LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS - AV

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Lesson 1
		1.
		What type of sentence is composed of INDEPENDENT CLAUSES only?
	
	
	
	Complex
	
	
	Simple
	
	
	Adverbial Phrase
	
	
	Compound
		2.
		Which of the following is NOT a Coordinating Conjunction?
	
	
	
	But
	
	
	Yet
	
	
	And
	
	
	Whereas
	
		3.
		Which of the following conjunctions is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence"?
	
	
	
	BUT
	
	
	SO
	
		4.
		Identify which of the following sentences is Simple:
	
	
	
	Insects are very important.
	
		5.
		What type of sentence contains ONLY ONE CLAUSE?
	
	
	
	Compound
	
	
	Complex
	
	
	Simple
		6.
		Choose the best option to complete the following sentence: "____________ the rain, he went to beach".
	
	
	
	In spite
	
	
	Despite
	
		7.
		Which of the following conjunctions is similar to "but," in that it is used to join two contrasting ideas and really emphasizes a contrast?
	
	
	
	For
	
	
	Yet
	
	
	Or
	
	
	Nor
	
	
	So
	
Explicação:
To show the contrast between two ideas we can use the following sentence connectors.
But, although, despite the fact that, however, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, yet.
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentence: "A _______________ Conjunction comes at the beginning of a Dependent Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence".
	
	
	
	Complex
	
	
	Subordinating
Lesson 2
		1.
		What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence? "We are all afraid that the final exam will be difficult".
	
	
	
	Direct Object
	
	
	Subject
	
	
	Object of a Preposition
	
	
	Appositive
	
	
	Adjective Complement
	
Explicação:
In the following: "We are all afraid that the final exam will be difficult", we find a noun clause: ' that the final exam will be difficult'.
Its function is that of an 'Adjective Complement' because it complements the word: afraid.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		In which of the following sentences is it possible to omit the word ´that´?
	
	
	
	Dogs that like cats are very unusual.
	
	
	The dish that I ordered was delicious.
	
	
	The man that came with her has already left.
	
	
	The earthquake that took place in Indonesia was a serious one.
	
	
	The doctor that bought my car and I was hoping to see wasn't on duty.
	
Explicação:
The word ´that´was followed by a personal pronoun.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		SUBORDINATE CLAUSES can be classified under the following heading, EXCEPT:
	
	
	
	Adverbial clauses
	
	
	Relative Clauses
	
	
	Adjective Clauses
	
	
	Pronominal Clauses
	
	
	Noun clauses
	
Explicação:
"A subordinate clause or dependent clause is a clause that can¿t exist as a sentence on its own. Like all clauses, it has a subject and a predicate, but it doesn¿t share a complete thought. A subordinate clause only gives extra information and is ¿dependent¿ on other words to make a full sentence.
A subordinate clause can work as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence. So, there are three types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses/ relative clauses, and adverb clauses.
( http://englishsentences.com/subordinate-clause/ )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		CLassify the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence: "Mary is not responsible for what Billy did".
	
	
	
	Direct Object
	
	
	Subject Complement
	
	
	Subject
	
	
	Object of a Preposition
	
	
	Appositive
	
Explicação:
Noun clauses can be used to name something when a single word isn't enough. It's also important to remember that these clauses are dependent clauses. A dependent clause is one that cannot stand by itself. If a dependent clause is placed alone, it forms a fragment, not a full sentence. An independent clause can act as a sentence by itself, but dependent clauses cannot. 
Noun clauses commonly begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why.
Noun clauses also act as objects of a preposition.
· Harry is not the best provider of what Margie needs.
· Josephine is not responsible for what Alex decided to do.
· Allie is the owner of that blue car parked outside.
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/nouns/noun-clause.html )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		In which alternative the clause is incorrectly analyzed?
	
	
	
	e) Can you tell me IF FRED IS HERE? (direct object)
	
	
	a) THAT THE BROTHERS ARE TRIPLETS is amazing. (subject)
	
	
	b) We don¿t know WHAT SONGS SHE OFTEN SINGS. (indirect object)
	
	
	d) He is WHAT WE WOULD CALL A MISOGYNIST. (subject complement)
	
	
	c) The book is about WHERE THE DINOSAURS LAID THEIR EGGS. (object of preposition)
	
Explicação:
In "We don´t know WHAT SONGS SHE OFTEN SINGS. ", 'what songs she sings is a direct object.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence?
Robert told whoever wants to know that the show was cancelled.
	
	
	
	Object of preposition
	
	
	Indirect object
	
	
	Subject
	
	
	Predicative
	
	
	Direct object
	
Explicação:
In this case, the appropriate choice answers the question 'Who did Robert tell?' , and the answer provided functions as an indirect object.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		What is the function of the NOUN CLAUSE in the following sentence?
I am interested in learning science.
	
	
	
	Object
	
	
	Predicative
	
	
	Subject
	
	
	Object of the preposition
	
	
	Indirect Object
	
Explicação:
In this case, the correct answer is the of an object of a preposition, since 'in' is a preposition and what comes after it functions as an object of a preposition.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		In which alternative the noun clause is an object of a preposition?
	
	
	
	b) What Billy did, shocked his friends.
	
	
	c) I will give whoever gets the best mark a new calculator.
	
	
	a) She knows what my name is.
	
	
	d) I felt happy that I am able to communicate.
	
	
	e) Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.
Lesson 3
		1.
		In which alternative the sentences are NOT correctly joined?
	
	
	
	(1) He´s the accountant. (2) You recommended him to me. --} He´s the accountant (whom) you recommended to me.
	
	
	(1) I'm the witness. (2) My evidence led to his arrest. --} I´m the witness whose evidence led to his arrest.
	
