Resumeo certo

Prévia do material em texto

De modo geral, a tarefa do tradutor consiste em passar um texto de uma língua a outra. Dentre os tradutores, a língua do texto a ser traduzido ou vertido é denominada: Língua de partida
		The "way the wind blows" is ___.
	
	
	
	the way things are
Complete the sentence: "A competent translator... 
R: correlates between the two languages."
Explicação:
The text is originally written as the source language (SL /língua de origem) and the language into which the text will be translated is the target language (TL/ língua de destino).
Translating means converting writing from a SL to a TL. This is the same kind of work done by an interpreter, but unlike interpreters, who have to translate in real time, translators can spend more time considering the best words and expressions to express their meaning. This usually involves a very nuanced understanding of language's more complicated aspects, such as connotation. Computers and online translation tools constitute an invaluable aid for the translator´s job but they cannot understand connotation and other figures of speech.
		Mark the issue that translators DO NOT HAVE to face when choosing their way through translations:
	
	
	
	all the languages have fixed word order, so it is easy to translate;
 The grammatical structure: some languages have fixed word order (English, French, Portuguese) whereas others have free word order (Latin, Greek). The declinations in Latin and Greek will determine their grammar, whereas in English, for instance, the position the words have in the sentence will do so.
The Renaissance was known as "the great age of translations" and many ancient documents were translated into European languages as a way of enriching those peoples with the so-valued knowledge that the great thinkers could provide.
A competent translator must have a profound understanding of the etymological and idiomatic correlates between the two languages in order to avoid using equivalents that do not carry the meaning being implied by the author.
SOURCE TEXT : The material from which translators depart from - O material do qual os tradutores partem
The source text is the one to be translated from.
 
		A frase "Traduttori, traditori" é frequentemente ouvida em conversas sobre tradução. Seu significado reforça a noção de que
	
	
	
	toda tradução será sempre um imperfeição se comparada ao texto original.
A competent translator must be not only bilingual but bicultural as he needs to make use of intercultural references so as to be able to make choices in order to make his translation transparent.
		According to the text above, we can state that umanism inspired the translation of many ancient texts and the job of translating a text from a foreign language into one's vernacular was seen by many as (choose the right option):
	
	
	
	a contribution to national literature
		.
		The study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language, and which can be helpful in translation studies is also known as:
	
	
	
	psycholinguistics
	
	Newmark (1981) suggests a series of strategies to cater for cultural gaps in translation, EXCEPT:
	
	
R: cultural mismatch
		Algumas pessoas moram algum tempo no exterior e, ao retornarem à terra natal, acreditam que poderão obter sucesso na carreira de tradutor por conta do conhecimento que detém da língua estrangeira. Elas acreditam, ainda, que as eventuais dúvidas relacionadas ao idioma poderão ser facilmente resolvidas com a ajuda de um bom dicionário. Esta crença ratifica a ideia equivocada de que, para a tarefa tradutória,
	
	
	
	
	o conhecimento meramente linguístico será sempre suficiente.
Certamente, para que uma pessoa seja considerado um bom tradutor, ele precisa de experiência e conhecimento sobre os tópicos trabalhados no texto que será traduzido.
		Há quem acredite que o ato de traduzir é uma arte reservada a pessoas dotadas de uma capacidade especial. Essa crença, entretanto, pode ser refutada por pesquisas que mostram que:
	
	
	
	O tradutor bem-sucedido costuma ser experiente e qualificado.
O conhecimento prévio do público leitor pode facilitar bastante o trabalho de tradução. Saber para quem se escreve favorece a escolha de termos mais apropriados, permitindo, assim, que os interlocutores apreciem melhor a leitura. Por exemplo, um artigo científico exige mais objetividade, enquanto a conversão de um poema demanda sensibilidade e uma estilística mais sofisticada por parte tradutor. Do mesmo modo, um livro infantil não pode ser traduzido com a maturidade que uma obra de autoajuda impõe. Enfim, a valorização do destinatário é imprescindível para que o trabalho do tradutor obtenha o êxito que se deseja.
The text provides the origin of an important concepted typically exploited and which has experienced some kind of remodeling over the course of time: The unit of translation.
De modo geral, a tarefa do tradutor consiste em passar um texto de uma língua a outra. Dentre os tradutores, a língua do texto a ser traduzido ou vertido é denominada:
	
	
	Língua de partida
The "way the wind blows" is ___. R: the way things are
There are some abbreviations that you have to Know in translation. So, what do "SL" and "TL" mean? source language / target language;
What does " translation" mean? Mark the CORRECT option:
	
	
	Translation means converting writing from a SL to a TL.
 
