GRAMÁTICA INGLESA

Prévia do material em texto

SINTAXE DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
Profa. Ana Cláudia Pozo Griecco
33 SUMÁRIO
SUMÁRIO
APRESENTAÇÃO 5
INTRODUÇÃO 7
1U N I D A D E 1 
TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA 9
1.1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 9
1.2. VERB TO BE 13
1.3. ARTICLES 18
1.4. THERE TO BE 21
1.5. POSSESSIVES 25
2U N I D A D E 2 
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 37
2.1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 37
2.2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 43
2.3. PREPOSITIONS I 47
2.4. ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND ADVERBIAL PHRASES 50
3U N I D A D E 3 
WH – QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS 65
3.1. WH – QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS 65
3.2. FUTURE TENSES 68
3.2.1. FUTURE WTH ‘WILL’ 69
3.2.2. FUTURE WITH ‘GOING TO’ 70
3.3. SIMPLE PAST – VERB TO BE 74
3.4. SIMPLE PAST - THERE TO BE 78
4 SUMÁRIO
4U N I D A D E 4 
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 87
4.1. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 87
4.2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE 94
4.2.1. REGULAR VERBS 94
4.3. IRREGULAR VERBS 97
4.4. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 102
APÊNDICES - LIST OF MOST COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS 117
REFERÊNCIAS 121
55 APRESENTAÇÃO
APRESENTAÇÃO 
Be all welcome!
Bem-vindo(a) à disciplina Sintaxe da Língua Inglesa! 
Este livro didático foi elaborado especialmente para você, aluno(a) do curso 
de Letras da Universidade Braz Cubas, que necessitará de conhecimentos básicos e 
intermediários da Língua Inglesa uma vez no mercado de trabalho, em sala de aula, 
com seus próprios alunos. Aprender a ensinar as estruturas da língua é praticar a 
própria língua, é fazer exercícios, interpretar textos, ampliar o vocabulário. Este material 
concentra as estruturas mais elementares e intermediárias e, ao final desse percurso, 
você deverá estar apto a produzir enunciados competentemente.
O material está dividido em quatro unidades. Cada unidade contém a explicação 
com exemplos, de pontos gramaticais específicos, básicos e intermediários da Língua 
Inglesa. Em seguida, exercícios que contextualizam a gramática apresentada, para a 
prática e fixação dos conteúdos. Ao final de cada UNIT, há outra seção que chamaremos 
de KEY, na qual você encontrará os padrões de respostas para todos os exercícios. 
Assim, poderá ele mesmo se avaliar e ser ainda mais responsável pela construção de 
seu próprio conhecimento. Você também encontrará, ao final do livro didático, uma 
lista de verbos irregulares, para que possa utilizar como consulta.
Agora é só começar! 
Let´s go! Keep up the good work and have fun with English!
Professora Ana Cláudia Pozo Griecco
6 APRESENTAÇÃO
77 INTRODUÇÃO
INTRODUÇÃO
Pronto para começar?
Mas antes, vamos a uma pergunta: você sabe o que é Sintaxe da Língua Inglesa? 
Sintaxe é a parte da língua que explora a maneira que o falante organiza e relaciona as 
partes de uma sentença. É o estudo das relações que as palavras estabelecem entre si e 
das relações que cada período estabelece com outros períodos. Então, para se estudar 
a Sintaxe, não só da Língua Inglesa, mas de qualquer outra língua, é imprescindível que 
conheçamos a gramática dessa língua, e como os elementos se estruturam entre si. Há 
muitas regras e vamos estudar cada uma delas. E você, futuro professor(a) de Língua 
Inglesa e Língua Portuguesa deve internalizar essas regras, saber usá-las e ensiná-las 
competentemente. Tudo o que você precisa é de um bom dicionário, e muito boa 
vontade! 
É importante lembrá-lo(a) que as teleaulas são de suma importância para 
que nosso trabalho seja concluído com sucesso! Então, não deixe de assisti-las, pois 
nossos materiais se completam e só funcionarão com sucesso se forem trabalhados 
mutuamente. Não deixe de utilizar todos os recursos que disponibilizamos para você, 
nosso aluno! Assim, com certeza alcançaremos o sucesso pretendido! 
Começamos nosso material com a gramática básica da Língua Inglesa – verbo 
to be, pronomes, artigos etc. Em seguida, daremos início à gramática intermediária 
– simple present, present continuous, simple past etc. Exercícios práticos e estruturais 
estão relacionados para fixação dos conteúdos e das regras. E lembre-se: há respostas 
padrão para todos eles, assim você poderá acompanhar de perto sua evolução!
Então, espero você lá! 
Professora Ana Cláudia Pozo Griecco
8 INTRODUÇÃO
99UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
1U N I D A D E 1 
TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
OBJETIVOS DA UNIDADE
•	Apresentar	as	estruturas	gramaticais	básicas	e	intermediárias,	a	fim	de	
se	desenvolver	as	habilidades	e	competências	necessárias	à	compreensão	
e	produção	de	textos	e	enunciados	em	Língua	Inglesa.
HABILIDADES E COMPETÊNCIAS
•	Domínio	das	estruturas	gramaticais	básicas	da	língua	inglesa	apropria-
da	aos	níveis	elementar	e	intermediário;	
•	Leitura,	interpretação	e	produção	de	pequenos	textos	e	enunciados	de	
natureza	simples.
1.1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
10 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
Os PERSONAL PRONOUNS são 
os pronomes pessoais em Inglês. 
Eles representam as pessoas, 
e estão divididos em: SUBJECTIVE 
PRONOUNS e OBJECTIVES PRONOUS.
Os SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS são 
usados como SUJEITO da oração. Aquele 
que pratica a ação.
Observe: 
I am a teacher. 
 You are a student. 
 She is a good girl.
Perceba que SUBJECT PRONOUN é posicionado sempre antes de um verbo:
Chris is not at home. He is at work now.
Susan is a doctor. She is brilliant!
Computers are not cheap. They are expensive.
O pronome IT merece uma atenção especial, uma vez que não temos um 
correspondente em Português. Além de ser usado para falar das coisas, dos objetos e 
dos animais, também usamos IT para falar:
•  Das horas – IT IS TEN O’CLOCK NOW.
•  Dos dias da semana – IT IS MONDAY.
•  Do clima/ tempo – IT IS SUNNY. / IT IS COLD.
•  Das distâncias – IT IS 2 MILES TO THE TOWN CENTRE.
Os OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS, por sua vez, representam o OBJETO, que pode ser 
DIRETO ou INDIRETO.
Observe:
Martin loves her. I want to talk to you. Give me themoney!
Perceba que ele é posicionado sempre depois do verbo ou depois de uma 
1111UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
preposição.
There is Carmen. Let’s talk to her. That is my friend Bob. I live near him.
Let’s do some exercises now.
1. Sublinhe a alternativa correta.
Model:
We/ Us go to the club every weekend. My mother drives we/ us there.
a. Can you help I/ me? 
b. My brother is a doctor. He/ him is a great surgeon.
c. What is wrong with they/ them?
d. That is Susan, Julio’s girlfriend. He/ him loves she/ her.
e. Dad’s car isn’t here. It/ its in the garage.
2. Substitua as palavras em negrito pelos SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS.
Model: 
My father is doing his work.
He is doing his work.
a. The girls are studying English now.
b. The lawyer is talking to his daughter.
c. My sister and I are teachers.
12 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
d. The dogs are barking a lot today!
e. You and your brother must be in class on time.
3. Agora, substitua as palavras em negrito por OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS.
Model:
The teacher is teaching her students.
The teacher is teaching them.
a. These bags belong to Paul and Bill.
b. Mr. Jones is talking to his son.
c. My mother always gives my sister and I presents.
d. At Christmas, my grandparents always buy my sister a gift.
e. I need to repair my bicycle.
4. Complete o texto com os SUBJECTIVE ou OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS.
Hi, my name is Susan. ___I___ (a) am 25 years old. My family lives in 
San Diego, California. ________ (b) have a brother called Simon and a sister 
called Sophia. ___We____ (c) live in a big house. ________ (d) has 3 bedrooms. 
My sister and ________ (e) like jogging. ________ (f) go jogging every night 
after work. Our personal instructor always helps ________(g) and controls our 
jogging time. _________ (h) is tiring, but ________ (i) have fun too.
1313UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
1.2. VERB TO BE
 
O verbo to Be é um dos verbos mais utilizados na Língua Inglesa. É considerado 
um verbo especial, e pode se apresentar de três maneiras no SIMPLE PRESENT (presente 
simples): AM – IS – ARE. Cada um dos Subjects Pronouns tem o seu verbo to be 
correspondente. Observe:
Usa-se o Verbo to Be:
•  Para identificar e descrever pessoas e objetos.
I am from The United States. 
 It is a door.
They are my friends Carol and Jack. 
 He is a student.
•  Nas expressões de tempo e lugar.
It is cold today. You are in London.
•  Nas expressões de idade.
I am 40 years old. Tim is 28 years old.
Para formar sentenças NEGATIVAS ou INTERROGATIVAS com o verbo to be, basta 
movimentar o verbo, ou seja, não é necessário nenhum verbo auxiliar. O próprio verbo 
to be vai transformar orações AFIRMATIVAS em NEGATIVAS ou INTERROGATIVAS.
14 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
Observe como construímos NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
- Affirmative sentence: He is a good student.
- Negative sentence: He is not a good student.
- Negative contracted sentence: He isn’t a good student.