	
	(1) You are the expert. (2) We want your advice. --} You are the expert which advice we want.
	
	
	(1) She's the woman. (2) The film was made in her house. --} She´s the woman whose house the film was made in.
	
	
	(1) They're the birds. (2) I fed them this morning. --} They're the birds (which) I fed this morning.
	
Explicação:
The sentences (1) You are the expert. (2) We want your advice. --} You are the expert which advice we want. were not correctly joined.
The right answer should be You are the expert whose advice we want.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		In which clause the relative pronoun is NOT analyzed correctly?
	
	
	
	a) I spoke to the woman WHO owns the hotel. (subject)
	
	
	b) She introduced me to her husband, WHO(M) I hadn¿t met before (subject)
	
	
	d) I congratulated Mrs Jones, WHOSE son had won the first prize. (possessive determiner)
	
	
	e) Do you remember the time WHEN we ate an entire pie in one sitting? (adverbial)
	
	
	c) Mr. Jones, FOR WHOM I was working, was a very tolerant man. (prepositional complement)
	
Explicação:
"Whom is used only when its antecedent is the object of the relative clause, but not when its antecedent is the subject of a sentence or clause.
The officer nabbed the thief whom I saw (antecedent thief is the object of the relative clause).
The officer nabbed the thief whom saw me (here the antecedent thief is the subject of the relativeclause ("... the thief _ saw me"); who is correct here.)"
(webaula - class 3)
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		Choose the alternative whose relative pronoun can fill the space appropriately: The driver, ____________ car was in bad conditions, was drunk.
	
	
	
	who
	
	
	that
	
	
	which
	
	
	whose
	
	
	when
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before a noun to modify its meanings . However, an adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause.
Read the comments below and choose the appropriate one.
	
	
	
	Restrictive or essential adjective clauses offers essential information and is needed to complete the sentence's thought. They are closely connected with their heads. These clauses tell us which person or thing the speaker means.
	
	
	The use of ´that´ is more appropriate than which after the pronouns all, any(thing), every(thing), few, little, many, much, no(thing), more, none, any, anything, anybody, somebody, some(thing).
	
	
	English has a zero relative pronoun ¿ that is, the relative pronoun is implied and not explicitly written or spoken; it is 'unvoiced'. This measure is used in nonrestrictive relative clauses (only) as an alternative to voicing that, which or who, whom, etc. in such clauses.
	
	
	The distinction between the relative pronouns that and which to introduce  relative clauses is a frequent point of dispute. The relative pronoun that can only be used in nonrestrictive clauses.
	
	
	Non-restrictive or non-essential adjective clauses simply gives extra information about the adjective. This additional information can be omitted.
	
Explicação:
The information provided in: ´ Restrictive or essential adjective clauses offers essential information and is needed to complete the sentence's thought. They are closely connected with their heads. These clauses tell us which person or thing the speaker means.´ is adequate, since adjective clauses are a type of  subordinate clauses that act as adjectives. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that, like an adjective, modifies a noun or pronoun.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Consider how these two sentences can be combined and choose the appropriate answer:
I introduced my husband to Sally. Sally's mother is my neighbor.
	
	
	
	I introduced my husband to Sally which mother is my neighbor.
	
	
	I introduced Sally to my husband that is my neighbor.
	
	
	Sally's mother is my neighbor who I introduced my husband to her.
	
	
	I introduced my husband to Sally whose mother is my neighbor.
	
	
	I introduced my husband to Sally, whose mother is my neighbor.
	
Explicação:
The purpose of the question was to check if the student mastered the use of relative pronouns and rules of punctuation.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: "He is the man. I sent the money to him."
	
	
	
	b) He is the man who(m) I sent the money.
	
	
	c) He is the man I sent the money to.
	
	
	a) He is the man to whom I sent the money.
	
	
	e) He is the man whose I sent the money to.
	
	
	d) He is the man that I sent the money.
	
Explicação:
The following structure of a sentence is inadequate: He is the man whose I sent the money to.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Choose the alternative whose relative pronoun can fill the space appropriately: Have you seen the pencil ___________ I was writing with?
	
	
	
	whose
	
	
	where
	
	
	which
	
	
	when
	
	
	who
	
Explicação:
Which is a pronoun that is used to refer to objects or things.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		In which clause the relative pronoun is NOT analyzed correctly?
	
	
	
	She introduced me to her husband, WHO(M) I hadn¿t met before. (subject)
Lesson 4
		1.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi.''
	
	
	
	Concessive
	
	
	Result
	
	
	Comparative
	
	
	Reason
	
	
	Conditional
	
Explicação:
I'll take a taxi as (because) I don't know the way. Or else: The reson for me to get a taxi is because I don´ t know how to get there.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''I think London is less crowded [than it used to be].''
	
	
	
	Concessive
	
	
	Conditional
	
	
	Result
	
	
	Comparative
	
	
	Reason
	
Explicação:
It is clear that there is a comparison between the number of people in London on a certain day and other days.
I think London is less crowded [than it used to be].
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: ''[Although he worked hard], he failed the final exam''.
	
	
	
	Result
	
	
	Concessive
	
	
	Reason
	
	
	Conditional
	
	
	Comparative
	
Explicação:
Adverbial clauses of time, reason, purpose and condition proved to be the most important for different researchers. Following these, only supplementative clauses, clauses of concession, of manner, result and comment are normally studied.
In this case, a clause of concession is mentioned.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi".
	
	
	
	b) Concessive
	
	
	a) Comparative
	
	
	d) Reason
	
	
	e) Result
	
	
	c) Conditional
	
Explicação:
 In "[As I don't know the way], I'll take a taxi"., it means that I need to take a taxi because I don´t know how to get to a certain place. There is a reason for my choice.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[Provided he works hard], he'll do very well at school.".
	
