		
Plan3
		
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MODELOS DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Kostiakov
Modelos Empíricos
 Em que : k, n são constantes que dependem do solo e das suas condições iniciais.
 Limitado para situações em que há disponibilidade de dados de infiltração observados para a determinação dos parâmetros da equação.
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MODELOS DE INFILTRAÇÃO
Kostiakov-Lewis
Modelos Empíricos
 Eliminou a deficiência da taxa de infiltração tender a zero quando o tempo tende a infinito.
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Equação de Infiltração: 
b) Regressão linear
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b) Regressão linear (exemplo)
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Tabela 6 - Valores de X, Y, XY e X2 do ensaio de infiltração de água no solo pelo método do infiltrômetro de anel.
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Equação de Infiltração: 
Velocidade de Infiltração (VI): 
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Determinação do tempo necessário para aplicar uma determinada lâmina de irrigação;
Estimar a quantidade de água a ser aplicada para que se mantenha uma altura de água sobre a superfície do solo (caso da irrigação por inundação do arroz).
INFILTRAÇÃO
Importância
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INFILTRAÇÃO DE ÁGUA
Bernardo, S. Manual de irrigação
Klar, A. Água no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera
Reichardt, K. Processos de transferência no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera
Reichardt, K. A água em sistemas agrícolas
Bibliografia consultada e recomendada
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Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
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Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
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Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment
conducive to problem solving and change.
*
Begin with a strong opening, relevant to the topic and your audience. Appeal to your audience’s interests. Your energy and attitude set the tone and provide momentum for the meeting.
Facilitation is a process that helps people communicate and work together. Establish an open environment conducive to problem solving and change.