Para formar uma sentença negativa, basta acrescentar a palavra NOT 
imediatamente após o verbo to be. Ou se preferir, utilizar a forma contraída ISN’T. 
Então: IS NOT = ISN’T
 ARE NOT = AREN’T
 AM NOT = Não há contração possível
Agora, INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
- Affirmative sentence: Carol is a nice girl.
- Interrogative sentence: Is Carol a nice girl?
Observe que para construirmos sentenças interrogativas temos que inverter o 
SUJEITO e o VERBO. Carol is.../ Is Carol...?
Have a look at the table below:
1515UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
Podemos contrair também o SUBJECT PRONOUN e o VERBO TO BE:
Now, let’s work on it.
1. Escreva a contracted form. 
a. He is: _______________________________
b. She is: ______________________________
c. They are: ____________________________
d. You are: _____________________________
e. I am not: _____________________________
f. We are not: ___________________________
g. It is not: ______________________________
h. She is not: ____________________________
2. Complete com am, is or are.
a. The weather ____is____ very nice today.
16 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
b. I________ not tired.
c. This case ________ very heavy.
d. These cases ________ very heavy.
e. The dog _______ asleep.
f. Look! There ________ Carol.
g. I________ hot! Can you open the window?
h. This castle ________one thousand years old.
i. Carmen ________ hungry. Let’s eat a burger.
j. Mrs. Johnson and my mother ________ very good friends.
k. This ________ the latest model keyboard.
l. My mother and I ________ are teachers.
3. Escreve sentenças positivas ou negativas. Use o verb to be – am, is, are.
Models: 
Paris/ capital of France. I/ interested in baseball.
Paris is the capital of France. I am not interested in baseball.
a. I/ hungry _________________________________________________
b. It/ warm today ____________________________________________
c. Rome/ in Spain ___________________________________________
d. I/ afraid of dogs ___________________________________________
e. Canada/ a very big country __________________________________
f. The Amazon/ in Africa ______________________________________
g. Motor-racing/ a dangerous sport ______________________________
h. Cats/ big animals __________________________________________
4. Responda as perguntas utilizando somente SHORT FORMS.
Model:
Are you married? Is it dark now?
Yes, I am. No, it isn’t.
1717UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
a. Are you tall? ______________________________________________
b. Is it cold today? ___________________________________________
c. Are you a teacher? ________________________________________
d. Are you tired? ____________________________________________
e. Are your hands cold? ______________________________________
f. Are you hungry? __________________________________________
g. Are you fat? ______________________________________________
h. Is it sunny? ______________________________________________
5. Transforme as orações abaixo em NEGATIVAS e INTERROGATIVAS.
Model:
Affirmative: My brother is an engineer.
Negative: My brother is not an engineer.
Interrogative: Is my brother an engineer?
a. My eyes are green.
b. My hair is long and straight.
c. My favorite actor is Brad Pitt.
d. It is freezing today.
e. You are a great professional.
f. Jane’s favorite color is blue.
6. Bill está em Bali. Complete o e-mail que ele enviou a seus amigos contando 
18 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
as novidades. Use o verbo to Be.
Hi, everyone!
Guess where I ________ ? What a beautiful sunset! It ________ Matahari beach, 
in Bali.I ________ here for a week.It ________ hot and sunny. The food ________ great 
– lots of fish and seafood. But the waves ________ the best of all! They ________ up 
to 3 meters tall. And you, guys? ________ you ok? I hope so. My family _______ here 
with me and they send you best regards. See you soon! 
Love, Bill.
1.3. ARTICLES
Os artigos são palavras usadas sempre antes de um substantivo. Eles são 
divididos em artigos definido e indefinido. Em inglês, são eles: THE/ AN or A. Vamos 
ver como são utilizados.
The Indefinite Article – A, AN
•  A e AN (um/ uma) são usados:
•  - antes de substantivos contáveis no singular.
A boy, a house, an orange, an elephant.
•  quando uma pessoa ou coisa é mencionada pela primeira vez.
I have a dog and a cat. My dog is Rex and my cat is Fluffy.
•  A é usado antes de palavras:
•  no singular, iniciadas por consoantes.
A dog a chair a friend a teacher
•  iniciadas por h quando este for pronunciado.
A horse a house a huge car a happy child
•  iniciadas por vogais que tem sons de consoantes.
A university (pronuncia-se “yuniversity”) a uniform (pronuncia-se “yuniform”)
•  AN é usado antes palavras:
•  no singular, iniciadas por vogais.
An egg an eraser an animal an awful person
•  -iniciadas por h quando este não for pronunciado.
An hour an honest person an honor
1919UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
•  AN ou A nunca serão usados antes de substantivos no plural ou diante de 
substantivos incontáveis.
Whales are big animals I need some sugar.
•  Usamos AN ou A para falar de profissões:
My mother is a teacher. Julia Robert is an actress.
The definite article – THE
•  O artigo definido THE (o, a, os, as) é usado antes de substantivos:
•  no singular ou plural, precedidos ou não por adjetivos:
The girl the girls the pretty girl the pretty girls
•  que se referem a uma pessoa ou coisa que já tenha sido mencionada 
anteriormente. Observe a diferença entre the e a/an:
I need to take a bus. The bus is late, so I got late to work.
•  que se referem a alguma coisa ou alguém, especificamente:
The teacher is in her room correcting the tests.
•  O artigo THE também é usado:
•  antes de instrumentos musicais:
The piano The flute The drums
•  antes de lugares geográficos:
The Amazon River The Americas
•  locais públicos e nomes conhecidos:
The bank the cinema The Madison Square Garden The Louvre Museum
•  antes de coisas únicas:
The sun The moon
•  em algumas expressões de tempo:
In the morning In the afternoon In the evening
20 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
LET’S PRACTICE!
1. Escreva a ou an.
a. ________ book
b. ________old book
c. ________ university
d. ________ drugstore
e. ________ airport
f. ________Americanrestaurant
g. ________economic problem
h. ________ nice morning
i. ________ hour
j. ________ pretty dress
k. ________ awful accident
l. ________trumpet.
2. Encaixe as palavras nas colunas abaixo.
EVALUATION – BREAD– HOUSES – COCKTAIL – ACCENT – BICYCLE HOUR – STUDENTS 
– EUROPEAN COUNTRY – ENGINEER – BOOK KID – USEFUL THINGS – MONEY - MAN
3. Complete as sentenças com a, an ou the.
a. Mr. Wilson likes to play ________ guitar.
b. There is ________ beautiful garden in front of _________ theater.
c. London is ________ biggest city in England.
2121UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
d. ________ Earth is becoming hotter and hotter.
e. I play tennis in ________ morning.
f. I like to go to ________ zoo to see ________ elephants.
g. French is ________ difficult language.
h. Do you want ________ orange or ________ apple?
4. Complete o texto sobre o Brasil. Use a, an ou X (quando o artigo não for 
necessário).
________Brazil is ________ huge country. In ________ north, there are ________ 
rain forests and ________ longest river is also situated there. In ________ south, 
________ climate is more European. ________Brazil also has many social differences. 
________ rich owns most of ________ country’s wealth and ________ poor often live 
on ________ minimum wage.
5. Encontre o erro e faça a correção.
Model:
I am going to a movies after work. I am going to the movies after work.
a. A Japanese flag is red and white.______________________________
b. There is the apple here. __________________________________
c. My best friend is the dentist. _______________________________
d. It is the difficult question. _________________________________
e. My brother is an director. _________________________________
f. I like to see a squirrels in the park. ____________________________
g. A bank is closed on Sundays. _____________________________
h. Look at a moon! It’s beautiful!______________________________
1.4. THERE TO BE 
There is a cat on the roof. There are seven days in a week.
 O THERE TO BE é utilizado para falar de coisas que existem, de eventos ou 
22 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
acontecimentos, ou mesmo de quantidade. Observe:
Look at the examples:
There is a big tree in the garden.
There’s a good film on TV this evening.
Excuse me, is there a public toilet near here?
There isn’t any child at the park.
Are there new teachers here?
Let’s do some exercises!
1. Sublinhe a alternativa correta.
Model:
(Is there/ are there) a taxi near here?
2323UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
a. Are there/ Is there lots of students in your school?
b. How many girls are there/ is there in your classroom?
c. In my street, there are/ there is a huge square.
d. There are/ there is ten tigers at the zoo.
e. There aren’t/ there isn’t a football field near your house.
f. There are/ there is many dogs on the streets.
g. Are there/ is there something to eat at home?
h. There are/ there is only one apple left.
2. Salesópolis é uma cidade pequena. Leia as informações no quadro e escreva 
sentenças com THERE IS, THERE ISN’T, THERE ARE ou THERE AREN’T.
Model:
There is a sport center in this city.
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
f. 
g. 
3. Complete as sentenças. Use there is/ there isn’t/ is there?/ there are/ there 
aren’t/ are there?.
a. New York is a very modern town. ______________ many old buildings.
24 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
b. Look! ______________ a photo of Lucas in the newspaper.
c. Excuse me, ______________ a restaurant around here?
d. ______________ five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters 
and me.
e. How many bedrooms ______________ in your flat?
f. Where can we sit? ______________ any chairs!
g. ______________ a bus from the city center to the airport?
h. ______________ books in this backpack? It’s so heavy!
