LI2_02

Prévia do material em texto

LITERATURA INGLESA II
Lesson 2: Romanticis - The Romantic Poetry
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Class content:
• The first and second generation of Romantic poets.
The works of Blake, Byron and Keats 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The history of poetry is as long as the history of modern man.  Many scholars  believe poetry predates literacy. The oldest written works on Earth are all presented in some poetic form. The style is believed to have aided memorization and oral transmission. 
Ancient Greeks were fond of relaying historical events in the form of poetry. Homer’s Odyssey and  Iliad  
Poetry as an art form predates literacy. In preliterate societies, poetry was frequently employed as a means of recording oral history, storytelling (epic poetry), genealogy, law and other forms of expression or knowledge that modern societies might expect to be handled in prose. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Romanticism in English literature began in the 1790s with the publication of the Lyrical Ballads of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Wordsworth's "Preface" to the second edition (1800) of Lyrical Ballads, in which he described poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings," became the manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry. William Blake was the third principal poet of the movement's early phase in England. The first phase of the Romantic movement in Germany was marked by innovations in both content and literary style and by a preoccupation with the mystical, the subconscious, and the supernatural. A wealth of talents, including Friedrich Hölderlin, the early Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Friedrich Schlegel, Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder belong to this first phase. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
ROMANTIC POETRY
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress), movement in German literature that flourished from c.1770 to c.1784. It takes its name from a play by F. M. von Klinger, Wirrwarr; oder, Sturm und Drang (1776). The ideas of Rousseau were a major stimulus of the movement, but it evolved more immediately from the influence of Herder, Lessing, and others. With Sturm und Drang, German authors became cultural leaders of Europe, writing literature that was revolutionary in its stress on subjectivity and on the unease of man in contemporary society. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The movement was distinguished also by the intensity with which it developed the theme of youthful genius in rebellion against accepted standards, by its enthusiasm for nature, and by its rejection of the rules of 18th-century neoclassical style. The great figure of the movement was Goethe. The young writers also were influenced by the works of the English poet Edward Young 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Romantic Poets: First Generation
English Romanticism started in the 1740s.The word Romanticism derives from the French word "Romance", which referred to the vernacular languages derived from Latin and to the works written in those languages. Even in England there were cycles of "romances" dealing with the adventures of knights and containing supernatural element. Roamnticism attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH: William Wordsworth was born at Cockermouth in Cumberland, son of John Wordsworth, He died in 1850 (80) and was buried in Grasmere churchyard. 
“Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher.”
“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”
“Suffering is permanent, obscure and dark, And shares the nature of infinity.”
“Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart.” 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Among All Lovely Things My Love Had Been
AMONG all lovely things my Love had been; Had noted well the stars, all flowers that grew About her home; but she had never seen A glow-worm, never one, and this I knew. While riding near her home one stormy night A single glow-worm did I chance to spy; I gave a fervent welcome to the sight, And from my horse I leapt; great joy had I. Upon a leaf the glow-worm did I lay, To bear it with me through the stormy night:  And, as before, it shone without dismay; Albeit putting forth a fainter light. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
When to the dwelling of my Love I came, I went into the orchard quietly; And left the glow-worm, blessing it by name, Laid safely by itself, beneath a tree. The whole next day, I hoped, and hoped with fear; At night the glow-worm shone beneath the tree; I led my Lucy to the spot, 'Look here,' Oh! joy it was for her, and joy for me!  
William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850) 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The Sparrow's Nest
BEHOLD, within the leafy shade, Those bright blue eggs together laid! On me the chance-discovered sight Gleamed like a vision of delight. I started---seeming to espy The home and sheltered bed, The Sparrow's dwelling, which, hard by My Father' house, in wet or dry My sister Emmeline and I Together visited. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
She looked at it and seemed to fear it; Dreading, tho' wishing, to be near it: Such heart was in her, being then A little Prattler among men. The Blessing of my later year Was with me when a boy: She gave me eyes, she gave me ears; And humble care, and delicate fears; A heart, the fountain of sweet tears; And love, and thought, and joy.  
