Organophosphorus ed6 _Redacted_Extracted

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TOXICOLOGY: PART 2
Agricuttural poisons :
I. Insecticides :
organophosphates, celphos, organochlorines.
most commonlų used as suicidal poison in India.
a. Rodenticides.
Organophosphorus (0P) poisoning
There are two types :
Alkyl phosphates > malatthion.
Aryl phosphate → Parathion (ollido), diazinon (TiK ac).
organophosphates
malathion, parathion,
diazinon.
Irreversibly inhibits
acetyl choline esterase.
Antidotes are atropine
and oximes.
Efect is cholinergic.
eradycardia.
Aldicarb, D
Smels like keroserne due to aroma).
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Nicotinic effect:
esterase.
muscarinic efect:mnemonic > esc.
Chromolacryorrhoea.
eaygon,
paralysis
inhibition of acety!
Atropine can be used, but
Oximes are contraindicated.
Constriction of pupil (miosis).
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Secretions are inereased →Red tearsdue to
secretion of porphurins into tears -→
muscle weakness, muscle fasciculations leading to
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Central efects :
Tremor, headache and confusion.
Drug of choice : Atropine, inhibits both the central and
muscarinic effects of organophosphates.
Oximes inhibit the formation of nicotinic effects
predominantly
Investigations :
I0C is RBc cholinesterase > most specit.
 conArmatory test.
Post mortem exoamination:
Shous signs of asphyxia.
Congestion of organs.
Puimonary edema.
Treatment:
Gastric
concentratio
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potassium permanganate at a
Antidotessare atropine and oximes.
Endrin
|:5O00.
Carbamates have nearly absent CNS toxicity, as it cannot
penetrate CNS.
Belongs to organochlorine compounds.
other organochlorine compounds are aldrin, DDT, lindane.
AKA Plant penicillin.
Acts by the inhibition of GABA mediated chloride channels.
CNS stimulant.
Causes incoordination, ataxia and convulsions.
compound).
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Kepone shakes, uwhich is the tremor of the head and hands,
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are seen in chlordecone poisoning (troade name is hepone,
another organochiorine
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No specitc antidote.
Treated with gastric lavage.
Celphos
Aluminium phosphide (Ale,).
t liberates phosphine gas (PH,).
Phosphine ihibits the aytochrome oxidase enzyme.
Garlicky smell.
Fatal dose : |to 3 tablets.
Cause of deatth Cardiogenic shock.
Centrizonal neerosis is seen in liver.
Has no specite antidote.
Gastric lavage is done.
kumarąnkitindia1@gmąil.com
magnesimsulphate is qiventoneutralize
Similar to aluminium hie
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Zinc phosphide
used as a rodenticide.
Corrosive poisons
Acids > Causes coagulative neerosis.
Alkali → Causes liquefactive necrosis.
Causes more damage.
Hydroluoric acid causes liquetactive necrosis.
eg : Ammonia, sodium hydroxide (ye).
Inorganic acids :
Sulfuric acid → oil of vitriol.
slower in action.
Nitric acid → Aqua fortis.
Acts locally, sustemic effects are absent.
Sulturic acid (H,So,) :
Strongest acid.
Fatal dose : 5 to IO mL.
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Fatal period : 18 to a4 hours (can be remembered as I5 to
ao hours).
earliest symptom is pharyngeal spasm/ pain.
Immediate cause of deatth : Circulatory collapse.
Delayed cause of deatth Perforation -→ Peritonitis.
Starvation and dehycration due to stricture formation.
Chalky white teeth due to erosion.
mucosa and orqans are black and necrosed.
Gastric mucosa → elotting paper mucoSa.
Treatment:
magnesium oxide is applied topicallų over the skin burns
ater washing thoroughly with water.
Gjastric lavage is contraindicated.
Alkaline carbonates
cause perforation.
Iv luids.
Vitriolage:
Acid
a
Comes under IPC 3aGA (acid attack) and 3abe attempt to
throw acid).
-→ Not used as it can
Some platjuices are also used → Semicarpus anacardum.
Calotropis.
Nitric acid ( HNO, )
Alkalican be used to neutralize the acid in the burn.
ASA Aqua fortis/Tez2aab.
Causes yellowish discolouration of skin, mucosa, teeth and
tissue.
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Due to formation of picrie acid Prom tyrosine.
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This reaction is Known as Xanthoproteic reaction.
mucosa oand urine can become brown colored > Hematin
production
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Organic acids
organic acids act locally and systemically
Oxalic acid :
Also Known as acid of sugar.
used aS an ink remover.
Seen in some vegetoables like spinach, cabbage, tomato.
Fatal dose :IS to aO
In the body, it forms calcium oxalate
Treatment:
cofee around vomitus (brouwn colour) is seen > Hematin
• Calcium lactate.
Calcium qluconate io.
Chalk pouder / wall seraping (contains
neutralize.
Oxaluria, oxalate crystals in urine
Renal stones.
Renal failure.
PCT necrosis.
Carbolic acid:
AKA Phenol.
t is an antiseptic.
Clinical features are :
Acute poisoning > Carbolism.
Constriction of pupil.
Deposition in cartilages → Ochronosis.
Symptoms of
hypocalcemia.
Causes PCT necerosis.
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Carboluria with dark qreen coloured urine.
green urine and ochronosis.
Chronic carbolic acid poisoning > phenolic marasmus.
Ochronosis is also seen in alkaptonuria
formation.
is used to
which causes :
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Pyrocatechol and hydroquinone are the cause Por dark
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Leathery mucosa.
Delays decomposition of body
Treatment:
Gastric lavage can be done.
Olive oil can be used for gastric lavage.
Boric acid :
kumarankitindia1@gmail.com
Causes boiled lobster syndrome > Desquamation of skin.
Alkali poisoning
more dangerous.
Charring/eschar formation is absent or less.
esophageal spasm is more common.
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