Rio de Janeiro - Wikipedia

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Rio de Janeiro
Município
Município do Rio de Janeiro
Cristo Redentor no Corcovado com Pão de
Açúcar e Baía de Guanabara (ao fundo)
Bondinho do
Pão de Açúcar
Theatro
Municipal
Museu do
Amanhã
Estádio do Maracanã Barra da Tijuca
Centro do Rio visto de Santa Teresa , com a
Catedral Metropolitana (centro), Aqueduto da
Carioca (direita) e Ponte Rio-Niterói (fundo)
Bandeira
Brasão
Apelidos: Cidade Maravilhosa (Cidade
Maravilhosa), Princesa Maravilhosa (Princesa
Maravilhosa), Cidade dos Brasileiros (Cidade
dos Brasileiros)
Localização no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Afiliações históricas
 Império Português 1565–1815
Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e
Algarves 1815–1822 Império do
Brasil 1822–1889 República do
Brasil 1889–presente
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , [ a ] ou simplesmente Rio , [ 7 ] é a capital do estado do Rio de
Janeiro . É a segunda cidade mais populosa do Brasil (depois de São Paulo ) e a
sexta cidade mais populosa das Américas.
Fundada em 1565 pelos portugueses , a cidade foi inicialmente a sede da
Capitania do Rio de Janeiro , um domínio do Império Português . Em 1763,
tornou-se a capital do Estado do Brasil , um estado do Império Português . Em
1808, quando a Corte Real Portuguesa mudou-se para o Brasil , o Rio de
Janeiro tornou-se a sede da corte da Rainha Maria I de Portugal . Ela
posteriormente, sob a liderança de seu filho, o príncipe regente João VI de
Portugal , elevou o Brasil à dignidade de um reino, dentro do Reino Unido de
Portugal, Brasil e Algarves . O Rio permaneceu como a capital da monarquia
pluricontinental até 1822, quando a Guerra da Independência do Brasil
começou. Esta é uma das poucas instâncias na história em que a capital de um
país colonizador mudou oficialmente para uma cidade em uma de suas
colônias. O Rio de Janeiro serviu posteriormente como capital da monarquia
independente, o Império do Brasil , até 1889, e depois como capital do Brasil
republicano até 1960, quando a capital foi transferida para Brasília .
O Rio de Janeiro tem o segundo maior PIB municipal do país, [ 8 ] e o 30º maior
do mundo em 2008. [ 9 ] Estima-se que seja de R$ 343 bilhões. Na cidade estão
as sedes das empresas brasileiras de petróleo, mineração e telecomunicações,
incluindo duas das maiores corporações do país, Petrobras e Vale , e o maior
conglomerado de telemídia da América Latina, o Grupo Globo . Sede de muitas
universidades e institutos, é o segundo maior centro de pesquisa e
desenvolvimento do Brasil, respondendo por 17% da produção científica
nacional, segundo dados de 2005. [ 10 ] Apesar da alta percepção de
criminalidade, a cidade na verdade tem uma incidência menor de criminalidade
do que a maioria das capitais estaduais do Brasil. [ 11 ]
O Rio de Janeiro é uma das cidades mais visitadas do Hemisfério Sul e é
conhecida por seus cenários naturais, carnaval , samba , bossa nova e praias de
balneário [ 12 ] como Barra da Tijuca , Copacabana , Ipanema e Leblon . Além
das praias, os marcos incluem a estátua gigante do Cristo Redentor no topo do
morro do Corcovado , nomeado uma das Novas Sete Maravilhas do Mundo ; o
Pão de Açúcar com seu teleférico ; o Sambódromo , uma avenida de desfiles
permanentes com arquibancadas que é usada durante o Carnaval; e o Estádio
do Maracanã , um dos maiores estádios de futebol do mundo . O Rio de Janeiro
foi o anfitrião dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 e das Paraolimpíadas de
Verão de 2016 , tornando a cidade a primeira cidade sul-americana e de língua
portuguesa a sediar os eventos, e a terceira vez que as Olimpíadas foram
realizadas em uma cidade do Hemisfério Sul. [ 13 ] O Estádio do Maracanã
sediou as finais das Copas do Mundo FIFA de 1950 e 2014 , da Copa das
Confederações FIFA de 2013 e dos XV Jogos Pan-Americanos . A cidade sediou
a cúpula do G20 em 2024 e sediará a Copa do Mundo Feminina FIFA em 2027.
[ 14 ] [ 15 ]
A região do Rio era habitada pelos
povos Tupi , Puri , Botocudo e
Maxakalí . [ 16 ]
História
Período pré-cabralino
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cidade_Maravilhosa.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcovado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Cable_Car
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_0002_14_(1)_(cropped).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Tomorrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Tomorrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maracan%C3%A3_2014_g.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maracan%C3%A3_2014_g.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barra_Panorama.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barra_Panorama.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Centro_do_Rio_visto_do_museu_ch%C3%A1cara_do_c%C3%A9u.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca_Aqueduct
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca_Aqueduct
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio-Niteroi_Bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandeira_da_cidade_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bandeira_da_cidade_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.svg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_da_cidade_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RiodeJaneiro_Municip_RiodeJaneiro.svg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil_by_population
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_cities_in_the_Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_the_Portuguese_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Portuguese_Court_to_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_regent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugalof Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio); Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV); Military Institute of Engineering (IME); Superior
Institute of Technology in Computer Science of Rio de Janeiro (IST-Rio); College of Publicity and Marketing (ESPM); The
Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF); National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics (IMPA); Superior
institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ) and Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca
(CEFET/RJ). There are more than 137 upper-learning institutions in whole Rio de Janeiro state.[122]
The Rio de Janeiro State University (public), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (public),
Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets (private) and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de
Janeiro (private) are among the country's top institutions of higher education. Other
institutes of higher learning include the Colégio Regina Coeli in Usina, notable for having its
own 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge[123] funicular railway on its grounds.[124]
Primary schools are largely under municipal administration, while the state plays a more
significant role in the extensive network of secondary schools. There are also a small
number of schools under federal administration, as is the case of Pedro II School, Colégio de
Aplicação da UFRJ and the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica of Rio de Janeiro
(CEFET-RJ). In addition, Rio has an ample offering of private schools that provide education at all levels. Rio is home to many
colleges and universities. The literacy rate for cariocas aged 10 and older is nearly 95 percent, well above the national
average.[125] In Rio, there were 1,033 primary schools with 25,594 teachers and 667,788 students in 1995. There are 370
secondary schools with 9,699 teachers and 227,892 students. There are 53 University-preparatory schools with 14,864 teachers
and 154,447 students. The city has six major universities and 47 private schools of higher learning.[126]
Christianity
Education
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_University_of_the_State_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_University_of_the_State_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Province
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Conference_of_Bishops_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Conference_of_Bishops_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Sebastian_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Region_(Rio_de_Janeiro)&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caritas_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained_glass_windows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsignor
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivo_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calliari&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_of_Narbonne&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_saint
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregational_church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_God
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Congregation_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foursquare_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabernacle_Evangelical_Church_of_Jesus&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_is_Love_Pentecostal_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maranatha_Christian_Church&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_School_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Estado_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_State_University
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Federal_Rural_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Federal_Rural_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluminense_Federal_University
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Militar_de_Engenharia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Tecnologia_em_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Tecnologia_em_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Brasileiro_de_Pesquisas_F%C3%ADsicas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Brasileiro_de_Pesquisas_F%C3%ADsicas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Matem%C3%A1tica_Pura_e_Aplicada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Federal_de_Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tecnol%C3%B3gica_Celso_Suckow_da_Fonseca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_State_University
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funicular
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca
Rocinha, the largest slum (favela) in
Brazil
São Sebastião Administrative
Center, seat of City Hall
Palácio Pedro Ernesto, in
Cinelândia, seat of Municipal
Council
Guanabara Palace, seat of the
state government
Tiradentes Palace, seat of the
Legislative Assembly
There are significant disparities between the rich and the poor in Rio de Janeiro, and
different socioeconomic groups are largely segregated into different neighborhoods.[127]
Although the city clearly ranks among the world's major metropolises, large numbers live in
slums known as favelas, where 95% of the population are poor, compared to 40% in the
general population.[128]
There have been a number of government initiatives to counter this problem, from the
removal of the population from favelas to housing projects such as Cidade de Deus to the
more recent approach of improving conditions in the favelas and bringing them up to par
with the rest of the city, as was the focus of the "Favela Bairro" program and deployment of
Pacifying Police Units.
Rio has more peopleliving in slums than any other city in Brazil, according to the 2010 Census.[129] More than 1,500,000
people live in its 763 favelas, 22% of Rio's total population. São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020), but
proportionally has fewer people living in favelas than Rio.
Rio also has a large proportion of state-sanctioned violence, with about 20% of all killings committed by state security.[130] In
2019, police killed an average of five people each day in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with a total of 1,810 killed in the year. This
was more police killings than any year since official records started in 1998.[131]
In Rio de Janeiro, the executive power is represented by the mayor
and the cabinet of secretaries, in accordance with the model
proposed by the Federal Constitution. The Organic Law of the
Municipality and the current Master Plan, however, stipulate that
the public administration must provide the population with
effective tools for the exercise of participatory democracy. In this
way, the city is divided into subprefectures, each of which is headed
by a sub-mandatory appointed directly by the mayor.[132]
Legislative power is constituted by the municipal council,
composed of 51 councilors[133] elected for four-year terms (in
compliance with the provisions of article 29 of the Constitution,
which disciplines a minimum number of 42 and a maximum of 55 for municipalities with more than five million
inhabitants).[134] It is up to the House to prepare and vote on fundamental laws for the administration and the Executive,
especially the participatory budget (Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias). Although the veto power is granted to the mayor, the
process of voting on the laws that oppose him usually generates conflicts between the Executive and the Legislative.[135]
There are also municipal councils, which complement the legislative process and the work engendered in the secretariats.
Compulsorily formed by representatives of various sectors of organized civil society, they are on different fronts — although
their effective representation is sometimes questioned. The following are currently in operation: Municipal Council for the
Protection of Cultural Heritage (CMPC), Defense of the Environment (CONDEMAM), Health (CMS), the Rights of Children and
Adolescents (CMDCA), Education (CME), Social Assistance (CMAS) and Anti-Drugs.[136]
As the capital of the homonymous state, the city is the seat of the
state government. The Guanabara Palace (formerly known as Paço
Isabel) is located in the Laranjeiras neighborhood, in the south
zone, and is the official seat of the Rio de Janeiro executive power.
Not to be confused with Palácio Laranjeiras, situated in the same
neighborhood, which is the official residence of the governor of Rio
de Janeiro.[137]
The Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ) is the state
legislative body[138] and is headquartered at Tiradentes Palace,[139]
where the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil previously functioned.[140]
Social issues
Politics
Municipal government
State government
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinel%C3%A2ndia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Chamber_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Chamber_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Guanabara_em_agosto_de_2017.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Palace
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Tiradentes.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiradentes_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favela
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_de_Deus_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifying_Police_Unit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiradentes_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Brazil
Municipality of Rio de Janeiro and its division into
zones and neighborhoods
 West
Zone
 North
Zone
 South
Zone
 Central
Zone
The Court of Justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ) is the highest body of the judiciary in the state. Its central court is
located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, but, from 2013 to July 2018, some of the courts of this court were moved to Cidade
Nova.[141]
The city of Rio de Janeiro was successively the capital of the Portuguese colony of the State of Brazil (1621–1815), after the
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822), the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889) and from the Republic of
the United States of Brazil (1889–1968) until 1960, when the seat of government was definitively transferred to the then newly
built Brasília.[142]
Despite the change in the federal capital, 59% of civil servants in the Executive Branch of federal agencies and public companies
remained in the city. Rio de Janeiro is also the only Brazilian state where the number of federal employees exceeds the number
of state employees. About a third of all federal public bodies and companies remain in the former capital, with 50 public offices,
including agencies, autarchies, foundations and public companies, such as the National Library, the National Nuclear Energy
Commission, Fiocruz, BNDES, Petrobras, Eletrobras, IBGE, Casa da Moeda, the National Archives, among others.[142]
The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-
friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North
Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), among them
Santa Cruz, Campo Grande and the wealthy newer Barra da Tijuca district. Rio
de Janeiro is administratively divided into 33 distritos (districts) named
Regiões Administrativas ("Administrative Regions") and 165 bairros
(neighborhoods).[143]
Subprefectures are officially grouped into four regions (or "zones"), taking into
account geographic position and occupation history; however these do not have
any administrative or political power over the municipality. The official
political division of the municipality takes into account historical-cultural
characteristics to divide the neighborhoods.[144] Most of its population is
concentrated in the neighborhoods of Campo Grande, Santa Cruz, Bangu,
Tijuca, Realengo, Jacarepaguá, Copacabana, Barra da Tijuca, Maré, Guaratiba and Taquara together, these eleven
neighborhoods concentrate a population of 1.5 million inhabitants, according to the 2010 census.[145]
Centro or Downtown is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial center. Sites of interest include the Paço Imperial,
built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the
Candelária Church (the former cathedral), São Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, São Francisco de Paula,
and the monasteries of Santo Antônio and São Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral.
Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the
National Library building. Among its several museums,the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and
the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important.
Within the Cultural Corridor, one of the districts with the highest level of architectural and historical preservation in Rio's City
Center is the Sociedade de Amigos das Adjacências da Rua da Alfândega (In English: Society of Friends of the Adjacencies of
Alfândega Street.), the famous "SAARA". It is an association formed by merchants who operate near Rua da Alfândega, in
Historic Center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The area is famous for housing stores specializing in popular home goods and fabrics,
with several historic buildings. The name comes from the occupation of the region by Muslim, Jewish and Maronite Christian
immigrants from the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, for commercial purposes. The region preserves examples of
various architectural styles, from Portuguese colonial, through Neoclassical, Eclectic, Art Deco and Modernism, making the
region a rich tapestry of historical architecture that refers to the city's colonial and imperial past.
