ENEM Apostila de Inglês - Aula 22

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aideea 
 
 
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1 
Pronouns II 
 
 Relatives 
Os pronomes relativos são aqueles que representam 
nomes já mencionados anteriormente e com os quais se 
relacionam. Introduzem as Defining/Restrictive Relative 
Clauses e as Non-defining/Non-restrictive Relative 
Clauses. 
 
She's one of those people who love to be the centre of 
attention. 
Ela é uma daquelas pessoas que adora ser o centro das 
atenções. 
 
I met a man with whom I used to work. 
Encontrei um homem com o qual eu 
trabalhava/costumava trabalhar. 
 
These are principles which we all believe in. 
Estes são princípios nos quais todos nós acreditamos. 
 
Is this the train that stops at Cambridge? 
Este é o trem que para em Cambridge? 
 
They meet in an old house, whose basement has been 
converted into a chapel. 
Eles encontraram uma casa antiga, cujo porão fora 
transformado em uma capela. 
 
Antes de começarmos o estudo dos pronomes relativos 
ingleses, é necessário que aprendamos, previamente, os 
conceitos que norteiam o uso das Defining/Restrictive 
Relative Clauses e das Non-defining/Non-restrictive 
Relative Clauses: 
 
Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses 
Não levam vírgula porque a informação que contêm é 
essencial para a oração principal, para a identificação do 
substantivo. 
 
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. 
A garota que foi ferida no acidente está agora no hospital. 
 
The man whom I saw yesterday was Mr. Jones. 
O homem que eu vi ontem era o Sr. Jones. 
 
The book which is on the table is mine. 
O livro que está sobre a mesa é meu. 
 
My brother that lives in Arizona is named George. 
Meu irmão que mora no Arizona chama-se George. 
 
Where is the man whose car is blocking the entrance to 
the building? 
Onde está o homem cujo carro está bloqueando a 
entrada do prédio? 
 
Non-defining/Non-restrictive Relative Clauses 
Precisam vir entre vírgulas porque a informação que 
contêm sobre o substantivo é apenas adicional, extra, 
não-fundamental para a identificação do substantivo. 
 
Professor James, who is an expert in Victorian poetry, will 
be giving a lecture tonight. 
O professor James, que é um especialista em poesia 
Vitoriana, estará ministrando uma palestra hoje à noite. 
 
Mr. Lee, whom I met yesterday, does volunteer work at 
the hospital. 
O Sr. Lee, quem eu encontrei ontem, faz trabalho 
voluntário no hospital. 
 
That book, which is the novel I was reading last week, was 
the one I meant for you to take to the beach with you. 
Aquele livro, que é o romance que eu estava lendo 
semana passada, foi o que eu mencionei para você levar 
para a praia com você. 
 
Cohen, whose contract expires next week, is likely to 
move to play for a European club. 
Cohen, cujo contrato expira semana que vem, 
provavelmente se mudará para tocar em um clube 
Europeu. 
 
Observação: O pronome that não pode ser usado em 
Non-defining/Non-restrictive Relative Clauses. 
 
Usos dos Relative Pronouns 
 
1. Who [quem, que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais] 
Refere-se a pessoas e exerce função de sujeito e de objeto 
(embora aquela seja mais comum do que esta). Pode ser 
substituído por that e ainda omitido nas 
Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses. 
 
The other people who/that live in the hostel are really 
friendly. 
As outras pessoas que moram no albergue são realmente 
amigáveis. 
 
The kids who/that are in the lab are the best of our 
school. 
Os garotos que estão no laboratório são os melhores de 
nossa escola. 
 
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2 
The girl who/that/Ø he fell in love left him a few days ago. 
A garota por quem ele se apaixonou o deixou há alguns 
dias. 
 
The woman who/that/Ø I was sitting next to on the bus 
talked all the time on the cell phone. 
A mulher perto da qual eu estava sentada no ônibus 
falava o tempo todo ao celular. 
 
James, who was a friend of the family, has gone recently. 
James, que era um amigo da família, faleceu 
recentemente. 
 