	
	
	d) Reason
	
	
	b) Concessive
	
	
	c) Conditional
	
	
	a) Comparative
	
	
	e) Result
	
Explicação:
The expression 'Provided he works hard' has the same meaning as 'If he works hard', so it is a condition.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		The following classifications can be applied to ADVERBIAL CLAUSES, EXCEPT:
	
	
	
	Place
	
	
	Time
	
	
	Comparision
	
	
	Manner
	
	
	Object of a Preposition
	
Explicação:
Adverbial classes may be associated with the idea of time, place, manner, comparison,
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Which of the following sentences is an example of an ADVERBIAL CLAUSE that expresses PURPOSE?
	
	
	
	Although I do not study abroad, I will get in touch with a new language and culture.
	
	
	If I study abroad, I will get in touch with a new language and culture
	
	
	I will study abroad so that I can get in touch with a new language and culture.
	
	
	When I get in touch with a new language and culture, I will study abroad.
	
	
	Wherever I study, I will get in touch with a new language and culture
	
Explicação:
This is an adverbial clause because it explains the purpose or the objective of 'studying abroad'. 
I will study abroad so that I can get in touch with a new language and culture.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[Even though he worked hard], he failed the final exam".
	
	
	
	a) Comparative
	
	
	e) Result
	
	
	b) Concessive
Lesson 5
		1.
		In which alternative the intercalated clause is correctly analyzed?
	
	
	
	d) In 1945 - THIS HAPPENED DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR - I met one of my best friends. (qualification)
	
	
	b) Joseph - MAY GOD KEEP IT LIKE THIS - won the first prize. (warning)
	
	
	c) We ate, THAT IS TRUE, but it was a parsimonious eating. (opinion)
	
	
	a) Give me some water - ASKED ME THE BOY. (wish)
	
	
	e) Short afterwards, he left. I went there to see him go down the stairs and oh! My god! He had fallen and squashed like a pumpkin. (FORGIVE ME FOR THE COMPARISON). (permission)
	
Explicação:
 An intercalated clause is a clause that is inserted within another one." Intercalated clauses are clauses which are separated from the rest of the sentence by a pause.In written, they are signaled by comma, dash or parentheses." (webclass 5)
Speech contains many more intercatated clauses than it occurs in writing. This is because speakers do not speak in sentences, but in a sequence of clauses, with intonation marking the syntactic boundaries.
In the sentence: " We ate, THAT IS TRUE, but it was a parsimonious eating. (opinion)" , the intercalated clause spresses opinion.
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		In which alternative the correlative conjunction is not parallel?
	
	
	
	d) BOTH my sisters AND my cousins are invited to the party.
	
	
	e) NEITHER my sisters NOR my cousins are invited to the party.
	
	
	c) NOT ONLY my sisters BUT ALSO my cousins are invited to the party.
	
	
	a) I wondered WHETHER to make the telephone call NOR to see her in person.
	
	
	b) The secretary is EITHER working at her desk OR visiting the dean.
	
Explicação:
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join phrases or words that carry equal importance within a sentence.
Either ....or, neither .... nor, not only ... but also, etc.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		The following quote from Albert Einstein examplifies the use of a specific type of conjunction. Which one? ''The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know.''
	
	
	
	Alternative
	
	
	Idiosyncratic
	
	
	Elliptical
	
	
	Correlative
	
	
	Metaphorical
	
Explicação:
"Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include pairs like ¿both/and,¿ ¿whether/or,¿ ¿either/or,¿ ¿neither/nor,¿ ¿not/but¿ and ¿not only/but also.¿
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/correlative-conjunctions.html)
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		In which alternative there is an example of an ADDITIVE CORRELATIVE CLAUSE?
	
	
	
	I had scarcely walked in the door when I got the call and had to dash to the office.
	
	
	She wanted neither a cupcake nor a pie.
	
	
	He did not know whether to exit the freeway at Park Avenue or to exit the freeway at Downtown Abbey.
	
	
	Bowling isn¿t as fun as running.
	
	
	For dessert, you may have either a cupcake or a pie.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		A correlative conjunction is a paired conjunction (such as not only . . . but also) that links balanced words, phrases, and clauses. The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel ¿ that is, similar in length and grammatical form.
Check the sentences below to see if they were all correctly constructed. Most of them were, except ...
	
	
	
	Neither Debra nor Lucy expressed her annoyance when the cat, Baltazar, broke the antique lamp.
	
	
	I will either go for a hike or stay home and watch TV.
	
	
	Every night, either loud music or fighting neighbors wake John from his sleep.
	
	
	Paul is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
	
	
	Not only Mary grilled burgers for Michael, but she also prepared a steak for her dog, Marley.
	
Explicação:
Not only did Mary grill burgers for Michael, but she also fixed a steak for her dog, Marley.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		In which alternative there is an example of additive correlative clause?
	
	
	
	a) Bowling isn't as fun as skeet shooting.
	
	
	b) For dessert, you may have either cake or ice cream.
	
	
	e) I had scarcely walked in the door when I got the call and had to run right back out again.
	
	
	c) She wanted neither cake nor ice cream.
	
	
	d) He did not know whether to exit the freeway at Orange Avenue or to exit the freeway at Cherry Avenue.
	
Explicação:
"Whenever there is a correlative conjunction, the clauses are going to be classified as correlative clauses according to this conjunction. The main aim of the choice for a correlative conjunction is to emphasize the implicit idea given by this conjunction.
Additive correlative clauses: 
Both¿ and - Both Mary and Tom stayed late.
    
Neither¿ nor - Neither Mary nor Tom stayed.
    