The South Zone (Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador,
Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's Atlantic beach coastline.[146] The neighborhood of Copacabana beach hosts one of
the world's most spectacular New Year's Eve parties ("Reveillon"), as more than two million revelers crowd onto the sands to
watch the fireworks display. From 2001, the fireworks have been launched from boats, to improve the safety of the event.[147]
The North Zone (Zona Norte) begins at Grande Tijuca (the middle class residential and commercial bairro of Tijuca), just west
of the city center, and sprawls for miles inland until Baixada Fluminense and the city's Northwest.[148] This region is home to
the Maracanã (located in Grande Tijuca), once the world's highest capacity football venue, able to hold nearly 199,854
people,[149] as it did for the World Cup final of 1950. This region is also home to most of the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro
such as Mangueira, Salgueiro, Império Serrano, Unidos da Tijuca, Imperatriz Leopoldinense, among others. Some of the main
Federal government
Subdivisions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoneamento_da_Cidade_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Nuclear_Energy_Commission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Nuclear_Energy_Commission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiocruz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNDES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBGE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_da_Moeda_do_Brasil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_National_Archives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_Grande,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_Central,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_center
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A7o_Imperial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candel%C3%A1ria_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinel%C3%A2ndia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_Municipal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_library
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Historical_Museum_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Zone_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Conrado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leblon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipanema
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpoador
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leme_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixada_Fluminense
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_v_Brazil_(1950_FIFA_World_Cup)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_school
Aerial view of Fort Copacabana,
with Copacabana (right) and
Ipanema (left, background)
Barra da Tijuca with Pedra da
Gávea in background
neighborhoods of Rio's North Zone are Alto da Boa Vista which shares the Tijuca Rainforest
with the South and Southwest Zones; Tijuca, Vila Isabel, Méier, São Cristovão, Madureira,
Penha, Manguinhos, Fundão, Olaria among others. Many of Rio de Janeiro's slums
(favelas), are located in the North Zone.[150]
West Zone (Zona Oeste) of Rio de Janeiro is a vaguely defined area that covers some 50% of
the city's entire area, including Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes
neighborhoods. The West Side of Rio has many historic sites because of the old "Royal Road
of Santa Cruz" that crossed the territory in the regions of Realengo, Bangu, and Campo
Grande, finishing at the Royal Palace of Santa Cruz in the Santa Cruz region. The highest
peak of the city of Rio de Janeiro is the Pedra Branca Peak (Pico da Pedra Branca) inside the
Pedra Branca State Park. It has an altitude of 1024m. The Pedra Branca State Park (Parque
Estadual da Pedra Branca)[151] is the biggest urban state park in the world comprising 17
neighborhoods in the west side, being a "giant lung" in the city with trails,[152] waterfalls
and historic constructions like an old aqueduct in the Colônia Juliano Moreira[153] in the
neighborhood of Taquara and a dam in Camorim. Santa Cruz and Campo Grande Region
have exhibited economic growth, mainly in the Campo Grande neighborhood. Industrial
enterprises are being built in lower and lower middle class residential Santa Cruz, one of the
largest and most populous of Rio de Janeiro's neighborhoods, most notably Ternium Brasil,
a new steel mill with its own private docks on Sepetiba Bay, which is planned to be South
America's largest steel works.[154] A tunnel called Túnel da Grota Funda, opened in 2012,
creating a public transit facility between Barra da Tijuca and Santa Cruz, lessening travel
time to the region from other areas of Rio de Janeiro.[155]
Rio de Janeiro is twinned with:
 Arganil, Portugal[156]
 Atlanta, United States[157]
 Baku, Azerbaijan[158]
 Barcelona, Spain[158]
 Beijing, China[159]
 Beirut, Lebanon[160]
 Braga, Portugal[161]
 Brisbane, Australia
 Buenos Aires, Argentina[162]
 Busan, South Korea[163]
 Cape Town, South Africa[158]
 Tangier, Morocco[164]
 Cologne, Germany[158]
 Guimarães, Portugal[165]
 Guiyang, China[166]
 Istanbul, Turkey[158]
 Kyiv, Ukraine[167]
 Kobe, Japan[168]
 Lahore, Pakistan[169]
 Lisbon, Portugal[170]
 Liverpool, United Kingdom[171]
 Luanda, Angola[172]
 M'banza Congo, Angola[173]
 Madrid, Spain[174]
 Montpellier, France[175]
 Nice, France[176]
 Nairobi, Kenya
 Oklahoma City, United States[177]
 Olhão, Portugal[178]
 Ramat Gan, Israel[179]
 Ra'anana, Israel[180]
 Saint Petersburg, Russia[181]
 Samarkand, Uzbekistan[182]
 Santa Comba, Spain[183]
 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain[184]
 Viana do Castelo, Portugal[185]
 Viseu, Portugal[186]
 Warsaw, Poland[187]
Rio de Janeiro has the following partner/friendship cities:
 Berlin, Germany[188]
 Kansas City, United States[189]
 Moscow, Russia[190]
 New York, United States[191]
 Paris, France[192]
 Philadelphia, United States[193]
 Tokyo, Japan[194]
 Toronto, Canada[195]
International relations
Twin towns – sistercities
Partner cities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipanema
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_da_Barra_e_Montanhas_do_Parque_Nacional_da_Tijuca.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_da_Barra_e_Montanhas_do_Parque_Nacional_da_Tijuca.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_da_G%C3%A1vea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_da_G%C3%A1vea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuca_Forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_(Rio_de_Janeiro_neighborhood)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slums
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favelas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_State_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquara,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camorim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_Grande,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arganil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braga
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiyang
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%27banza_Congo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpellier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olh%C3%A3o
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Gan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%27anana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Comba,_Galicia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viana_do_Castelo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viseu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto
Downtown Rio, in the financial
district of the city
Botafogo with the Sugarloaf
Mountain
Largo da Carioca, in Downtown Rio
Barra da Tijuca
 Yerevan, Armenia[196]
Rio de Janeiro is a part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities.[197]
Rio de Janeiro has the second-largest GDP of any city in Brazil, surpassed only by São
Paulo. According to the IBGE, it was approximately US$201 billion in 2008, equivalent to
5.1% of the national total. Taking into consideration the network of influence exerted by the
urban metropolis (which covers 11.3% of the population), this share in GDP rises to 14.4%,
according to a study released in October 2008 by the IBGE.[198]
Greater Rio de Janeiro, as perceived by the IBGE, has a GDP of US$187 billion, constituting
the second largest hub of national wealth. Per capita GDP is US$11,786.[199] It concentrates
68% of the state's economic strength and 7.9% of all goods and services produced in the
country.[200] The services sector comprises the largest portion of GDP (65.5%), followed by
commerce (23.4%), industrial activities (11.1%) and agriculture (0.1%).[201][202]
Benefiting from the federal capital position it had for a long period (1763–1960), the city
became a dynamic administrative, financial, commercial and cultural center. Rio de Janeiro
became an attractive place for companies to locate when it was the capital of Brazil, as
important sectors of society and of the government were present in the city. The city was
chosen as headquarters for state-owned companies such as Petrobras, Eletrobras, Caixa
Econômica Federal, National Economic and Social Development Bank and Vale (which was
privatized in the 1990s). The Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange (BVRJ), which currently trades
only government securities, was the first stock exchange founded in Brazil in 1845.
The off-shore oil exploration in the Campos Basin began in 1968 and became the main site
for oil production of Brazil. This caused many oil and gas companies to be based in Rio de
Janeiro, such as the Brazilian branches of Shell, EBX and Esso. For many years Rio was the
second largest industrial hub of Brazil,[203] with oil refineries, shipbuilding industries, steel,
metallurgy, petrochemicals, cement, pharmaceutical, textile, processed foods and furniture
industries.
Major international pharmaceutical companies have their Brazilian headquarters in Rio
such as: Merck, Roche, Arrow, Darrow, Baxter, Mayne, and Mappel.
Recent decades have seen a sharp transformation in its economic profile, which is becoming
more and more one of a major national hub of services and businesses.[204] The city is the
headquarters of large telecom companies, such as Intelig, Oi and Embratel. Major Brazilian
entertainment and media organizations are based in Rio de Janeiro like Organizações Globo
and also some of Brazil's major newspapers: Jornal do Brasil, O Dia, and Business Rio.
Tourism and entertainment are other key aspects of the city's economic life. The city is the
nation's top tourist attraction for both Brazilians and foreigners.[205]
In Greater Rio, which has one of the highest per capita incomes in Brazil, retail trade is
substantial. Many of the most important retail stores are located in the center, but others
are scattered throughout the commercial areas of the other districts, where shopping
centers, supermarkets, and other retail businesses handle a large volume of consumer trade.[206]
Rio de Janeiro is (as of 2014) the second largest exporting municipality in Brazil. Annually, Rio exported a total of $7.49B
(USD) worth of goods.[207] The top three goods exported by the municipality were crude petroleum (40%), semi finished iron
product (16%), and semi finished steel products (11%).[208] Material categories of mineral products (42%) and metals (29%)
make up 71% of all exports from Rio.[209]
Compared to other cities, Rio de Janeiro's economy is the second-largest in Brazil, behind São Paulo, and the 30th largest in the
world with a GDP of R$ 201,9 billion in 2010. The per capita income for the city was R$22,903 in 2007 (around
US$14,630).[210] Largely because of the strength of Brazil's currency at the time, Mercer's city rankings of cost of living for
expatriate employees, reported that Rio de Janeiro ranked 12th among the most expensive cities in the world in 2011, up from
Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities
Economy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urca,_Rio_de_Janeiro_-_State_of_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brazil_-_panoramio_(14).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7ucar_-_Sugarloaf_Mountain_-_Zuckerhut_-_Botafago.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7ucar_-_Sugarloaf_Mountain_-_Zuckerhut_-_Botafago.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Convento_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_do_Largo_da_Carioca_19.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Convento_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_do_Largo_da_Carioca_19.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barra_da_Tijuca_-_panoramio.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barra_da_Tijuca_-_panoramio.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_property
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_Econ%C3%B4mica_Federal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_Econ%C3%B4mica_Federal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Development_Bank
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_(mining_company)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Stock_Exchange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campos_Basin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBX_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esso
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refineries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_KGaA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_Applied_Science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxter_International
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelig_Telecom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi_(telecommunications)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embratel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Globo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornal_do_Brasil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Dia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-finished_casting_products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-finished_casting_products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Real
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees#Mercer_surveys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees#Mercer_surveys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Real
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees#Mercer_surveys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees#Mercer_surveys
Headquarters building of
Petrobras
Replica of the Ganges River at the
scenic city of Projac, the second-
largest television complex in Latin
America[224]
Ipanema beach
the 29th position in 2010, just behind São Paulo (ranked 10th), and ahead of London, Paris, Milan, and New York.[211][212] Rio
also had the most expensive hotel rates in Brazil, and the daily rate of its five star hotels were the second most expensive in the
world after only New York.[213]
Rio de Janeiro is home to many of Brazil's largest business conglomerates. Among them are the
three largest multinationals in the energy and mining sectors: Petrobras, Vale S.A., and the EBX
Group; the largest media and communications group in Latin America, Grupo Globo; and major
telecommunications companies like CorpCo (owner of Oi and Portugal Telecom), TIM, Embratel,
Intelig, and Star One (the largest satellite management company in Latin America).[214]
In the petrochemical sector, there are more than 700 companies, including Brazil's largest (Shell,
Esso, Ipiranga, Chevron, PRIO, Repsol). Most maintain research centers throughout the state and
together produce over four-fifths of the petroleum and fuels distributed at service stations
nationwide. The Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN),[215] Ternium Brasil[216] (the largest steel
mill in Latin America[217]) and the Brazilian branch of BHP Billiton[218] play significant roles in the
mining sector. The city also hosts the main national and international groups of the shipbuilding
industry and the largest shipyards in the state and throughout Brazil, which produce about 90% of
the ships and offshore equipment in Brazil.[219]
Americanas, Coca-Cola Brasil, Eletrobras, Michelin, Neoenergia, Xerox do Brasil, GE Oil & Gas, Light, Chemtech, Transpetro,
BAT Brasil, Grupo SulAmérica and Vibra Energia are among the major companies headquartered in the city. The city has a
significant number of pharmaceutical industries, including Schering-Plough,[220] GlaxoSmithKline,[221] Roche,[222] and
Merck.[223]
Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural vocation from its past. It currently hosts the
main production centers of Brazilian television: the Estúdios Globo of TV Globo, the
Casablanca Estúdios of Record, and the Polo de Cinema de Jacarepaguá — responsible for
creating about 10,000 direct jobs and 30,000 indirect jobs. In 2006, 65% of Brazilian
cinema production was done exclusively by studios in Rio, generating 91 million reais in
federal funds through tax incentive laws. A significant part of the Brazilian editorial graphic
industry is also present. In the phonographic industry, companies such as EMI,[225]
Universal Music,[226] Sony Music,[227] Warner Music[228] and Som Livre are present.[229]
Many state-owned companies, public foundations, and federal autarchies have their
headquarters in the city, including the National Bank for Economic and Social Development
(BNDES),[230] the Casa da Moeda do Brasil,[231] the Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil
(INB),[232] the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP),[233] the Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatística (IBGE),[234] the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e
Qualidade Industrial (Inmetro),[235] the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI),[236] the Comissão de Valores
Mobiliários (CVM),[237] and the Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN).[238]
Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's primary tourist attraction and resort. It receives the most visitors
per year of any city in South America with 2.82 million international tourists a year.[239]
Attractions in the city include approximately 80 kilometers of beaches, Corcovado and
Sugarloaf mountains, and the Maracanã Stadium. While the city had in past had a thriving
tourism sector, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century. Annual
international airport arrivals dropped from 621,000 to 378,000 and average hotel
occupancy dropped to 50% between 1985 and 1993.[240] The fact that Brasília replaced Rio
de Janeiro as the Brazilian capital in 1960 and that São Paulo replaced Rio as the country's
commercial, financial and main cultural center during the mid-20th century, has also been
cited as a leading cause of the decline.[241]
Rio de Janeiro's government has since undertaken to modernize the city's economy, reduce
its chronic social inequalities, and improve its commercial standing as part of an initiative
for the regeneration of the tourism industry.[241]
Rio de Janeiro is an international hub of highly active and diverse nightlife with bars, dance bars and nightclubs staying open
well past midnight.[242] The city is an important global LGBT destination, with 1 million LGBT tourists visiting each year.[243]
Highlighted Sectors
Tourism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Projac,_Globo.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges_River
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projac
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipanema_Paradise.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipanema_Paradise.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipanema_beach
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_star_hotel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_S.A.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBX_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBX_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Globo
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CorpCo&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oi_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_Telecom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIM_Brasil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embratel
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intelig&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embratel_Star_One
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_plc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esso
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipiranga_(company)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Corporation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRIO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repsol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companhia_Sider%C3%BArgica_Nacional
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ternium_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BHP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding_industry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding_industry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_construction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanas
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coca-Cola_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletrobras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neoenergia&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light_S/A&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemtech&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpetro
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BAT_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SulAm%C3%A9rica_Seguros
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibra_Energia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schering-Plough
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann%E2%80%93La_Roche
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_KGaA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%BAdios_Globo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Globo
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casablanca_Est%C3%BAdios&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_(TV_network)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanet_Law
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Brasil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Som_Livre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_for_Economic_and_Social_Development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_da_Moeda_do_Brasil
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%BAstrias_Nucleares_do_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financiadora_de_Estudos_e_Projetos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Nacional_de_Metrologia,_Qualidade_e_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Nacional_de_Metrologia,_Qualidade_e_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Nacional_da_Propriedade_Industrial_(Brasil)&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Valores_Mobili%C3%A1rios
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Valores_Mobili%C3%A1rios
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_Nacional_de_Energia_Nuclear
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcovado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightlife
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(establishment)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightclub
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_tourism
Museum of Tomorrow
Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International
Airport
Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont
Domestic Airport
Port of Rio de Janeiro
The Farme de Amoedo Street "Rua Farme de Amoedo" is located in Ipanema, a
neighborhood in the South Zone of the city. The street and the nearby beach are popular in
the LGBT community.
