LITERATURA INGLESA I aula 10

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1.
		Geoffrey Chaucer was taken in prisoner in Europe in 1353. In which country?
	
	
	
	Italy
	
	
	Spain
	
	
	Austria
	
	
	France
	
	
	Germany
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Shakespeare began his literary career by reviewing and disseminating texts of other authors. He had a company called:
	
	
	
	The Queen's Men
	
	
	The Queen's Writers
	
	
	The Shakespeare's Men
	
	
	The Chamberlain's Men
	
	
	The Chamberlain's Writers
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		The commitment to careful observation and description of phenomena as the starting point of science, and then the success at explaining and accounting for observed phenomena through the method of induction, naturally leads to the development of new sciences for new domains in the Enlightenment. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Which relevant event borrowed ideas from Enlightenment themes?
	
	
	
	The building of The Globe Theatre in London, a place where playwriting could expose their ideas freely.
	
	
	The U.S. Declaration of Independence.
	
	
	The Protestant Reformation which gave a major blow to the authority of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church.
	
	
	World War II.
	
	
	The exploration of the world's seas which opened world-wide oceanic trade routes.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		In literature, there are different literary genres.
What was the Romantic Era like?
	
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which skeptics questioned whether human society could really be perfected through the use of reason and denied the ability of rational thought to reveal universal truths.
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which the stories were based on love, mainly in the relationship between a man and a woman, who would get to be emotionally involved, get married and live happily forever after.
	
	
	 It was an era in which reason was given its proper value associated  with  intellectual and emotion found in the language of lovers.
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which poets only talked about love between a man and a woman.
	
	
	 It was an era that would be defined by an emphasis on emotion and instinct instead of reason.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		READ the text below:
European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the long 18th century (1685-1815) as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers in Britain, in France and throughout Europe questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change.
(www.history.com)
►Who was the first major Enlightenment figure in England?
	
	
	
	 John Locke.
	
	
	James II.
	
	
	Thomas Hobbes.
	
	
	Voltaire.
	
	
	 Renee Descartes.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		According to The Oxford dictionary, society is´ The community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations´.
What was society like in England in the beginning of the XVIII century?
	
	
	
	British society was stratified in the 18th century and in contrast to the gentry, the aristocracy lost much of the political and financial influence it had wielded since the days of the Tudor monarchs.
	
	
	Society changed as a result of the Enlightenment which transformed the Western world into an intelligent and self-aware civilization and women were finally accepted at Universities and allowed to work not only as teachers and housekeepers but also as writers, doctors, and any other sort of occupation they applied for.
	
	
	Society was depicted from the eyes of a narrow stratum of the upper-middle class and the nobility. Rules were established by the Church and soon social distinctions started disappearing.
	
	
	Society was highly hierarchical and serfdom was a widespread practice. There was no personal liberty or rights, mainly for the gentry.
	
	
	Society still kept the same values of the previous century, but serfdom had already been abolished and landowners were forced to pay high salaries to their servants.
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789 was the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax in 1789.
What was one of the consequences of the French Revolution?
	
	
	
	The French monarchy became stronger and the gentry were severely punished.
	
	
	The increasingly prosperous elite of wealthy commoners like merchants, manufacturers, and professionals which were representatives of the ancient regime in France decided to turn France into a communist country.
	
	
	The philosophers, who advocated social and political reform, took over the government and turned the country into a fascism.
	
	
	The French citizenry overthrew the monarchy of Louis XVI and established a representative government that was directly inspired by the Enlightenment.
	
	
	The French Revolution led to crop failures in much of the country, coming on top of a long period of economic difficulties, turned the monarchs into particularly restless rulers.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Which of the characteristics below IS NOT applicable to the Enlightenment?
	
	
	
	The Enlightenment was marked by religious devotion and immeasurable cruelty by the Church.
	
	
	The Enlightenment was also an intellectual movement which took place in different European countries in the 1700s enabled by the Scientific Revolution which had begun as early as the 1500s.
	
	
	The Enlightenment represented a departure from the Middle Ages.
	
	
	The characteristics of the Enlightenment are a skepticism towards the doctrines of the church, individualism, a belief in science and the experimental method, the use of reason, among others.
	
	
	The Enlightenment was a philosophical, cultural and social movement which spread through Europe in the XVIII century.