Not only¿ but (also) - Not only in the morning but also in the afternoon, I nap. "
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Choose the CORRECT correlative conjunction for the following sentence: ''When they found the man who had been lost for four days, he was ___tired __hungry".
	
	
	
	as ..... as
	
	
	neither ..... nor
	
	
	not only ..... but also
	
	
	not as ..... as
	
	
	either ..... or
	
Explicação:
" Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include pairs like ¿both/and,¿ ¿whether/or,¿ ¿either/or,¿ ¿neither/nor,¿ ¿not/but¿ and ¿not only/but also.¿
( http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/correlative-conjunctions.html )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		All alternatives below have an example of an ELLIPTICAL CLAUSE, EXCEPT:
	
	
	
	Mike has two children, and Joe, five.
	
	
	Mary didn't complete the course, but I did.
	
	
	Tim types fast, and I do too.
	
	
	Jessica had five dollars; Monica, three.
	
	
	Though they were sometimes nervous on the court, her recruits proved to be hard workers.
Lesson 6
		1.
		In the sentence "I hope to vacation in Canada next year," which of the following is true?
	
	
	
	c) An infinitive serves as a direct object.
	
	
	d) A participle serves as an indirect object.
	
	
	a) A participle serves as an adverb.
	
	
	e) An infinitive serves as an indirect object.
	
	
	b) An infinitive serves as an adverb.
	
Explicação:
In the sentence: '"I hope to vacation in Canada next year,"' an easy way of finding out the answer is by asking the question: 'What do you hope'? 
In this way we can easily find the right answer.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		"The parents were lucky TO HAVE FOUND this specialist for their sick child". The previous sentence exemplifies the use of:
	
	
	
	Verb + infinitive
	
	
	An appositive
	
	
	An infintive phrase with a bare infinitive
	
	
	A perfect infinitive
	
	
	A split infinitive
	
Explicação:
" The structure have + past participle¿ is called a perfect infinitive. Perfect infinitives can have the same kind of meaning as perfect or past tenses.
· I am glad to have found my soul mate. (= I am glad that I have found my soul mate.)
· She was sorry to have missed the show. (= She was sorry that she had missed the show.) " ( /www.englishgrammar.org/perfect-infinitives/ )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		In which alternative the infinitive clause is AN ADVERB?
	
	
	
	To drink Martinis before noon is decadent.
	
	
	We intended to leave early.
	
	
	Merdine likes to dance in the rain.
	
	
	''I don't want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it through not dying.'' (Woody Allen)
	
	
	Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester to understand the interplay of muscle and bone in the human body.
	
Explicação:
When an infinitive phrase/clause acts as an adverb, it must answer one of the following: When? Where? How? How much?
Examples:
· Jason wants to be an anthropology professor to share his passion with others.
· In this example, the infinitive phrase functions as an adverb because it answers WHY Jason wants to be an anthropology professor.
· She made cookies to offer an olive branch.
· In this example, the infinitive phrase functions as an adverb because it answers WHY she made cookies.
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		In which alternative the infinitive clause is an adverb?
	
	
	
	c) TO DRINK Martinis before noon is decadent.
	
	
	b) "I don't want TO ACHIEVEimmortality through my work. I want TO ACHIEVE it through not dying." (Woody Allen)
	
	
	d) Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY.
	
	
	e) We intended TO LEAVE EARLY.
	
	
	a) Merdine likes TO DANCE in the rain.
	
Explicação:
Kelvin, an aspiring comic book artist, is taking Anatomy and Physiology this semester TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY.
Kelvin's purpose in studying Anatomy and Physiology this semester was TO UNDERSTAND THE INTERPLAY OF MUSCLE AND BONE IN THE HUMAN BODY.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		In which alternative the sentence is NOT correctly punctuated?
	
	
	
	Those basketball shoes, to be perfectly honest, do not complement the suit you are planning to wear to the interview.
	
	
	Janice and her friends went to the mall, to flirt with the cute guys who congregate at the food court.
	
	
	To buy a basket of flowers, John had to spend his last dollar.
	
	
	To improve your writing, you must consider your purpose and audience.
	
	
	To avoid burning another bag of popcorn, Brendan pressed his nose against the microwave door, sniffing suspiciously.
	
Explicação:
When an infinitive phrase concludes a main clause, you need no punctuation to connect the two sentence parts. The pattern looks like this:
 
main clause + ø + infinitive phrase
 
Janice and her friends went to the mall to flirt with the cute guys who congregate at the food court
An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word to plus a verb; it may be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.  An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive plus modifier(s), object(s),· complement(s), and/or actor(s).  An infinitive phrase requires a comma only if it is used as an adverb at the· beginning of a sentence.
 
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		In the sentence "He was eager to leave for vacation," which of the following is true?
	
	
	
	e) An infinitive serves as an adverb.
	
	
	c) An infinitive serves as a direct object.
	
	
	a) A participle serves as an adverb.
	
	
	b) An infinitive serves as an adjective.
	
	
	d) A participle serves as an adjective.
	
Explicação:
"An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used as an adverb. 
Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why. Adverb infinitives are used to modify predicate adjectives. "
( http://www.dailygrammar.com/Lesson-235-Adverb-Infinitives.htm )
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		The following are classifications of INFINITIVE CLAUSES, EXCEPT:
	
	
	
	Dangling Modifier
	
	
	Object of a Preposition
	
	
	Subject
	
	
	Subject Complement
	
	
	Direct Object
	
Explicação:
"A dangling modifier is a modifier that has nothing to modify. Remember, modifiers describe a word or make its meaning more specific. A dangling modifier is an error caused by failing to use the word that the modifier is meant to be describing." ( http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/dangling_modifier.htm )
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		In which alternative the sentence IS NOT correctly analyzed?
	
