Prévia do material em texto

LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA 
 
 
Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA: 
 
 
A construção de sentido sofre influência de um maior ou menor conhecimento do código 
lingüístico do texto. 
 
 
O processo de leitura étambém um ato de criação, já que o leitor participa ativamente da 
constituição dos sentidos do texto. 
 
Um leitor proficiente precisa, apenas, saber decodificar os códigos lingüísticos para que 
possa atribuir significados à escrita. 
 
 
A recepção de sentido de um texto vai depender das experiências de vida e do 
conhecimento de mundo do leitor. 
 
 
A leitura proporciona a quem lê um texto a capacidade de questionar, mas também de ser 
questionado, de rever seus conceitos. 
Explicação: Kern states that literacy in a second language involves a competence to interpret and 
critically evaluate a large variety of written and spoken texts in cultural, pragmatic and interactional 
contexts. I expect that the process of reading may reveal readers who perform an active role and 
that recognize that they are responsible to build meanings in communicative contexts. They should 
also have the ability to understand cultural differences and be able to function adequately in a 
literate foreign society. But do not forget that as an efficient reader, you should be able to do that in 
an autonomous way. 
 
 
►Choose the words which can complete the following sentence about literacy: 
''It requires a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to ______ a wide variety of written 
and spoken texts." 
 
 
recognize and translate 
 
 
listen and speak 
 
 
select and pronounce words correctly 
 
 
understand and reproduce 
 
interpret and critically evaluate 
Explicação: Texts are effectively interpretated if readers are able to fully understand what they are 
reading, what words actually mean. That is why discourse competence are closely connected to 
effective critical reading. 
 
 
Quando lemos temos em mente vários tipos de objetivos de leitura que devem ser identificados 
para uma compreensão mais profunda do material a ser observado. Qual opção abaixo NÃO se 
enquadraria como um objetivo de leitura? 
 
 
Chegar a conclusões específicas sobre um assunto. 
 
 
Estudar para uma prova 
 
 
Responder perguntas sobre um texto. 
 
 
Fazer um resumo. 
 
Esquecer conteúdo 
Explicação: A resposta não se encaixa como um objetivo de leitura porque não está 
relacionado com o contexto de reter informação para uma atividade posterior como as outras 
opções. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A central idea for the definition of Reading refers to the perception that when you read something, it 
does not matter what, you build 
 
 
funny stories 
 
meaning 
 
 
oral patterns 
 
 
moral values 
 
 
certainties 
 
Explicação: When we reade we are reconstructing a message that was once proposed by the author. 
We are building meaning. The meaning previously proposed. 
 
 
Readers should take some positions when reading, except. 
 
 
Readers should evaluate texts in cultural, pragmatic and interactional contexts. 
 
 
Readers should be responsible to build meanings in communicative contexts. 
 
 
Readers should be able to function adequately in a literate foreign society. 
 
Readers should perform a passive role as they receiving the information. 
 
 
Readers should behave in an autonomous way. 
 
Explicação: Readers should perform as an active reader, as they are applying meaning to what is 
written. 
 
 
Mark the only option which is not part of the capacities and abilities a reader must have: 
 
 
Discourse knowledge 
 
 
Memory 
 
 
Attention 
 
Knowledge of many foreign languages 
 
 
Motivation 
 
Explicação: Any reader should master their own languagein order to interact in a positive way with 
texts they go through. Mastering a foreign language is not necessary to form a good reader. 
 
 
 
 
Kern (2000) presents a definition of "literacy", which brings the notions we believe to be 
essential for the understanding of reading as a social act. Mark the option that does NOT present 
this definition: 
 
 
"Literacy" in a second language means much more than the separate abilities to read and 
write. 
 
 
"Literacy" requires "a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to interpret 
and critically evaluate a wide variety of written and spoken text". 
 
 
"Literacy" in a second language involves a competence to interpret and critically evaluate a 
large variety of written and spoken texts in cultural, pragmatic and interactional contexts. 
 
"Literacy" is a state whereby one is unable to read and write. In its simplest form, it can be 
defined as lack of any or sufficient education. 
 
 
"Literacy" is a complex concept of familiarity with language and its use in context-
primarily written language, but by extension also spoken communication. 
 
 
 
 
 
Whenever we talk about genres, we will be referring to classifications such as, EXCEPT: 
 
 
Fairy tales 
 
 
Comic trips plays 
 
 
Novels 
 
Narrative texts 
 
 
Fables 
Explicação: Narrative texts are types of texts, not text genres. 
 
 
Classify the paragraph below: On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny 
unicycle--a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's short yellow hair, 
made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black 
with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its 
broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-
tone nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two 
colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles 
and disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the 
unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles 
the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a 
cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure greets me with a smile every time I 
enter my room. 
 
 
Narration 
 
Description 
 
 
Exposition 
 
 
Injunction 
 
 
Argumentation 
 
Explicação: Descriptive texts are concerned with the location of persons and things in 
space. They will tell us what lies to the right or left, in the background or foreground, or they 
will provide background information which, perhaps, sets the stage for narration. It is 
immaterial whether a description is more technical-objective or more impressionistic 
subjective. 
 
 
A key feature of nonfiction texts is: 
 
 
Something will happen to the characters or the extract will lead up to something 
happening 
 
 
There will be a main idea (a theme) explored in the passage 
 
 
Language will be used imaginatively. The writer will employ literary 
techniques to put across her or his ideas. 
 
 
 
There will be characters - probably one or two main ones 
 
The style of writing will be straightforward and factual. 
Explicação: Non-fiction is a type or genre of writing based on facts and real life rather 
than a made-up or fictional story. Non-fiction includes any kind of text designed to give 
information. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cheating and Plagiarism 
Students are responsible for familiarising themselves with the University Code 
of Student Conduct, as on enrollment with the University the student has placed 
themselves under the policies and regulations of the University and all of its duly 
constituted bodies. Disciplinary authority is exercised through the Student 
Conduct Committee. The Committee has procedures in place for hearing 
allegations of misconduct. Copies of the student conduct code are available at the 
Student Services Office. 
Academic dishonesty is never condoned by theUniversity. This includes cheating 
and plagiarism, which violate the Student Conduct Code and could result in 
expulsion or failing the course. 
Cheating includes but is not limited to obtaining or giving unauthorized help 
during an examination, getting unauthorized information about the contents of an 
examination before it is administered, using unauthorized sources of information 
during an examination, altering or falsifying the record of any grades, altering or 
supplying answers after an examination has been handed in, falsifying any 
official University record, and misrepresenting the facts to get exemptions from 
or extensions to course requirements. 
Plagiarism includes but is not limited to submitting any paper or other document, 
to satisfy an academic requirement, which has been copied either in whole or in 
part from someone else¿s work without identifying that person; failing to identify 
as a quotation a documented idea that has not been thoroughly assimilated into 
the student's language and style, or paraphrasing a passage so closely that the 
reader could be misled as to the source; submitting the same written or oral 
material in different courses without obtaining authorisation from the lecturers 
involved; or 'dry-labbing', which includes obtaining and using experimental data 
from fellow students without the express consent of the lecturer, utilizing 
experimental data and laboratory write-ups from other parts of the course or from 
previous terms during which the course was conducted, and fabricating data to fit 
the expected result. 
From the above text, it is possible to infer that: 
 
 
It is never acceptable to paraphrase closely. 
 