Albert Einstein, who put forward the theory of relativity, 
is considered by many as the most intelligent person in 
human history. 
Albert Einstein, que apresentou a teoria da relatividade, 
é considerado por muitos como a pessoa mais inteligente 
da história da humanidade. 
 
2. Whom [quem, que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais] 
Refere-se a pessoas e exerce função de objeto. Pode ser 
substituído por that e ainda omitido nas 
Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses. 
 
I told you! The man whom/that/Ø we saw yesterday was 
the lead singer of Snow Patrol. 
Eu lhe disse! O homem que nós vimos ontem era o 
vocalista do Snow Patrol. 
 
The fireman whom/that/Ø we have to interview is a local 
hero. 
O bombeiro que nós temos que entrevistar é um herói 
local. 
 
Dr. Perkins, whom we met at a conference in Canada last 
year, will come to lecture in our college. 
O Dr. Perkins, que nós encontramos em uma conferência 
no Canadá ano passado, virá ministrar uma palestra em 
nossa faculdade. 
 
My sister, whom you once met, is visiting us next week. 
Minha irmã, que você encontrou uma vez, nos visitará 
semana que vem. 
 
3. Which [que, o(a) qual, os(as) quais] 
Refere-se a coisas e animais e exerce função de sujeito e 
de objeto. Pode ser substituído por that nas 
Defining/Restrictive Relative Clauses e ainda omitido da 
frase (quando for objeto – exceto nas Non-defining/Non-
restrictive Relative Clauses). 
 
Where are the hamburgers which/that were in the grill? 
Onde estão os hambúrgueres que estavam no grill? 
 
I would like to know the name of the horse which/that 
won the race. 
Eu gostaria de saber o nome do cavalo que ganhou a 
corrida. 
 
The book which/that/Ø you want is in the library. 
O livro que você quer está na biblioteca. 
 
Did you see the movie which/that/Ø I recommended? 
Você viu o filme que recomendei? 
 
The house at the end of the street, which has been empty 
for two years, has just been sold. 
A casa do final da rua, que ficou vazia por dois anos, acaba 
de ser vendida. 
 
The dog, which barked to us yesterday, was run over and 
died. 
O cachorro, que latiu pra nós ontem, foi atropelado e 
morreu. 
 
4. Whose [cujo(s), cuja(s)] 
Refere-se a pessoas, coisas e animais e estabelece 
relações de posse. Deve, portanto, ser usado antes de 
substantivos. Nunca pode ser substituído por that, nem 
omitido da frase. 
 
There was a picture in the paper of a man whose leg had 
been cut off. 
Havia uma foto no jornal de um homem cuja perna havia 
sido amputada. 
 
The dog whose leg is broken is mine. 
O cachorro cuja perna está quebrada é meu. 
 
The band, whose album was released last week, will 
make a worldwide tour next semester. 
A banda, cujo álbum foi lançado na semana passada, fará 
uma turnê mundial semestre que vem. 
 
The writer, whose talent is rare, became a wealthy 
woman. 
A escritora, cujo talento é raro, tornou-se uma mulher 
rica. 
 
 
 
 
 
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3 
Considerações 
a) Após preposições, apenas os pronomes whom, which 
e whose podem ser usados e a omissão não pode ser 
feita. 
 
The girl for whom I was waiting didn’t turn up. 
A garota pela qual eu estava esperando não apareceu. 
 
It isn't a subject to which I devote a great deal of thought. 
Não é um assunto ao qual eu dedique muita atenção. 
 
The painter about whose pictures we have been 
discussing will come to our city. 
O pintor sobre cujas obras nós temos estado discutindo 
virá à nossa cidade. 
 
b) Somente o pronome that pode ser utilizado quando o 
antecedente for modificado por superlativo ou por 
expressões como the first, the only, the one; quando for 
composto (pessoa + animal ou pessoa + coisa) e quando 
for representado por expressões temporais como, por 
exemplo, the day, the year, the time etc. A omissão 
também pode ocorrer quando that exercer funçãode 
objeto. 
 
This is the best hotel that/Ø I have ever stayed in. 
Este é o melhor hotel que eu já me hospedei. 
 
She is the only girl that deserves my eternal love. 
Ela é a única garota que merece meu amor eterno. 
 