	
	
	a) FOR MERVYN TO REDIRECT MAGGIE'S MAIL was unnecessary. (subject)
	
	
	c) Phil expected Martha TO STAY AT HOME ALL DAY. (direct object)
	
	
	b) His ambition is TO FLY. (object of preposition)
Lesson 7
		1.
		In which alternative the clause in brackets is a GERUND?
	
	
	
	[Buttering toast with a fork], Bernard vowed that he would finally wash the week's worth of dirty dishes piled in the sink.
	
	
	[Looking at the sea], James could perceive a boat coming.
	
	
	[Jamming too much clothing into the washing machine], Aamir saved $1.25 but had to tolerate the curious stares of other laundry patrons as his machine bucked and rumbled with the heavy load.
	
	
	[Jamming too much clothing into a washing machine] will result in disaster.
	
	
	Last night I had to sleep on the couch because I found my dog Floyd [hogging the middle of the bed].
	
Explicação:
" A gerund clause can be the subject of a sentence:
Hiking can be a relaxing and rewarding activity.
Swimming in the winter can boost your immune system.
Learning a foreign language is easier at a young age.
( http://www.grammaring.com/the-gerund-as-subject )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		The wine urges me on, the bewitching wine, which sets even a wise man to SINGING and to LAUGHING gently and rouses him up to dance and brings forth words which were better unspoken. (Homer)
The verbs highlighted are, respectively:
	
	
	
	d) participle and gerund
	
	
	c) participle and participle
	
	
	a) gerund and participle
	
	
	b) gerund and gerund
	
	
	e) participle and infinitive
	
Explicação:
According to .macmillandictionary.com,
[TRANSITIVE] to make something happen, or to make someone do something
set someone/something doing something: 
His mysterious phonecalls were bound to set them wondering., which asks for the gerund.
 
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		Choose the option that correctly analyze the gerund clauses in brackets: ''[Acting] is merely the art of [keeping a large group of people] from [coughing]''. (Sir Ralph Richardson, 1902-1983)
	
	
	
	subject - object of preposition - object of preposition
	
	
	subject - subject complement - object of preposition
	
	
	subject - indirect object - indirect object
	
	
	adverb - object of preposition - object of preposition
	
	
	direct object - object of preposition - indirect object
	
Explicação:
The appropriate choice has to do with the fact that  'acting'  works as a noun in this situation and as the subject. The other two itens are object of prepositions because they come after prepositions ( of - from)
	
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Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		In this sentence, the participial clause is ambiguous. "Delores noticed her cousin WALKING ALONG THE SHORELINE." (Who was walking along the shoreline, Delores, her cousin or both?)
Rewriting the sentence, which one implies that it was the cousin who was walking along the shoreline (attention at the punctuation)?
	
	
	
	b) Delores noticed her cousin when she walking along the shoreline.
	
	
	a) Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline.
	
	
	c) When she walking along the shoreline, Delores saw her cousin.
	
	
	e) Delores, seeing her cousin along the shoreline, noticed him.
	
	
	d) Delores, who was walking along the shoreline, saw her cousin.
	
Explicação:
"Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline." is the proper answer since it leaves no doubt about ' who was doing what.'
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		In the sentence ''[Waiting] for the late bus, I decided finally to learn how to drive,'' the word in brackets is correctly classified as which of the following?
	
	
	
	participle
	
	
	infinitive
	
	
	gerund
	
	
	main verb
	
	
	auxiliary verb
	
Explicação:
"Present participles are also verbals (i.e., words formed from verbs), but they are not used as nouns. They are used as adjectives or when forming verbs in a progressive tense" (webclass 7 )
	
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Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		In which alternative the verb in brackets is CORRECTLY APPLIED?
	
	
	
	They delayed [leaving].
	
	
	He denied [to steal] it.
	
	
	She recalls [to be] young.
	
	
	I contemplated him [to sleep].
	
	
	He suggested [to chew] gum.
	
Explicação:
The only possible answer is They delayed [leaving]. because the verb 'delay' asks for the gerund.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Consider the following news headlines from www.newsweek.com:
"CATS ACTUALLY LIKE BEING WITH YOU MORE THAN YOU THINK".
Question: What is the function of the gerund in the sentence above?
(Source: http://www.newsweek.com/cats-study-behaviour-humans-character-574607)
 
	
	
	
	DIRECT OBJECT
	
	
	INDIRECT OBJECT
	
	
	SUBJECT COMPLEMENTOBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
	
	
	SUBJECT
	
		8.
		Read the following considerations about the use of the gerund or the infinitive and choose the one which is inappropriate.
	
	
	
	I cannot bear to see you behave so badly.- Your behaviour is no good at the moment.
	
	
	She forgot telling me the great news. - When the meanings that are used want to talk about the future time, the gerund is used.
Lesson 8
		1.
		In the sentence ''I hope to vacation in Canada next year'', which of the following is true?
	
	
	
	An infinitive serves as a direct object.
	
	
	An infinitive serves as an indirect object.
	
	
	A participle serves as an indirect object.
	
	
	An infinitive serves as an adverb.
	
	
	A participle serves as an adverb.
	
Explicação:
In the sentence: I hope to vacation in Canada next year, The infinitive functions as a direct object because if you ask the question: What do you hope? You get the answer : To vacation in Canada.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		In this sentence, the participial clause is ambiguous. ''Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline''. (Who was walking along the shoreline, Delores, her cousin or both?) Rewriting the sentence, which of the following options implies that IT WAS THE COUSING WHO WAS WALKING ALONG THE SHORELINE (attention to the punctuation)?
	
	
	
	Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline.
	
	
	When she walking along the shoreline, Delores saw her cousin.
	
	
	Delores noticed her cousin when she walking along the shoreline.
	
	
	Delores, who was walking along the shoreline, saw her cousin.
	