 
The text lists all activities that are considered to be cheating. 
 
 
The Student Services Office familiarises students with the student code. 
 
If students want to use other students' laboratory data, they must ask them 
and the lecturer first. 
 
 
Cheats will automatically be expelled because their behaviour cannot be 
condoned. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
if students want to use other students' laboratory data, they must ask them and the 
lecturer first. = submitting the same written or oral material in different courses 
without obtaining authorisation from the lecturers involved; or 'dry-labbing', which 
includes obtaining and using experimental data from fellow students without the 
express consent of the lecturer, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
It is important to know the difference between genres and text types. 
Mark the option that represents one of the text types: 
 
 
fables. 
 
 
fiction; 
 
 
plays; 
 
argumentative; 
 
 
comic trips; 
Explicação: Argumentative texts ¿ texts which develop themselves by means of 
logical resources. 
 
 
 
 
 
Leia o texto abaixo e assinale a alternativa que revela a principal razão para que se ensine inglês desde 
cedo nas escolas europeias. 
"The use of English as a global tongue is booming. English has become part of the daily routine. It is 
not different in European nations! There, students as young as 7 are learning multiplication or discussing 
the weather in English. In one classroom, lists of songs that the first grade has already mastered include 
not only local German tunes but "Old McDonald" and "How are you doing this morning?" . Parents are 
delighted. "It is something that you need", said Beatriz Caforeo, whose son, Andrea, goes to the school 
there. "Everywhere people are speaking English, not just abroad. Throughout Europe, English is 
growing in use and acceptability. Beyond the schoolhouse here, European Universities, particularly in 
Northern Europe, are giving courses in science, philosophy and business in English." 
 
 
Because people think English is a cool and easy language. 
 
 
Because they all want to visit Disneyland. 
 
 
Children communicate better in English 
 
English is necessary all around the word 
 
 
Children learn faster than adults. 
Explicação: A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. Sometimes referred to 
as a focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the 
information in the paragraph. In formal writing, the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a 
paragraph (although it doesn't have to be). 
The use of English as a global tongue is booming. English has become part of the daily routine. 
 
 
 
READ the following situation: 
"Carolina is a very good reader. As she is always interested in a varied number of different subjects, we 
can say she is a better reader than others because she..." 
► Choose the right option to complete the situation above. 
 
 
she knows many language grammar rules 
 
... owns knowledge and a lot of previous experiences. 
 
 
she memorized a list of synonyms 
 
 
she has a very beautiful voice when she reads texts 
 
 
always carries a dictionary with her 
Explicação: Previous knowledge - The process of comprehension of a text also depends on the 
experiences the reader had had before in life. These experiences will influence the way the reader 
sees the world and how much of these experiences he is going to use while developing his 
expectations towards what he is going to read. 
 
Fictional texts are stories, so will have all the features of imaginative writing. The piece of text could 
be taken from a novel or short story. A key feature of these texts is: 
 
 
the main idea is introduced early on in the passage and then developed in subsequent 
paragraphs 
 
 
setting of the story (where it takes place) will be made clear early on in the passage 
 
 
present information and ideas about a topic 
 
 
present a point of view about the topic 
 
 
layout might include headlines, subheadings, pictures 
 
Explicação: Fictional texts in general have some elements of the story, such as: setting, time, 
characters, narrator and plot. 
 
 
Com que advérbio de frequência podemos completar a lacuna na seguinte frase com o objetivo 
de afirmar que ele quase nunca limpa a casa? 
David __________ cleans the house. 
 
 
 frequently 
 
seldom 
 
 
sometimes 
 
 
always 
 
 
 never 
Explicação: A palavra "seldom" tem a conotação de "quase nunca", "raramente". 
 
 
Leia a seguinte passagem sobre as rotinas de Paulo Souza e de seu amigo 
Paul, escolhendo um dos verbos entre parênteses para completer cada 
sentença: 
My name is Paulo Souza and I am a doctor. I work at a big hospital in Resende. 
I get up very early and I usually ( have/ has) a small breakfast. I eat fruit, 
bread, cheese and I generally drink coffee, but my friend Paul, who is an 
American, always ( have/has) bacon and eggs for breakfast. He ( eat/eats) 
bacon and eggs and ( drink/drinks) orange juice. After breakfast we go to 
work. Paul ( go/goes) downtown by subway. At midday, we stop for lunch. I 
try to eat healthy food but Paul ( do/does) not ( worry/worries) about that. 
He ( try/tries) to find a place where he can eat far food. Then, we go back to 
work and in the evening we go home. I never drink alcoholic drinks, but he 
(do/does). I go to bed by eleven but Paul always ( watch/ watches/ a good 
film before sleeping. 
Assinale a alternativa cujos verbos completam corretamente as sentenças do 
texto. 
 
 
 
has/has/eats/drinks/go/do/worry/try/do/watch 
 
 
have/has/eats/drinks/go/do/worry/tries/do/watches 
 
have/has/eats/drinks/goes/does/worry/tries/does/watches 
 
 
has/have/eat/drink/go/do/worry/try/do/watch 
 
 
have/have/eats/drink/go/do/worries/tries/do/watches 
 
 
 
Read the following text, identify the text type and mark the correct option: "It was a pleasant, 
sunny day in August in a coastal village in New Brunswick, Canada. Damian and Danny both 16, 
decided to go for a walk on one of the woodland trails near the village. The thought of danger on 
that trail never crossed their minds, but within minutes they found themselves in anunusual and 
terrifying three-hour ordeal!" 
 
 
argumentative text; 
 
 
expository text; 
 
narrative text; 
 
 
descriptive text; 
 
 
injunctive text; 
Explicação: Narrative texts ¿ describe real or imaginary happenings which, to a certain extent, 
are linked to each other. 
 
 
Leia este parágrafo para responder à pergunta abaixo 
"It seems the art of survival - or continual positive projection - in the world of pop music 
these days, depends very much on change. If artists fail to recreate their persona-
chameleon-like, over and over again, they risk facing accusations of dullness; that they are 
not fashionable." 
O ponto principal deste número é dizer ao leitor que os artistas precisam: 
 
 
not be fashionalble 
 
 
avoid being dull at all costs 
 
 
keep an image that the public knows and loves 
 
 
stay sexy to survive 
 
recreate themselves to survive 
 
Explicação: It seems the art of survival - or continual positive projection - in the world 
of pop music these days, depends very much on change. 
 
 
Mark the option which completes the following sentence: My father is very absent 
minded and always --------------his keys. 
 
 
brings 
 
 
finds 
 
forgets 
 
 
catches 
 
 
keeps 
 
Explicação: Absent minded = distraído, so he always FORGETS his keys. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are seven basic uses of the simple present tense. Mark the option that does 
not suit them: 
 
 
habitual actions; 
 
 
instructions. 
 
 
observations and declarations; 
 
permanent lies; 
 
 
commentaries; 
Explicação: Permanent truths. 
 