The city of Rio de Janeiro is served by the following airports:
Galeão–Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport: used for all international and most
domestic flights. The airport is connected to local and intercity buses and
BRT.[244][245][246][247]
Santos Dumont Airport: used mainly for services to São Paulo, some short and medium-
haul domestic flights, and general aviation.[248] As of 2025, the airport's passenger
capacity is capped by the federal government at 6.5 million per year.[249] The airport is
connected to the city's light rail system, which connects it to several other transport
modes in the city centre.[250]
Jacarepaguá-Roberto Marinho Airport: used by general aviation and home to the
Aeroclube do Brasil (Brasil Flying club).[251] It also has some short-haul commercial
flights.[252] The airport is located in the district of Baixada de Jacarepaguá.[253]
Military airports include:
Galeão Air Force Base: A Brazilian Air Force airbase, sharing some facilities with
Galeão - Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport;
Santa Cruz Air Force Base: A Brazilian Air Force airbase. Formerly called Bartolomeu
de Gusmão Airport, it was built by the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin. Today it is one of the most
important Air Force Bases in Brazil;
Afonsos Air Force Base: One of the historical Brazilian Air Force airbases. It is also the
location of the University of the Air Force (Universidade da Força Aérea),[254] the Museu
Aeroespacial,[255] and where air shows take place.
The Port of Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's third busiest port in terms of cargo volume, and it is
the main port for cruise vessels. Located on the west coast of the Guanabara Bay, it serves
the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo. The port is
managed by Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro. The Port of Rio de Janeiro covers
territory from Mauá Pier in the east to Caju Wharf in the north. The Port of Rio de Janeiro
contains almost seven ×103 m (23 ×103 ft) of continuous wharf and an 883 m (2,897 ft)
pier. The Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro directly administers the Gamboa Wharf
general cargo terminal: the wheat terminal with two warehouses capable of moving 300
tons of grains; General Load Terminal 2 with warehouses covering over 20 ×103 m2
(215 ×103 sq ft), and the São Cristóvão Wharves with terminals for wheat and liquid
bulk.[256]
At Gamboa Wharf, leaseholders operate terminals for sugar, paper, and iron and steel products. Leaseholders at Caju Wharf
operate terminals for roll-on/roll-off cargoes, containers, and liquid bulk. In 2004, the Port of Rio de Janeiro handled over
seven million tons of cargo on almost 1700 vessels. In 2004, the Port of Rio de Janeiro handled over two million tons of
containerized cargo in almost 171 thousand TEUs. The port handled 852 thousand tons of wheat, more than 1.8 million tons of
iron and steel, over a million tons of liquid bulk cargo, almost 830 thousand tons of dry bulk, over five thousand tons of paper
goods, and over 78 thousand vehicles. In 2003, over 91 thousand passengers moved throughthe Port of Rio Janeiro on 83
cruise vessels.[257]
Rio de Janeiro's public transportation modes include city buses, coach buses, BRT, metro, suburban rail, light rail, ferries,
funiculars, vans and a cable car. Collectively, they carry over 2.6 million passengers per day.[258] The high fares on Rio's public
transportation have significantly contributed to the high levels of social and economic inequality in the city[259] and were the
main motive of the 2013 protest movement.[260] Although there is limited fare integration through the RioCard, Rio de
Janeiro's fare systems are still disjointed and not fully accessible.[261]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Airports
Ports
Public transportation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Museu_do_Amanh%C3%A3_-_entrada_(28044443423).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Tomorrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aeroporto_galeao_rj_ME.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aeroporto_galeao_rj_ME.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro/Gale%C3%A3o_International_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro/Gale%C3%A3o_International_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aeroporto_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_RJ_Santos_Dumont_2.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aeroporto_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_RJ_Santos_Dumont_2.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Dumont_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Dumont_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cruise_Ship_Costa_Serena_docked_in_Rio_de_Janeiro_(city)_-_Feb._2011.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cruise_Ship_Costa_Serena_docked_in_Rio_de_Janeiro_(city)_-_Feb._2011.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro/Gale%C3%A3o_International_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Dumont_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_aviation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Light_Rail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacarepagu%C3%A1_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_club
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baixada_de_Jacarepagu%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale%C3%A3o_Air_Force_Base
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Air_Force_Base
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_de_Gusm%C3%A3o_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_de_Gusm%C3%A3o_Airport
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftschiffbau_Zeppelin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonsos_Air_Force_Base
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Aeroespacial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Aeroespacial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_ship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas_Gerais
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_terminal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_(bus)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_Rapid_Transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburban_rail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funiculars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fares
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_inequality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_inequality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_protests_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RioCard
Public transport map of Rio de Janeiro
City bus in mixed traffic Transcarioca Bus Rapid Transit
(BRT)
Van Coach bus used for local
intracity service
Urban train from SuperVia Train of Rio de Janeiro
Metro
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail Santa Teresa Tram
In 2022, the average amount of time people spent commuting with public
transit in Rio de Janeiro on a weekday was 67 minutes. 12% of public transit
riders had commutes that took more than two hours per day. The average
amount of time people waited at a stop or station for public transit was 21
minutes, with 12% of riders waiting less than 5 minutes and 41% of riders
waiting for over 20 minutes. The average distance people usually traveled in
a single trip with public transit was 11.4 km (7.1 mi). The average distance
people walked on their commute was 634 m (0.39 miles). 11% of people
made exactly two transfers during their commute, and 2% of commuters
made 3 or more transfers.[262]
As of 2023, there are 354 municipal bus lines serving over 1.75 million
passengers per day, in addition to intercity lines.[263] In addition to city
buses, vans and coach buses running in mixed traffic, Rio de Janeiro also
has 31 Bus Rapid Transit lines running on four corridors,[264] as well as 20
bus lanes.[265] The BRT system and 3 other bus lines[266] are operated by
the municipal government while the rest of the bus system is operated by
28 private companies divided into 4 consortiums.[267]
In addition to intramunicipal buses, Rio de Janeiro also has intercity,
interstate and international bus lines. Most long-distance bus lines run to
Novo Rio Bus Terminal in Santo Cristo, close to the city centre.[268][269]
Long-distance buses also run to Campo Grande bus station.[270]
Rio de Janeiro nominally has three metro lines, though two of them (Lines
1 and 4) are operationally run as a single line.[271] The system runs on
58 km (36 mi) of track and has 41 stations.[272] Line 1/4 runs from
Uruguai/Tijuca station in Tijuca to Jardim Oceânico/Barra da Tijuca
station in Barra da Tijuca; Line 2 runs from Pavuna station in Pavuna to
Botafogo station in Botafogo.
The city also has a suburban rail system operated by SuperVia that
connects the city of Rio with other locations in Greater Rio de Janeiro. It
has 8 lines on 270 km (168 mi) of track with 103 stations in 12
municipalities (Rio de Janeiro, Belford Roxo, Duque de Caxias,
Guapimirim, Japeri, Magé, Mesquita, Nilópolis, Nova Iguaçu, Paracambi,
Queimados and São João de Meriti.).[273] It carries around 320,000
passengers per day.[274]
The Rio de Janeiro Light Rail is a modern light rail system that runs on
28 km (17 mi) of track with 30 stations distributed along 4 lines.[275][276]
The trams are the first in the world to use a combination of ground-level
power supply (APS) and on-board supercapacitor energy storage (SRS), in
order to eliminate overhead lines along the entire route.[277][278] The
network uses 32 Alstom Citadis 402 low-floor trams carrying 420
passengers each. They are bi-directional, air-conditioned, have seven sections, and eight doors per side.[279][280]
The Santa Teresa Tram is the oldest operating electric tramway in Latin America,[281] commenced electric operation in 1896,
replacing horse-drawn trams and extending the route.[282] At this time the gauge was altered to 1,100 mm (3 ft 75⁄16 in).[282] It
was designated a national historic monument in 1985.[282]: 111 After a derailment occurred on 27 August 2011,[283] which left six
dead, tram service was suspended to improve the system. The elderly tramcars, which dated from the 1950s,[284] were retired
and replaced with newly built replicas that have the appearance of the old fleet but with new mechanical equipment and
additional safety features;[285] delivery began in 2014.[286] The line's track was also rebuilt, and after some delays, about one-
third of the line reopened in July 2015. More sectionsreopened later in stages, following repair of additional sections of track.
The line was restored to its full pre-2011 length of 6 km (4 mi) in January 2019.[287]
Buses
Urban rail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_city_bus.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_city_bus.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apache_Vip_5_da_Mobi-Rio_parado_no_Terminal_Aroldo_Melodia_em_Cidade_Universit%C3%A1ria,_bairro_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apache_Vip_5_da_Mobi-Rio_parado_no_Terminal_Aroldo_Melodia_em_Cidade_Universit%C3%A1ria,_bairro_do_Rio_de_Janeiro.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcarioca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bairro_de_Anchieta.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bairro_de_Anchieta.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015-01-21_-_Evanil.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015-01-21_-_Evanil.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Corte_8_-_Trem_Serie_3000_(2).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Corte_8_-_Trem_Serie_3000_(2).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Rio_01_2013_Ipanema_Osorio_5376.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metro_Rio_01_2013_Ipanema_Osorio_5376.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VLT_na_Pra%C3%A7a_Mau%C3%A1_02.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VLT_na_Pra%C3%A7a_Mau%C3%A1_02.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_tram_06_at_Largo_do_Guimar%C3%A3es.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_de_Janeiro_tram_06_at_Largo_do_Guimar%C3%A3es.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coach_bus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_Rapid_Transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_lanes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consortiums
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercity_bus_service
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercity_bus_service
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_Rio_Bus_Terminal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Cristo,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_Central,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_Grande,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_1_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_4_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguai_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardim_Oce%C3%A2nico_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardim_Oce%C3%A2nico_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_2_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavuna_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavuna
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburban_rail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperVia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_municipalities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belford_Roxo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duque_de_Caxias,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guapimirim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japeri
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%A9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesquita,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nil%C3%B3polis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Igua%C3%A7u
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracambi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queimados
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Meriti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_Citadis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-floor_tram
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-directional_vehicle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsecar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailment
Rio de Janeiro ferry
Rio-Niterói Bridge
Bike Rio rental station in Mauá
Square, Downtown Rio
The most geographically close sister city to Rio that is on the other side of Guanabara Bay is
Niterói. Many people who live in Niterói, as well its neighboring municipalities São Gonçalo
and Maricá, commute to Rio de Janeiro to study and work. There are several ferry services
that operate between the Rio Centro (Praça XV) and Niterói (Centro and Charitas). There is
a traditional boat as well as several "fast cat" hydrofoil boats. One of the city neighborhoods
is Paquetá Island, which can only be accessed by ferryboats or hydrofoil boats. The ferryboat
to Paquetá leaves every hour, from early in the morning until around midnight. There is also
a ferry to Cocotá.
Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice
because of the large car numbers. The city is served by a number of expressways, like Linha
Vermelha, Linha Amarela, Avenida Brasil, Avenida das Américas and Avenida Infante Dom
Henrique (Aterro do Flamengo); in spite of this, traffic jams are very common.[288] Because
of the organization of the 2016 Olympics the city is installing four BRT systems to link Barra
da Tijuca with other major neighborhoods: TransOlimpica (between Barra and Deodoro);
TransBrasil (over the Avenida Brasil expressway); TransCarioca (between Barra and the
Galeão International Airport); and TransOeste (between Barra and Santa Cruz, over
Avenida das Américas).
In Brazil, most interstate transportation is done by road. A large terminal for long-distance buses is in the Santo Cristo
neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. There are also two port facilities for cargo and passenger ships (Rio de Janeiro and Sepetiba
port). Rio has roads to all neighbor States. Some roads (like Via Dutra, to São Paulo, and a stretch of the BR-101 which covers
the Rio-Niterói bridge) were chartered to private enterprises. The quality of the highways improved much, but was
accompanied by a significant increase of the toll fees. From São Paulo: take the BR-116 (Presidente Dutra Federal Highway) or
the BR-101 (Rio-Santos Federal Highway). From Belo Horizonte: BR-040. From Salvador: BR-101 or BR-324/BR-116/BR-
393/BR-040.
The city has 160 km (99 mi) of cycle paths that, wherever they exist, are very much
preferable to riding in the city's traffic. Most paths run alongside beaches and extend
intermittently from the Marina da Glória, Centro, through Flamengo, Copacabana and
Ipanema, to Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes. six km (3.7 mi) of cycle paths
traverse the Tijuca National Park.[289]
The Bike Rio began operations in October 2011. This bicycle sharing system is sponsored by
the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Banco Itaú. The bike
sharing system has 600 bicycles available at 60 rental stations in 14 neighborhoods
throughout the city.[290][291]
As of 2021 only 65% of sewage was properly treated, leaving 35% to be improperly discharged.[292] As of 2022 there were at
least 400 illicit sewage disposal points in the drainage network.[293]
National policy changes in 2020–2021 for the universalization of sanitation kept the 2007 policy defining the municipality as
the provider of sanitation service, delegating the organization, supervision, and provision of services to third parties.[294][295]
The National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA) is responsible for the setting standards regulating basic public
sanitation services.[295] In 2021–2022, distribution and treatment of sewage of the Rio State Water and Sewage Company
(CEDAE) was divided into four blocks and auctioned to Aegea (Águas do Rio) and Iguá; CEDAE remained in control of water
collection and treatmentof drinking water.[292][296] The Rio State Environmental Institute (INEA) has primary responsibility
for water pollution monitoring and enforcement.[293]
Rio de Janeiro is a main cultural hub in Brazil. Its architecture embraces churches and buildings dating from the 16th to the
19th centuries, blending with the world-renowned designs of the 20th century. Rio was home to the Portuguese Imperial family
and capital of the country for many years, and was influenced by Portuguese, English, and French architecture.[297]
Ferry
Road transport
Bicycles
Water and sanitation
Culture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BikeRio_11_2015_Pra%C3%A7a_Mau%C3%A1_706.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bike_Rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niter%C3%B3i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maric%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_XV_Station
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofoil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquet%C3%A1_Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocot%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenida_Brasil_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aterro_do_Flamengo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransOlimpica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodoro_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenida_Brasil_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransCarioca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransOeste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepetiba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodovia_Presidente_Dutra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Highway_System
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belo_Horizonte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BR-324
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_da_Gl%C3%B3ria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuca_Forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bike_Rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ita%C3%BA_Unibanco
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Water_and_Basic_Sanitation_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_and_Sewage_Company&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_architecture
Museum of Modern Art
National Museum of Fine Arts
Christ the Redeemer
Brazilian Academy of Letters
National Library of Brazil
Royal Portuguese Cabinet of
Reading
Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural role from the past. In the late 19th century,
there were sessions held of the first Brazilian film and since then, several production cycles
have spread out, eventually placing Rio at the forefront of experimental and national
cinema. The Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival[298] has been held annually since
1999.[299]
Rio currently brings together the main production centers of Brazilian television.[300] Major
international films set in Rio de Janeiro include Blame it on Rio; the James Bond film
Moonraker; the Oscar award-winning, critically acclaimed Central Station by Walter Salles,
who is also one of Brazil's best-known directors; and the Oscar award-winning historical
drama, Black Orpheus, which depicted the early days of Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro.
Internationally distributed Brazilian-made movies illustrating a darker side of Rio de
Janeiro include Elite Squad and City of God.
Rio has many important cultural landmarks, such as the Biblioteca Nacional (National
Library), one of the largest libraries in the world with collections totalling more than 9
million items; the Theatro Municipal; the National Museum of Fine Arts; the Carmen
Miranda Museum; the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden; the Parque Lage; the Quinta da
Boa Vista; the Imperial Square; the Brazilian Academy of Letters; the Museu de Arte
Moderna do Rio de Janeiro; and the Natural History Museum.
After Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822, Rio de Janeiro quickly developed a
European-style bourgeois cultural life, including numerous newspapers, in which most
19th-century novels were initially published in serial. Joaquim Manuel de Macedo's A
Moreninha (1844) was perhaps the first successful novel in Brazil and inaugurates a
recurrent 19th-century theme: a romantic relationship between idealistic young people in
spite of cruelties of social fortune.
The first notable work of realism focusing on the urban lower-middle class is Manuel
Antônio de Almeida's Memórias de um sargento de milícias (1854), which presents a series
of picaresque scenes, and evokes the transformation of a town into a city with suggestive
nostalgia. Romantic and realist modes both flourished through the late 19th century and
often overlapped within works.[301]
Machado de Assis is from Rio de Janeiro, and is widely regarded as the greatest writer of
Brazilian literature[302] and considered the founder of Realism in Brazil, with the
publication of The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (1881).[303] He commented on and
criticized the political and social events of the city and country such as the abolition of
slavery in 1888 and the transition from Empire to Republic with his numerous chronicles
published in newspapers of the time.[304] Many of his short stories and novels, like Quincas
Borba (1891) and Dom Casmurro (1899), are placed in Rio. The headquarters of the
Brazilian Academy of Letters is based in Rio de Janeiro. It was satirized by the novelist
Jorge Amado in Pen, Sword, Camisole. Amado, himself, went on to be one of the 40
members of the academy.
The Biblioteca Nacional (National Library of Brazil) ranks as one of the largest libraries in
the world. It is also the largest library in all of Latin America.[305] Located in Cinelândia, the
National Library was originally created by the King of Portugal, in 1810. As with many of
Rio de Janeiro's cultural monuments, the library was originally off-limits to the general
public. The most valuable collections in the library include: 4,300 items donated by Barbosa
Machado including a precious collection of rare brochures detailing the History of Portugal
and Brazil; 2,365 items from the 17th and 18th centuries that were previously owned by
Antônio de Araújo de Azevedo, the "Count of Barca", including the 125-volume set of prints
"Le Grand Théâtre de l'Univers;" a collection of documents regarding the Jesuítica Province
of Paraguay and the "Region of Prata;" and the Teresa Cristina Maria Collection, donated by
Emperor Pedro II. The collection contains 48,236 items. Individual items of special interest
include a rare first edition of Os Lusíadas by Luis de Camões, published in 1584; two copies
of the Mogúncia Bible; and a first edition of Handel's Messiah.[306]
The Real Gabinete Português de Leitura (Portuguese Royal Reading Library) is located at Rua Luís de Camões, in the Centro
(Downtown). The institution was founded in 1837 by a group of forty-three Portuguese immigrants,political refugees, to
promote culture among the Portuguese community in the then capital of the Empire. The history of the Brazilian Academy of
Literature
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_International_Film_Festival
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blame_it_on_Rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond_in_film
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonraker_(film)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Station_(film)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Salles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Orpheus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_Squad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_God_(2002_film)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_Municipal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Miranda_Museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Miranda_Museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Botanical_Garden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Lage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinta_da_Boa_Vista
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinta_da_Boa_Vista
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A7o_Imperial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Moreninha_(novel)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Moreninha_(novel)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_middle_class
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias_de_um_sargento_de_mil%C3%ADcias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machado_de_Assis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_literature
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Posthumous_Memoirs_of_Bras_Cubas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincas_Borba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincas_Borba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Casmurro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Amado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen,_Sword,_Camisole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinel%C3%A2ndia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_refugee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_refugee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras
Tom Jobim in 1972. Considered one
of the great exponents of Brazilian
music, Jobim internationalized
bossa nova and, with the help of
important American artists.
Tim Maia, the greatest
representative of soul music in the
country's history, from Rio de
Janeiro
Municipal Theatre of Rio de Janeiro
City of Arts
Letters is linked to the Real Gabinete, since some of the early meetings of the academy were held there.[307]
The official song of Rio de Janeiro is "Cidade Maravilhosa", which means "marvelous city".
The song is considered the civic anthem of Rio, and is always the favorite song during Rio's
Carnival in February. Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, are considered the center of the urban
music movement in Brazil.[308]
"Rio was popularized by the hit song "The Girl from Ipanema", composed by Antônio Carlos
Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes and recorded by Astrud Gilberto and João Gilberto, Frank
Sinatra, and Ella Fitzgerald. It is also the main key song of the bossa nova, a music genre
born in Rio. A genre unique to Rio and Brazil as a whole is Funk Carioca. While samba
music continues to act as the national unifying agent in Rio, Funk Carioca found a strong
community following in Brazil. With its genesis in the 1970s as the modern black pop music
from the United States, it evolved in the 1990s to describe a variety of electronic music
associated with the current US black music scene, including hip hop, modern soul, and
house music."[309]
Brazil's return to democracy in 1985 allowed for a new music expression which promoted
creativity and experimentation in expressive culture, in a wave of Rock'n'roll that swept the
80s. Lobão emerged as the most legendary rocker in Brazil.[310] Commercial and cultural
imports from Europe and North America have often influenced Brazil's own cultural output.
For example, the hip hop that has stemmed from New York is localized into forms of
musical production such as Funk Carioca and Brazilian hip hop. Bands from Rio de Janeiro
also had influence in the mid-to-late development of the Punk in Brazil, and that of
Brazilian thrash metal. Democratic renewal also allowed for the recognition and acceptance
of this diversification of Brazilian culture.[311]
Some of the best artists in the history of Brazilian popular music hail from Rio de Janeiro,
including aforementioned Lobão, Tim Maia, Agepê, Emílio Santiago, Carlos Lyra, Sandra de
Sá, Erasmo Carlos, Wilson Simonal, Cazuza, Ivan Lins, Marcos Valle, Jorge Ben Jor and
Anitta.
Rio de Janeiro's Theatro Municipal is one of the most attractive buildings in the central area
of the city. Home of one of the largest stages in Latin America and one of Brazil's best-
known venues for opera, ballet, and classical music, the building was inspired by the Palais
Garnier, home of the Paris Opera. Construction of the Theatro Municipal began in 1905
following designs of the architect Francisco Pereira Passos. The statues on the top, of two
women representing Poetry and Music, are by Rodolfo Bernardelli, and the interior is rich
with furnishings and fine paintings. Inaugurated in 1909, the Teatro Municipal has close to
1,700 seats. Its interior includes turn of the century stained glass from France, ceilings of
rose-colored marble and a 1,000 pound crystal bead chandelier surrounded by a painting of
the "Dance of the Hours". The exterior walls of the building are dotted with inscriptions
bearing the names of famous Brazilians as well as manyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Independence_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balneario
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_da_Tijuca,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipanema,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leblon,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcovado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New7Wonders_of_the_World
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_lift
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambadrome_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_stadiums_by_capacity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_FIFA_Confederations_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_FIFA_Confederations_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_G20_Rio_de_Janeiro_summit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2027_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupi_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%AD_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botocudo_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxakal%C3%AD_language
Localização no Brasil
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Coordenadas: 22°54′40″S 43°12′20″W
País Brasil
Região Sudeste
Estado Rio de Janeiro
Países históricos Reino de Portugal
Reino Unido de Portugal,
Brasil e Algarves
Império do Brasil
Assentou 1555
Fundada 1 de março de 1565 [ 1 ]
Nomeado após Baía de Guanabara São
Sebastião
Governo
 • Tipo Prefeito-conselho
 • Corpo Câmara Municipal do Rio
de Janeiro
 • Prefeito Eduardo Paes ( PSD )
 • Vice-prefeito Eduardo Cavaliere (PSD)
Área
 • Município 1.221 km 2 (486,5 milhas
quadradas)
 • Metrô 4.539,8 km 2 (1.759,6
milhas quadradas)
Elevação 2 m (7 pés)
Maior elevação 1.020 m (3.349 pés)
Menor elevação 0 m (0 pés)
População (2022) [ 2 ]
 • Município 6.211.223
 • Classificação 4º na América do Sul
2º no Brasil
 • Densidade 5.174,6/km 2 (13.402/m²)
 • Urban 11.616.000
 • Metrô 12.280.702 (2º)
 • Densidade
metropolitana
2.705,1/km 2 (7.006/m²)
Demônimo carioca
PIB (PPP, valores constantes de 2015)
 • Ano 2023
 • Total (Metrô) 285,9 mil milhões de
dólares [ 3 ]
 • Per capita $ 23.700
Fuso horário UTC-3 ( BRT )
Código postal 20000-001 a 23799-999
Código de área 21
IDH (2010) 0,799 – alto [ 4 ]
PIB nominal 2018
(Cidade)
US$ 93,9 bilhões (2º) [ 5 ]
 
Fundação do Rio de Janeiro em 1
de março de 1565
Between 500 thousand and one
million slaves landed at Valongo
Wharf through the Atlantic slave
trade[18]
Europeans first encountered
Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502
(hence Rio de Janeiro, "January
River"), during a Portuguese expedition
under explorer Gaspar de Lemos, captain of
a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or
under Gonçalo Coelho.[17] Allegedly the
Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci
participated as an observer at the invitation
of King Manuel I in the same expedition.