	
	Delores, seeing her cousin along the shoreline, noticed him.
	
Explicação:
In "Delores noticed her cousin, who was walking along the shoreline.", it is implied that Dolores' cousin was walking along the shoreline.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		In the sentence ''He was eager to leave for vacation'', which of the following is true?
	
	
	
	An infinitive serves as an adjective.
	
	
	A participle serves as an adverb.
	
	
	An infinitive serves as a direct object.
	
	
	An infinitive serves as an adverb.
	
	
	A participle serves as an adjective.
	
Explicação:
Participles are verbals that usually function as adjectives and occasionally function as adverbs. Participles generally end with an ¿ed  or ¿ing ending. Since participles are derived from verbs, they do express actions or states of being. When participles function as adjectives, they are usually found preceding the nouns and pronouns in a sentence. When participles function as adverbs, they are typically found following the verb in a sentence.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		What does the underlined word  in the following sentence exemplifiy?
The dancing dogs entertained the crowd.
	
	
	
	Gerund.
	
	
	Participle.
	
	
	Infinitive.
	
	
	Split infinitive.
	
	
	Dangling construction.
	
Explicação:
Participles  can be used as adjectives
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		''The wine urges me on, the bewitching wine, which sets even a wise man to [singing] and to [laughing] gently and rouses him up to dance and brings forth words which were better unspoken''. (Homer). The verbs in brackets are, respectively:
	
	
	
	participle and infinitive
	
	
	participle and gerund
	
	
	gerund and participle
	
	
	participle and participle
	
	
	gerund and gerund
	
Explicação:
In both cases the gerund is used because a gerund serves as a noun.
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		In which sentence can we find an example of a gerund serving as SUBJECT?
	
	
	
	She likes dancing.
	
	
	Running is an excellent activity.
	
	
	It's raining.
	
	
	The train leaving the station is the fastest in Europe.
	
	
	My working hours are really intense.
	
Explicação:
Para desempenhar a função de sujeito, a forma verbal em -ing deve funcionar como um noun (e não como um adjetivo).
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		What does the word in brackets in the following sentence exemplifiy? "The kittens [crouching] under the bed have refused to come out".
	
	
	
	Split infinitive
	
	
	Infinitive
	
	
	Gerund
	
	
	Participle
	
	
	Dangling modifier
	
Explicação:
" A participle is a verb that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n (past participle). Participles may function as adjectives, describing or modifying nouns.
              The dancing parrots entertained the crowd.
              The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore.
But participles have another function. When used with helping verbs such as to be and to have, they are action verbs and form several verb tenses.
              She is thinking of the children.
              The conference room had been cleaned before they arrived. "
(www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/english/verb/  )
	
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Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Which sentence presents an -ING structure functioning as a NOUN?
	
	
	
	What an alarming noise!
	
	
	There are not many ways of mending somebody´s heart.
Lesson 9
		1.
		In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated?
	
	
	
	b) An American's devotion to McDonald's, rests in part on uniformities associated with all McDonald's restaurants: setting, architecture, food, ambience, acts, and utterances.
	
	
	d) Dynamite was lavishly used and many of San Francisco's proudest structures were crumbled by man himself into ruins, but there was no withstanding the onrush of the flames.
	
	
	c) Some players hit the ball and stand, dejected, waiting for it to land; others, turn away, and leave it to the caddy.
	
	
	a) When in doubt, mumble; when in trouble, delegate.
	
	
	e) Lila, who lives in a trailer with a parakeet and some scrappy dogs and cats, has been the town fire warden, for almost 30 years.
	
Explicação:
" There are some general rules which you can apply when using the comma. However, you will find that in English there are many other ways to use the comma to add to the meaning of a sentence or to emphasise an item, point, or meaning.
Although we are often taught that commas are used to help us add 'breathing spaces' to sentences they are, in fact, more accurately used to organise blocks of thought or logical groupings. Most people use commas to ensure that meaning is clear and, despite grammatical rules, will drop a comma if their meaning is retained without it."
(www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/comma/ )
	
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Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE?
	
	
	
	A comma
	
	
	A colon
	
	
	A semicolon
	
	
	An apostrophe
	
	
	A hyphen
	
Explicação:
 A compound sentence consists of two or more independent (main) clauses.  Because the independent clauses in a compound sentence are grammatically equal structures, they are joined by one of the coordinating conjunctions (and, but, yet, or, nor, so)  or by a set of correlatives (either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also, both-and).
A comma should be used before these conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, yet, or, . (http://grammartips.homestead.com/compoundsentences.html )
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used FOR DIRECT CITATION OF INFORMATION?
	
	
	
	A comma
	
	
	A dash
	
	
	A full stop
	
	
	Quotation marks
	
	
	A period
	
Explicação:
" We use quotation marks with direct quotes, with titles of certain works, to imply alternate meanings, and to write words as words. "
( https://www.grammarly.com/blog/quotation-marks/ )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		In which alternative the meaning of the sentence is: "Laura' new car shone in the sunlight and it is outside."
	
	
	
	c) Outside Laura's new car shone, in the sunlight.
	
	
	e) Outside, Laura¿s, new car shone in the sunlight.
	
	
	b) Outside, Laura's new car shone in the sunlight.
	
	
	d) Outside Laura's, newcar shone in the sunlight.
	
	
	a) Outside Laura's new car, shone in the sunlight.
	
Explicação:
By ordering the sentence and the punctuation , you get to the main idea.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN WORDS OR DIVIDE WORDS INTO SYLLABLES?
	