 
As we know, narrative texts have some specific characteristics. Mark the option 
that does not suit them: 
 
 
This kind of text is based on perception in time. 
 
Narrative text defends a particular position by means of evidences. 
 
 
The succession of events is given in chronological order. 
 
 
Narrative text tells a story. 
 
 
Narrative text entertains the reader. 
 
Explicação: Argumentative texts defend a particular position by means of 
argumentative techniques and evidences. 
 
 
READ the text below: 
A quick tour through my house will convince you that I am an extremely messy 
person. In fact, some would say I'm a slob. Starting in my bedroom, you will see 
clothes tossed around as if thieves had just looted the place. T-shirts dangle from 
door knobs, socks sit balled up on top of the dresser, and blue jeans cover the floor 
like a drop cloth. A trail of shoes and sneakers leads you out of the bedroom and 
into the bathroom. There you will stand on a sopping towel and see a blow-dryer 
and a copy of Newsweek lying on the sink alongside an uncapped tube of Crest. 
►Mark the option which presents the topic sentence of the previous text: 
 
A quick tour through my house will convince you that I am an 
extremely messy person. 
 
 
A trail of shoes and sneakers leads you out of the bedroom. 
 
 
Newsweek lying on the sink alongside an uncapped tube of Crest. 
 
 
T-shirts dangle from door knobs. 
 
 
you will see clothes tossed around as if thieves had just looted the 
place. 
 
Explicação: A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. 
Sometimes referred to as a focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the 
paragraph by summarizing the information in the paragraph. In formal writing, 
the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph (although it doesn't 
have to be). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"Students are given access to data, and are provided with structured 
opportunities to work out rules, principles and, so on for themselves. The 
concept here is that information will be more deeply processed and stored if 
learners are given an opportunity to work things out for themselves, rather than 
simply being told." 
The text above is about: 
 
 
previewing 
 
 
inferencing 
 
 
classifying 
 
inductive reasoning 
 
 
predicting 
 
Explicação: We are exposed to several different examples of a situation, and 
from those examples, we conclude a general truth. For instance, you visit 
your local grocery store daily to pick up necessary items. You notice that on 
Friday, two weeks ago, all the clerks in the store were wearing football 
jerseys. Again, last Friday, the clerks wore their football jerseys. Today, also 
a Friday, they're wearing them again. From just these observations, you can 
conclude that on all Fridays, these supermarket employees will wear football 
jerseys to support their local team. 
This type of pattern recognition, leading to a conclusion, is known 
as inductive reasoning. 
 
in order to be able to make inferences and draw conclusions, the reader is 
supposed to use the following resources, EXCEPT: 
 
Background or previous knowledge: When you use this strategy, 
you are able to create hypotheses about the themes you are going 
to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read the texts, 
you can agree or modify your first impressions about them. 
 
 
Semantic context: the meaning of the text as a whole, i.e., to guess 
the meaning of the words and ideas based on the context, taking 
into consideration the words, phrases and sentences which 
precede and proceed them, and which contribute to the 
construction of the text as a whole. 
 
 
Non-linguistic context (non-verbal information): information 
presented on maps, tables, pictures, drawings 
 
 
Linguistic context: clues which determine if the word is a noun, 
a verb, an adjective, etc. 
 
 
Knowledge on textual organization: clues and information from 
the title, subtitles, thesis statements, etc. 
Explicação: Background or previous knowledge: knowledge the reader 
already has about the subject of the text. 
 
 
 
READ the story below: 
Long ago, there lived a pig that was given plenty of good food to eat each day. 
Needless to say, the pig was quite satisfied with his life. Satisfied, that is, until one 
morning when the farmer's wife brought his food and said, "Enjoy this good food 
while you can, dear pig. For you shan't be around much longer!" 
► Make a prediction: What does the farmer's wife most likely tell the pig next? 
 
 
"You are being sold to a pet store!" 
 
 
"We are moving to another farm!" 
 
 
"We will be giving you away." 
 
"When next we meet, you will be on our dinner table!" 
 
 
"We will put you on a diet because you are getting fat!" 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Prediction - When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses about 
the themes you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read 
the texts, you can agree or modify your first impressions about them. When you 
use this strategy, you are mentally preparing yourself for the reading. Try to 
understand the title of the text, if there is a one, or search for any other visual 
clues because they generally function as a summary of the text. 
 
 
Sobre as atividades de pré- leitura, é correto afirmar que: 
 
 
They improve students¿ abilities to understand oral speech, as they 
are based on listening activities which precede the reading activity. 
 
They help students activate their background knowledge about 
important abilities, strategies and lexis which are going to be 
necessary in the text. 
 
 
They are essential to the development of the four skills anyone should 
develop when learning a language: reading, writing, speaking, and 
listening. 
 
 
They are intended to develop students¿ abilities to writing better, 
because they deal with new grammar and lexis the teacher expects the 
students to use in their compositions. 
 
 
They are generally useless in helping students understand the text 
they will be reading next, as they are not responsible for the 
activation of any prior knowledge. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The pre-reading activates the previous knowledge of the students in relation to 
the knowledge of the world: exploitthe title, drawings, graphs, figures, author, 
source, lexical items ( Once upon a time), textual organization, the purposes. 
 
 
Leia o texto abaixo e responda a pergunta que o segue. 
Autumn is the season that falls between summer and winter. There are many 
changes that begin in this fascinating season. Days become shorter. Leaves of 
trees turn from green to vibrant red, yellow and orange. Trees need sunlight to 
keep their leaves a lively green. Without sunlight leaves turn colors. The grass is 
no longer blanketed with dew but with frost, almost every morning, as 
temperatures reach the freezing point. Animals start storing up a food supply to 
last through the long winter months. These changes occur as we adjust from the 
heat of the summer to the chill of the winter. 
Qual das seguintes mudanças pode ocorrer no Outono? 
 
 
it becomes very hot 
 
 
snow fall's very often. 
 
days become shorter 
 
 
days become longer 
 
 
there is more sunlight 
 
 
"Your course will start with an initial assessment in week 1, followed by a 
guided tour of the building." This is an example of: 
 
 
Persuasive text 
 
Informative text 
 
 
Narrative text 
 
 
Instructive text 
 
 
Descriptive text 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Informational text is nonfiction writing, written with the intention of 
informing the reader about a specific topic. It is typically found in magazines, 
science or history books, autobiographies and instruction manuals. They are 
written using special text features that allow the reader to easily find key 
information and understand the main topic. 
 