They chose the games and the adversaries that/Ø they 
wanted. 
Eles escolheram os jogos e os adversários que eles 
queriam. 
 
The guard dogs and the policemen that invaded the 
captivity rescued the hostage. 
Os cães de guarda e os policiais que invadiram o cativeiro 
resgataram o refém. 
 
The last time that/Ø I saw him, he was sick. 
A última vez que o vi, ele estava doente. 
 
c) Após expressões como all of, most of, none of, some 
of, both of, half of, many of, one of etc. apenas whom e 
which podem ser usados e a omissão não pode ocorrer. 
 
I have three sisters, all of whom are single. 
Eu tenho três irmãs, todas as quais são solteiras. 
 
 
They have two grown children, both of whom live abroad. 
Eles têm dois filhos já grandes, ambos moram no 
exterior. 
 
I have many LPs, most of which of rock. 
Eu tenho muitos LPs, a maioria deles de rock. 
 
I have many good books, half of which are novels. 
Tenho muitos livros bons, metade dos quais são 
romances. 
 
d) A relação estabelecida pelos pronomes relativos 
também pode ser exercida por outras palavras: 
 
The building where (= in which) he lives in is very old. 
O prédio onde (= no qual) ele mora é muito velho. 
 
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which) I met you. 
Eu nunca esquecerei o dia quando (= no qual) eu lhe 
conheci. 
 
The reason why (= for which/that) I didn’t write to you 
was that I didn’t have your address. 
A razão porque (= pela qual) eu não lhe escrevi foi que eu 
não tinha seu endereço. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4 
Practice I 
 
01. (Unitau) Assinale a alternativa que corresponde ao 
referente do pronome relativo em destaque a seguir: 
 
Both research and commercial perspectives are 
considered, making the event essential for all 
researchers, designers and manufacturers WHO need to 
keep abreast of developments in HCI. 
 
a) research and commercial perspectives 
b) developments in HCI 
c) interface design, user modelling, tools, hypertext, 
CSCW, and programming 
d) recent trends and issues 
e) all researchers, designers and manufacturers 
 
02. (Cesgranrio) Mark the option in which WHO and 
THAT are interchangeable: 
a) The drug __________ you ordered last week has 
arrived. 
b) The hospital __________ your father recommended is 
now closed. 
c) We hope __________ the psychiatrist will arrive soon. 
d) This is the researcher __________ handled the project. 
e) I met your doctor, but he didn't know __________ I was. 
 
03. (Unesp) The doctor to ________ Mrs. Jones went told 
her to eat less. 
a) where 
b) what 
c) whose 
d) who 
e) whom 
 
04. (FEI) It was Eiffel ________ constructed the metal 
framework. 
a) whom 
b) which 
c) whose 
d) why 
e) who 
 
05. Those firemen, __________ saved the little girl from 
the fire, are local heroes. 
a) who 
b) that 
c) whom 
d) which 
e) a e b estão corretas 
 
 
06. (ITA) Marque a alternativa que corretamente 
preenche as lacunas I e II de: 
 
 I book is this? 
The girl II name I have forgotten looks like my sister. 
 
a) I. whose – II. whose 
b) I. what – II. which 
c) I. what – II. what 
d) I. whose – II. what 
e) I. whoever – II. whose 
 
07. (ITA) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
 
- The girl to [I] I spoke is your classmate. 
- That is the teacher [II] car was stolen. 
- The room [III] window is broken will be cleaned 
tomorrow. 
 
a) who – that – which 
b) who – whose – whose 
c) whom – which – that 
d) whom – whose – whose 
 
08. Fill in the gaps meaningfully. 
 
I. She wrote about the things and the people __________ 
she loved most. 
II. My friend Gabriel, __________ I told you about, will 
leave to London next week. 
III. The writer about __________ we were talking 
yesterday will lecture at our university. 
 
a) I. that – II. whom – III. whom 
b) I. that – II. whom – III. who 
c) I. which – II. whom – III. whom 
d) I. that – II. that – III. who 
e) I. which – II. that – III. whom 
 
09. (Mackenzie) Choose the correct alternative: 
a) Caetano Veloso's, who latest CD, I bought last week, is 
wonderful. 
b) Caetano Veloso's latest CD, which I bought last week, 
is wonderful. 
c) Caetano Veloso's latest CD whom is wonderful I bought 
last week. 
d) Caetano Veloso, which is wonderful, I bought last week 
latest CD. 
e) Caetano Veloso's latest CD, whose I bought last week, 
is wonderful. 
 