	
	
	A hyphen
	
	
	A comma
	
	
	A colon
	
	
	A dash
	
	
	An apostrophe
	
Explicação:
" Hyphens are used to join parts of a word or compound phrase, as in ex-wife, full-length mirror, and by-the-book negotiations. As the Chicago Manual of Style puts it, ¿Far and away the most common spelling questions for writers and editors concern compound terms¿whether to spell as two words, hyphenate, or close up as a single word.¿
( http://www.dictionary.com/e/hyphen/ )
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO INTRODUCE A LIST AND BEFORE A FINAL CLAUSE THAT EXPLAINS SOMETHING IN THE SENTENCE?
	
	
	
	A full stop
	
	
	A period
	
	
	A comma
	
	
	A colon
	
	
	A semicolon
	
Explicação:
" The colon is used to introduce a list of items.
The bookstore specializes in three subjects: art, architecture, and graphic design.
The colon is used to separate two independent clauses when the second explains or illustrates the first. In such usage, the colon functions in much the same way as the semicolon. As with the semicolon, do not capitalize the first word after the colon unless the word is ordinarily capitalized.
I have very little time to learn the language: my new job starts in five weeks. "
( http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/colon.html )
 
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Pick out the one sentence that is correctly punctuated.
	
	
	
	e) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort, for the affluent but, a century ago, it was the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors.
	
	
	a) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but a century ago it was the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors.
	
	
	b) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent, but a century ago it was the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors.
	
	
	d) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but, a century ago it was, the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors.
	
	
	c) Harbor Springs is now a summer resort for the affluent but, a century ago, it was the Indian village of my Ottawa ancestors.
	
Explicação:
" You should put a comma before but only when but is connecting two independent clauses.
Example: I would go for a walk, but it¿s raining outside.
How do you know you have two independent clauses? First, look at the words before but: I would go for a walk. Then look at the words after but: it¿s raining outside. Both of those phrases could stand alone as complete sentences. That means they¿re independent clauses, so you need to use a comma before but. "
( www.grammarly.com/blog/comma-before-but/ )
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used IN CONTRACTIONS AND TO INDICATE POSSESSION?
	
	
	
	A dash
	
	
	A period
	
	
	Quotation marks
	
	
	Inverted commas
	
	
	An apostrophe
Lesson 10
		1.
		Which of the following sentences has an example of an ADVERBIAL CLAUSE?
	
	
	
	I know what you did last weekend.
	
	
	If Anna gets some extra money, she will study Brazilian Portuguese.
		2.
		In which alternative there is a SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION?
	
	
	
	I thought my tail-light was broken, but it was simply disconnected from the plug.
	
	
	She refuses to admit she hates her boss, for she dislikes conflict with anyone.
	
	
	The mechanic fixed the broken tail-light, and he replaced the brakes, too.
	
	
	Because he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in the movies.
		3.
		In which alternative the noun clause is AN OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION?
	
	
	
	Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.
		4.
		In which alternative there is a noun clause?
	
	
	
	b) Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant.
	
	
	a) He told me that the match had been cancelled.
		5.
		In which alternative the relative pronoun is A SUBJECT?
	
	
	
	The neighbor whose fence my brother installed is a very nice old man.
	
	
	Ana is the girl for whom the seagulls fly.
	
	
	The department has experienced problems which have delayed production.
		6.
		A dangling modifier is a word or clause that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept. In which alternative there is a correct sentence?
	
	
	
	Exhausted, starting the housework at such a late hour seemed ridiculous.
	
	
	Singing for all she was worth, we hoped desperately that Margaret would win the competition.
	
	
	Walking along the beach, the sun rose majestically over the ocean.
	
	
	Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed.
	
	
	After reading the original study, I find the article unconvincing.
		7.
		In which alternative the verb is correctly applied?
	
	
	
	c) They delayed leaving.
		8.
		In which alternative there is a NOUN CLAUSE?
	
	
	
	Although Ramonita often thought about joining the choir, she never talked to her friends about it.
	
	
	Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant.
	
	
	He told me that the match had been cancelled.
Simulado
	1a Questão (Ref.:201709672612)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	What type of sentence contains ONLY ONE CLAUSE?
		
	
	Complex
	
	Idiosyncratic
	
	Mixed
	
	Simple
	
	Compound
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:33:04
	
	
	
	2a Questão (Ref.:201712065886)
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	In order to master the grammar of a language, we need to understand certain details about it.
Choose the comment among the ones below which is INCORRECT.
		
	
	Another term for dependent clause is subordinate clause: this means that the clause is subordinate to another element (the independent clause) and depends on that other element for its meaning.
	
	A clause is always considered as a full grammatical sentence.
	
	Clauses can be either independent clauses (also called main clauses) or dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses).
	
	According to AZAR (1989), a clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb.
	
	A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment".
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:44:57
	
	
	
	3a Questão (Ref.:201710085667)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	Choose the alternative whose relative pronoun can fill the space appropriately: Mr Richards, __________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner. 
		
	
	when
	
	which
	
	whose
	
	who 
	
	that 
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:35:42
	
	
	
	4a Questão (Ref.:201709672679)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	The following classifications can be applied to ADVERBIAL CLAUSES, EXCEPT:
		
	
	Place
	
	Manner
	
	Time
	
	Comparision
	
	Object of a Preposition
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:37:09
	
	
	
	5a Questão (Ref.:201709668478)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	In which alternative the correlative conjunction is not parallel? 
		
	
	d) BOTH my sisters AND my cousins are invited to the party. 
	
	e) NEITHER my sisters NOR my cousins are invited to the party. 
	
	a) I wondered WHETHER to make the telephone call NOR to see her in person. 
	
	b) The secretary is EITHER working at her desk OR visiting the dean. 
	
	c) NOT ONLY my sisters BUT ALSO my cousins are invited to the party. 
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:37:48
	
	
	
	6a Questão (Ref.:201709672917)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	In which alternative the sentence is NOT correctly punctuated? 
		