William Wordsworth
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Romantic Poets: Second Generation
	
The second phase of Romanticism, comprising the period from about 1805 to the 1830s, was marked by a quickening of cultural nationalism and a new attention to national origins, as attested by the collection and imitation of native folklore, folk ballads and poetry, folk dance and music, and even previously ignored medieval and Renaissance works. The revived historical appreciation was translated into imaginative writing by Sir Walter Scott, who invented the historical novel. At about this same time English Romantic poetry had reached its zenith in the works of John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry– Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The poets of the Second generation suffered because of society because of society and its injustices, mostly because of the post-revolutionary disillusionment, violence and the threat of the Napoleonic Empire. For this reason they tried to escape from reality by travelling around the world. There was a refusal of the real world and a creation of a different world where they lived in, usually by means of drugs. They didn't want to just repeat what the romantics of the first generation were doing, but wanted to be different, and even better than them.
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
WILLIAM BLAKE: William Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757, to James, a hosier, and Catherine Blake. 
“I must create a system or be enslaved by another mans; I will not reason and compare: my business is to create.”
“Without contraries is no progression. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence.”
“The tree which moves some to tears of joy is in the eyes of others only a green thing that stands in the way. Some see nature all ridicule and deformity... and some scarce see nature at all. But to the eyes of the man of imagination, nature is imagination itself.” 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
“To see a world in a grain of sand and heaven in a wild flower Hold infinity in the palms of your hand and eternity in an hour.”      
“Without contraries is no progression. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence.” 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
London
I wandered through each chartered street, Near where the chartered Thames does flow, A mark in every face I meet, Marks of weakness, marks of woe. In every cry of every man, In every infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The mind-forged manacles I hear: How the chimney-sweeper's cry Every blackening church appals, And the hapless soldier's sigh Runs in blood down palace-walls. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
But most, through midnight streets I hear How the youthful harlot's curse Blasts the new-born infant's tear, And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse.  
William Blake
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The Shepherd
How sweet is the shepherd's sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he strays; He shall follow his sheep all the day, And his tongue shall be filled with praise.  For he hears the lambs' innocent call, And he hears the ewes' tender reply; He is watchful while they are in peace, For they know when their shepherd is nigh.  
William Blake
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The Land of Dreams
Awake, awake, my little boy! Thou wast thy mother's only joy; Why dost thou weep in thy gentle sleep? Awake! thy father does thee keep. 'O, what land is the Land of Dreams? What are its mountains, and what are its streams? O father! I saw my mother there, Among the lilies by waters fair. 'Among the lambs, cloth?d in white, She walk'd with her Thomas in sweet delight. I wept for joy, like a dove I mourn; O! when shall I again return?' 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Dear child, I also by pleasant streams Have wander'd all night in the Land of Dreams; But tho' calm and warm the waters wide, I could not get to the other side. 'Father, O father! what do we here In this land of unbelief and fear? The Land of Dreams is better far Above the light of the morning star.'  
William Blake
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Major themes in Blake’s poetry:
Opposition 
Religion
Oppression / Repression
Innocence/ Experience
Poetry/ Imagination
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
GEORGE GORDON BYRON (1788-1824): George Gordon, Lord Byron was born at Holles Street in London, the son of a Guards Officer, Captain John Byron. Abandoned by her husband, his mother, Catherine Gordon, took him in 1790 (2) to Aberdeen, where they lived in considerable poverty. n April 19, 1824 (36) he died. 
“Love will find a way through paths where wolves fear to prey.”
 “Man, being reasonable, must get drunk; the best of life is but intoxication.” 