 
Leia com atenção a situação abaixo e relacione-a com a técnica de leitura a qual 
se assemelha, assinalando a respectiva opção: When you look for a number in a 
telephone directory, you do not read all the text. Instead, you prefer to hurry 
over the text until you find the information you want. When doing so, which 
reading subskill are you applying? 
 
 
intensive reading 
 
scanning 
 
 
extensive reading 
 
 
skimming 
 
 
reading for gist 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Scanning helps the reader obtain information from the text without need 
reading all text. It is a quick preview of the text, you just read the information 
contained in that space. You do the scanning moving your eyes from up to down 
and vice-verse, looking for the main words, or specific phrases or key words, 
etc. When you are doing the scanning pay attention to the punctuations of the 
author, such us, marks with numbers, letters, asterisk, etc. Look for underlined 
word, words in bold, in italic, different sizes of letters or words. This process is 
useful, like already said, for whom wants to find specific information, such as, 
a name, a date of birth, a phone number in a list, a word in a dictionary and so 
on. 
 
 
A son writes ... Last week I asked my Mum if I could go to a rock festival. 
No',shesaid, 
 
the music will be too loud ... there'll be crowds of people ... you won't know 
anybody ...'. These excuses were so lame I decided there was some other secret 
reason why she didn't want me to go. After all, this is the first time my mum has 
ever shown any concern about the dangers of loud music. I think the real reason 
Mum is worried about my going to the festival is that my friends and I will have 
to survive by ourselves for a couple of days. This might not sound like much of 
a challenge, but surviving means preparing food as well as eating it, putting tents 
up as well as sleeping in them ... Mum has obviously realized that if I went to 
the festival I would soon find out how totally dependent on her I am. And once I 
realized how incapable I am of surviving on my own, I would never leave home 
again. Then Mum would have a pathetic teenager / adult under her feet for the 
rest of her life. 
Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. The son 
wanted to go to the festival for ... 
 
 
a couple of weekends. 
 
 
two days at home. 
 
 
two days alone. 
 
two days with his friends. 
 
 
a month 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The structure of writing a narrative can be achieved through the following of some patterns that 
aid in the better production of narration. Which one of the following options is NOT a pattern to 
be followed by writers? 
 
 
Incorporate the narration of the following actions or the consequences of the 
previous ones. 
 
Mix up all the facts without care for the logical order. 
 
 
Present the final result or results. 
 
 
Include background information that will define the placement of the scene or 
happening. 
 
 
Add the narration of the first or previous actions. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
In order to produce a comprehensible narrative, a logical order of the facts must be 
observed so that the reader is not confused or discouraged to engage with the writing. 
I. Read the text below[1]: 
 
Hi Rebecca, 
How ARE you?! It's been ages!! I thought I'd drop you a line seeing as I'm stuck in the airport 
with nothing to do but make use of the free Wi-Fi. 
Not that writing to you isn't top of my list of things to do, of course ;) but I've been totally 
snowed under at work, plus all the family stuff that's been going on ... Anyway, I'm just about 
to go on a much-needed holiday so I really can't complain! 
But tell me: what have you been up to? I saw Carol a couple of months ago - don't know if you 
heard what happened with her job but it made me feel grateful I only slightly hate mine - and 
 
she was saying your book is going to be published?! GREAT news!!! Send me a link and I'll 
definitely buy it and leave a five-star review :) 
As for me, same old, same old re: job. Maggie and I broke up a while ago, as you know, but 
we're getting on much better now and it's working out far better for the kids. No-one new on 
the horizon but I'm off to Canada travelling for a month (if this plane ever leaves!) so who 
knows?! 
Actually, I'll be flying over your house in a few hours. I'll wave! Let's make a plan to see each 
other when I get back, OK? 
Hope life's treating you well! 
Lots of love, 
Sarah 
 
► The previous text is an example of a/an: 
 
 
[1] Adapted from: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org 
 
 
enquiry letter/e-mail 
 
 
recommendation letter/e-mail 
 
informal letter/e-mail 
 
 
covering letter/e-mail 
 
 
letter/e-mail of complaint 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Due to the informality present in the text - contractions, idioms etc. - this is the case of an 
informal letter/e-mail 
 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"A letter/e-mail normally submitted with a job application in which the writer explains his/her 
credentials and interest in the open position. This type of writing must highlight the candidate¿s abilities 
and justify why a company should offer him/her the job". 
► The text above refers to specific text type. Which one? 
 
 
informal letter/e-mail 
 
 
recommendation letter/e-mail 
 
 
letter/e-mail of complaint 
 
covering letter/e-mail 
 
 
enquiry letter/e-mail 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
This is the definition of a covering letter, typically written when someone applies for a job and 
attaches it to his/her CV. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
 
To Whom It May Concern, 
 
It gives me great pleasure to recommend Sarah Morgan Silva for an MA in Education at the University 
of Sussex. I was Ms. Silva's professor of Teaching Methodologies in Portuguese as a Second Language 
for a semester in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (August-December 2015) and during that period, I had the chance 
to notice her great performance throughout the lectures. The course comprises a set of complex issues 
(i.e. approaches and methods, uses of some digital technologies as mediating tools, lesson planning, 
etc.), which demands a lot of dedication, focus, and several hours of hard work and Ms. 
Silva demonstrated both maturity and commitment to her studies. 
In relationto all classroom activities and assignments, Ms. Silva always did her work conscientiously, 
besides continuously seeking out additional information on how to become a better professional and 
education. She also had a great capacity for fulfilling her responsibilities in a variety of activities, always 
looking forward to succeeding in all assessments. 
Personally, I find Sarah Morgan Silva to be an intelligent, organized and articulate person, who is self-
motivated and demonstrates great interest in educational issues. I strongly recommend her for the course 
aforementioned, and I am happy to amplify on any details if you wish. 
 
Yours faithfully, 
 
John Peterson 
 
► The previous text is an example of a/an: 
 
 
covering letter/e-mail 
 
recommendation letter/e-mail 
 
 
letter/e-mail of complaint 
 
 
informal letter/e-mail 
 
 
enquiry letter/e-mail 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The text exemplifies the case of a letter of recommendation. In the example, Mr. John Peterson has 
written a letter recommending Ms. Sarah Silva for a specific academic scholarship. 
 
 
When reading something, it helps to know what type of text it is. It also helps to know why it has been 
written. 
►Which alternative DOES NOT correspond to the purpose of the text in each situation? 
 
A manual might try to persuade you to buy something. 
 
 
A novel might describe somewhere or someone to you. 
 
 
A leaflet that comes with a piece of furniture tells you how to put it together or take care of 
it. 
 
 
A car manual might instruct you how to do something to your car. 
 
 
A letter from school might inform you about something. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Directive texts are concerned with concrete future activity. Central to these texts are imperatives 
(Hand me the paper) or forms which substitute for them, such as polite questions (Would you hand 
me the paper?) or suggestive remarks (I wonder what the paper says about the weather). A manual is 
an example of injunctive text. 
 