4. Escreva sentenças utilizando os números corretamente. 
4 7 8 11 26 30 50 365
Model: 
(seasons/ a year) - There are four (4) seasons in a year. 
a. (days/ in a week) _______ ___________________________________
b. (days/ in a year)_________________________________________
c. (states/ in the USA) ______________________________________
d. (planets/ in the Solar System) ________________________________
e. (days/ in September) ____________________________________
f. (players/ in a football team) ________________________________
g. (letters/ in the English alphabet) _____________________________
5. Coloque there is ou it.
Model: There’s a train at 10:30. It’s a fast train.
a. I’m not going to buy this shirt. ________’s very expensive!
b. What is wrong? ________’s something in my eye!
c. ________’s car in front of my house. Is ________ your car?
d. ________’s a package on the floor. Is ________ for you?
2525UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
e. Is ________ any good program on TV now? Yes, ________’s a film at 
channel 8.
1.5. POSSESSIVES
•  Usa-se os POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES sempre antes de um substantivo:
•  What`s your name?
•  Alex has got his camera.
•  These are our suitcases.
•  O POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE corresponde ao sujeito a qual se refere:
Julia and her brother Tony and his grandmother
•  Perceba como é utilizado o POSSESSIVE PRONOUN:
•  This is your coat. That`s mine. (=my coat)
•  My name is Tony. What`s yours? (=your name?)
•  This isn`t Maria`s bag. Hers is blue. (=her bag)
•  Usa-se o POSSESSIVE PRONOUN como substituto do substantivo que já foi 
mencionado anteriormente, evitando assim repetições desnecessárias.
•  This is my bag. Where is your bag? Ou Where is yours?
•  I love my girlfriend. Tom loves his girlfriend. Ou Tom loves his.
26 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
Got it?
Now, it is your turn!
1. Escolha a alternativa correta.
a. I am doing (my / mine) homework.
b. (Our / Ours) magazine is here, where are (their / theirs)?
c. Jessica is reading (her / hers) English book, Billy is reading (his/ its).
d. (My / Mine) name is Catherine, what is (your / yours)?
e. The cat is in (it / its) house.
f. The students don`t like (their / theirs) new school.
g. Tim, (your / yours) mother is on the phone!
h. This purse is (her / hers).
i. The yellow bicycles are (our / ours).
j. Gigi is a friend of (my / mine).
k. (Their / Theirs) dog is white, like (our / ours).
l. This is not (our / ours) car. It`s (their / theirs).
2. Complete as sentenças com os POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ou com os 
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
a. Sylvia reads __________ composition, but we don`t read __________.
b. The girls are waiting for ___________ boyfriends.
c. John, are those some of __________ friends?
d. That boy is asking about ____________ pen.
e. She knows ______________ lesson well and I know __________.
f. I love __________ country. Do you love ___________?
g. The men are preparing ___________ cocktails.
h. Brian and I are going to meet ___________ friends.
2727UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
i. The British painter drinks ___________ tea at 5 o`clock.
j. Give me __________ address and I`ll give you ____________.
3. Substitua as palavras em negrito utilizando os POSSESSIVES adequados.
a. Gina`s books are on the table. Where are our books?
b. The boys’ shoes aren`t here.
c. This is Kelly`s skate. I can`t find your skate.
d. The firemen`s truck is near the corner.
e. Who is at school now? His friends and my friends.
4. Escreva.
Model: 
one of my friends - a friend of mine .
a. one of my habits - 
b. one of Sally`s dreams - 
c. one of our relatives - 
d. one of his ideas - 
e. one of their poems - 
f. one of your good pictures - 
5. Carmen é mexicanae está estudando Inglês nos Estados Unidos. Complete a 
carta que ela escreveu para seus amigos no México. Use os POSSESSIVES.
28 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
DICA DE LEITURA
Para	complementar	nossos	estudos,	sugiro	uma	gramática	muito	interes-
sante	e	muito	 fácil	de	utilizar:	Gramática Escolar da Língua Inglesa, 
da Editora Longman.	Com	muitas	dicas	e	exercícios	práticos,	este	livro	
vai	ajudá-lo(a)	a	crescer	ainda	mais!
Continue	 praticando	 o	 Inglês!	 Complemente	 esta	 unidade	 assistindo	
nossa	primeira teleaula	 e	 utilize	 a	 plataforma	de	 estudos	 para	 novas	
atividades	e	para	tirar	dúvidas	no	Fórum.
Keep	up	the	good	work	and	let´s	have	fun	with	English!
CONFIRA SUAS RESPOSTAS KEY
1.1.
1.
a. me
b. He
c. them
d. he/ her
e. it
2929UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
2.
a. They
b. He
c. We
d. They
e. You
3.
a. them
b. him
c. us
d. her
e. it
4.
a. I
b. I
c. we
d. It
e. I
f. We
g. us
h. it
i. we
30 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
1.2
1. 
a) He’s
b) She’s
c) They‘re
d) You’re
e) I’m not
f) We’re not/ we aren’t
g) It’s not/ It isn’t
h) She’s not/ She isn’t
2. 
a) is
b) am
c) is 
d) are 
e) is 
f) is 
g) am 
h) is 
i) is
j) are
k) is
l) are
3.
a) I am not hungry./ I am hungry.
b) It is warm today.
c) Rome isn’t in Spain.
3131UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
d) I am not afraid of dogs./ I am afraid of dogs.
e) Canada is a big country.
f) The Amazon isn’t in Africa.
g) Motor-racing is a dangerous sport.
h) Cats aren’t big animals.
4. 
a. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
b. Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.
c. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
d. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
e. Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
f. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
g. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
h. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
5.
a) Negativa: My eyes aren’t green.
Interrogativa: Are my eyes green?
b) Negativa: My hair isn’t long and straight.
Interrogativa: Is my hair long and straight?
c) Negativa: My favorite actor isn’t Brad Pitt.
Interrogativa: Is my favorite actor Brad Pitt?
d) Negativa: It isn’t freezing today.
Interrogativa: Is is freezing today?
e) Negativa: You aren’t a great professional.
Interrogativa: Are you a great professional?
f) Negativa: Jane’s favorite color isn’t blue.
32 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
Interrogativa: Is Jane’s favorite color blue?
6.
Hi, everyone!
Guess where I am ? What a beautiful sunset! It is Matahari beach, in Bali. I am 
here for a week. It is hot and sunny. The food is great – lots of fish and seafood. But 
the waves are the best of all! They are up to 3 meters tall. And you, guys? Are you ok? 
I hope so. My family is here with me and they send you best regards. See you soon! 
 Love, Bill.
1.3.
1.
a) a
b) an
c) a
d) a
e) an
f) an
g) an
h) a
i) an
j) a
k) an
l) a
3333UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
2.
3. 
a) the
b) a/ the
c) the
d) The
e) the
f) the/ the
g) a
h) an/ an
4. 
_X_Brazilis__A_ huge country. In__THE__ north, there are __X__ rain forests 
and __THE__ longest river is also situated there. In __THE__ south, __THE__ climate 
is more European. __X__ Brazil also has many social differences. __THE__ rich owns 
most of ___THE___ country’s wealth and___THE__ poor often live on __X__ minimum 
wage. 
34 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
5. 
a) THE Japanese flag is red and white.
b) There is AN apple here. 
c) My best friend is A dentist. 
d) It is A difficult question.
e) My brother is THE director. 
f) I like to see THE squirrels in the park. 
g) THE bank is closed on Sundays. 
h) Look at THE moon! It’s beautiful!
1.4.
1. 
a) Are there lots of students in your school?
b) How many girls are there in your classroom?
c) In my street, there is a huge square.
d) There are ten tigers at the zoo.
e) There isn’t a football field near your house.
f) There are many dogs on the streets.
g) Is there something to eat at home?
h) There is only one apple left.
2. 
a) There is a sport center.
b) There isn’t a university.
c) There isn’t a swimming pool.
d) There is a public hospital.
e) There aren’t hotels.
f) There are two cinemas.
3535UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
g) There is a cathedral.
h) There are many restaurants.
3. 
a) There aren’t
b) There is
c) Is there
d) There are.
e) Are there.
f) There aren’t
g) Is there
h) Are there
4. 
a) There are seven days in a week.
b) There are 365 days in a year.
c) There are 50 states in the United State.
d) There are eight planets in the Solar System.
e) There are 30 days in September.
f) There are 11 players in a football team.
g) There are 26 letters in the English Alphabet.
5. 
a) It’s
b) It’s
c) There/ it
d) There/ it
e) There/ there
36 UNIDADE I – TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA
3737UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 37
2U N I D A D E 2 
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
OBJETIVOS DA UNIDADE
•	Introduzir	 	 	os	 	 	 tempos	 	 	verbais	 	 	Simple	 	 	Present	Tense	 	e	 	Present				
Continuous	Tense;	 	
•	Apresentar	a	formação	de	estruturas	negativas	e	interrogativas	e	o	uso	
dos	verbos	auxiliares.	
•	Apresentar	as	Preposições	IN,	ON	e	AT,	bem	como	suas	diferentes	apli-
cações.	Explicar	e	diferenciar	Adjetivos	e	Advérbios	ou	Locuções	Adver-
biais,	
•	Favorecer	 a	 compreensão	 das	 diferentes	 aplicações	 em	 enunciados	
simples	da	Língua	Inglesa.
HABILIDADES E COMPETÊNCIAS
•	Domínio	das	estruturas	gramaticais	básicas	da	língua	inglesa	apropria-
da	aos	níveis	elementar	e	intermediário;	
•	Leitura,	interpretação	e	produção	de	pequenos	textos	e	enunciados	de	
natureza	simples.
2.1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Usamos o SIMPLE PRESENT para falar de ações que acontecem com frequência 
em nossas vidas, que falam de nossas rotinas, de nosso cotidiano. Muitas vezes, o 
SIMPLE PRESENT vem acompanhado de advérbios de frequência (always, usually, 
never, everyday etc.) justamente para enfatizar estas ações.