“The great art of life is sensation, to feel that we exist, even in pain.” 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
My Soul is Dark
My soul is dark - Oh! quickly string  The harp I yet can brook to hear;  And let thy gentle fingers fling  Its melting murmurs o'er mine ear.  If in this heart a hope be dear,  That sound shall charm it forth again:  If in these eyes there lurk a tear,  'Twill flow, and cease to burn my brain.  
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
But bid the strain be wild and deep,  Nor let thy notes of joy be first:  I tell thee, minstrel, I must weep,  Or else this heavy heart will burst;  For it hath been by sorrow nursed,  And ached in sleepless silence, long;  And now 'tis doomed to know the worst,  And break at once - or yield to song.  
George Gordon Lord Byron
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
When We Two Parted
When we two parted  In silence and tears,  Half broken-hearted  To sever for years,  Pale grew thy cheek and cold,  Colder thy kiss;  Truly that hour foretold  Sorrow to this.  
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
The dew of the morning  Sunk chill on my brow--  It felt like the warning  Of what I feel now.  Thy vows are all broken,  And light is thy fame;  I hear thy name spoken,  And share in its shame. 
They name thee before me,  A knell to mine ear;  A shrudder comes o'er me--  Why wert thou so dear?  They know not I knew thee,  Who knew thee so well--  Long, long I shall rue thee,  Too deeply to tell. 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
In secret we met--  In silence I grieve,  That thy heart could forget,  Thy spirit deceive  If I should meet thee  After long years,  How should I greet thee?--  With silence and tears.  
George Gordon Lord Byron
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Major themes in Byron’s poetry:
Liberty
Nature
Love
Classical culture
Realism
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
JOHN KEATS: John Keats was born in Moorfields, London. His father, Thomas, worked in the Swan and Hoop Inn and Stables owned by his wife Frances’ father. In 1819 he began to show the first signs of tuberculosis, and after overseeing the publication of his final book of poetry, Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St Agnes and Other Poems, he left England for Italy. He died in February 1821, in Rome.  
“Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced.”
“Do you not see how necessary a world of pains and troubles is to school an intelligence and make it a soul?”
“I am certain of nothing but the holiness of the heart's affections, and the truth of imagination.” 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
“Poetry should surprise by a fine excess and not by singularity, it should strike the reader as a wording of his own highest thoughts, and appear almost a remembrance.”
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2LITERATURA INGLESA II
A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: 
Its loveliness increases; it will never 
Pass into nothingness; but still will keep 
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep 
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. 
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing 
A flowery band to bind us to the earth, 
Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth 
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, 
Of all the unhealthy and o'er-darkn'd ways 
Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all, 
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall 
From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon,
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Trees old and young, sprouting a shady boon 
For simple sheep; and such are daffodils 
With the green world they live in; and clear rills 
That for themselves a cooling covert make 
'Gainst the hot season; the mid-forest brake, 
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms: 
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms 
We have imagined for the mighty dead; 
An endless fountain of immortal drink, 
Pouring unto us from the heaven's brink.
John Keats
 
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Major themes in Keat’s poetry:
The Inevitability of DeathThe Contemplation of Beauty
Departures and Reveries
The Five Senses and Art
Music and Musicians
Nature
The Ancient World
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities; a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the exceptional figure in general, and a focus on his passions and inner struggles; a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures; an emphasis upon imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth; an obsessive interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic.
Literature. Romanticism proper was preceded by several related developments from the mid-18th century on that can be termed Pre-Romanticism. Among such trends was a new appreciation of the medieval romance, from which the Romantic movement derives its name. The romance was a tale or ballad of chivalric adventure whose emphasis on individual heroism and on the exotic and the mysterious was in clear contrast to the elegant formality and artificiality of prevailing Classical forms of literature, such as the French Neoclassical tragedy or the English heroic couplet in poetry. This new interest in relatively unsophisticated but overtly emotional literary expressions of the past was to be a dominant note in Romanticism.
Tema da Apresentação
 Romanticism: The Romantic Poetry – Lesson 2
LITERATURA INGLESA II
Tema da Apresentação