In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara
Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was
occupied by 500 French colonists under the
French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon
built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France
Antarctique colony. Eventually this French settlement became too much of a
threat to the established Portuguese colony and in 1560 the order was made to
get rid of them. A years-long military aggression was then initiated by the new
Governor General of Brazil Mem De Sa, and later continued by his nephew
Estacio De Sa. On 20 January 1567, a final defeat was imposed on the French
forces and they were decisively expelled from Brazil for good.
The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was
founded on 1 March 1565 by the Portuguese,
led by Estácio de Sá, including Antônio de
Mariz. It was named São Sebastião do Rio
de Janeiro, in honour of St. Sebastian, the
saint who was the namesake and patron of
the Portuguese then-monarch Sebastião.
Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara
Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city
was threatened or invaded by several mostly
French pirates and buccaneers, such as
Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-
Trouin.[19]
In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes discovered
gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de
Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious
stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, much farther northeast. On 27
January 1763,[20] the colonial administration in Portuguese America was
moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial
capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated
Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de
Janeiro.
The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only
European capital outside of Europe. As there was no physical space or urban
structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many
inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes.[21] In the first decade,
several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy,
the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the Imperial Academy of Fine
Arts, as well as the National Library of Brazil – with the largest collection in
Latin America[22] – and The Botanical Garden. The first printed newspaper in
Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, came into circulation during this
period.[23] When Brazil was elevated to Kingdom in 1815, it became the capital
of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the return of
the Portuguese Royal Family to Lisbon in 1821, but remained as capital of the
Kingdom of Brazil.[24]
Rio de
Janeiro
Período colonial
Portuguese royal period
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazilother international celebrities.[312]
Cidade das Artes (City of Arts) is a cultural complex in Barra da Tijuca in the Southwest
Zone of Rio de Janeiro, which was originally planned to open in 2004. Formally known as
"Cidade da Música" (City of Music), it was finally inaugurated at the beginning of 2013. The
project will host the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra becoming a main center for music as
will be the largest modern concert hall in South America, with 1,780 seats. The complex
spans approximately 90 ×103 m2 (1 ×106 sq ft) and also features a chamber music hall,
three theaters, and 12 rehearsal rooms. From the terrace there is a panoramic view of the
zone. The building was designed by the French architect Christian de Portzamparc and
construction was funded by the city of Rio de Janeiro.
A series of covered theaters collectively known as Lona Cultural, administered by the city's Municipal Secretary of Culture,
serve throughout the city as venues for cultural activities such as concerts, plays, workshops, art and craft fairs, and courses.
Music
Theater
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tom_Jobim,_1972.tif
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Jobim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TIM_MAIA_SONIA_D%27ALMEIDA_1987.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TIM_MAIA_SONIA_D%27ALMEIDA_1987.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Maia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teatro_Municipal_-_panoramio_(4).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Teatro_Municipal_-_panoramio_(4).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_Municipal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cidade_das_Artes_by_Diego_Baravelli-08188.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cidade_das_Artes_by_Diego_Baravelli-08188.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_das_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Maravilhosa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_contemporary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_contemporary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinicius_de_Moraes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_carioca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_music
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lob%C3%A3o_(musician)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_hip_hop
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Maia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agep%C3%AA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%ADlio_Santiago
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Lyra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_de_S%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_de_S%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmo_Carlos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Simonal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazuza
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Lins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_Valle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Ben
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anitta_(singer)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatro_Municipal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Garnier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Garnier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Opera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo_Bernardelli
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_of_the_Hours
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_da_M%C3%BAsica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_de_Portzamparc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lona_Cultural
New Year's Eve fireworks at
Copacabana Beach
Maracanã Stadium
Nilton Santos Olympic Stadium
Every 31 December, 2.5 million people gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate New Year's
in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds
of different shows and events along the beach. It is the second-largest celebration only next
to the Carnival. People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. It is
considered good luck to shake the champagne bottle and spray around at midnight. Chilled
champagne adds to the spirit of the festivities.[313]
Rio Carnival is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-
making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which
culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter. The tradition of Carnaval parades was
probably influenced by the French or German courts and the custom was brought by the
Portuguese or Brazilian Imperial families who had French and Austrian German ancestors.
Up until the time of the marchinhas, the revelry was more of a high class and Caucasian-led
event. The influence of the African-Brazilian drums and music became more noticeable
from the first half of the 20th century. Rio de Janeiro has many Carnaval choices, including the samba school (Escolas de
Samba)[314] parades in the sambadrome exhibition center and the popular blocos de carnaval, street revelry, which parade in
almost every corner of the city.[315] In 1840, the first Carnival was celebrated with a masked ball. As years passed, adorned
floats and costumed revelers became a tradition among the celebrants. Carnival is known as a historic root of Brazilian
music.[316]
Rock in Rio is a music festival conceived by entrepreneur Roberto Medina for the first time in 1985, and since its creation,
recognized as the largest music festival in the Latin world and the largest in the world, with 1.5 million people attending the first
event, 700,000 attending the second and fourth, about 1.2 million attending the third, and about 350,000 people attending
each of the 3 Lisbon events. It was originally organized in Rio de Janeiro, from where the name comes from, has become a
world level event and, in 2004, had its first edition abroad in Lisbon, Portugal, before Madrid, Spain and Las Vegas, United
States. The festival is considered the eighth best in the world by the specialized site Fling Festival.[317]
Samba Parade at the Sambódromo (Sambadrome) during the Rio Carnival
As in the rest of Brazil, association football is the most popular sport. The city's major teams
are Flamengo, Vasco da Gama, Fluminense and Botafogo. Madureira, Bangu, Portuguesa,
America and Bonsucesso are small clubs. Players born in the city include Zico, Romário and
Ronaldo.[318] Rio de Janeiro was one of the host cities of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World
Cups, for which on both occasions Brazil was the host nation. In 1950, the Maracanã
Stadium hosted 8 matches, including all but one of the host team's matches. The Maracanã
was also the location of the tournament-deciding match between Uruguay and Brazil, where
Brazil only needed a draw to win the final group stage and the whole tournament. Brazil
ended up losing 2–1 in front of a home crowd of more than 199,000. In 2014, the Maracanã
hosted seven matches, including the final, where Germany beat Argentina 1–0.[319]
On 2 October 2009, the International Olympic Committee selected Rio de Janeiro to host
the 2016 Summer Olympics.[320] Rio made their first bid for the 1936 Summer Olympics,
but lost to Berlin. They later made bids for the 2004 and 2012 Games, but failed to become
a candidate city both times. Those games were awarded to Athens and London
respectively.[321] Rio is the first Brazilian and SouthAmerican city to host the Summer
Olympics. Rio de Janeiro also became the first city in the southern hemisphere outside of
Australia to host the games – Melbourne in 1956 and Sydney in 2000. In July 2007, Rio
successfully organized and hosted the XV Pan American Games. Rio de Janeiro also hosted
the 2011 Military World Games from 15 to 24 July 2011. The 2011 Military World Games
Events
Sports
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio_New_Year_Fireworks.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maracana_2022.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maracana_2022.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio2016_Gerais_030_8069_-c-2016_GabrielHeusi_HeusiAction.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rio2016_Gerais_030_8069_-c-2016_GabrielHeusi_HeusiAction.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Nilton_Santos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_Beach
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Carnival
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Carnival
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchinha
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_school
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambadrome_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival_block
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_do_samb%C3%B3dromo_da_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panorama_do_samb%C3%B3dromo_da_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clube_de_Regatas_do_Flamengo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CR_Vasco_da_Gama
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluminense_FC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo_de_Futebol_e_Regatas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madureira_Esporte_Clube
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangu_Atl%C3%A9tico_Clube
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Atl%C3%A9tica_Portuguesa_(RJ)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Football_Club_(RJ)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsucesso_Futebol_Clube
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zico_(footballer)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldo_(Brazilian_footballer)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_national_football_team
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_national_football_team
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Final
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_national_football_team
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2012_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Military_World_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_World_Games
São Januário's (Vasco da Gama)
Stadium
Barra Olympic Park, built for 2016
Summer Olympics
were the largest military sports event ever held in Brazil, with approximately 4,900 athletes
from 108 countries competing in 20 sports.[322] Rio de Janeiro hosted the 2016 Olympics
and Paralympics. The Olympic Games were held from 5 to 21 August 2016. The Paralympics
were held from 7 to 18 September 2016.
The city has a history as host of major international sports events. The Ginásio do
Maracanãzinho was the host arena for the official FIBA Basketball World Championship for
its 1954 and 1963 editions. Later, the Jacarepaguá circuit in Rio de Janeiro was the site for
the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix from 1978 to 1989. Rio de Janeiro also hosted the
MotoGP Brazilian Grand Prix from 1995 to 2004 and the Champ Car event from 1996 to
1999. WCT/WQS surfing championships were contested on the beaches from 1985 to 2001.
The Rio Champions Cup Tennis tournament is held in the spring. As part of its preparations
to host the 2007 Pan American Games, Rio built a new stadium, Estádio Olímpico João
Havelange, to hold 45,000 people. It was named after Brazilian ex-FIFA president João
Havelange. The stadium is owned by the city of Rio de Janeiro, but it was rented to Botafogo
de Futebol e Regatas for 20 years.[323] Rio de Janeiro has also a multi-purpose arena, the
HSBC Arena.
The Brazilian martial art capoeira is very popular. Other popular sports are basketball,
beach football, beach volleyball, Beach American Football, footvolley, surfing, kite surfing,
hang gliding, motor racing, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Luta Livre, sailing, and competitive rowing. Another sport that is highly popular
in beaches of Rio is called frescobol (pronounced [fɾeʃkoˈbɔw]), a type of beach tennis. Rio de Janeiro is also a popular location
for Rock climbing, with hundreds of routes all over the city, ranging from easy boulders to technical climbs. Sugarloaf Mountain
is an example, with routes from the easy third grade (American 5.4, French 3) to the extremely difficult ninth grade (5.13/8b),
up to 280 m (919 ft).
Brazil portal
South America
portal
List of people from Rio de Janeiro
Outline of Rio de Janeiro
a. British English: /ˈriːoʊ də dʒəˈnɪəroʊ/ REE-oh də jə-NEER-oh, American English: /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ REE-oh day zhə-
NAIR-oh; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] ⓘ.[6]
1. "Rio de Janeiro Info" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081227075155/http://www.paralumun.com/citrio.htm). paralumun.com.
Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
2. "Rio de Janeiro (RJ) | Cidades e Estados | IBGE" (https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/rj/rio-de-janeiro.html).
www.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
3. "TelluBase—Brazil Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf)
(PDF). Tellusant. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20240122013315/https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_
bra.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
4. "IDNM Ranking" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140409151422/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf)
(PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranki
ng-idhm-2010.pdf) (PDF) on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
5. "Gross Domestic Product of Municipalities" (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-
domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e). ibge.gov.br. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20211105143658/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gros
s-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e) from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November
2021.