Example: I take a shower every day.
Também usamos o SIMPLE PRESENT para falar de fatos que são geralmente 
38 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE38
considerados verdade universalmente, de um modo geral.
Example: Elephants live in Africa.
 Ainda usamos o SIMPLE PRESENT falar de ações frequentes que já são 
planejadas antecipadamente, relacionadas com horários.
Example:The train to Glasgow leaves at 7:35 am.
 My sister takes the bus home at 6 pm every day.
 Observe como são estruturadas as formas afirmativas, interrogativas e 
negativas de sentenças no SIMPLE PRESENT.
Usa-se DO e DOES como verbos auxiliares na construção de estruturas 
interrogativas e negativas.
•  DO – Usado com os pronomes I, YOU, WE, THEY.
•  DOES – Usado com os pronomes HE, SHE, IT.
Pay attention to it:
Affirmative: They like popcorn.
3939UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 39
Interrogative: DO they like popcorn?
Negativa: They DON’T like popcorn.
 Na estrutura interrogativa o verbo auxiliar DO é posicionado 
imediatamente antes do sujeito – DO they like popcorn?
 Já na estrutura negativa, o verbo auxiliar DO é posicionado, juntamente 
com NOT, antes do verbo – They DON’T like popcorn.
Pay a lot more attention here:
Affirmative: She loves ice cream.
Interrogative: DOES she love ice cream?
Negative: She DOESN’T love ice cream.
 Observe que usamos DOES para sujeitos que representem as 3ªs pessoas 
do singular – HE, SHE, IT. Aqui temos mais alterações. Já na estrutura afirmativa, 
acrescentamos–S, - ES, - IES ao final dos verbos – She loves ice cream.
 Nas interrogativas, continuando utilizando o verbo auxiliar DOES antes 
do sujeito, porém, quando isso acontece, o verbo volta a sua forma infinitiva 
– DOES she love ice cream? Ou seja, retira-se – S.
 O mesmo acontece nas formas negativas, utilizamos o verbo auxiliar 
DOES justamente com NOT antes do verbo, e mais uma vez, o final –S do verbo 
cai – She DOESN’T love ice cream.
 So, don’t forget the short forms:
•  DO NOT = DON’T
•  DOES NOT = DOESN’T
40 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE40
SPELLING OF ENDINGS FOR THE THIRD PERSONS SINGULAR – HE, SHE 
AND IT
 Como já sabemos, quando trabalhamos com estruturas afirmativas no SIMPLE 
PRESENTE e nosso sujeito for uma das 3ªs pessoas do singular (He, She, or It), devemos 
acrescentar –S, ES, ou –IES ao final dos verbos. Então, é importante conhecermos a 
SPELLING OF ENDINGS RULE. Pay attention to it:
•  Para verbos terminados em - CH, - SH, -S, -O, e - Z: acrescentamos–ES:
Examples: 
•  Teach – teaches;
•  Pass – passes;
•  Brush – brushes;
•  Fix – fixes;
•  Go – goes.
Bob goes to the gym every morning.
•  Para verbos termidados em consonant + y: trocamos o Y for –IES:
Examples: 
•  Study– studies;
•  Cry– cries;
•  Fly – flies.
Christine studies English at the University.
•  Para todos os outros verbos, como um regra geral: acrescentamos –S:
Examples:
•  Work – works;
•  Play – plays;
•  Live – lives;
•  Move – moves.
George usually plays basketball on weekends.
4141UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 41
Let’s try?
1. Complete as sentenças usando o Simple Present com os verbos entre 
parênteses.
a. Dogs__________________________________. (bark)
b. I usually _______________________________ (drive) to school.
c. He __________________________________ (work) near his house.
d. They often _______________________________ (take) the but to work.
e. You usually _______________________________ (arrive) late.
2. Complete o texto com informações sobre Lisa e Anna utilizando o 
Simple Present.
Lisa and Anna __live__ (live) in London and they usually ________________ 
(go) to Cambridge by car. When they _________________(get) there they 
generally _________________ (phone) their grandma and _______________ 
(spend) the afternoon with her. Grandma _______________ (love) them and 
________________ (feel) happy with their visit.
3. Escolha a opção correta.
a. He often (wait/ waits) for me.
b. The boys (swim/ swims) everyday.
c. We (buy/ buys) apples at the supermarket.
d. You always (take/ takes) the wrong bus.
e. She generally (eat/ eats) bread and butter in the morning.
f. I (wash/ washes) my hair everyday.
42 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE42
4. Complete as sentenças utilizando os verbos BOIL, CLOSE, COST, GO, 
HAVE, LIKE MEET, OPEN, SMOKE, SPEAK, TEACH, WASH, VISIT, EAT, DRINK. 
Atenção às Spelling rules!
a. Little Lucy ____eats___ fruit every morning.
b. They usually _____________________ much beer.
c. She _______________________ her parents every weekend.
d. She is very clever. She ______________________ four languages.
e. Steve _______________________ ten cigarettes a day.
f. We usually _____________________ dinner at 8 o’clock.
g. I _________________ films. I often ___________________ to the movies.
h. Water _________________________ at 100 degrees Celsius.
i. In Britain the banks ________________________ at 9.30 in the morning.
j. The City Museum ________________________ at 5 o’clock every evening.
k. Food is expensive. It _______________________ a lot of money.
l. Tina is a teacher. She ______________________ Math for young children.
m. Your job is very interesting. You ____________________ a lot of people.
n. John ________________________ his hair twice a week.
5. Reescreva as sentenças utilizando as 3ªs pessoas do singular (He, She, 
It).
Model:
They usually go to the gym in the morning. He usually goes to the gym 
in the morning.
a. I hurry to the gym every week. ____________________________________
b. You often go to library on weekends._______________________________
c. They brush their teeth in the morning.______________________________
d. We usually have lunch at 12 noon._________________________________
e. The girls go to school by bus._____________________________________
4343UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 43
2.2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
He is brushing his teeth. The kid is playing with her toys.
 Usamos o PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE para falar de ações que 
acontecem no mesmo momento em que estamos falando. Agora, por exemplo, 
estamos estudando inglês, então:
 We are studying English now.
 A estrutura do PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE é formada:
WE ARE STUDYING ENGLISH NOW.
As estruturas no PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE vêm sempre acompanhadas de 
advérbios ou locuções adverbiais de tempo como NOW (agora), AT TH MOMENT (no 
momento), RIGHT NOW (agora) etc.
Observe:
44 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE44
SPELLING OF ENDINGS
 Em alguns verbos, basta acrescentarmos o –ING que já temos parte da 
estrutura do Present Continuous feita. Porém, há verbos que requerem uma 
atenção especial na hora de se acrescentar o –ING:
•  Verbos terminados em –E:
Come> Coming
Smoke> Smoking
Write> Writing
•  Verbos monossilábicos terminados em Consoante + Vogal + Consoante:
Run > Running
Sit > Sitting
Swim > Swimming
•  Alguns casos especiais:
Lie> Lying
Die> Dying
4545UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 45
Now, it is time to check out!
1. Escreva estruturas no Present Continuous.
Model: 
(I/ wash/ my hair) I am washing my hair.
a. (it/ rain) _____________________________________________________
b. (I/ rest/ on the sofa) ___________________________________________
c. (He/ drink/ milk) ______________________________________________
d. (She/ learn/ Spanish) __________________________________________
e. (We/ have/ lunch) ____________________________________________
f. (The sun/ shine) _____________________________________________
g. (Paul/ eat/ popcorn) __________________________________________
h. (Christine/ read/ a magazine) ___________________________________
46 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE46
2. Faça as negativas e interrogativas das sentenças abaixo.
Model:
The girls are sleeping. The girls are not sleeping. Are the girls sleeping?
a. It is snowing.
b. The man is riding his bicycle.
c. Those children are playing soccer.
d. We are doing exercises.
3. Escreva respostas curtas. Positivas ou Negativas.
Model:
Are you watching TV? Yes, I am. ou No, I am not.
Is Mike studying French? Yes, he is. ou No, he isn’t.
a. Is Susan wearing a blue coat? 
b. Is Brain travelling abroad? 
c. Is that clock working? 
d. Are you and your brother running? 
e. Are the kids laughing? 
f. Are you talking on the phone? 
4747UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 47
4. Complete as sentenças com o verbos em parenteses. Use o Present 
Continuous.
Model:
My brother and I are doing (do) homework.
a. My friends (travel) to Europe.
b. The dog (sleep) on the rug.
c. The boys (watch) cartoons.
d. The teacher (correct) exercises.
e. Paul (work) on his project.
f. Catherine (paint) her bedroom.
2.3. PREPOSITIONS I
PREPOSITIONS– IN/ ON/ AT
IN é usado em:
•  In a room – The baby is in its bedroom.
•  In a city – Marcus is in London.
•  In a country – I live in Brazil.
•  In the water/ In the sea/ In the river – The boat is in the sea.
•  In a row/ in a line/ in a queue – My boyfriend is in a line.
Também usamosin com as seguintes palavras: bed, hospital, prison, the street.
•  In bed - Bill is in bed.
•  In prison - James is in prison.
Usamos ainda IN com anos, meses (sem datas), estação do ano, períodos:
•  Brazil was discovered in 1500.
•  We go to the mountains in winter.
•  My birthday is in January. (…on January 24th) 
•  I go to school in the morning. (…at night)
48 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE48
ON é usado em:
•  On the wall – The painting is on the wall.