		► One of the concepts devised by translators has to the with Source Text, which means:
	
	
	
	The material from which translators depart from
A frase "Traduttori, traditori" é frequentemente ouvida em conversas sobre tradução. Seu significado reforça a noção de que
	
	
	toda tradução será sempre um imperfeição se comparada ao texto original.
Explicação:
A competent translator must be not only bilingual but bicultural as he needs to make use of intercultural references so as to be able to make choices in order to make his translation transparent.
Explicação:
Resolução: De acordo com Jakobson, a tradução interlinguística (figura 1) refere-se ao uso de termos sinônimos/equivalentes de uma mesma língua (como no exemplo a paráfrase), enquanto que a tradução intersemiótica  (figura 2) refere-se à tradução que envolve dois sistemas de comunicação diferentes, ou seja, história em quadrinhos (comics) e o cinema.
		Analisando das duas asserções em relação às duas figuras, concluímos que:
	
	
	
	A primeira asserção é uma proposição falsa, e a segunda é uma proposição verdadeira.
	
	
	As duas asserções são proposições falsas.
		They had ___ arrived when they were told to go back to their houses again.
	
	
	
	already
Explicação:
It is good to create a footnote. It may come at the bottom of the page.
Imagine this situation: The translator decides to give extra information to the TL reader. So how can he do it? Mark the best way to provide this extra information: 
	
	
	Create a footnote. (Nota de rodapé
"
Watch out" means ___.
	
	
	be careful
Explicação:
"Verter um texto" é o mesmo que traduzir um texto mantendo a ideia original. 
Written - Translation performed in written form, irrespective of the text format, and can be literal or non-literal, consecutive or simultaneous.
Consecutive - Type of oral translation in which the SL is translated into the TL after the utterance has been made.
		We have learned different types of translations. Choose the WRONG definition about one type:
	
	
	
	Human-Assisted Machine Translation (MAMT) - Translation in which a computer system does most of the translation, appealing in case of difficulty to a (mono- or bilingual) human for help.
	
	
	Non-literary - Translation of texts that belong to the world of facts (eg. weather forecast, reports).
	
	
	Machine Translation (MT) - Translation in which a computer program analyses a text in a SL and produces a text in the TL without human intervention; this sort of translation, however, involve pre- or post-editingfrom a translator.
	
	
	Consecutive - Type of written translation in which the SL is translated into the TL after the utterance has been made.
	
	
	Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT)/ Machine-Assisted Translation (MAT) / Translation in which human translators interact with a translation system, as an assistance tool, and which offers, a list of translations that best complete the part of the sentence already translated.
The period called THE GREAT AGE OF TRANSLATION can be said to refer to:
	
	The Renaissance, a cultural movement which encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literature
		.
		The work of an interpreter is very stressing and requires a lot of ability and practice from the professional. Some of the skills required include, except:
	
	
	
	Having low professional standards and professional conduct.
	
	
	Be used to doing simultaneous and consecutive interpretation and sight translation.
	
	
	Ability to accurately and idiomatically turn the message from the SL into the TL without any additions, omissions or other misleading factors that alter the intended meaning of the message from the speaker.
	
	
	Ability to communicate orally including appropriate delivery and poise.
	
	
	High degree of proficiency in both English and the other language. Impartiality.
		Once the translator has accepted a translation task, there are certain basic stages that should be followed. Choose the option that does not follow  the basic stages:
	
	
	
	Glossary Development: A glossary is created to ensure consistency of terminology, so that translations complement one another and are consistent;
	
	
	Initial Translation: The source document is translated;
	
	
	Client disapproval: The first draft of the document is not sent to the client.
	
	
	Translator Proofreading: The original translator now proofs the formatted text for any discrepancies caused by formatting, such as improper hyphenation, omissions, etc.
                  
	
	
	Evaluation: The project is evaluated using the following criteria: Target Language / Audience and Subject Matter;
	
Explicação:
Client Approval: The first draft of the document is sent to the client for approval.
	Translations can be classified into many different categories, depending on the form (oral, written), type (literal, non-literal), method (simultaneous, consecutive), the medium (human, computer-assisted, mechanic).
	
