Simulado 1 - Leitura e Compreensão de textos inglês

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Frank Smith is a prominent figure in the field of psycholinguistics,
particularly in the area of reading and literacy. He is a cognitive
psychologist and researcher who has made significant contributions to our
understanding of reading processes and the development of literacy skills.
According to Smith, we can say that:
novice readers frequently fail to recognize letters and syllables at
sight, but they are generally good at making accurate first
predictions
experienced readers fail to recognize letters and syllables at
sight, but are generally good at making accurate first predictions
when reading aloud, experienced readersʼ voices are ahead of
their eyes since they utter sounds before they carry on decoding
the next visual input
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SM1 Leitura e Compreensao De Textos Em Lingua Inglesa
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when reading aloud, experienced readersʼ eyes are ahead of their
voices since they utter sounds while they work on the decoding
of whatever comes next
novice readers typically manage to decode letters, syllables and
words into sounds, make predictions, and work on meaning-
making simultaneously.
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According to Stubbs (STUBBS, Michael. Language and Literacy: The
Sociolinguistics of Reading and Writing. London: Routledge, 1980), the
sociolinguistic approach often criticizes psycholinguistic on reading. That
happens because they tend to:
focus too much on the communicative purpose of texts and
overestimate the social function language plays in reading
experiences
understand reading as a perceptual process always embedded in
the social world
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overestimate collective and collaborative dimensions of reading in
order to look at it as an individual perceptual process
underestimate collective and collaborative dimensions of reading
in order to look at it as an individual perceptual process
devote too much attention to what has been done beyond the
disciplinary realm of psycholinguistics
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The sociolinguistic perspective provides insights into the complex
relationship between language and society. Based on a sociolinguistic
outlook, it is correct to assume that:
social and linguistic variables must be analyzed separately
reading is a universal skill which relies on the acquisition of
equally universal levels of grammar (that is, phonology,
morphology, syntax, and semantics).
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reading is a social activity kept apart from the influence of social,
cultural, political, and economic factors
we should focus only on the social and contextual ties that grant
reading purposes and functions in actual life
reading is not only a perceptual process but also a social activity
necessarily placed under the influence of social variables, such
as the readersʼ purpose and interests
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There is a concept that best classifies the set of relationships that bridge
different texts and text types. It is called:
Hybridity.
Intertextuality.
Multimodality.
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Morphological awareness.
Transitivity.
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Skimming is a reading strategy that allows readers to quickly extract the
core idea or main points of a text. Mark the true statement concerning
skimming.
Skimming is the best alternative for situations in which you need
to read more rapidly and more efficiently, since it avoids
diversions to focus on the identification of the core idea of the
text.
Skimming is a time-saving strategy that looks into the details to
avoid a superficial reading of the text.
Skimming offers an in-depth analysis of the text that ought to be
put into practice whenever readers need to pay a sharper
attention to minor details.
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Skimming is a strategy used for close reading –a suitable
technique for readers who cannot afford the risk of
misunderstanding the text nor the risk of leaving information
behind.
When skimming, it is best to skip the introduction, for it hardly
ever contains important clues on what the central idea of the text
is.
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The psycholinguistic approach to reading is a theoretical framework that
aims to understand how people acquire, process, and comprehend written
language. According to psycholinguistic theory, it is correct to affirm that:
if readers have made sense of what they read, they skip the
details and tend not to worry about identifying letters, syllables,
or even words accurately
readers always pay attention to the details of the text, decoding
letters, syllables, and words carefully
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readers never skip a close analysis of the letters and syllables
that form the words in a text
children always succeed at learning how to read, even if they feel
overwhelmed by the simultaneous acquisition of different abilities
traumas during early childhood never affect reading instruction;
after all, reading is seen as a natural activity in the eyes of a child
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According to Michael Stubbs, psycholinguistic theories had shed light on
many traits of reading as a perceptual activity. By the end of the 19
century, psycholinguistics had found out that:
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eye movement is linear and regular, moving constantly from letter
to letter
once experienced readers have confirmed their expectations,
they typically do not finish reading the entire word. Proficient
readers only focus on what is necessary
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the human mind tends to take in words letter by letter and word
by word so that every single detail is accurately reproduced
predictions are unnecessary for experienced readers
experienced readers pay attention to details even if they have
already grasped the meaning of the text
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Different reading strategies are suitable for different situations depending
on the specific goals of the reader. Choose the option with the adequate
strategy for the corresponding situation.