 
READ the text below: 
Enjoy an Enchanting Holiday in the Maldives. Scattered across the Indian Ocean lie islands with the 
finest white sand beaches and clearest crystal blue waters. These are the MALDIVES! Over 1,000 coral 
islands. Temperatures here are always in the 80s. What can our holiday offer you? Luxurious 
accommodation aboard the fabulous Orient Explorer. Water sports for the entire duration of your 
holiday. Drinks and entertainment included at no extra charge. Chauffeur-driven limousine to and from 
the airport. Combine this with another seven-night holiday in our opulent apartments at the Kelai 
Country Club. Prices start from just £899 per person. 
https://is.muni.cz/el/1441/podzim2015/A2BP_PJ1A/um/35513232/Text_types.txt 
 
► The purpose of the text above is: 
 
To persuade 
 
 
To describe a place 
 
 
To tell a story 
 
 
To be mandatory 
 
 
To expose the facts about the island. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A persuasive text is a text that is constructed to make you do something. For example, an 
advertisement. 
 
 
CONSIDER the following situation: 
''Your course will start with an initial assessment in week 1, followed by a guided tour of the building.'' 
►The situation above is an example of (choose the right option): 
 
Informative text 
 
 
Descriptive text 
 
 
Instructive text 
 
 
Narrative text 
 
 
Persuasive text 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
An informative text is a text that wants to advise or tell you about something. 
 
A newspaper article might give you information about a health issue like giving up smoking. 
A website might give you information about a movie, band or something that you are interested in. 
A handout from school might be advising you about what your child will be doing during the next 
term. 
 
Informative texts usually: 
• avoid repetition 
• contain facts 
• give information in a clear way - introducing the subject. 
 
Read the text below: 
¿This is a document in which the writer comments on the qualities, characteristics, and capabilities of 
the person being recommended in terms of that individual's ability to perform a specific task or function. 
These letters/e-mails are normally connected to employment or admission to higher education 
institutions¿. 
► The text above refers to specific text type. Which one? 
 
 
informal letter/e-mail 
 
 
enquiry letter/e-mail 
 
 
covering letter/e-mail 
 
recommendation letter/e-mail 
 
 
letter/e-mail of complaint 
 
 
Explicação: The definition emphasizes someone being recommend for a position due to his/her abilities 
etc 
 
Mark the option with the right meaning of ´took off´ in the sentence ´The plane took off at 3:15`. 
 
took off means left the ground 
 
 
took off means arrived 
 
 
took off means touch the ground 
 
 
took off means returned 
 
 
took off means caught the people 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
take off = 1. If an aircraft, bird, or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly: 2. to 
suddenly start to be successful or popular: 3. to suddenly leave somewhere, usually without telling 
anyone that you are going. 
 
 
eia o texto com atenção e selecione a alternativa que apresenta a seqüência correta em que as palavras 
aparecem no texto Mama Mia: U.S. Ranks 28th in Best Place to be a Mother by Lesley Kennedy - 
May 5th/ Time Magazine According to the organization's 11th annual report, which ranks 
the_____________ places to be a mother, Norway and Australia are________ spots, while the United 
States places at just number 28 -- down from 27 in 2009. The reason? America's maternal______ rate 
-- one in 4,800 -- is one of the highest in the____________ world, according to Save the Children. 
Also factoring in: The U.S. ranks behind many other wealthy nations in terms of 
maternity__________ policies. 
 
 
best and worst - leave - developed - the top - mortality. 
 
 
the top - leave - developed - best and worst - mortality. 
 
best and worst - the top - mortality - developed - leave. 
 
 
mortality - best and worst - the top - developed - leave. 
 
 
best and worst - leave - developed - the top - mortality. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
U.S. Ranks 28th in Best Place to be a Mother by Lesley Kennedy - May 5th/ Time Magazine 
According to the organization's 11th annual report, which ranks the BEST AND WORST 
(melhores e piores) places to be a mother, Norway and Australia are THE TOP (no topo) spots, 
while the United States places at just number 28 -- down from 27 in 2009. The reason? America's 
maternal MORTALITY (mortalidade) rate -- one in 4,800 -- is one of the highest in the 
DEVELOPED (desenvolvido, primeiro mundo) world, according to Save the Children. Also 
factoring in: The U.S. ranks behind many other wealthy nations in terms of maternity LEAVE 
(maternity leave = licença maternidade) policies. 
 
 
 
Read the following passage from an academic essay: 
"In a recent study, children in the city of Baltimore, USA, were interviewed about their prospects. Their 
ambitions reflected their own experience. Those from high-income families hoped to become lawyers 
or doctors, because those were typical professions of their parents' friends. Those from poorer 
backgrounds wanted to be professional sportspeople or music artists, since those were the people who 
had succeeded in their communities. However, they expected to be electricians or hairdressers. At 
school, the more privileged children performed better, because they knew that if they got good grades, 
their prospects of becoming a lawyer or doctor were good. The children from poorer backgrounds had 
no such incentive to do well at academic subjects and performed much worse. Nevertheless, when their 
school offered cash prizes on condition that their grades improved, the improvement was immediate". 
► The highlighted elements represent one effective writing technique which is commonly 
employed in academicessays. Which one? 
 
Linking words/phrases 
 
 
Clauses 
 
 
Pronouns 
 
 
Lexical links 
 
 
Sentences which guide the reader 
 
Explicação: The elements highlighted refer to cohesive devices, i.e. linking words. 
 
Read the following statement and mark the reason which justifies it: ¿ non-native speakers 
need not only to learn new vocabulary, but also be given guidance on the appropriate use 
of new words. 
 
 
that happens because non-native speakers avoid learning new words 
 
 
that happens because non-native speakers never uses new vocabulary 
 
that happens because for non-native speakers it is sometimes hard to find the 
right word for the right context 
 
 
that happens because new vocabulary is difficult to learn 
 
 
that happens because non-native speakers do not know all words. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
For non-native speakers it is sometimes hard to find the right word for the right 
context. Every text has lexical items which represent a certain number of unknown 
words which can be difficult or not. 
 
 
Read the following passage from an academic essay: 
"In a recent study, children in the city of Baltimore, USA, were interviewed about their 
prospects. Their ambitions reflected their own experience. Those from high-income 
families hoped to become lawyers or doctors, because those were typical professions of 
their parents' friends. The ones from poorer backgrounds wanted to be professional 
sportspeople or music artists, because those were the people who had succeeded in their 
communities. However, they expected to be electricians or hairdressers. At school, the more 
privileged children performed better, because they knew that if they got good grades, their 
prospects of becoming a lawyer or doctor were good. The children from poorer backgrounds 
had no such incentive to do well at academic subjects and performed much worse. 
Nevertheless, when their school offered cash prizes on condition that their grades 
improved, the improvement was immediate". 
► The highlighted elements represent one effective writing technique which is 
commonly employed in academic essays. Which one? 
 
 
Pronouns 
 
 
Lexical links 
 
 
Linking words/phrases 
 
 
Conjunctions 
 
 
Sentences which guide the reader 
 
Explicação: Since the highlighted words are used to refer back to previous information 
and to avoid repetition, they are classified as "pronouns". 
 
 
Mark the option which best translates the following sentence: I have to replace these 
batteries or my m.p.5 won´t work. 
 
 
Eu tenho que recolocar a bateria do meu carro. 
 
 
Eu tenho que trazer pilhas novas pro meu carro. 
 
Eu tenho que trocar as pilhas do meu m.p.5 ou ele não vai tocar. 
 