•  On the floor – The rug is on the floor.
•  On the table – The food is already on the table.
Usa-se ON com as palavras: a farm, the left, the right, the coast, an island, a 
road, the way, a street.
•  My parents are living on a farm.
•  The toilet is on the left.
•  My beach house is on the coast.
•  The hospital is on Apple Street.
Usa-se ON com dias da semana ou meses do ano/ data:
•  My English class is on Saturdays.
•  My birthday is on January 24th.
•  We change presents on Christmas.
AT é usado em:
•  At the top/ botton of a page: The number must go on the top of the 
page.
•  At the end of the line: My sister is that girl at the end of that line.
Podemos também usar AT:
•  Para dizer que alguém está em um acontecimento: Julie is at the party.
•  Com as palavras – home, work, university, the station, the airport: She is 
at work.
•  Quando nos referimos ao lugar em que um acontecimento ocorre: The 
exhibition is at the National Museum.
•  Com horas: The meeting is at 8 o’clock.
4949UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 49
Your turn!
1. Complete com in, at, ou on.
a. Don’t spill grape juice the sofa!
b. Simon lives the countryside.
c. The hospital is the left.
d. Adrian is the university.
e. My classes start 7:30 am.
f. Brian and his brother live the second floor.
g. My bus arrives the station 11 o’clock.
h. Dad is resting his armchair.
i. My sister likes to swim the sea.
j. The cat is top of the stairs.
2. Escreva at/ on/ in:
a. the end of the year.
b. night.
c. Christmas Eve.
d. 2011.
e. 12 noon.
f. Spring.
g. a quarter to eight.
h. Friday morning.
i. the morning.
j. August 1st.
k. January.
50 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE50
2.4. ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND ADVERBIAL 
PHRASES.
ADJECTIVES
O que são adjetivos? São palavras que qualificam os substantivos, indicando-
lhes um estado ou um modo se ser. Vamos observar os usos específicos dos adjetivos 
em Inglês.
•  Os adjetivos são usados para descrever objetos, coisas ou pessoas.
A pretty woman An expensive car
•  Nunca são usados no plural.
apoor child poor children The girl is fat. The girls are fat.
•  São usados antes de substantivos ou depois dos seguintes verbos ligação: be, 
become, get, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, look, feel, make.
The blue car is parked on the street. The tall boy is standing over 
there.
They look sad. It smells good. It’s getting late. I fell well.
•  Existem pares de adjetivos quer terminam em -ed e -ing. Observe a 
diferença.
•  - A terminação –ing tem sentido ativo indicando atributo de uma coisa ou 
pessoa: An interesting class. (uma aula interessante)
•  - A terminação –ed tem sentido passivo, e se refere ao sentimento de 
alguém em relação a alguma coisa ou pessoa: An interested student. (um 
5151UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 51
aluno interessado)
•  - Outros adjetivos terminados em –ing e –ed:
 Fascinating – Fascinated Shocking - Shocked
 Amazing – Amazed Depressing – Depressed
 Horrifying – Horrified Amusing – Amused
 Worrying – Worried Embarrassing - 
Embarrassed
Shall we do some exercises?
1. Complete as sentenças com os adjetivos indicados.
a. The question is ________________ . I don’t know how to answer it!
b. The baby girl is too _________________ . She needs to eat more.
c. Sally’s mother is ______________ with her. She is _____________ in bed.
d. I want to read an _______________ book. Do you have any?
e. They need a new car. Theirs is very ________________.
f. I am very _______________ ! I work too hard!
g. The ________________ problem in our city is pollution.
h. Janet is an ________________ student. 
2. Coloque as sentenças na forma plural.
Model: My sister is beautiful. (singular)
My sisters are beautiful. (plural)
a. The flat is big and expensive.
52 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE52
b. The book is interesting.
c. My son is intelligent.
d. The computer is cheap.
e. The car is expensive.
3. Sublinhe a alternativa correta.
Model: I am really surprised/ surprising with the new student.
a. The film is really excited/ exciting.
b. The professor is disappointed/ disappointing with the students.
c. I want to go to London. It seems to be an interested/ interesting trip.
d. Simon is really tired/ tiring today.
e. The story Mr. Jones is telling us is really amused/ amusing.
5353UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 53
4. Complete o texto utilizando os adjetivos propostos. O texto é sobre 
uma atriz, Sandra, e ela conta um pouco sobre sua vida agitada. Nem todos os 
adjetivos serão utilizados.
ADVERBS and ADVERBIAL PHRASES
 Advérbios são palavras utilizadas para modificar uma outra palavra, 
que pode ser um verbo, um adjetivo, um outro advérbio ou até uma sentença 
inteira.
54 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE54
It’s too cold today! He drives very quickly. They do their homework 
easily.
Eles são classificados de acordo com manner (maneira), place (lugar), 
time (tempo), frequency (frequência) e intensity (intensidade). Vamos ver com 
utilizá-los.Shallwe?
•  Adverbs of Manner
Os advérbios de modo nos dizem de que maneira as coisas acontecem 
ou de que maneira alguém faz alguma coisa. Normalmente utilizamos estes 
advérbios depois do objeto ou depois de um verbo. Exemplos: badly, carefully, 
perfectly, heavily, slowly, quietly etc.
Muito importante: reparem que a maioria dos adverbs of manner 
termina em –ly, porém, nem todos as palavras terminadas em –ly são advérbios. 
Algumas palavras terminadas em –ly, como lonely, daily, silly, lovely, friendly, 
são adjetivos, e não advérbios.
•  Adverbs of Place (or Adverbial Phrases of Place)
Os advérbios de lugar,ou locuções adverbiais de lugar, nos dizem onde, 
em que lugar as coisas acontecem.Geralmente, vem no final da frase. Exemplos: 
here, there, at home, in the office, at school, over there, near, far etc.
5555UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 55
•  Adverbs of Time
Os advérbios de tempo nos dizem quando as coisas acontecem.E são 
também, geralmente, posicionados no final da sentence. Exemplos: now, 
today, yesterday, tomorrow, last month, on Sundays, at 9 o’clock, at night, in 
the evening etc.
•  Adverbs of Frequency
Os advérbios de frequência nos dizem com que frequência as coisas acontecem: 
sempre, nunca, às vezes, normalmente, geralmente etc. Eles são posicionados, 
normalmente, antes dos verbos principais, e depois do verbo to Be. Observe:
São eles: always, sometimes, usually, often, rarely, never, generaly, 
every day, once a week (month, year). 
Normalmente, os advérbios “everyday” e “once a week” são posicionados 
no final da sentença.
Examples:
Lisa goes to school every day.
The Stwarts travel to England once a year.
56 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE56
•  Adverbs of Intensity
São eles: almost, nearly, really, very, quite, too, rather, quite, such, 
enough.
Nós, normalmente, usamos estes advérbios antes de adjetivos, antes de 
verbos, ou até mesmo antesde outro advérbio. E eles nos falam da intensidade 
das coisas ou das ações. Examples:
Now, let´s work out on some 
 exercises!
1. Complete as sentenças com os advérbios SLOWLY, HERE, NOW, LOUDLY, 
TODAY, VERY.
a. Gina isn’t at school ___________ . She is sick in bed.
b. What do you think Bill is doing __________? I don’t know, maybe he is 
studying.
c. Can you speak more __________ ? I don’t understand what you are 
saying.
d. Joan doesn’t live __________ anymore. I think he has moved to another 
city.
e. I am __________ happy today! I am on vacations!
f. The music is playing so ___________ ! Put the volume down, please!
5757UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 57
2. Sublinhe a alternativa correta.
Model:I so/ usually play volleyball on weekends.
a. We are so/ certainly tired today that we want to stay home.
b. They love each other never/ very much.
c. It’s quite/ always late! Let’s go home.
d. Linus really/ probably won’t go to the party. He is sick.
e. Britney is such/ nearly a nice girl.
f. The Smiths too/ rarely go out on weekends. They like to stay at home.
3. Posicione os advérbios corretamente. 
Model:Julie plays golf on Sunday morning. (here)
 Julies plays golf here on Sunday morning.
a. Bob studies at home. (in the evening)
b. Does she have a shower after work? (normally)
c. Mr. Morrison walks home after work. (always)
d. I finish work at 6 pm. (on week days)
e. I am home at night. (always)
f. Cindy goes out. (every weekend)
g. Lucy is studying hard for the final exam. (very)
58 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE58
4. Corrija os erros nestas sentenças.
Model: Bianca knows the answer definitely. - Bianca definitely knows 
the answer.
a. Quickly the girl runs to school.
b. To work I go in the morning by bus.
c. They play in the afternoon tennis.
d. Lisander was yesterday here.
e. Always we go to the gyn.
Para complementar esta unidade, assista à segunda teleaula, anote suas 
dúvidas e compartilhe-as no Fórum. Lembre-se de verificar as atividades e os 
prazos no ambiente virtual, nossa plataforma de estudos!
CONFIRA SUAS RESPOSTAS: 
 Key
2.1.
1. 
a. Bark
b. Drive
c. Works
d. Take
5959UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 59
e. Arrive
2.
Go – get – phone –spend – loves – feels
3.
a. Waits
b. Swim
c. Buy
d. Take
e. Eats
f. Wash
4.
a. Eats
b. Drink
c. Visits
d. Speaks
e. Smokes
f. Have
g. Like – go
h. Boils
i. Open
j. Closes
k. Costs
l. Teaches
m. Meet
n. Washes
60 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE60
2.2.
