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Step 1 of 5 15.031P (a) Refer to Figure 15.31 in the textbook. Consider initially the output voltage is zero and at , the input voltage is raised to The PMOS transistor acts as ON switch and the output voltage reaches to Therefore the final value of the output is Step 2 of 5 (b) Consider initially the output voltage is and at is lowered to The PMOS transistor acts as OFF switch and the output voltage reaches minimum value that is equal to Therefore the final value of the output is V, Step 3 of 5 (c) Determine the average discharge current Average discharge current is the average of the iD at and the iD at Determine at = 0, = (1) Replace 125 for , 1.2 for 0 for and 0.4 for in equation 1. = Step 4 of 5 Determine iD Replace 125 for k, , 1.2 for , 0.6 for and 0.4 for in equation 2. Step 5 of 5 Consider = Consider C(0.6) = Therefore, the low-to-high propagation delay of PMOS transistor is 28235.2C s