 
Eu tenho que trocar a bateria do meu Formula 5. 
 
 
Eu tenho que colocar pilhas no meu m.p.5 
 
 
 
eia a letra da música de Bon Jovi 
Misunderstood 
 Should I? Could I? Have said the wrong things right a thousand times If I could 
just rewind I see it in my mind If I could turn back time, you'd still be mine You 
cried, I died I should've shut my mouth, things headed south As the words slipped 
off my tongue, they sounded dumb If this old heart could talk, it'd say you're the 
one I'm wasting time when I think about it 
Que expressão pode ser encontrada na letra que poderiam explicar a palavra 
rewind (retrocesso)? 
 
 
 Slipped off 
 
 Sounded dumb 
 
 shut my mouth. 
 Turn back in time 
 
 Wasting time 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"How you use language is important, especially in academic essay writing. When 
writing an academic essay, remember that you are trying to persuade others that you 
are an expert who can make an intelligent argument." 
► The previous information refers to the way linguistic and communicative 
techniques are employed. Which of the following tips is NOT adequate? 
 
 
 Write a concluding paragraph summarizing your opinions 
 
Write a long and thorough first paragraph, by introducing the topic and your 
angle on it 
 
 
First discuss one of your suggestions/supporting arguments and give reasons 
for your opinion on it 
 
 Make use of linking words and phrases to strengthen cohesion 
 
 
Later discuss another of your suggestions/supporting arguments, again 
giving your opinion supported by reasons 
 
Explicação: The first paragraph must be short and introduce the reader with the 
writer¿s thesis/argument 
 
 
As we have learned, the writer can be formal or informal. Mark the option which represents a 
formal language: 
 
 complex and thourough. 
 
 abbreviations; 
 
 contractions; 
 
 small sentences; 
 
 personal or emotional tone; 
 
 
 
Say which option does not complete the following statement: The art of writing a 
letter takes 
 
 
 the ability to put into words your feelings, thoughts, and/or ideas 
 
 employment of proper forms 
 
 practice 
 the full mastering of computing abilities 
 
 
the knowledge of the basic parts of a letter that will help you to create 
letters for a variety of occasions 
 
 
After reading the sentence, choose the correct conjunctive: "I am working hard; 
________________, my husband is watching TV." 
 
 therefore; 
 
 moreover; 
 
 instead; 
 meanwhile; 
 
 similarly. 
 
Explicação: Meanwhile = enquanto isso. 
 
 
 
 
As we have learned, the writer can be formal or informal. Mark the option which 
represents an informal language: 
 
 complex and thourough; 
 
 no personal style; 
 
 longer sentences; 
 slangs and abbreviations; 
 
 objective 
 
 
Read the following statements and mark the only option which should not be 
considered when one decides to write a letter: 
 
 
 employ formal language if you are writing a business letter 
 
 consider the purpose of the letter 
 
 choose what style of letter to write 
 
 write a personal letter if you are writing to a friend 
 disregard the letter degree of formality or informality 
 
 
Explicação: It is necessary to consider who you are writing to in order to 
establish the degree of formality. 
 
 
 
Apesar de não ser uma tendência no momento, a escrita de cartas pode nos ensinar 
muito sobre organização no ato de escrever. Qual sentença abaixo NÃO se aplica a 
escrita de cartas? 
 
 
 
O parágrafo introdutório fará uma esquematização dos principais pontos a 
serem mencionados na carta. 
 
 
Ao terminar uma carta, o indivíduo deve concluir seus pensamentos 
mencionados anteriormente. 
 
 O primeiro parágrafo estabelece o tom da carta. 
 
Ao término de uma carta de negócios, por exemplo, a expressão "thinking 
of you" é utilizada. 
 
 Em inglês, você pode terminar uma carta com a expressão "yours truly". 
 
Explicação: Deve-se tentar ser o mais neutro possível nas cartas inseridas no contexto 
de trabalho o que demonstra que a expressão "thinking of you" não se encaixa em tal 
descrição. 
 
 
Which line can be found at the beginning of a letter or email? 
 
 Take care. I can¿t wait to see you next week. 
 
I am writing in response to your advertisement in today's newspaper for an IT consultant. 
 
 Write, or better still, e-mail me soon. 
 
 Just a note to say thank you so much for having me to stay last weekend. 
 
 We trust this arrangement meets with your satisfaction. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
This line can be found at the beginning of a letter or email. It is a formal way to start responding to a previous 
letter or email. 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
In the age of technology, there are some examples of written texts that use the 
forms of spoken language. One of them is sms messages or messaging apps. 
Which linguistic characteristic below does NOT fit this type of technology? 
 
 Formally structured sentences. 
 
 Rules of written grammar and punctuation are often ignored. 
 
 Abbreviations are used. 
 
 Even spoken language is used in the format of audio recording. 
 
 Emojis and images can be used to convey emotionsand ideas. 
 
 
 
 
1. 
 
Read the text below: 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
"Through analyzing the seven factors of spoken discourse, we can easily come to 
the conclusion that there are such a number of rules and functions implied in the 
one-minute extract, which have made crucial contribution to the two 
speakers' conversation." 
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a research paper. 
Which one? 
 
 
 Conclusion 
 
 Results & Analysis 
 
 References 
 
 Literature review 
 
 Abstract 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The section under consideration is the "conclusion". Notice the use of the structure 
"we can come to the conclusion that..." 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
A prefix is a set of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Mark 
the correct word with happy: 
 
 mishappy; 
 
 underhappy. 
 
 rehappy; 
 unhappy; 
 
 dishappy; 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Unhappy = infeliz. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
Leia atentamente as frases abaixo e escolha a que não tem um verbo auxiliar. 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
 
 Paul will be a footballer some day . 
 
 The film is produced in Hollywood. 
 A study shows a link between smoking and fertility problems. 
 
 He's been in there for ages. 
 
 Depression has become a global disease. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 
The film is produced in Hollywood. 
Paul will be a footballer some day . 
He's been in there for ages. 
Depression has become a global disease. 
 
 
Gabarito 
Coment. 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
Usando as regras gramaticais, escolha a frase que é gramaticalmente correta. 
 
 
 He asked that what am I doing. 
 
 She said that she would to come. 
 John asked Peter why their father was angry. 
 
 Do you would like to come with me? 
 
 She asked him what was he doing. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Do (Would) you would like to come with me? 
She asked him what was he doing. (what he was doing) 
She said that she would to come. 
He asked that what am I doing. 
 
 
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Gabarito 
Coment. 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"Besides, almost everyone learns to speak, but not necessarily to write. Therefore, 
the importance of speaking leads us to think how people communicate with each 
other by talking." 
► The previous information refers to a specific technique employed when 
writing research papers. Which one? 
 
 
 
 Lexical links 
 Linking words/phrases 
 
 Reference words 
 
 Idiomatic expressions 
 
 Pronouns 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Both elements are example of conjunctions, also known as linking words. 
 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for 
understanding a second language. Mark the COGNATE word: 
 
 realize; 
 popular; 
 
 library; 
 
 notice; 
 
 record; 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Popular = popular 
 
 
 
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http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
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7. 
 