1.
a. It is raining.
b. I am resting on the sofa.
c. He is drinking milk.
d. She is learning Spanish.
e. We are having lunch.
f. The sun is shining.
g. Paul is eating popcorn.
h. Christine is reading a magazine.
2.
a. It is not snowing./ Is it snowing?
b. The man is not riding his bicycle./ Is the man riding his bicycle?
c. Those children are not playing soccer./ Are those children playing 
soccer?
d. We are not doing exercises./ Are we doing exercises?
3.
a. Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.
b. Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.
c. Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.
d. Yes, we are./ No, we aren’t.
e. Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.
f. Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
4.
a. My friends are travelling to Europe.
b. The dog is sleeping on the rug.
6161UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 61
c. The boys are watching cartoons.
d. The teacher is correcting exercises.
e. Paul is working on his project.
f. Catherine is painting her bedroom.
2.3.
1.
a. On
b. In
c. On
d. At
e. At
f. On
g. At - at
h. on
i. in
j. at
2.
a. at
b. at
c. on
d. in
e. at
f. in
g. at
h. on
i. in
62 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE62
j. on
k. in
2.4.
1.
a. difficult
b. thin
c. worried –sick
d. interesting
e. old
f. tired
g. principal
h. excellent
2.
a. The flats are big and expensive.
b. The books are interesting.
c. My sons are intelligent.
d. The computers are cheap.
e. The cars are expensive.
3.
a. Exciting
b. Disappointed
c. Interesting
d. Tired
e. Amusing
6363UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 63
4.
Exciting – tiring – different – bored – interesting – surprised – excellent/ good – 
blond – straight – green – tall – thin
ADVERBS and ADVERBIAL PRHASES
1.
a. Today
b. Now
c. Slowly
d. Here
e. Very
f. Loudly
2.
a. So
b. Very
c. Quite
d. Probably
e. Such
f. Rarely
3.
a. Bob studies at home in the evening.
b. Does she normally have a shower after work?
c. Mr. Morrison always walks home after work.
d. I finish work at 6 pm on week days.
e. I am always at home at night.
f. Cindy goes out every weekend.
64 UNIDADE 2 - THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE64
g. Lucy is studying very hard for the final exam.
4.
a. The girl runs to school quickly.
b. I go to work by bus in the morning.
c. They play tennis in the afternoon.
d. Lisander was here yesterday.
e. We always go to the gyn.
6565UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
3U N I D A D E 3 
WH – QUESTIONS OR 
QUESTIONS WORDS
OBJETIVOS DA UNIDADE
•	Apresentar	as	Wh-questions	ou	Questions	Words	e	as	diversas	possibi-
lidades	de	uso	em	estruturas	interrogativas;
•	Introduzir	os	tempos	verbais	Future,	e	Simple	Past	com	o	verbo	To	Be	e	
com	a	estrutura	There	To	Be;
•	Favorecer	a	compreensão	de	pequenos	textos	e	enunciados	de	nature-
za	mais	complexa.
HABILIDADES E COMPETÊNCIAS
•	Domínio	 das	 estruturas	 gramaticais	 de	 nível	 intermediário	 da	 Língua	
Inglesa.	
•	Compreensão,	produção	e	identificação	de	estruturas	mais	complexas	
da	Língua	Inglesa.
3.1. WH – QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
Wh- questions ou questions words são palavras interrogativas usadas para 
fazer perguntas para se obter informações específicas. São, geralmente, posicionadas 
antes de verbos auxiliares ou verbos modais. São elas: WHAT (Qual?, O quê?), WHEN 
(Quando?), WHERE (Onde?), WHY (Por que?), WHO (Quem?), WHOSE (De quem?), 
WHICH (Qual?), HOW (Como?). 
 Mas como usá-las? Quais as informações específicas que eu quero descobrir ao 
usar as WH-QUESTIONS? 
Let’s study one by one to find out how to use them!
•  WHAT…? – usado para perguntar sobre as coisas.
Exemplos: What time is it? It’s 10 o’clock.
66 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
What is your favorite color? Blue.
•  WHEN…? – usado para perguntar sobre o tempo, quando em que as coisas 
acontecem.
Exemplos: When are you going to travel to the United States? In April.
When are your English classes? On Saturdays.
•  WHERE…? – usado para perguntar sobre lugares, onde os fatos ocorrem.
Exemplos: Where do you live? I live in Boston.
Where are you from? I am from Brazil.
•  WHY…? – usado para perguntar a razão das coisas acontecerem. Por que 
acontecem.
Exemplos: Why are you so happy today? Because I passed on the exam!
Why are you late? Because I overslept this morning.
Perceba que quando fazemos perguntas com WHY (por que?) a resposta 
sempre inicia-se com BECAUSE (porque). Então, na pergunta usa-se WHY e na resposta 
BECAUSE.
•  WHO...? – usado para perguntar sobre pessoas. 
Exemplos: Who is that woman? She is my sister.
Who is your favorite designer? Calvin Klein is.
•  WHOSE…? – usado para falar de posse, a quem pertence determinado objeto.
Exemplos: Whose book is this? This is my book.
Whose birthday is today? It’s Tommy’s birthday today.
•  WHICH…? – usa-se which para perguntar sobre coisas ou pessoas quando se 
tem opções para se escolher. 
Compare: What is your favorite color? My favorite color is blue.Which color do you prefer, blue or pink? I preferpink.
6767UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
Repare que quando usamos which, são oferecidas opções para se escolher.
Exemplos: Which actress do you like most, Cameron Diaz or Demi More? I 
love Cameron Diaz!
Which food do you prefer – Chinese or Italian? Italian is my favorite.
•  HOW…? – usa-se how para perguntar de que maneira as coisas/ fatos 
ocorrem.
Exemplos: How are you? I am fine, thanks.
How is your new job going? Everything is fine, so far!
Atenção: HOW é um WH-QUESTION que sobre variações, de acordo com o 
que se adiciona a ele. São elas:
•  How old are you? I’m 40 years old. (Quantos anos você tem?)
•  How far is your house from here? Just five minutes walking. (Quão 
longe sua casa é daqui?)
•  How much is that purse? It’s just U$ 40! (Quanto custa aquela bolsa?)
•  How much money do you have on you? Only U$ 10! (Quanto dinheiro 
você tem com você?)
•  How many brothers do you have? I have 3 brothers. (Quantos irmãos 
você tem?)
•  How often do you go to work by car? I always go to work by car. 
(Com que frequência você vai ao trabalho de carro?)
•  How long have you been here? I have been here for two hours. (Há 
quanto tempo você está aqui?)
IT’S TIME TO DO SOME EXERCISES! LET’S WORK ON 
 THEM!
1. Ligue as perguntas às respostas correspondentes.
68 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
a. Who is that man? ( ) She is at school.
b. Whose motorcycle is that? ( ) He is reading the news now.
c. Why is Jonathan sad? ( ) I go to the club.
d. How do you go to work? ( ) That man is my father.
e. Which coat do you prefer? ( ) I work in a bank.
f. What is he doing now? ( ) I go to work by car.
g. Where do you work? ( ) That motorcycle is mine.
h. Where do you go on Sundays? ( ) I prefer the black one.
i. Where is Christine? ( ) Because he is unemployed.
2. Complete as sentenças com o Wh-question mais adequado.
a. ____________ is she tired? Because she is working a lot!
b. ____________ are they leaving? Tomorrow morning.
c. ____________ dress is this? This is Linda’s dress.
d. ____________ isn’t John here today? Because he has to work.
e. ____________ is your name? My name is Simon.
f. ____________ is this CD? It’s just 5 dollars.
g. ____________ time do you leave to work? At seven o’clock.
h. ____________ color do you prefer, green or purple? I like purple.
i. ____________ is your birthday? It’s on June 27th.
j. ____________ is your sister? She is at work.
k. ____________ does he love? He loves Lisa.
l. ____________ do you spell your name? It’s J-O-A-N-N-E.
3.2. FUTURE TENSES
 Há diferentes formas de se expressar o futuro em Inglês. Podemos usar 
o WILL, a estrutura GOING TO, o PRESENT CONTINUOUS, ou até o FUTURE 
PERFECT para expressar ações futuras. Vamos nos ater, neste primeiro momento, 
6969UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
as estruturas futuras com WILL e GOING TO.
3.2.1. FUTURE WTH ‘WILL’
•  Usamos WILL para expressar o futuro. Observe a estrutura:
 
•  Todos os pronomes pessoais obedecem à mesma regra estrutural. 
Não há variações.
•  Usamos WILL para:
•  prever fatos e acontecimentos:
• The prices WILL increase 12% next month.
•  Indicar decisões tomadas no momento da fala:
• The bell is ringing. I WILL see who it is.
 
•  Oferecer ajuda ou fazer um pedido:
• Mom, WILL you lend me your car?
• I WILL help you.
• 
70 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
•  WILL – NEGATIVE FORMS
•  - Para formar sentenças negativas com WILL, basta acrescentar NOT 
imediatamente depois de WILL. Observe e compare:
• Affirmative: I WILL go home by bus today.
• Negative: I WILL NOT go home by bus today.(Full form)
• 
• Affirmative: Janette WILL cook tonight.
• Negative: Janette WON’T cook tonight. (Contracted form)
• Então: WILL NOT = WON’T
•  WILL – INTERROGATIVE FORMS
•  - Sentenças interrogativas são formadas invertendo-se o sujeito e 
WILL, da mesma forma que fazemos com o Verbo to Be, ou com 
qualquer outro verbo auxiliar. Note e compare:
• Affirmative: They WILL arrive tomorrow.