Explicação:
Summative translation implies that only the main ideas are translated into the target language, which was the case in our example in Portuguese.
 Typical features attributed to these types of texts include the following: they have a written base-form, though they may also be  spoken; they enjoy canonicity (high social prestige); they fulfil an affective/aesthetic rather than transactional or informational function, aiming to provoke emotions and/or entertain rather than influence or inform; they have no real-world truth-value - i.e. they are judged as fictional, whether fact-based or not; they feature words, images, etc., with ambiguous and/or indeterminable meanings; they are characterized by 'poetic' language use (where language form is important in its own right, as with word-play or rhyme) and heteroglossia (i.e. they contain more than one 'voice'; and they may draw on minoritized styles - styles outside the dominant standard, for example slang or archaism. 
	
	Literary texts
The type of translation in which a computer program analyses a source text and produces a target text without any human intervention is called: 
	
	Mechanical translation
		Kind of translation that keeps the meaning from the SL but uses the natural forms of the TL, also known as idiomatic translation. The prior sentence is a good definition for:
	
	
	
	
	free translation ( Quando pegamos a ideia do autor – exemplo de nomes de filmes)
A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II e III de 1) No news ..I.. good news; 2) The Brazilian people ..II.. very friendly; 3) Your cattle ..III.. there; é:
	 
	I - is / II - are / III - are
		As we know, there are different types of translations. Choose the RIGHT definition about one type:
	
	
	
	Human - Translation from SL to TL made by a machine.
	
	
	Written - Translation performed in written form, irrespective of the text format, and can be literal or non-literal, consecutive or simultaneous.
	
	
	Oral - Translation performed in oral form, irrespective of the text format and can only be literal or non-literal, consecutive or simultaneous.
	
	
	Computer-aided - Translation in which a human translator decodes language from SL to TL with any kind of assistance of a computer.
	
	
	Mechanical  - Translation in which human being analyses a source text and produces a target text.
sworn translators – tradutores juramentados (Somente esses tradutores – (able to take a contest)
· Translate for legal equivalence 
Tipo de Tradução
Machine aided_ auxiliado por máquina
Machine Translation- o computador só traduz palavra por palavra. E muito limitado culturalmente. Pode usar a máquina como ajuda, mas não como o único recurso.
Computer-assisted translater- é uma base de tradução/ Não significa que ela vai traduzir tudo para vc assim como machine translation
Human
Human aided – auxialiado por humano Um linguista vai aalimentar informações no sistema
Oral_ simultaneous (quando a pessoa traduz as frases por exemplo da música cantada e não pode pausar ou sendo intérprete de alguém)
Oral - Consecutive_ quando uma pessoa traduz o que a outra diz e pode pausar, por exemplo em uma intrevista.
Sight translation – quando ela traduz um texto escrito oralmente
Um tradutor não pode ser – stuck e strict / não precisa sérum good traveler
3 aula
PSYCHO-LINGUISTICS
How do people learn a language? How do they understand it? How do they produce it? 
SOCIO-
LINGUISTICS
Who speaks? What about? To whom? When?
· Saussure - langue and parole
· Chomsky- competence and performance
· Jakobson- 6 functions of the language
(contexto – referencial)
Messege – poetic
Eddresser- emotive --- conative
Contact – phatic
Code- metaligual
Kind of translations - Jakobson
· intralingual (rewording): reformulação / love= an intention affection…
· interlingual (translation proper): love = amor
intersemiotic (transmutation): book – movie (de uma mídia “livro” para outro tipo de mídia “cinema”
LANGUAGE PROCESSING refers to the identification of the processes that underlie writing and speaking – considered productive skills – and listening and reading – considered receptive skills.
 LANGUAGE STORAGE refers to how sounds and grammar are represented and stored in the user’s mind. 
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION refers to the long-running debate as to whether language is innate or acquired. 
Translated work
· Creation of meaning in the target language 
· Identification of a target audience
· Restoration of the impact, the purpose and the meaning
· Background culture vs. own culture
Original work
· Creation of meaning 
· Target audience
· Purpose
· Culture
 
Which of the items below explain the concept of Intralingual Translation?
	
	It is synonymous of rewording: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language.
Explicação:
Since the text mentions the issues related to bilingual dictionaries, the answer should refer to the concept of interlingual translation (or translation proper) when two different languages are at play.
According to Sociolinguistics, a translator has to go back to comparing and contrasting both texts within their target context in mind.
 