	
	Those basketball shoes, to be perfectly honest, do not complement the suit you are planning to wear to the interview. 
	
	Janice and her friends went to the mall, to flirt with the cuteguys who congregate at the food court. 
	
	To improve your writing, you must consider your purpose and audience.
	
	To avoid burning another bag of popcorn, Brendan pressed his nose against the microwave door, sniffing suspiciously. 
	
	To buy a basket of flowers, John had to spend his last dollar. 
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:38:07
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	
	7a Questão (Ref.:201709672947)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	In the sentence ''[Waiting] for the late bus, I decided finally to learn how to drive,'' the word in brackets is correctly classified as which of the following? 
		
	
	participle 
	
	infinitive 
	
	main verb 
	
	gerund 
	
	auxiliary verb 
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:39:41
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	
	8a Questão (Ref.:201712066712)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	What does the underlined word  in the following sentence exemplifiy?
The dancing dogs entertained the crowd.
		
	
	Infinitive.
	
	Dangling construction.
	
	Split infinitive.
	
	Gerund.
	
	Participle.
	Respondido em 18/04/2020 09:40:21
	
	
	
	9a Questão (Ref.:201709673029)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	Which of the following punctuation marks is used TO JOIN WORDS OR DIVIDE WORDS INTO SYLLABLES?
		
	
	A dash
	
	A hyphen
	
	
	10a Questão (Ref.:201709673073)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	In which alternative the relative pronoun is A SUBJECT?
		
	
	Ana is the girl for whom the seagulls fly. 
	
	The person whom the committee nominated for the prize already won last year. 
	
	The department has experienced problems which have delayed production. 
AV
		Identify the sentence which is composed by independent clauses: (Ref.: 201709831601)
	
	
	
	
	Insects are very important, since they pollinate flowers.
	
	
	As she hasn't answered my e-mail, I am going to call her right now.
	
	
	You can tell me about this dengue issue after I return from work.
	
	
	Insects are very important, but they transmit diseases.
	
	
	When you've finished cleaning the car, you can play with your sister.
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		2.
		1. Read the sentences below:
I. He said that he could not come.
II. What I did yesterday is none of your business.
III. All the kids are interested in what the principal is going to announce today.
IV. Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.
V. The radio stations will give whoever can answer the next question one hundred dollars.
 Now, choose the alternative whose noun clauses classification is respectively correct:
 (Ref.: 201710221143)
	
	
	
	
	Direct object, subject, object of the preposition, subject, indirect object
	
	
	Direct object, predicative, predicative, predicative, indirect object
	
	
	Subject, predicative, object of the preposition, predicative, indirect object
	
	
	Direct object, subject, predicative, subject, object
	
	
	Subject, direct object, object of the preposition, subject, object
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		3.
		What would NOT be the right way to join these sentences: (1) He's the man. (2) I sent the money to him.  (Ref.: 201709672648)
	
	
	
	
	He's the man that I sent the money.
	
	
	He's the man who(m) I sent the money.
	
	
	He's the man I sent the money to.
	
	
	He is the man whose I sent the money to.
	
	
	He's the man to whom I sent the money.
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		4.
		Decide which semantic type it is, from the choices given: "[Provided he works hard], he'll do very well at school.".  (Ref.: 201709668470)
	
	
	
	
	d) Reason
	
	
	a) Comparative
	
	
	e) Result
	
	
	b) Concessive
	
	
	c) Conditional
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		5.
		In which alternative there is an example of additive correlative clause?  (Ref.: 201709668474)
	
	
	
	
	e) I had scarcely walked in the door when I got the call and had to run right back out again.
	
	
	d) He did not know whether to exit the freeway at Orange Avenue or to exit the freeway at Cherry Avenue.
	
	
	c) She wanted neither cake nor ice cream.
	
	
	a) Bowling isn't as fun as skeet shooting.
	
	
	b) For dessert, you may have either cake or ice cream.
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		6.
		In the sentence "I hope to vacation in Canada next year," which of the following is true?  (Ref.: 201709668514)
	
	
	
	
	a) A participle serves as an adverb.
	
	
	b) An infinitive serves as an adverb.
	
	
	d) A participle serves as an indirect object.
	
	
	c) An infinitive serves as a direct object.
	
	
	e) An infinitive serves as an indirect object.
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		7.
		Consider the following news headlines from www.newsweek.com:
"CATS ACTUALLY LIKE BEING WITH YOU MORE THAN YOU THINK".
Question: What is the function of the gerund in the sentence above?
(Source: http://www.newsweek.com/cats-study-behaviour-humans-character-574607)
 
 (Ref.: 201710140939)
	
	
	
	
	SUBJECT
	
	
	OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
	
	
	INDIRECT OBJECT
	
	
	DIRECT OBJECT
	
	
	SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		8.
		In which sentence can we find an example of a gerund serving as SUBJECT?
 (Ref.: 201710147942)
	
	
	
	
	Running is an excellent activity.
	
	
	The train leaving the station is the fastest in Europe.
	
	
	It's raining.
	
	
	My working hours are really intense.
	
	
	She likes dancing.
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		9.
		Which of the following punctuation marks is used IN CONTRACTIONS AND TO INDICATE POSSESSION? (Ref.: 201709673026)
	
	
	
	
	A dash
	
	
	An apostrophe
	
	
	Inverted commas
	
	
	A period
	
	
	Quotation marks
	
	 
	 
		1 ponto
	
		10.
		In which alternative there is a subordinating conjunction?  (Ref.: 201709668523)
	
	
	
	
	c) She finally booked a trip to Paris, France, YET she only plans to stay four days.
	
	
	e) BECAUSE he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in the movies.