6. Larousse Concise Dictionary: Portuguese-English, 2008, p. 339.
7. "Rio de Janeiro: travel guide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/). Archived from the original (http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/) on 13
June 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
See also
Notes
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Estadio_sao_januario_cropp.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Estadio_sao_januario_cropp.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Janu%C3%A1rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Janu%C3%A1rio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parque_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Rio_2016_(2).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parque_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Rio_2016_(2).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_Olympic_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A1sio_do_Maracan%C3%A3zinho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A1sio_do_Maracan%C3%A3zinho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBA_Basketball_World_Championship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_FIBA_World_Championship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_FIBA_World_Championship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aut%C3%B3dromo_Internacional_Nelson_Piquet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Grand_Prix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Grand_Prix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_Car
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Surfing_Professionals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Champions_Cup
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Jo%C3%A3o_Havelange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Jo%C3%A3o_Havelange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Havelange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Havelange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo_de_Futebol_e_Regatas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo_de_Futebol_e_Regatas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC_Arena_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_soccer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_volleyball
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footvolley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_surfing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_gliding
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_racing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Jiu-Jitsu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luta_Livre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_(sport)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_(sport)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frescobol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_climbing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:South_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:South_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Pt-br_Rio_de_Janeiro.ogg/Pt-br_Rio_de_Janeiro.ogg.mp3
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Pt-br_Rio_de_Janeiro.ogg/Pt-br_Rio_de_Janeiro.ogg.mp3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pt-br_Rio_de_Janeiro.ogg
https://web.archive.org/web/20081227075155/http://www.paralumun.com/citrio.htm
https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/rj/rio-de-janeiro.html
https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20240122013315/https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20240122013315/https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20140409151422/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme
http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf
http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf
https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics
https://web.archive.org/web/20211105143658/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://web.archive.org/web/20211105143658/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://web.archive.org/web/20211105143658/https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?=&t=o-que-e
https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/
https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/
http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/
8. "Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090
419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf) (PDF). Instituto Brasileiro de
Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 16 December 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/econ
omia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf) (PDF) on 19 April 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
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Mayors Statistics. 11 March 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statis
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10. "Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/c
anal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html). Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). 17 June
2005. Archived from the original (http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiop
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http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Maxima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Temperatura-Maxima-Absoluta-NCB_1961-1990.xls
https://web.archive.org/web/20140827173708/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls
https://web.archive.org/web/20140827173708/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls
https://web.archive.org/web/20140827173708/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Numero-Dias-Precipitacao-Maior-ou-Igual-1mm_NCB_1961-1990.xls
https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060530/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xlshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namesake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sebastian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sebastian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Chamber_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Chamber_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Paes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_2011)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Cavaliere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%E2%88%923
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Cidade.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Pedro_Ernesto_-_Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Cidade.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cais_do_Valongo_e_da_Imperatriz.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cais_do_Valongo_e_da_Imperatriz.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valongo_Wharf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valongo_Wharf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspar_de_Lemos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Coelho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villegagnon_Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Durand_de_Villegaignon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Coligny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Antarctique
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Antarctique
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1cio_de_S%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Mariz&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Mariz&action=edit&redlink=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%27s_name
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Duclerc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Duguay-Trouin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Duguay-Trouin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeirantes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minas_Gerais
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Portuguese_Court_to_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Imperial_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Imperial_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Botanical_Garden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta_do_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Royal_Family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg
Capital US$ 14.046 (2º)
Site em .prefeitura .rio (https://
en.prefeitura.rio)
Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO
Nome oficial Rio de Janeiro: Paisagens
Cariocas entre a
Montanha e o Mar
Tipo Cultural
Critérios nós
Designado 2012 (36ª sessão )
Referência n.º 1100 (https://whc.unesco.o
rg/en/list/1100)
Botafogo Bay in 1869
Botafogo Bay in 1889
Rio de Janeiro, c. 1910s
From the colonial period until the first independent era, Rio de Janeiro was a
city of slaves. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in
1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves
reached 220,000 people.[25] Between 1811 and 1831, 500,000 to a million
slaves arrived in Rio de Janeiro through Valongo Wharf, which is now a World
Heritage Site.[26] The Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in
America.[27]
When Prince Pedro proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided
to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire while the place was
enriched with sugar cane agriculture in the Campos region and, especially, with
the new coffee cultivation in the Paraíba Valley.[24] In order to separate the province from
the capital of the Empire, the city was converted in Neutral Municipality in 1834, passing
the province of Rio de Janeiro to have Niterói as capital.[24]
As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the
Empire. It was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half
of the 19th century.[24] At that time the number of slaves was drastically reduced and the
city was developed, with modern drains, animal trams, train stations crossing the city, gas
and electric lighting, telephone and telegraph wiring, water and river plumbing.[24] Rio
continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a
republic.
On 6 February 1889 the Bangu Textile Factory was founded, with the name of Industrial
Progress Company of Brazil (Companhia Progresso Industrial do Brasil). The factory was
officially opened on 8 March 1893, in a complex with varying architectural styles like
Italianate, Neo-Gothic and a tower in Mansard Roof style. After the opening in 1893,
workers from Great Britain arrived in Bangu to work in the textile factory. The old farms became worker villages with red-
bricks houses, and a neo-gothic church was created, which still exists as the Saint Sebastian and Saint Cecilia Parish Church.
Street cinemas and cultural buildings also appeared. In May 1894, Thomas Donohoe, a British worker from Busby, Scotland,
arrived in Bangu.[28]
Donohoe was amazed to discover that there was absolutely no knowledge of football among Brazilians. So he wrote to his wife,
Elizabeth, asking her to bring a football when she joined him. And shortly after her arrival, in September 1894, the first football
match in Brazil took place in the field beside the textile factory. It was a five-a-side match between British workers, and took
place six months before the first game organized by Charles Miller in São Paulo. However, the Bangu Football Club was not
formally created until 1904.[29]
At the time Brazil's Old Republic was established, the city lacked urban planning and
sanitation, which helped spread several diseases, such as yellow fever, dysentery, variola,
tuberculosis and even black death. Pereira Passos, who was named mayor in 1902, imposed
reforms to modernize the city, demolishing the cortiços where most of the poor population
lived. These people then moved to live in the city's hills, creating the first favelas.[30]
Inspired by the city of Paris, Passos built the Municipal Theatre, the National Museum of
Fine Arts and the National Library in the city's center; brought electric power to Rio and
created larger avenues to adapt the city to automobiles.[31] Passos also named Oswaldo Cruz
as Director General of Public Health. Cruz's plans to clean the city of diseases includedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140808060530/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Insolacao-Total_NCB_1961-1990.xls
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https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060524/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls
https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060524/http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia//normais//imagens//normais//planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls
http://www.inmet.gov.br/webcdp/climatologia/normais/imagens/normais/planilhas/Umidade-Relativa-Mensal-Media-Compensada_NCB_1961-1990.xls
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41833abd7a5b8325787100687ecc/1c2bd7addb3abc13032576ac00738895?OpenDocument). Archived from the original (ht
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c00738895?OpenDocument) on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
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10 August 2015.
196. "Partner cities" (https://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/partner-cities/). Yerevan Municipal Government. Archived (https://web.a
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18 April 2018.
197. "Ciudades miembro" (https://ciudadesiberoamericanas.org/quienes-somos/ciudades-miembro/).
ciudadesiberoamericanas.org (in Spanish). Unión de Ciudades Capitales Iberoamericanas. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20220611033704/https://ciudadesiberoamericanas.org/quienes-somos/ciudades-miembro/) from the original on 11
June 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
198. "History of economy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100103124742/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/2909
2003estatisticasecxxhtml.shtm). Ibge.gov.br. Archived from the original (http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/2
9092003estatisticasecxxhtml.shtm)compulsory vaccination of the entire population and forced entry into houses to kill
mosquitoes and rats. The people of the city rebelled against Cruz's policy, in what would be
known as the Vaccine Revolt.[32]
In 1910, Rio saw the Revolt of the Lash, where Afro-Brazilian crew members in the Brazilian Navy mutinied against the heavy
use of corporal punishment, which was similar to the punishment slaves received. The mutineers took control of the battleship
Minas Geraes and threatened to fire on the city. Another military revolt occurred in 1922, the Copacabana Fort revolt, a march
against the Old Republic's coronelism and café com leite politics. This revolt marked the beginning of Tenentism, a movement
that resulted in the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 that started the Vargas Era.
Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic city center
(see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul
(South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains between Botafogo and
Imperial period
Republican period
03/04/2025, 11:36 Rio de Janeiro - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro 3/38
https://en.prefeitura.rio/
https://en.prefeitura.rio/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site
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https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nicola_Antonio_Facchinetti_-_Enseada_do_Botafogo.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nicola_Antonio_Facchinetti_-_Enseada_do_Botafogo.JPG
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niter%C3%B3i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Donohoe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busby,_East_Renfrewshire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Miller
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysentery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variola
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_death
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Pereira_Passos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corti%C3%A7o
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favelas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatro_Municipal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Nacional_de_Belas_Artes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswaldo_Cruz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Lash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Navy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal_punishment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_battleship_Minas_Geraes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_battleship_Minas_Geraes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_Fort_revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronelism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_com_leite_politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenentism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Revolution_of_1930
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_Era
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botafogo
Carioca Aqueduct in the 1920s
A convoy of M41 Walker Bulldog
tanks along the streets of the city in
1968 during the military rule. At the
time, Rio de Janeiro was a city-
state, capital of Guanabara
Satellite view of Greater Rio de
Janeiro at night seen from ISS
the neighborhood that is now known as Copacabana. Expansion of the city to the north and
south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system
after 1905.[33] Botafogos natural environment, combined with the fame of the Copacabana
Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the
reputation it still holds today as a beach party town. This reputation has been somewhat
tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade and
militias.[34]
Plans for moving the nation's capital city from Rio de Janeiro to the center of Brazil had
been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955,
it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital.[35] Though many thought
that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília and a new Federal
District built, at great cost, by 1960. On 21 April of that year, the capital of Brazil was
officially moved to Brasília. The territory of the former Federal District became its own
state, Guanabara, after the bay that borders it to the east, encompassing just the city of Rio
de Janeiro. After the 1964 coup d'état that installed a military dictatorship, the city-state
was the only state left in Brazil to oppose the military. Then, in 1975, a presidential decree
known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the State of
Rio de Janeiro, with the city of Rio de Janeiro replacing Niterói as the state's capital, and
establishing the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region.[36]
In 1992, Rio hosted the Earth Summit, a United Nations conference to fight environmental
degradation. Twenty years later, in 2012, the city hosted another conference on sustainable
development, named United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. The city
hosted the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and
first in Brazil. In the sports field, Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2007 Pan American
Games and the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final. On 2 October 2009, the International Olympic Committee announced that Rio de
Janeiro would host the 2016 Olympic Games and the 2016 Paralympic Games, beating competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and
Madrid. The city became the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City
in 1968) to host the Games. Since the early 2010s, Rio de Janeiro has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its
arts, urban culture and designed landscapes set around a natural environment.
Rio de Janeiro is near the west end of a strip (from Cabo Frio to just east of Ilha Grande) of
Brazil's Atlantic coast close to the Tropic of Capricorn where the shoreline is oriented east
and west; the city thus faces largely south. It was founded at the entrance to an inlet,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-938812-9-0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-938812-9-0
315. "Cordão do Bola Preta in Rio" (http://carnaval.uol.com.br/noticias/riodejaneiro/2008/02/02/ult5681u63.jhtm).
Carnaval.uol.com.br. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110706154915/http://carnaval.uol.com.br/noticias/riodejaneir
o/2008/02/02/ult5681u63.jhtm) from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
316. "Brazilian Music: Roots 3" (http://www.maria-brazil.org/mpb3.htm). Maria-brazil.org. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
317. "The Top 10 Music Festivals in the World" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160316135056/http://festivalfling.com/best-music-
festivals-2012/). Festival Fling. Archived from the original (http://festivalfling.com/best-music-festivals-2012/) on 16 March
2016. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
318. "Ronaldo's return to glory" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/special_events/sports_personality_2002/2556663.stm). BBC. 8
December 2002. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090313233448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/special_events/sp
orts_personality_2002/2556663.stm) from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
319. "Germany 1–0 Argentina" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689). BBC. 13 July 2014. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20140720142134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689) from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved
14 July 2014.
320. Michaelis, Vicki (2 October 2009). "Rio de Janeiro to host 2016 Olympic Games" (https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympic
s/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm). USA Today. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091003125408/http://www.us
atoday.com/sports/olympics/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm) from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved
2 October 2009.
321. "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074745/http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.sht
ml). Bid city profile and Fact sheet. GamesBids.com. Archived from the original (http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio
2016.shtml) on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
322. Rio 2011 Military Games Presentation (http://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=242&Ite
mid=100&lang=en) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110825062432/https://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=c
om_content&view=article&id=242&Itemid=100&lang=en) 25 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Rio 2011 Official
Website. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
323. "Botafogo vai administrar estádio olímpico do Engenhão" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071217095517/http://noticias.corr
eioweb.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte). Correio Web. Archived from the original (http://noticias.correiowe
b.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte) on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
Rio de Janeiro City Hall website (http://www.rio.rj.gov.br/) (in Portuguese)
back to Rio! (https://rgssa.blogspot.com/2014/07/back-to-rio.html). Royal Geographical Society of South Australia historical
piece containing images of Rio, 1914.
Rio de Janeiro Photo Gallery – Year of Brazil (http://brazil.qc.cuny.edu/gallery/rio/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
140428020058/http://brazil.qc.cuny.edu/gallery/rio/) 28 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Queens College, CUNY.
Rio de Janeiro clínica medica (https://clinicareabilitacaoresende.com.br/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202109190
70041/https://clinicareabilitacaoresende.com.br/) 19 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Imagens do Rio (https://web.archive.org/web/20051221051314/http://eayearbooks.com/rio_images.htm) . Centenas de
imagens da década de 1920 até o presente.
Rio de Janeiro – A Cidade Maravilhosapopulation of the greater metropolitan area is
estimated at 11–13.5 million. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. The official song
of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa", by composer André Filho.
The city has parks and ecological reserves such as the Tijuca National Park, the world's first urban forest and UNESCO
Environmental Heritage and Biosphere Reserve; Pedra Branca State Park, which houses the highest point of Rio de Janeiro, the
peak of Pedra Branca; the Quinta da Boa Vista complex; the Botanical Garden;[40] Rio's Zoo; Parque Lage; and the Passeio
Público, the first public park in the Americas.[41] In addition the Flamengo Park is the largest landfill in the city, extending from
the center to the south zone, and containing museums and monuments, in addition to much vegetation.