Skimming is the most adequate strategy for situations in which
you are looking for the year an academic paper was published.
Scanning is the most adequate strategy for situations in which
you are reading for gist.
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Scanning is the most adequate strategy for situations in which
you are looking for the year an academic paper was published.
Skimming is the most adequate strategy for situations in which
you are searching for the price of a one-night-stay at your
favorite hotelʼs brochure.
Scanning is the most adequate strategy for situations in which
you have to make up a reading list and decide which books are
really worthreading.
9 Marcar para revisão
Read the short text below and mark the alternative that best describes a
suitable strategy for the identification of information.
Climate change: Sudden heat increase in seas around UK and Ireland
Some of the most intense marine heat increases on Earth have
developed in seas around the UK and Ireland, the European Space
Agency (Esa) says.
Water temperatures are as much as 3 to 4C above the average for this time
of year in some areas, according to analysis by Esa and the Met Office.
The sea is particularly warm off the UK's east coast from Durham to
Aberdeen, and off north-west Ireland. The Met Office says the reason is
partly human-caused climate change.
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But other, less-understood natural and man-made factors appear to be
driving temperatures up further. Data shows sea water around virtually the
entire coastline of the British Isles is warmer than usual. Scientists warn
that intense heat like this can kill fish and other sea life, sometimes on a
huge scale. Marine heatwaves - prolonged periods of unusually high sea
surface temperatures - are also associated with more extreme weather
because storm systems pick up more energy and can become more
intense and longer-lasting.
Adapted from:  ROWLATT, Justin. “Climate change: sudden heat increase
in seas around UK and Ireland”. BBC, 19 jun. 2023. Available at:
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65948544. Access on:
Jun, 20 , 2023.
Choose the correct answer:
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The goal of skimming is to go through the title “Climate change:
Sudden heat increase in seas around UK and Ireland” as well as
the subtitle “Some of the most intense marine heat increases on
Earth have developed in seas around the UK and Ireland, the
European Space Agency (Esa) says” in search for specific bits of
information.
The goal of scanning is to go through the title “Climate change:
Sudden heat increase in seas around UK and Ireland” as well as
the subtitle “Some of the most intense marine heat increases on
Earth have developed in seas around the UK and Ireland, the
European Space Agency (Esa) says” to grasp an overall
understanding on the main theme of the text.
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When scanning, we should anticipate how the answer we are
looking for will appear in the text. If the goal is to find out the
exact temperature change, we should quickly read the text and
search exclusively for numbers. That would lead us to the
numbers “3 to 4C”.
When skimming, we should anticipate how the answer we are
looking for will appear in the text. If the goal is to find out the
exact temperature change, we should quickly read the text and
search exclusively for numbers. That would lead us to the
numbers “3 to 4C”.
When either skimming or scanning, we should anticipate how the
answer we are looking for will appear in the text. If the goal is to
find out the exact temperature change, we should quickly read
the text and search exclusively for numbers. That would lead us
to the numbers “3 to 4C”.
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Morphological awareness is an important ability when it comes to reading
strategies. It means the ability of:
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Getting the gist of a text.
Inferring the meaning of unfamiliar terms based on the
morphemes that constitute them.
Extracting specific information from a text.
Making meaning based on the syntactic relationships established
by words in a sentence.
Activating vocabulary knowledge to make sense of the text.
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