		Sapir-Whorf´s Hypothesis basically states that:
	
	
	
	certain ideas from a SL language cannot be understood by those who speak another language either because the structure or the semantics of the language does not have a corresponding message
A tradução ___simultânea é um tipo de tradução oral no qual as sentenças produzidas na língua fonte são traduzidas quase queao mesmo tempo em que são pronunciadas.
There are different types of translation. Choose the alternative that is an example of COMPUTER AIDED TRANSLATION
	
	
	machine translation
I) there is a common human experience which will allow the TL reader relate to the experience being described (v )
 II) there is similarity of mental and linguistic structures which will cater for the understanding of the message ( v)
III) texts which would not attract anyone¿s attention or which would be translated out of context, would be likely to be translated (f )
 IV) there is empathy (v )
V) certain thoughts of speakers of a language that cannot be understood by individuals that speak another language ( f)
The correct sequence for the nformation above is: 
	
	
	T, T, T, F, F
	
	
	T, T, F, F, T
	
	
	T, T, F, T, F
		pragmatics can be defined as:
	
	
	
	the study of the purposes for which sentences are used
There are different types of translation. Choose the alternative that is an example of MECHANICAL TRANSLATION
	
	translation in which a computer program analyses a source text and produces a target text without any human intervention.
		To "wet one's whistle" is to ___.
	
	
	
	
	have a drink
As expressões sublinhadas e destacadas em negrito nas frases a seguir são consideradas expressões idiomáticas da língua inglesa:
I don't know him from Adam.
Your dress looks like something out of the ark.
	
	Encontre expressões equivalentes, como "Nunca o vi mais gordo" ou "Seu vestido é do tempo da onça".
		To "walk all over" someone is to ___ them.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	impose on
		In the relation between English and Portuguese, are examples of false cognates:
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Actually, college, grip, cigar
Corpus linguistics is a study of language and a method of linguistic analysis which uses a collection of natural or "real word" texts known as corpus.  So corpus linguistics can aid the translator by:
R: Allowing analysis of multiple parameters at the same time (researchers can analyze a larger number of parameters simultaneously);
		According to JaKobson, there are three kinds of translation. Mark the correct option:
	
	
	Intralingual / interlingual / intersemiotic;
Intralingual (rewording) / interlingual (translation proper) / intersemiotic (transmutation).
Any comparison of two languages implies an examination of their mutual translatability; ... It is difficult to overestimate the urgent need for and the theoretical and practical significance of differential bilingual dictionaries with careful comparative definition of all the corresponding units in their intension and extension. Likewise differential bilingual grammars should define what unifies and what differentiates the two languages in their selection and delimitation of grammatical concepts.
(JACKOBSON, Roman. On linguistic aspects of translation: Cambridge: CUP, 1959).
	
	Interlingual translation (or translation proper)
Idiomatic translation: May distort nuances of meaning. Message-based.
Adaptation: Source language converted to target language. Context-based.
 
		We have studied the Newmark´s methods of translation. Mark the WRONG definition about them:
	
	
	
	Non-adaptation: Source language should not convert to target language.
	
	
	Semantic translation: Takes into account the semantic value of the source language. Context-based;
Explicação:
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf contributed to the study of psycholinguistics with the hypothesis that translation between languages would be impossible as there are certain thoughts of speakers of a language that cannot be understood by individuals that speak another language
Explicação:
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf contributed to the study of psycholinguistics with the hypothesis that translation between languages would be impossible as there are certain thoughts of speakers of a language that cannot be understood by individuals that speak another language
	
	
	God to the language of man
ADJETIVOS: QUANTIDADE, QUALIDADE OU OPINIÃO, TAMANHO, , IDADE, FORMATO, COR, ORIGEM, RELIGIÃO E MATERIAL
Intelligent and young girl.
If you are "quaking in your boots", you are
	
	Afraid
A UT is the starting point for any translation, and it changes and varies according to the translator´s needs.
		Unit of translation (UT) depends on some aspects. Mark the WRONG aspect about them:
	
	
	
	A UT is the starting point for any translation, and it does not change according to the translator´s needs.
	
	
	The UT is a segment of a text which the translator sees and treats as a single cognitive unit.
	
	
	The UT may be a larger unit and the larger the unit,  the better chances for a more accurate translation.
	
	
	The UT may be a single word or a phrase.
	
	
	The UT may be one or more sentences or even a larger unit.
xplicação:
The three "Cs" of translation are culture, context and chunk of words.
	