Since 1961, the Tijuca National Park (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), the largest city-surrounded urban forest and the second
largest urban forest in the world, has been a National Park. The largest urban forest in the world is the Floresta da Pedra Branca
(White Rock Forest), which is located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro.[42]
Due to the high concentration of industries in the metropolitan region, the city has faced serious problems of environmental
pollution. The Guanabara Bay has lost mangrove areas and suffers from residues from domestic and industrial sewage, oils and
heavy metals. Although its waters renew when they reach the sea, the bay is the final receiver of all the tributaries generated
Geography
Parks
Environment
03/04/2025, 11:36 Rio de Janeiro - Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aqueduto_da_Carioca,_Santa_Teresa_e_Gl%C3%B3ria_(007A5P3F13-029).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aqueduto_da_Carioca,_Santa_Teresa_e_Gl%C3%B3ria_(007A5P3F13-029).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca_Aqueduct
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tanques_ocupam_a_Avenida_Presidente_Vargas,_1968-04-04.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tanques_ocupam_a_Avenida_Presidente_Vargas,_1968-04-04.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M41_Walker_Bulldog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_military_government
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_police_militias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juscelino_Kubitschek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_campaign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_Federal_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_Federal_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_military_government
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-state
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niter%C3%B3i
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Day
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pan_American_Games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_Final
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bids_for_the_2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Summer_Paralympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designed_landscape
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Frio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_Grande
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic_of_Capricorn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carioca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Maravilhosa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Filho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_State_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinta_da_Boa_Vista
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Lage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeio_P%C3%BAblico_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeio_P%C3%BAblico_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamengo_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tijuca_Forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabara_Bay
 
Parque Lage with Corcovado in the
background
Arches in the Botanical Garden
Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon
Night storm with lightning in Rio de
Janeiro, view from Sugarloaf
Mountain
Copacabana Beach on a sunny day
along its banks and in the basins of the many rivers and streams that flow into it. The levels
of particulate matter in the air are twice as high as that recommended by the World Health
Organization, in part because of the large numbers of vehicles in circulation.[43]
The waters of Sepetiba Bay are slowly following the path traced by Guanabara Bay, with
sewage generated by a population of the order of 1.29 million inhabitants being released
without treatment in streams or rivers. With regard to industrial pollution, highly toxic
wastes, with high concentrations of heavy metals – mainly zinc and cadmium – have been
dumped over the years by factories in the industrial districts of Santa Cruz, Itaguaí and
Nova Iguaçu, constructed under the supervision of State policies.[44]
The Marapendi lagoon and the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon have suffered with the leniency
of the authorities and the growth in the number of apartment buildings close by. The illegal
discharge of sewage and the consequent deaths of algae diminished the oxygenation of the
waters, causing fish mortality.[45][46]
There are, on the other hand, signs of decontamination in the lagoon made through a
public-private partnership established in 2008 to ensure that the lagoon waters will
eventually be suitable for bathing. The decontamination actions involve the transfer of
sludge to large craters present in the lagoon itself, and the creation of a new direct and
underground connection with the sea, which will contribute to increase the daily water
exchange between the two environments. However, during the Olympics the lagoon hosted
the rowing competitions and there were numerous concerns about potential infection
resulting from human sewage.[47]
Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of Corcovado (left), Sugarloaf (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from
the Chinese Belvedere
Rio has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) that closely borders a tropical monsoon climate
(Am) according to the Köppen climate classification, and is often characterized by long
periods of heavy rain between December and March.[48] The city experiences hot, humid
summers, and warm, sunny winters. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C
(104 °F) are common during the summer, though rarely(http://www.aboutbrasil.com/modules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortalez
a.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94) . Arquivado (https://web.archive.org/web/20130213143239/http://www.aboutbrasil.com/mo
dules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortaleza.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94) em 13 de fevereiro de 2013 no
Wayback Machine , AboutBrasil.
Dados geográficos relacionados ao Rio de Janeiro (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/57963) no OpenStreetMap
Explore o Rio de Janeiro: Paisagens cariocas entre a montanha e o mar (https://artsandculture.google.com/story/_gVRoC5
gi9ZV8A) na coleção da UNESCO no Google Arts and Culture
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rio_de_Janeiro&oldid=1283430124"
External links
03/04/2025, 11:36 Rio de Janeiro - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro 38/38
http://carnaval.uol.com.br/noticias/riodejaneiro/2008/02/02/ult5681u63.jhtm
https://web.archive.org/web/20110706154915/http://carnaval.uol.com.br/noticias/riodejaneiro/2008/02/02/ult5681u63.jhtm
https://web.archive.org/web/20110706154915/http://carnaval.uol.com.br/noticias/riodejaneiro/2008/02/02/ult5681u63.jhtm
http://www.maria-brazil.org/mpb3.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20160316135056/http://festivalfling.com/best-music-festivals-2012/
https://web.archive.org/web/20160316135056/http://festivalfling.com/best-music-festivals-2012/
http://festivalfling.com/best-music-festivals-2012/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/special_events/sports_personality_2002/2556663.stm
https://web.archive.org/web/20090313233448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/special_events/sports_personality_2002/2556663.stm
https://web.archive.org/web/20090313233448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/special_events/sports_personality_2002/2556663.stm
https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689
https://web.archive.org/web/20140720142134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689
https://web.archive.org/web/20140720142134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28181689
https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm
https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20091003125408/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20091003125408/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2009-10-02-rio-2016-olympics_N.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074745/http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.shtml
https://web.archive.org/web/20080509074745/http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.shtml
http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.shtml
http://www.gamesbids.com/english/bids/rio2016.shtml
http://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=242&Itemid=100&lang=en
http://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=242&Itemid=100&lang=en
https://web.archive.org/web/20110825062432/https://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=242&Itemid=100&lang=en
https://web.archive.org/web/20110825062432/https://www.rio2011.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=242&Itemid=100&lang=en
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20071217095517/http://noticias.correioweb.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte
https://web.archive.org/web/20071217095517/http://noticias.correioweb.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte
http://noticias.correioweb.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte
http://noticias.correioweb.com.br/materias.php?id=2715287&sub=Esporte
http://www.rio.rj.gov.br/
https://rgssa.blogspot.com/2014/07/back-to-rio.html
http://brazil.qc.cuny.edu/gallery/rio/
https://web.archive.org/web/20140428020058/http://brazil.qc.cuny.edu/gallery/rio/
https://web.archive.org/web/20140428020058/http://brazil.qc.cuny.edu/gallery/rio/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
https://clinicareabilitacaoresende.com.br/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210919070041/https://clinicareabilitacaoresende.com.br/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210919070041/https://clinicareabilitacaoresende.com.br/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
https://web.archive.org/web/20051221051314/http://eayearbooks.com/rio_images.htm
http://www.aboutbrasil.com/modules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortaleza.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94
http://www.aboutbrasil.com/modules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortaleza.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94
https://web.archive.org/web/20130213143239/http://www.aboutbrasil.com/modules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortaleza.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94
https://web.archive.org/web/20130213143239/http://www.aboutbrasil.com/modules/brazil-brasil/rio-de-janeiro_sao-paulo_fortaleza.php?hoofd=3&sub=10&art=94
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine
https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/57963
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStreetMap
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/_gVRoC5gi9ZV8A
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/_gVRoC5gi9ZV8A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Arts_and_Culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rio_de_Janeiro&oldid=1283430124for long periods, while maximum
temperatures above 27 °C (81 °F) can occur on a monthly basis.
Along the coast, the breeze, blowing onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature.
Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached by cold fronts advancing from
Antarctica, especially during autumn and winter, causing frequent weather changes. In
summer there can be strong rains, which have, on some occasions, provoked catastrophic
floods and landslides. The mountainous areas register greater rainfall since they constitute a
barrier to the humid wind that comes from the Atlantic.[49] The city has had rare frosts in
the past. Some areas within Rio de Janeiro state occasionally have falls of snow grains and
ice pellets (popularly called granizo) and hail.[50][51][52]
Drought is very rare, albeit bound to happen occasionally given the city's strongly seasonal
tropical climate. The Brazilian drought of 2014–2015, most severe in the Southeast Region
and the worst in decades, affected the entire metropolitan region's water supply (a diversion
from the Paraíba do Sul River to the Guandu River is a major source for the state's most
Climate
03/04/2025, 11:36 Rio de Janeiro - Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parque_Lage_e_Corcovado.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Parque_Lage_e_Corcovado.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Lage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcovado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arcos_do_Jardim_Bot%C3%A2nico_do_Rio..jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arcos_do_Jardim_Bot%C3%A2nico_do_Rio..jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Botanical_Garden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_de_Freitas_Lagoon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana_beach
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itagua%C3%AD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Igua%C3%A7u
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_de_Freitas_Lagoon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-private_partnership
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanoramaRio.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PanoramaRio.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcovado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Brazil)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_Chinesa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_state
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_grains
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_pellets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%ADba_do_Sul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guandu_River_(Rio_de_Janeiro)
Sugarloaf Cable Car approaching
the summit
populous mesoregion). There were plans to divert the Paraíba do Sul to the Sistema Cantareira (Cantareira system) during the
water crisis of 2014 in order to help the critically drought-stricken Greater São Paulo area. However, availability of sufficient
rainfall to supply tap water to both metropolitan areas in the future is merely speculative.[53][54][55]
Roughly in the same suburbs (Nova Iguaçu and surrounding areas, including parts of Campo Grande and Bangu) that
correspond to the location of the March 2012, February–March 2013 and January 2015 pseudo-hail (granizo) falls, there was a
tornado-like phenomenon in January 2011, for the first time in the region's recorded history, causing structural damage and
long-lasting blackouts, but no fatalities.[56][57] The World Meteorological Organization has advised that Brazil, especially its
southeastern region, must be prepared for increasingly severe weather occurrences in the near future, since events such as the
catastrophic January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides are not an isolated phenomenon. In early May 2013, winds
registering above 90 km/h (56 mph) caused blackouts in 15 neighborhoods of the city and three surrounding municipalities,
and killed one person.[58] Rio saw similarly high winds (about 100 km/h (62 mph)) in January 2015.[59]
Temperature also varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of
vegetation or land use. During the winter, cold fronts and dawn/morning sea breezes bring
mild temperatures; cold fronts, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (in the form of winds
from the Amazon Forest), the strongest sea-borne winds (often from an extratropical
cyclone) and summer evapotranspiration bring showers or storms. Thus the monsoon-like
climate has dry and mild winters and springs, and very wet and warm summers and