 
The following sentence has a false cognate (the word in italics): "Attend the telephone!" Rewrite 
it substituting the false cognate for the CORRECT word. Mark this word: 
 
 Bring; 
 
 Go; 
 Answer; 
 
 Buy; 
 
 Take; 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 Answer = atender 
 
 
 
 
 
8. 
 
 
Mark the only sentence which has a transitive verb with two objects: 
 
 
 Dalila studied the lessons very carefully. 
 
 Carlos sent a perfect e-mail! 
 
 Christiane chose a terrific gift! 
 Renata wrote wonderful messages to her students. 
 
 Julia read all the answers. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
 According to certain linguistics considerations, these objects may be called direct and indirect, or primary and 
secondary. English has a number of generally ditransitive verbs, such as give and grant, and many transitive verbs 
that can take an additional argument (commonly a beneficiary or target of the action), such as pass, read, bake, etc.: 
He gave Mary ten dollars. 
He passed Paul the ball. 
Jean read him the books. 
She is baking him a cake. 
 
English grammar allows for these sentences to be written alternately with a preposition (to or for): 
He gave ten dollars to Mary. 
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He passed the ball to Paul. 
Jean read the books to/for him. 
She is baking a cake for him., etc. 
 
1. 
 
 
Qual destas técnicas não garante a coesão da escrita? 
 
 
 Conecte uma sentença com a outra de forma lógica. 
 
 
Repita uma palavra da sentença anterior para o melhor encadeamento de 
ideias. 
 
 
Utilize palavras e expressões transitórias, como por exemplo, "that is" ou 
"in other words". 
 
Ao indicar comparação de ideias, utilize palavras como "but" ou 
"however". 
 
 "In addition" e "besides" são empregadas para indicar continuação. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
As palavras "but" e "however" indicam na verdade ideias contrárias e não de 
comparação. O uso delas para sinalizar comparações não irá surtir em sentenças 
coesas. 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Mark the option which describes the most natural and most common order of 
sentences in English: 
 
 Subject-verb-object 
 
 Verb-verb-appositive 
 
 Subject-object-verb 
 
 Object-verb-subject 
 
 Complement-subject-verb 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
subject +verb+object = direct order in English, no comma is needed. 
 
 
 
 
 
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3. 
 
 
Use the discourse markers given in the box to complete the gaps. 
"He could read and write ________being blind." 
 
 Despite 
 
 End 
 
 When 
 
 But 
 
 Although 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
When he was blind 
Although he was blind 
But ¿ it makes no sense - but + noun 
And ¿ it makes no sense - and+noun 
Despite + verb in the -ing form 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"Many of the topics were only briefly touched upon, and as a result, the reader 
will have to explore them in more depth elsewhere. There is a great deal of 
interesting information, but I feel that the authors often try to undermine accepted 
theories without evidence. Moreover, the last chapter would be logical as the first 
one, especially because this is an introductory text." 
► The previous highlighted information refers to a specific technique 
employed when writing book reviews. Which one? 
 
 
 Reference words 
 Linking words/phrases 
 
 Passive voice 
 
 Lexical units 
 
 Pronouns 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
All the highlighted words relate to linking words/phrases. 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"Despite its accessibility, there are some issues with the book. In the introduction, 
the authors state 'the book assumes that the acquisition and use of second languages 
is a normal part of human life, something that needs looking at scientifically 
because we know little about it and often depend upon folk wisdom for our views 
about'. I understand this to mean that the text will focus on clarifying matters by 
avoiding folk wisdom. However, there are several areas where the chapters present 
generalizations that can really confuse and bias a novice reader." 
► The previoustext is an example of a specific section in a book review. 
Which one? 
 
 Critique 
 
 Heading 
 
 Summary 
 
 Discussion 
 
 Recommendation 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The text presented has critical view on the book. The end of the text has important 
clues on it: '¿ confuse and bias the reader'. 
 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
 
There are some ways in which writers can link sentences together to form texts, 
except: 
 
 
 Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters) 
 
 Repeat a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence. 
 Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the first sentence . 
 
 Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)] 
 
 Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
Repeating a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence. 
Energy in food is measured in calories. Approximately 50% of the calories we 
consume are used in physical activity. 
Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second. 
The surroundings in which we carry out our daily lives are very important to us. 
We are continually aware of our environment as we go about our business. 
Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the second sentence. 
Trees are an essential part of a city's development. They help reduce pollution 
and provide shade. 
 Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)] 
The maize plant faces two main pests. The first is the weevil borer whose larvae 
eat their way through the maize plant. 
Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters) 
The UAE is spending a lot of money to improve its environment. For example, it 
invested millions of dollars developing forests in the desert. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
In the following paragraph, the words in bold supply an idea of: 
"Bick tea is a blend that has been compressed into a cake. It is taken mainly by the minority groups in China. First, 
it is ground to a dust. Then, it is usually cooked in milk." 
 
 consequence 
 time 
 
 adversity 
 
 addition 
 
 cause 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
There is temporal relationship whenever the events in a text are related in terms of 
the timing of their occurrence. 
 
 
 
 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
8. 
 
 
Mark the option which characterizes the general term ´cohesion`. Cohesion is 
 
 
 the use of grammatical devices to separate ideas 
 
 the use of verbs to establish temporal relations 
 
 the use of adjectives to organize discourse 
 
 the use of syntactical devices to introduce new sentences 
 the use of linguistic devices to join sentences together 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Cohesion is 
the grammatical and lexical linking 
within a text or sentence that holds 
a text together and gives it 
meaning. 
1. 
 
 
Which of the following discourse connectors convey the idea of cause? 
 
 Thus 
 
 When 
 
 In fact 
 
 Futhermore 
 
 Nevertheless 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Thus (cause) 
When (time) 
Furthermore (addition) 
Nevertheless (contrast) 
In fact (emphasis) 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 
 
 
The order most often used in persuasive writing includes four steps, or parts. 
Choose the option which shows the appropriate order: 
 
 
 
clarifying remark, supporting sentences, position statement, concluding 
sentence 
 
 
position statement, supporting sentences, clarifying sentences, concluding 
sentences 
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http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
 
 
concluding sentence, position statement, clarifying remark, supporting 
sentences 
 
 
supporting sentences, clarifying remark , concluding sentences, position 
statement 
 
position statement, clarifying remark, supporting sentences, concluding 
sentence. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
¿Topic sentence( sentence frasal) 
. Clarifying remark (about the context in which the earlier claim was made. ) 
¿First supporting sentence (primeira sentença de apoio) 
¿Second supporting sentence ( segunda sentença de apoio) 
¿Third supporting sentence ( terceira sentença de apoio) 
¿Concluding sentence ( sentença final que resuma a sentença frasal) 
 
 
Gabarito 
Coment. 
 
 
 
 
 
3. 
 
 
The key to a good paragraph is its topic sentence. Which of the following 
alternatives is NOT the function of a topic sentence? 
 
 
 To limit the topic. 
 
 To show an attitude or a reaction of the writer to the topic. 
 To substitute for a title to the paragraph. 
 