 
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5 
10. In the sentence: He rang James, who was a good 
friend as well as the family doctor, the relative pronoun 
WHO: 
a) is correct and cannot be replaced. 
b) is correct but can be replaced by WHOM. 
c) is correct but can be replaced by THAT. 
d) is incorrect and must be replaced by WHOM. 
e) is incorrect and must be replaced by THAT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANSWERS: EDEEAADABA 
 aideea 
 
 
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6 
Practice II 
 
01. (AFA) Complete the text below. 
 
“Deaths among men __________ took the wildly popular 
impotence pill Viagra have climbed to 16, including seven 
men __________ reportedly died during or after Sex, the 
Food Drug Administration said Tuesday. The FDA said 
there is no evidence __________ Viagra itself is 
dangerous, but again warned __________ nitroglycerin 
and the impotence drug are a dangerous mix.” 
 
a) that – Ø – who – that 
b) who – which – Ø – who 
c) which – who – that – Ø 
d) who – who – that – that 
 
02. (ITA) A alternativa abaixo que contém o pronome que 
pode corretamente preencher as lacunas I e II de: 
 
1. The man __________ (I) spoke to you is Brazilian. 
2. The book __________ (II) is on the table is very old. é: 
 
a) what 
b) whichever 
c) whom 
d) who 
e) that 
 
New technologies allow total strangers to know 
almost everything about a person. Author Peter F. Eder 
writes about the ongoing invasion of personal privacy [I] 
will get much worse unless better safeguards are quickly 
established. 
 
(PRIVACY ON PARADE – The Futurist) 
 
03. A lacuna [I] deve ser preenchida por: 
a) which 
b) what 
c) whom 
d) where 
e) who 
 
04. Mark the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below: 
 
Alvin Toffler, __________ I met only once, is arriving 
tomorrow. His most famous book, __________ contains 
interesting ideas, is called Future Shock. Mr. Toffler 
warns us against the consequences of technology, 
__________ may destroy us if we do not take the 
necessary precautions. 
 
a) whom – whose – which 
b) whom – that – whom 
c) which – where – which 
d) who – that – whom 
e) whom – which – which 
 
05. (Cesgranrio) Mark the option that can only be 
completed with the relative pronoun WHO: 
a) That is the consultant ________ I met in São Paulo last 
week. 
b) My brother, ________ works as a consultant, makes 
much money. 
c) Would you like to work with bosses ________ are 
understanding? 
d) Employees ________ work from home part of the time 
are happier. 
e) The tele-commuter to ________ I was introduced 
yesterday is Asian. 
 
06. Po tried on three jackets, but __________ fitted him. 
a) all of which 
b) none of which 
c) half of which 
d) many of whom 
e) some of whom 
 
07. The couple posted a Christmaspresent to their 
daughter, __________ lives in South Africa. 
a) who 
b) whom 
c) that 
d) which 
e) * 
 
08. The first book was a terrible historical novel for 
children __________ was turned down by every publisher 
to __________ it was sent. 
a) who – which 
b) which – which 
c) that – who 
d) who – whom 
e) which – whom 
 
09. Thomas Goldney III, in __________ house and garden 
several generations of Bristol students have now lived, 
was described in the late 18th century as ‘a very curious 
gentleman’. 
a) whom 
b) which 
c) whose 
d) what 
e) who 
 
 aideea 
 
 
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7 
10. Agora, indique a(s) frase(s) em que o pronome relativo 
não poderia ser omitido: 
a) Those were the last words that she spoke to him. 
b) I saw a man who had no feet. 
c) We heard about some things that you will not believe. 
d) They talked about a desert which is spreading very fast. 
e) Jorge Amado wrote about the people, places and 
things that he loved. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ANSWERS: DEAEBBAEC-BD