autumns. As a result, temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F), that may happen about year-round
but are much more common during the summer, often mean the actual "feels-like"
temperature is over 50 °C (122 °F), when there is little wind and the relative humidity
percentage is high.[60][61][62][63]
According to data from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), since 1931, the absolute minimum
temperature recorded in Rio de Janeiro was 6.4 °C on August 18, 1933,[64] at the meteorological station in the Bangu
neighborhood (deactivated in March 2004). This same station, located in the city's hottest neighborhood,[65] recorded a
maximum temperature of 43.1 °C on January 14, 1984, which held the record for the highest temperature in the city until
December 26, 2012, when 43.2 °C was recorded at the Santa Cruz station.[66] The record for rainfall within 24 hours is 349.4
mm, recorded on February 26, 1971, at the former station in the Engenho de Dentro neighborhood.[67]
Climate data for Rio de Janeiro (Saúde), elevation 11 m (36 ft), (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.9
(105.6)
41.8
(107.2)
41.0
(105.8)
39.3
(102.7)
36.3
(97.3)
35.9
(96.6)
34.9
(94.8)
38.9
(102.0)
40.6
(105.1)
42.8
(109.0)
40.5
(104.9)
43.2
(109.8)
43.2
(109.8)
Mean daily
maximum °C (°F)
31.5
(88.7)
32.2
(90.0)
31.2
(88.2)
30.0
(86.0)
27.8
(82.0)
26.7
(80.1)
26.4
(79.5)
27.0
(80.6)
26.7
(80.1)
28.2
(82.8)
29.4
(84.9)
30.3
(86.5)
29.0
(84.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.8
(82.0)
28.3
(82.9)
27.6
(81.7)
26.5
(79.7)
24.3
(75.7)
23.0
(73.4)
22.6
(72.7)
23.1
(73.6)
23.2
(73.8)
24.7
(76.5)
25.9
(78.6)
26.8
(80.2)
25.3
(77.5)
Mean daily
minimum °C (°F)
24.1
(75.4)
24.4
(75.9)
24.0
(75.2)
23.0
(73.4)
20.7
(69.3)
19.3
(66.7)
18.7
(65.7)
19.1
(66.4)
19.6
(67.3)
21.1
(70.0)
22.3
(72.1)
23.2
(73.8)
21.6
(70.9)
Record low °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9)
18.9
(66.0)
18.6
(65.5)
16.2
(61.2)
11.1
(52.0)
11.6
(52.9)
12.2
(54.0)
10.6
(51.1)
10.2
(50.4)
10.1
(50.2)
15.1
(59.2)
17.1
(62.8)
10.1
(50.2)
Average
precipitation mm
(inches)
137.1
(5.40)
130.4
(5.13)
135.8
(5.35)
94.9
(3.74)
69.8
(2.75)
42.7
(1.68)
41.9
(1.65)
44.5
(1.75)
53.6
(2.11)
86.5
(3.41)
97.8
(3.85)
134.2
(5.28)
1,069.4
(42.10)
Average
precipitation days
(≥ 1 mm)
11 7 8 9 6 6 4 5 7 9 10 11 93
Average relativehumidity (%) 79 79 80 80 80 79 77 77 79 80 79 80 79.1
Mean monthly
sunshine hours 211.9 201.3 206.4 181.0 186.3 175.1 188.6 184.8 146.2 152.1 168.5 179.6 2,181.8
Source: Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961–1990)[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bondinho_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bondinho_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_by_Diego_Baravelli.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Cable_Car
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Cantareira
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Igua%C3%A7u
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_outage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_weather
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2011_Rio_de_Janeiro_floods_and_mudslides
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_humidity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangu,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenho_de_Dentro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%BAde,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_humidity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_humidity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_duration
Climate data for Rio de Janeiro (Alto da Boa Vista), elevation 347 m (1,138 ft), (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.5
(99.5)
36.5
(97.7)
36.8
(98.2)
34.8
(94.6)
33.0
(91.4)
32.9
(91.2)
32.7
(90.9)
38.5
(101.3)
37.5
(99.5)
38.5
(101.3)
37.1
(98.8)
38.5
(101.3)
38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C
(°F)
30.1
(86.2)
30.6
(87.1)
29.1
(84.4)
27.7
(81.9)
25.2
(77.4)
24.3
(75.7)
24.1
(75.4)
24.7
(76.5)
24.7
(76.5)
25.9
(78.6)
27.3
(81.1)
28.7
(83.7)
26.9
(80.4)
Mean daily minimum °C
(°F)
20.7
(69.3)
20.9
(69.6)
20.2
(68.4)
18.8
(65.8)
16.8
(62.2)
15.3
(59.5)
14.8
(58.6)
15.3
(59.5)
16.1
(61.0)
17.3
(63.1)
18.6
(65.5)
19.8
(67.6)
17.9
(64.2)
Record low °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6)
15.2
(59.4)
14.5
(58.1)
11.5
(52.7)
10.2
(50.4)
6.7
(44.1)
7.3
(45.1)
8.7
(47.7)
8.1
(46.6)
10.5
(50.9)
11.4
(52.5)
10.2
(50.4)
6.7
(44.1)
Average precipitation mm
(inches)
209.1
(8.23)
174.8
(6.88)
215.7
(8.49)
203.3
(8.00)
188.5
(7.42)
132.7
(5.22)
182.3
(7.18)
141.9
(5.59)
223.0
(8.78)
203.7
(8.02)
217.0
(8.54)
273.8
(10.78)
2,365.8
(93.14)
Average precipitation days
(≥ 1.0 mm) 11 8 11 9 10 7 8 9 12 12 12 13 122
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia — INMET(temperature records: 06/01/1966-present)[78][79][80][67][81]
Climate data for Rio de Janeiro (Bangu), elevation 40 m (130 ft), (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 43.1
(109.6)
40.8
(105.4)
41.2
(106.2)
38.9
(102.0)
36.8
(98.2)
35.7
(96.3)
36.1
(97.0)
40.2
(104.4)
42.0
(107.6)
41.6
(106.9)
41.6
(106.9)
41.1
(106.0)
43.1
(109.6)
Mean daily
maximum °C (°F)
33.9
(93.0)
34.8
(94.6)
33.0
(91.4)
31.5
(88.7)
29.0
(84.2)
28.2
(82.8)
27.5
(81.5)
28.4
(83.1)
28.3
(82.9)
29.9
(85.8)
31.5
(88.7)
32.8
(91.0)
30.7
(87.3)
Mean daily minimum
°C (°F)
23.8
(74.8)
24.0
(75.2)
23.2
(73.8)
21.7
(71.1)
19.3
(66.7)
17.8
(64.0)
17.1
(62.8)
17.7
(63.9)
18.6
(65.5)
20.3
(68.5)
21.7
(71.1)
22.9
(73.2)
20.7
(69.3)
Record low °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)
17.2
(63.0)
17.2
(63.0)
12.5
(54.5)
11.3
(52.3)
8.7
(47.7)
9.0
(48.2)
10.4
(50.7)
11.0
(51.8)
12.4
(54.3)
11.4
(52.5)
14.0
(57.2)
8.7
(47.7)
Average
precipitation mm
(inches)
204.9
(8.07)
148.7
(5.85)
155.7
(6.13)
108.7
(4.28)
74.8
(2.94)
56.4
(2.22)
43.5
(1.71)
38.8
(1.53)
81.2
(3.20)
80.9
(3.19)
105.0
(4.13)
152.4
(6.00)
1,251
(49.3)
Average
precipitation days
(≥ 1.0 mm)
12 9 10 7 7 5 5 5 9 9 9 11 98
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia — INMET (temperature records of 1961-01-01 to 2004-03-27)[82][83][84][67][81][64]
Climate data for Rio de Janeiro (Realengo), elevation 42 m (138 ft), (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.5
(104.9)
40.3
(104.5)
39.5
(103.1)
38.0
(100.4)
35.6
(96.1)
35.4
(95.7)
35.5
(95.9)
38.5
(101.3)
40.6
(105.1)
42.0
(107.6)
40.3
(104.5)
41.5
(106.7)
42.0
(107.6)
Mean daily
maximum °C (°F)
32.6
(90.7)
33.3
(91.9)
32.5
(90.5)
30.8
(87.4)
28.1
(82.6)
27.7
(81.9)
26.9
(80.4)
28.0
(82.4)
28.0
(82.4)
29.2
(84.6)
30.4
(86.7)
31.3
(88.3)
29.9
(85.8)
Mean daily
minimum °C (°F)
23.5
(74.3)
23.5
(74.3)
23.1
(73.6)
21.3
(70.3)
18.4
(65.1)
16.8
(62.2)
16.4
(61.5)
17.4
(63.3)
18.2
(64.8)
20.0
(68.0)
21.3
(70.3)
22.6
(72.7)
20.2
(68.4)
Record low °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0)
16.9
(62.4)
17.3
(63.1)
13.7
(56.7)
12.2
(54.0)
9.0
(48.2)
8.5
(47.3)
9.8
(49.6)
10.0
(50.0)
11.6
(52.9)
13.2
(55.8)
16.5
(61.7)
8.5
(47.3)
Average
precipitation mm
(inches)
169.4
(6.67)
113.4
(4.46)
137.8
(5.43)
92.4
(3.64)
52.8
(2.08)
32.8
(1.29)
43.7
(1.72)
26.6
(1.05)
48.1
(1.89)
82.2
(3.24)
111.7
(4.40)
163.9
(6.45)
1,074.8
(42.31)
Average
precipitation days
(≥ 1.0 mm)
12 9 10 7 7 5 5 5 9 9 9 11 98
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia — INMET (temperature records of 1971-04-01 to 1976-10-31, 1986-06-01 to 1986-11-30 and 1999-01-01 to
present)[85][86][87]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_da_Boa_Vista,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Meteorologia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangu,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Meteorologia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realengo,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Meteorologia
Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1872 274,972 — 
1890 522,651 +90.1%
1900 811,443 +55.3%
1920 1,157,873 +42.7%
1940 1,764,141 +52.4%
1950 2,377,451 +34.8%
1960 3,281,908 +38.0%
1970 4,251,918 +29.6%
1980 5,090,700 +19.7%
1991 5,336,179 +4.8%
2000 5,851,914 +9.7%
2010 6,320,446 +8.0%
2022 6,211,223 −1.7%
[91]
Race and ethnicity in Rio de Janeiro
Ethnicity Percentage
White 45.4%
Pardo
(Multiracial) 38.7%
Black 15.6%
Asian 0.2%
Amerindian 0.1%
Climate data for Rio de Janeiro (Santa Cruz), elevation 63 m (207 ft), (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.5
(108.5)
41.5
(106.7)
40.1
(104.2)
38.5
(101.3)
36.0
(96.8)
35.2
(95.4)
36.0
(96.8)
39.1
(102.4)
41.2
(106.2)
41.2
(106.2)
40.5
(104.9)
43.2
(109.8)
43.2
(109.8)
Mean daily
maximum °C (°F)
32.7
(90.9)
33.6
(92.5)
32.3
(90.1)
30.8
(87.4)
28.2
(82.8)
27.6
(81.7)
26.7
(80.1)
27.7
(81.9)
27.4
(81.3)
28.7
(83.7)
30.0
(86.0)
31.2
(88.2)
29.7
(85.5)
Mean daily
minimum °C (°F)
22.9
(73.2)
23.1
(73.6)
22.6
(72.7)
21.4
(70.5)
19.1
(66.4)
18.0
(64.4)
17.3
(63.1)
17.8
(64.0)
18.5
(65.3)
19.7
(67.5)
20.9
(69.6)
22.0
(71.6)
20.3
(68.5)
Record low °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)
17.8
(64.0)
16.4
(61.5)
13.2
(55.8)
12.0
(53.6)
9.0
(48.2)
9.7
(49.5)
11.6
(52.9)
11.3
(52.3)
13.3
(55.9)
14.6
(58.3)
16.1
(61.0)
9.0
(48.2)
Average
precipitation mm
(inches)
143.8
(5.66)
100.1
(3.94)
110.6
(4.35)
101.3
(3.99)
67.7
(2.67)
48.0
(1.89)
52.2
(2.06)
36.7
(1.44)
71.4
(2.81)
76.7
(3.02)
92.8
(3.65)
138.9
(5.47)
1,040.2
(40.95)
Average
precipitationdays
(≥ 1.0 mm)
11 8 9 7 7 5 6 6 8 8 9 11 95
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia — INMET (temperature records of 1963-01-01 to 1994-10-16 and 1998-05-04 to present)[88][89][90]
According to the 2010 IBGE Census, there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio
de Janeiro.[92] Since 1960, when it was surpassed by São Paulo, the city of Rio de Janeiro
has been the second-most populous city in Brazil.[93]
The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: White Brazilian (45.4% or 2,821,619);
Mixed (38.7% or 2,403,895); Black (15.6% or 968,428); Asian (10,514 or 0.2%); Indigenous
(6,531 or 0.1%).[94] The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male.[95]
The black community was formed by residents whose ancestors had been brought as slaves,
mostly from Angola and Mozambique, as well by people of Angolan, Mozambican and West
African descent who moved to Rio from other parts of Brazil. Nearly half of the city's
population is by phenotype mixed or black.[96] White in Brazil is defined more by having a
European-looking phenotype rather than ancestry, and two full siblings can be of different
"racial" categories[97] in a skin color and phenotype continuum from pálido (branco) or fair-
skinned, through branco moreno or swarthy Caucasian, mestiço claro or lighter skinned
multiracial, pardo (mixed race) to negro or black. Pardo, for example, in popular usage
includes those who are caboclos (mestizos), mulatos (mulattoes), cafuzos (zambos), juçaras (archaic term for tri-racials) and
westernized Amerindians (which are called caboclos as well), being more of a skin color rather than a racial group in particular.
Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de
Janeiro. Before European colonization, there were at least seven different
indigenous peoples speaking 20 languages in the region. A part of them joined the
Portuguese and the other the French. Those who joined the French were then
exterminated by the Portuguese, while the other part was assimilated.[98]
Rio de Janeiro is home to the largest Portuguese population outside of Lisbon in
Portugal.[99] After independence from Portugal, Rio de Janeiro became a
destination for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from Portugal, mainly in the
early 20th century. The immigrants were mostly poor peasants who subsequently found prosperity in Rio as city workers and
small traders.[100]
The Portuguese cultural influence is still seen in many parts of the city (and many other parts of the state of Rio de Janeiro),
including architecture and language. Most Brazilians with some cultural contact with Rio know how to easily differentiate
between the local dialect, Carioca , and other Brazilian dialects. People of Portuguese ancestry predominate in most of the
state. The Brazilian census of 1920 showed that 39.7% of the Portuguese who lived in Brazil lived in Rio de Janeiro. Including
all of the Rio de Janeiro, the proportion raised to 46.3% of the Portuguese who lived in Brazil. The numerical presence of the
Portuguese was extremely high, accounting for 72% of the foreigners who lived in the capital. Portuguese born people
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Immigration and migration
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial#Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Brazilians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Rio_de_Janeiro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Meteorologia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brazilian_census
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moreno
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caboclo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestizo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulattoes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafuzo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial#Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian
Portuguese immigrant in
Rio de Janeiro, considered
the largest "Portuguese
city" outside Portugal[101]
Genomic ancestry of non-related individuals in Rio de Janeiro[105]
Race or skin color Number of individuals Amerindian African European
White 107 6.7% 6.9% 86.4%
Pardo (Mixed race) 119 8.3% 23.6% 68.1%
Black 109 7.3% 50.9% 41.8%
Religion in Rio de Janeiro (2010 Census)[109]
Religion Percent
Roman
Catholicism 51.1%
Protestantism 23.4%
Other Christian 2.4%
No religion 13.6%
Spiritism 5.9%
Others 3.6%
Christ the Redeemer
accounted for 20.4% of the population of Rio, and those with a Portuguese father or a Portuguese
mother accounted for 30.8%. In other words, native born Portuguese and their children accounted
for 51.2% of the inhabitants of Rio, or a total of 267,664 people in 1890.[102]
Rio de Janeiro city (1890)
Group Population Percentage[103]
Portuguese immigrants 106,461 20.4%
Brazilians with at least one Portuguese parent 161,203 30.8%
Portuguese immigrants and their descendants 267,664 51.2%
As a result of the influx of immigrants to Brazil from the late 19th to the early 20th century, also
found in Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan area are communities of Levantine Arabs who are
mostly Christian or Irreligious, Spaniards, Italians, Germans, Japanese,[104]
According to an autosomal DNA study from 2009, conducted on a school in the poor suburb of Rio
de Janeiro, the "pardos" there were found to be on average about 80% European, and the "whites"
(who thought of themselves as "very mixed") were found
to carry very little Amerindian and/or African
admixtures. The results of the tests of genomic ancestry
are quite different from the self made estimates of
European ancestry. In general, the test results showed
that European ancestry is far more important than the
students thought it would be. The "pardos" for example
thought of themselves as 1⁄3 European, 1⁄3 African and 1⁄3
Amerindian before the tests, and yet their ancestry on average reached 80% European.[106][107] Other studies showed similar
results[105][108]
Religion in Rio de Janeiro is diverse, with Catholic Christianity being the majority
religion. According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and
Statistics (IBGE), in 2010 the population of Rio de Janeiro had 3,229,192 Roman
Catholics (51.1%), 1,477,021 Protestants (23.4%), 372.851 Spiritists (5.9%), 37,974
Jehovah's Witnesses (0.6%), 75,075 Buddhists (0.2%), 52,213 Umbanda (0.8%),
21,800 Jews (0.3%), 25,743 Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (0.4%), 16,776
new eastern religious (0.2%), 28,843 Candomblé (0.4%), 3,853 Mormons
((