 To give an opinion or impression of the writer about the topic. 
 
 To introduce the topic immediately. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
A topic sentence is not and cannot be considered a title. The topic sentence states 
the opinion that the writer wants the audience to accept. 
 
 
 
 
 
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4. 
 
 
The following statement illustrate types of opinions that you can use as topics for 
argumentative writing: Choose the most appropriate item for the following 
statement: The band´s audition was very poor 
 
 Opinion that evaluates 
 
 Opinion that explains 
 
 Opinion that destroys 
 
 Opinion that advises 
 
 Opinion that modifies 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
to evaluate = to determine or to fix the value of. (avaliar). 
 
 
Gabarito 
Coment. 
 
 
 
 
 
5. 
 
 
Here are some connectors you may use more commonly in your paragraphs to 
start supporting sentences. Mark the only one which cannot be used with this 
meaning: 
 
 
 First 
 
 To start with 
 
 To begin with 
 To end up 
 
 First of all 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
To end up = it is used to conclude, not to supply supporting ideas. 
 
 
 
 
 
6. 
 
Read the text below: 
"I am available for interview at any time. Thank you for considering this 
application and please do not hesitate to contact me at any time by phone or in 
writing if you have questions about any of the above. 
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
http://simulado.estacio.br/bdq_simulados_exercicio.asp
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I look forward to hearing from you. 
Yours sincerely." 
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a letter of 
application. Which one? 
 
 
 Contact information 
 Closing 
 
 Date 
 
 Salutation 
 
 Opening paragraph 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The set of expressions used in the text ¿ "I look forward to hearing from you", 
"Yours Sincerely" are employed in the closing section. 
 
 
 
 
 
7. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"As a recent graduate from university, I am well aware that I still have much to 
learn and it is exactly this kind of challenging environment that I am seeking. You 
will also see from my CV that I am someone who believes in getting results. My 
two proudest achievements are raising over £15,000 for a local charity and 
finishing the London Marathon." 
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a letter of 
application. Which one? 
 
 
 Second middle paragraph 
 
 Addressee 
 
 Contact information 
 
 Salutation 
 
 Closing 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Descriptive information on the candidate's past experiences should be displayed in 
the second middle paragraph. 
 
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8. 
 
 
Read the text below: 
"In closing, I am available for interview at any time. Thank you for considering 
this application andplease do not hesitate to contact me at any time by phone or 
in writing if you have questions about any of the above." 
► The previous information refers to a specific technique employed when 
writing letters of application. Which one? 
 
 
 Phrasal verbs 
 
 Lexical units 
 
 Pronouns 
 Linking words/phrases 
 
 Rhetorical expressions 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
The highlighted elements refer to conjunctions (also known as linking words). 
 
1. 
 
 
Reading can be described as 
 
 
 the understanding of a group of words. 
 
 a group of words organized in a logical order but with no meaning. 
 
 an abstract concept. 
 
 a concrete observable task. 
 
 a task designed only for gifted people. 
 
 
 
Quest.: 2 
 
2. 
 
 
According to what we have studied about text types, mark the RIGHT definition 
about them: 
 
 Expository texts - description of reality or fiction which they are based on. 
 
 Argumentative texts - express an order given by the author to the reader. 
 
 
Narrative texts - describe real or imaginary happenings which, to a certain 
extent, are linked to each other. 
 
 
Injunctive texts - texts which develop themselves by means of logical 
resources. 
 
 Descriptive texts - texts used to give information about something. 
 
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Quest.: 3 
 
3. 
 
 
Leia o parágrafo abaixo e escolha a alternativa que apresenta sua idéia 
principal: 
Carla, I would like to inform you that it has been interesting and 
profitable working with you, said Mr . Oliveira, when he called her to 
come to his office that morning. You are a very nice young lady, but it 
seems we need someone to work here who would have a more dynamic 
personality. Therefore, I have to ask you to resign your position here and 
wish you have all the luck to find a new position at another company. 
 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira está educadamente demitindo Carla. 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira quer promover Carla. 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira pensa que Carla é boa demais para o cargo que ocupa 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira pensa que Carla não gosta do emprego. 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira deseja que Carla encotre um emprego melhor. 
 
 
 
Quest.: 4 
 
4. 
 
 
Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for 
understanding a second language. Mark the cognate word: 
 
 parents; 
 
 fabric; 
 
 pasta; 
 
 balcony; 
 
 panic; 
 
 
 
Quest.: 5 
 
5. 
 
 
Qual das opções abaixo NÃO representa uma característica dos gêneros 
textuais? 
 
 
 A specific verb tense 
 
 A specific layout 
 
 A specific grammatical structure 
 
 A specific communicative function 
 
 A specific vocabulary 
 
 
 
Quest.: 6 
 
6. 
 
Read the following passage from an academic essay: 
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"In a recent study, children in the city of Baltimore, USA, were interviewed 
about their prospects. Their ambitions reflected their own experience. Those 
from high-income families hoped to become lawyers or doctors, because 
those were typical professions of their parents' friends. Those from poorer 
backgrounds wanted to be professional sportspeople or music artists, since 
those were the people who had succeeded in their communities. However, 
they expected to be electricians or hairdressers. At school, the more 
privileged children performed better, because they knew that if they got 
good grades, their prospects of becoming a lawyer or doctor were good. The 
children from poorer backgrounds had no such incentive to do well at 
academic subjects and performed much worse. Nevertheless, when their 
school offered cash prizes on condition that their grades improved, the 
improvement was immediate". 
► The highlighted elements represent one effective writing technique 
which is commonly employed in academic essays. Which one? 
 
 
 
 Lexical links 
 
 Pronouns 
 
 Sentences which guide the reader 
 
 Linking words/phrases 
 
 Clauses 
 
 
 
Quest.: 7 
 
7. 
 
 
Choose the only option which could not complete the following sentence: 
Informality or attempts to mirror the spoken language is most obvious in 
the encoded informality of 
 
 
 love letters 
 
 letters to your closest friends 
 
 business reports 
 
 e-mails 
 
 sms messages 
 
 
 
Quest.: 8 
 
8. 
 
 
Marque a opção incorreta de acordo com o uso correto do prefixo 
UNDER. 
 
 
 Underdone 
 
 Understand 
 
 Underestimate 
 
 Undermistakable 
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 Underprivileged 
 
 
 
Quest.: 9 
 
9. 
 
 
Coherence can be achieved in a number of ways, except: 
 
 
 Using transition signals to link ideas 
 
 Arranging your ideas in logical order 
 
 Repeating key nouns 
 
 Using consistent pronouns 
 
 Always replacing nouns with pronouns 
 
 
 
Quest.: 10 
 
10. 
 
 
The following statement illustrate types of opinions that you can use as 
topics for argumentative writing: Choose the most appropriate item for the 
following statement: Young people should give careful thought to career 
planning 
 
 
 Opinion that evaluates 
 
 Opinion that advises 
 
 Opinion that modifies 
 
 Opinion that explains 
 
 Opinion that destroys 
 
 
 
 
 
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