• Interrogative: WILL they arrive tomorrow?
• 
• Affirmative: We WILL eat now.
• Interrogative: WILL we eat now?
3.2.2. FUTURE WITH ‘GOING TO’
•  Também usamos GOING TO para expressar o futuro. Observe a estrutura:
7171UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
•  GOING TO é usado para expressar planos ou intenções determinados antes 
do momento em que se fala, ou seja, quando os planos ou intenções são 
planejados com uma certa antecedência.
Examples:
I am GOING TO travel to London next month.
Suellen is GOING TO be at home tomorrow morning.
•  GOING TO – NEGATIVE FORMS
•  - Para formar sentenças negativas com GOING TO basta utilizar a 
forma negativa do verbo to Be. Observe e compare:
• 
• Affirmative: Lionel IS GOING TO start a new job next week.
• Negative: Lionel IS NOT GOING TO start a new job next week. (full 
form)
• Negative: Lionel ISN’T GOING TO start a new job next week. (contracted 
form)
• 
• Affirmative: The girls ARE GOING TO dance on Saturday night.
• Negative: The girls ARE NOT GOING TO dance on Saturday night. (full 
form)
• Negative: The girls AREN’T GOING TO dance on Saturday night. 
(contracted form)
•  GOING TO – INTERROGATIVE FORMS
•  - As sentenças negatives com GOING TO são formadas invertendo-se 
o sujeito e o verbo tobe. Note e compare:
• 
• Affirmative: CharlotteIS GOING TO have a baby!
• Interrogative: IS Charlotte GOING TO have a baby?
• 
• Affirmative: You ARE GOING TO by a new car.
• Interrogative form: ARE you GOING TO by a new car?
SEE? HOW SIMPLE IT IS! NOW LET’S TRY TO DO SOME 
 EXERCISES!
1. Complete as sentenças com o future usando WILL. Use os verbos entre 
parênteses.
a. The population _______________ (increase) 50% in the next ten years.
72 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
b. The telephone is ringing. I ________________ (answer) it!
c. Dad, _________ you _________ (lend) me 10 bucks?
d. Don’t be so sad about the exam! I know you ________________ (pass) 
on it.
e. The twin sisters ______________________ (arrive) home tomorrow night.
f. The government __________________ (make) a final decision next week.
2. Escreva sentenças – afirmativas, negativas ou interrogativas – usando 
o future com WILL.
Model: Jane/ study/ for her English test with you?
Will Jane study for her English test with you?
a. Christofer/ see/ his brother/ tomorrow.
b. My father/ not pay/ the bill.
c. Paul/ be/ at the prom.
d. You/ help/ me/ tomorrow?
e. They/ not meet/ again.
3. Responda as questões usando as informações entre parênteses.
Model: When will you arrive? (next month)
I will arrive next month.
a. Who will win the next World Cup? (Brazil)
b. When will be your next vacation? (In May)
7373UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
c. What time will we finish this work? (at 7 pm)
d. How will your parents get to the party? (by car)
e. Who will be there to meet me? (Marcus)
f. Which coat will you use, the black or the brown one? (the black one)
4. Ligue as perguntas às respostas correspondentes.
a. I have a test tomorrow. ( ) I am going to buy another 
 one.
b. What do you want to eat? ( ) I am going to study hard.
c. I am so tired tonight! ( ) I am going to be late.
d. The meeting is at 5 pm, and I am here! ( ) I am going to eat a soup.
e. Oh! My watch is broken! ( ) I am going to sleep earlier.
5. Complete a conversa entre os dois amigos usando WILL, WON’T ou 
GOING TO.
Julius: Let’s go to the movies on the weekend!
Janis: Sorry, Julius! I can’t.I ________________________ (not be) here.
I ___________________________ (be) in Fortaleza.
Julius: What ______________ you _______________ (do) there?
Janis: I _______________________ (visit) my sister.
Julius: When ______________ you ______________ (come) back?
Janis: I _____________________________ (come) back next week only!
74 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
3.3. SIMPLE PAST – VERB TO BE
Como já sabemos, o verbo to Be é um dos verbos 
mais utilizados na Língua Inglesa, e é considerado 
um verbo especial. No SIMPLE PAST (Passado Simples) 
ele se apresenta de duas maneiras: WAS e WERE. 
Cada um dos Subjective Pronouns tem o sua forma 
de verbo to Be no passado correspondente. Observe:
Usa-se o Verbo to Be no SIMPLE PAST da mesma maneira que usamos no 
SIMPLE PRESENT:
•  Para identificar e descrever pessoas e objetos.
•  Nas expressões de tempo e lugar.
•  Nas expressões de idade.
Para formar sentenças NEGATIVAS ou INTERROGATIVAS com o verbo to Be 
no SIMPLE PAST, basta movimentar o verbo, da mesma forma que fazemos quando 
o usamos no SIMPLE PRESENT, ou seja, não é necessário nenhum verbo auxiliar. 
O próprio verbo to Be vai transformar orações AFIRMATIVAS em NEGATIVAS ou 
INTERROGATIVAS.
7575UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
Observe como construímos NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
•  Affirmative sentence: My sister WAS a good teacher.
•  Negative sentence: My sister WAS NOT a good teacher.
•  Negative contracted sentence: My sister WASN’T a good teacher.
Para formar uma sentença negativa, basta acrescentar a palavra NOT 
imediatamente após o verbo to Be. Ou se preferir, utilizar a forma contraída 
WASN’T. 
Então: WAS NOT = WASN’T
 WERE NOT = WEREN’T
Agora, INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
•  - Affirmative sentence: The boys WERE at home.
•  - Interrogative sentence: WERE the boys at home?
Observe que para construirmos sentenças interrogativas temos que 
inverter o SUJEITO e o VERBO: The boys were.../ Were the boys...?
Let’s have a look at another table:
SOME TIPS FOR YOU!
É muito comum utilizarmos respostas curtas em Inglês, sejam elas 
76 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
afirmativas ou negativas. Observe como se comporta o verbo to Be no SIMPLE 
PAST:
‘Were you at home last night?’ ‘Yes, I was’. Ou ‘No, I wasn’t’.
‘Was Taylor with his mother yesterday?’ ‘Yes, he was.’ Ou ‘No, he wasn’t’.
‘Were the kids at the park last Saturday?’ ‘Yes, they were.’ Ou ‘No, they 
weren’t.’
Advérbios de tempo (Adverbs of Time) e Locuções Adverbiais (Adverbial 
Phrases) como YESTERDAY, YESTERDAY MORNING, YESTERDAY EVENING, 
LAST WEEK, LAST YEAR, LAST MONTH, ten minutes AGO, three days AGO, 
entre outras, estão sempre presentes em orações no Simple Past.
‘Where you at your mother’s house YESTERDAY?’ ‘Yes, I was.’
‘They were in the garden 20 minutes AGO!
’
GOT IT? SO, LET’S PRACTICE!
1. Complete as sentenças com o verbo to Be no SIMPLE PAST – WAS/ 
WERE.
a. Last year, Julia ______ 22 years old. Today she is 23.
b. When I ______ a child, I ______ afraid of dogs.
c. We ______ tired after the trip, and we ______ also very hungry.
d. The hotel ______ very comfortable.
e. Where ______ you at 6 o’clock yesterday afternoon?
f. ______ the weather good when you ______ on vacations?
g. Those pants are beautiful! ______ they expensive?
h. ______ Janet late for the meeting?
7777UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
2. Agora, complete com WAS/ WASN’T ou WERE/ WEREN’T.
a. The Browns didn’t like their accommodations. It ________ very small 
and it ________ clean.
b. James got married when he ________ only 22 years old.
c. Bill called you yesterday morning, but you ________ at home. Where 
________ you?
d. My boss ________ at work last week because he ________ sick in bed.
e. The mall ________ open yesterday because it _______ a public holiday.
f. Linda worked a lot last night, but she ________ tired.
g. This time last year, I ________ in Brazil. I ________ in Paris, enjoying my 
vacations. 
3. Responda as perguntas utilizando as informações dadas.
Model: Where were you yesterday evening? (at the movies)
I was at the movies.
a. Who was that woman with you last afternoon? (my mother)
b. When was your last trip to England? (in 2009)
c. Was Carmen at home last morning? (negative/ at work)
d. Was Robert sick last week? (affirmative/ at the hospital)
e. Where was Adrian yesterday? (at the gyn)
4. Circule a alternativa correta.
a. Selena and I (was/ were) at school yesterday morning.
78 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
b. Your backpack (was/ were) here a minute ago.
c. (Was/ Were) you on vacations?
d. (Was/ Were) it hot last month in Miami?
e. My husband and I (wasn’t/ weren’t) in Brazil last year.
f. (Was/ Were) the children hungry after school?
5. Julian and Paul estão de férias no Brasil. Eles estão na Bahia. Complete 
o e-mail que eles escreveram, utilizando o verbo to Be no SIMPLE PRESET (AM 
– IS – ARE) ou no SIMPLE PAST (WAS – WERE).
3.4. SIMPLE PAST - THERE TO BE 
(haver, existir – no passado)
 O THERE TO BE no SIMPLE PAST é utilizado para falar de coisas que 
existiram, de eventos ou acontecimentos, ou mesmo de quantidade, no 
passado. Observe: 
•  In 2000, there was a park near my house. 
Algo que existia.
•  There were beautiful flowers at that park. 
•  There was a special section at the movies yesterday. 
7979UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
Acontecimentos
•  There were parties all over the place. Passados.
•  There was cake on the table 5 minutes ago. Quantidades.
