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CHAPTER 4 107 
 
substituent,” and we assign a name based on numbers 
going away from the parent: 
 
 
 
(b) First we identify the parent chain (nonane), and then 
we identify any alkyl substituents connected to the 
parent. In this case, one of the highlighted substituents is 
complex, so we treat it as a “substituent on a 
substituent,” and we assign a name based on numbers 
going away from the parent: 
 
 
 
(c) First we identify the parent chain (nonane), and then 
we identify any alkyl substituents connected to the 
parent. In this case, the substituent (highlighted) is 
complex, so we treat it as a “substituent on a 
substituent,” and we assign a name based on numbers 
going away from the parent: 
 
 
 
(d) First we identify the parent chain (cyclohexane), and 
then we identify any alkyl substituents connected to the 
parent. In this case, all four substituents (highlighted) 
are complex, so we treat each of them as a “substituent 
on a substituent,” and we assign a name based on 
numbers going away from the parent: 
 
 
4.7. We treat this complex substituent as a “substituent 
on a substituent.” The longest chain that starts at the 
attachment point has six carbon atoms, so this is a hexyl 
group. Then we assign numbers such that the attachment 
point is carbon 1. With this numbering scheme, shown 
below, there are two methyl substituents at positions 1 
and 5, so the name of the side chain is (1,5-
dimethylhexyl). 
 
 
 
4.8. For each of the following compounds, we assign its 
name via a four-step process: First identify the parent, 
then the substituents, then assign locants, and finally, 
arrange the substituents alphabetically. In each case, use 
commas to separate numbers from each other, and use 
hyphens to separate letters from numbers. 
 
(a) 3,4,6-trimethyloctane 
(b) sec-butylcyclohexane 
(c) 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane 
(d) 3-isopropyl-2,4-dimethylpentane 
(e) 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane 
(f) 2-cyclohexyl-4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyloctane 
(g) 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-4-propylheptane 
(h) 2,2,6,6,7,7-hexamethylnonane 
(i) 4-tert-butylheptane 
(j) 1,3-diisopropylcyclopentane 
(k) 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane 
 
4.9. 
(a) The name indicates that the parent is a five-carbon 
chain and there are three substituents (a methyl group at 
C2, an isopropyl group at C3 and another methyl group 
at C4): 
2
1 3
4
5
 
 
(b) The name indicates that the parent is a six-carbon 
chain and there are two substituents (a methyl group at 
C2 and an ethyl group at C4): 
 
 
(c) The name indicates that the parent is a three-
membered ring and there are four substituents (all methyl 
groups), as shown: 
 
 
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