PRESENT PERFECT

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PRESENT PERFECT	
CAMILA CARVALHO MOURA
USE
ACTIONS THAT HAPPEN AT A NOT SPECIFIED TIME
	I have seen this movie
	I have traveled to England
DESCRIBING AN EXPERIENCE
I have graduated from college 
I have seen you before
CHANGES THAT HAPPENED OVERTIME
My English has improved since I started taking classes
China has become a very important nation in International Relations
USE
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
She has learned how to read 
We have finished the marathon
UNCOMPLETED ACTIONS YOU ARE EXPECTING
They haven’t arrived yet
The rain hasn’t stopped
MULTIPLE ACTIONS AT DIFFERENT TIMES
We have talked about this several times
She has changed her hair five times already
USE	
WHEN WE USE PRESENT PERFECT, IT MEANS THAT THE ACTION HAPPENED SOMETIME BETWEEN BEFORE AND NOW, BUT THE EXACT TIME IS NOT IMPORTANT.
WHEN THE ACTION STARTED IN THE PAST AND IS STILL CURRENTLY ON
SOMETIMES, WE MAY WANT TO LIMIT THIS TIME SPAM. FOR EXAMPLE:
He has changed a lot over the past two years
Have you seen her this week?
She has loved movies since she was a kid
FORM (ACTIVE VOICE)
AFFIRMATIVE 
	SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE
QUESTION
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PARTICIPLE
NEGATIVE
	SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + PARTICIPLE 
CONTRACTIONS
STANDARD
CONTRACTION
STANDARD
CONTRACTION
I HAVE
I’VE
I HAVE NOT
I HAVEN’T
YOU HAVE
YOU’VE
YOU HAVE NOT
YOU HAVEN’T
HE/SHE/ IT HAS
HE/SHE/IT’S
HE/SHE/IT HAS NOT
HE/SHE/IT HASN’T
PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE PAST
Ihavetakenthesubwaytwicetoday
Itookthesubwayfour timesyesterday
I’vegraduatedfromHighSchool
IgraduatedfromHighSchoolin 2004
She’sbrokenherarm
Shebrokeherarmlastweek
It’sbeenveryhottoday
Itwasveryhotlastweek
RECENTLY,
EVER, SINCE AND FOR
RECENTLY/LATELY 
 I have spent a lot of Money recently 
She has been acting weird lately 
EVER/NEVER 
Have you ever been there?
I have never done this task
SINCE/FOR 
I have lived here since 1998
I have worked here for 20 years