•  There were three new students in my English class.
E como estruturar sentenças negativas e 
interrogativas?
Ora, basta “movimentar” o verbo to Be!
Vamos ver como acontece com estruturas 
negativas.
•  Affirmative sentence: There was a dog in the garden.
•  Negative sentence: There was not a dog in the garden.
•  Contracted Negative: There wasn’t a dog in the garden.
So, the contracted NEGATIVE forms are: WAS – WASN’T
 WERE – WEREN’T
Agora, vamos observar as estruturas INTERROGATIVAS.
•  Affirmative sentence: There were many apples in the basket.
•  Interrogative sentence: Were there many apples in the basket?
Look at the examples:
There WAS a child lost on the street.
There WASN’T any good movie on TV last night.
Excuse me,WAS there a blond woman here 5 minutes ago?
There WERE many children at the club last weekend.
WERE there new animals at the zoo last Saturday?
80 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
It is your turn 
 to do some exercises!
1. Circule a alternativa correta. Note que há sentenças no Simple Present 
e no Simple Past.
a. (Was there/ Were there) a yellow cab near here yesterday?
b. (Are there/ Is there) lots of children at your school?
c. (Was there/ Were there) many people at the theater last night?
d. (There was/ There were) four giraffes at the zoo.
e. (Is there/ Are there) anything to eat in your bag?
f. How many girls (is there/ are there) in your English class?
g. (Wasn’t there/ Weren’t there) many guests at your birthday party?
2. Complete as sentenças com a forma correta de THERE TO BE.
a. How many DVDs ________________ in your case?
b. ________________ a car crash in your street yesterday morning?
c. ________________ a person calling me on the phone. I’ll get it!
d. ________________ a woman waiting for you yesterday.
e. ________________ an old apple tree in front of my house. It’s beautiful!
f. ________________ four children here now, but _________________ six 
ten minutes ago.
g. How many pets _________________ in your house when you were a 
child?
h. ‘What __________________in your purse?’‘_________________ a wallet 
only!’
8181UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
3. Cathy e Martin, foram seus vizinhos de longa data. Agora, eles se 
mudaram e escreveram um e-mail contando as novidades da nova vizinhança. 
Preencha o e-mail com as variações de THERE TO BE.
Lembre-se que como parte desta unidade você deve assistir à terceira 
teleaula. Participe de nossos Fóruns e verifique a atividade proposta na 
plataforma de estudos.
82 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
CONFIRA SUAS RESPOSTAS 
 Key
3.1.
1. 
(i)
(f)
(h)
(a)
(g)
(d)
(b)
(e)
(c)
2. 
a. Why
b. When
c. Whose
d. Why
e. What
f. How much
g. What
h. Which
i. When
j. Where
8383UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
k. Who
l. How
3.2.
1.
a. Will increase
b. Will answer
c. Will – lend
d. Will pass
e. Will – arrive
f. Will make
2.
a. Christofer will see his brother tomorrow.
b. My father will not/ won’t pay the bill.
c. Paul will be at the prom.
d. Will you help me tomorrow?
e. They will not meet again.
3.
a. Brazil will win the next World Cup.
b. My next vacation will be in May.
c. We will finish this work at 7 pm.
d. They will get to the party by car.
e. Marcus will be there to meet you.
f. I will use the black one.
84 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
4.
 (e)
 (a)
 (d)
 (b)
 (c)
5.
Am not going to be – am going to be – will/ do – am going to visit - will 
you come – am going to come 
3.3.
1.
a. Was
b. Was – was
c. Were – were
d. Was
e. Were
f. Was – were
g. Were
h. Was
2.
a. Was- wasn’t
b. Was
c. Weren’t – were
d. Wasn’t – was
e. Wasn’t – was
f. Wasn’t
8585UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
g. Wasn’t – was
3.
a. That woman was my mother.
b. My last trip to England was in 2009.
c. No, she wasn’t.
d. Yes, he was at the hospital.
e. He was at the gyn.
4.
a. Were
b. Was
c. Were
d. Was
e. Weren’t
f. Were
5.
Are – were – is – was – were – are – is – is
3.4.
1.
a. Was there
b. Are there
c. Were there
d. Were there
e. Is there
f. Are there
g. Weren’t there
86 UNIDADE 3 - WH - QUESTIONS OR QUESTIONS WORDS
 2.
a. Are there
b. Was there
c. There is
d. There was
e. There is
f. There are/ there were
g. Were there
h. Is there/ there is
3.
1. there is
2. there is
3. there is
4. there are
5. there were
6. there were
7. there are
8. there are
8787UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
4U N I D A D E 4 
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
OBJETIVOS DA UNIDADE
•	Apresentar	 e	 diferenciar	 os	 tempos	 verbais	 Past	 Continuous,	 Simple	
Past	(Verbos	Regulares	e	Irregulares)	e	o	Present	Perfect	Tense,	suas	for-
mações	estruturais	e	suas	diferentes	formas	de	uso.
HABILIDADES E COMPETÊNCIAS
•	Compreensão	e	identificação	dos	diferentes	tempos	verbais	da	Língua	
Inglesa,	e	fazer	uso	corretamente	das	estruturas	gramaticais	de	natureza	
mais	complexa.
4.1. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Usamos o PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE para falar de ações que estavam 
acontecendo, ou seja, que estavam em andamento em um determinado momento no 
passado.
88 UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 I was reading a wonderful book yesterday night.
 At 11 in the morning, I was baking a cake.
 Também usamos o PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE para narrar circunstâncias 
ou fatos de uma determinada situação no passado.
It was a terrible winter! It was snowing a lot and the children were 
skiing down the mountains.
It was dark and late at night. The strange people were walking on the 
street.
 A estrutura do PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE é formada da mesma maneira 
que fazemos com o Present Continuous Tense, só que utilizamos o verbo to Be 
em sua forma passada, ou seja, WAS e WERE:
 As estruturas no PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE podem vir acompanhadas de 
Adverbs (Advérbios) ou Adverbial Phrases (Locuções Adverbiais)no passado, como 
YESTERDAY (ontem), LAST NIGHT (noite passada), LAST SUMMER (verão passado), 20 
minutes AGO (20 minutos atrás) etc.
Observe:
8989UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
SPELLING OF ENDINGS
 O SPELLING OF ENDINGS – o modo que escrevemos os verbos quando 
acrescentamos –ING), segue as mesmas regras do Present Continuous: em 
alguns verbos, basta acrescentarmos a terminação - ING. Porém, há verbos que 
requerem uma atenção especial na hora de se acrescentar o –ING. Vamos revê-
los:
•  Verbos terminados em –E:
Come> Coming
Smoke> Smoking
Write> Writing
•  Verbos monossilábicos terminados em Consoante + Vogal + Consoante:
Run > Running
Sit > Sitting
Swim > Swimming
•  Alguns casos especiais:
Lie> Lying
Die> Dying
As estruturas negativas e interrogativas seguem as mesmas regras: basta 
movimentar o verbo to Be no SIMPLE PAST. Let’s have a look at them.
90 UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
NEGATIVE STRUCTURES
INTERROGATIVE STRUCTURES
Let’s have a look at some more examples.
 At 5 o’clock, Joseph was watching TV.
 It was raining a lot yesterday.
 In 2006, I was living in Vancouver.
 Today Bob is wearing a sweater, but yesterday he was wearing a 
9191UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
raincoat.
 The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
 Where were you working yesterday morning?
 What was Priscilla doing at the party?
 Bob wasn’t buying anything at the mall.
 The children weren’t having fun.
 Who was talking with you on the phone?
Ok? Let’s practice!
1. Veja as atividades realizadas por Sylvia ontem. Escreva sentenças dizendo 
o que ela estava fazendo, de acordo com sua agenda.
Model: At 7 o’clock, Sylvia was preparing breakfast.
a. At 8 o’clock, Sylvia was________________________________________ .
b. At 10 o’clock,Sylvia___________________________________________ .
c. At 11______________________________________________________ .
d. __________________________________________________________ .
2. Você foi a uma festa ontem. E agora está contanto a uma amiga o 
92 UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
que as pessoas estavam usando ou fazendo. Use as informações dadas para 
construir sentenças usando o PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.
Model: (Jonh – wear – a black leather jacket)
Jonh was wearing a black leather jacket.
a. (Lisa – smoke – a cigarette)
b. (Carl – dance – with Britney)
c. (Amy – sing – a song)
d. (George – drink – a cocktail)
e. (Elaine – carry – a beautiful velvet purse)
f. (Bruce – use – an umbrella)
Agora transforme todas as sentenças acima em NEGATIVES e 
INTERROGATIVES.
Model: John was wearing a black leather jacket.
 Negative: John wasn’t wearing a black leather jacket.
 Interrogative: Was John wearing a black leather jacket?
a. Negative: 
Interrogative: 
b. Negative: 
Interrogative: 
c. Negative: 
Interrogative: 
d. Negative: 
9393UNIDADE 4 - THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Interrogative: 
e. Negative: 
Interrogative: 
f. Negative: 
Interrogative: 
3. Complete as sentenças com o PAST CONTINUOUS usando os verbos 
entre parênteses.
a. The girls __________________ (swim) an hour ago.
b. What __________ Cinthia__________ (do) in the library?
c. __________ you __________ (fell) well yesterday?
d. At dinner time, Chris ____________________ (eat) in an Italian restaurant.
e. At 8 in the morning, Phillip ____________________ (fly) to Switzerland. 
f. Maria ____________________ (read) a bestseller.
g. It ____________________ (rain) a lot yesterday!