 
		
	
		2.
		_____________ foi um dos primeiros linguistas a refletir sobre as contribuições da Linguística para os estudos da tradução. Em seu texto ¿On Linguistic Aspecto f Translation¿, ele discute questões cruciais na compreensão dos processos de tradução como sendo intralingual e interlingual, por exemplo.
	
	
	Roman Jakobson
		According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, mark the option that does NOT agree with his ideas:
	
	
	
	Adaptation: Source language converted to target language. Context-based.
	
	
	Unfaithful translation: Respects grammar partially. No context-based;
	
	
	Free-translation: Target language is the primary focus. Idea-based.
	
	
	Idiomatic translation: May distort nuances of meaning. Message-based;
	
	
	Communicative translation: Tries to keep both context and language well-balanced. Accuracy-and-balance-based.
		According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, what does "Adaptation" mean? Mark the RIGHT meaning:
	
	
	
	Source language converted to target language. Context-based.
		We have studied the Newmark´s methods of translation. Mark the WRONG definition about them:
	
	
	
	Literal translation: no context or whatsoever. Grammar-based;
	
	
	Faithful translation: Respects grammar. Context-based;
	
	
	Non-adaptation: Source language should not convert to target language.
Adaptation: source language converted to target language. Context-based.
	
Explicação:
Faithful translation: Respects grammar. Context-based.
	Psycholinguitics and Cognitive approaches have been working together with a view to enhancing theoretical elements in the field of translation.
	
		De acordo com a posição dos adjetivos, marque a alternativa correta.
	
	
	
	She has a clean cool looks.
5° aula
		"Quick on the uptake" means you are quick to ___.
	
	
	
	understand
Complete the sentence using the correct tense: Stop _______________this noise near me.
	
	
	making;
As time went by, theories about the nature of translation started to emerge. Some issues concerning the challenges of a translation are listed below, EXCEPT:
	
	
	forward translation
		When you translate a text, you have to pay attention to "definite and indefinite articles". Mark the WRONG option about them:
	
	
	
	The indefinite articles are used with singular and plural nouns.
Explicação:
The indefinite articles are used only with singular nouns.
Fashion dresses are being _________in that new store. 
	
	
	sold;
		Complete the sentence using the correct tense:  Samantha was the last person _______ (arrive) at the office.
	
	
	
	arriving;
	
	
	to arrive;
Verbs followed by the gerund or the infinitive: hate, like and love.
		The language from which a text to be translated is originally written is called:
	
	
	
	
	source language
		"Walking on air" means you are ___.
	
	
	
	happy
		If you are "quick on the trigger", you are quick to ___.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Respond
Jack Zipes (1) tem recentemente revigorado a
	Item (1) should have been translatedas 'recentemente revigorou', since the use of the Present Perfect Simple in English for unspecified actions in the past (no specific time reference) should be translated into Brazilian Portuguese by using 'Pretérito Perfeito Simples'.
	
		Choose the CORRECT alternative:
	
	
	
	The result of the election was surprised.
	
	
	The trip to Boston was very exciting.
Dentre os adjetivos abaixo, qual deles só, ou na maioria das vezes, é usado APÓS verbos de ligação?
	
	
	asleep
· MAKE
· FORCE
· LET
· ALLOW
· HAVE
· ASK
· GET
· CON-VINCE
Which of the highlighted items above has not been correctly analyzed in terms of verb tense or grammatical structure?
	
	
	(4) Have been revised and updated - Present Perfect Passive
►Which of the highlighted items above has not been translated adequately?
	
	
	4 - contos populares judaico-espanhóis
Choose the correct preposition for the following phrasal verb: "You have to break the chocolate _______ into squares."
	
	
	up;
To break up = quebrar , separar.
In relation to studies about verb. It ia true to say that the word TENSE mean
	
	
	the specific location of the action in time and the verb used to express this action or event is inflected.
		Complete the following sentence with the causative form of the verb: "We ___________ our house___________."
	
	
	
	have had / repainted.
Explicação:
CAUSATIVE VERBS: HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE = have had / repainted.
It was so foggy that she couldn't make ___ the road ahead. (Estava tão nebuloso que ela não conseguia ver a estrada à frente.)
	
	
	Out
In relation to studies about verb. It ia true to say that the word ASPECT mean?
	
	
	an event or action can be viewed with respect to time, rather than to its actual location in time, and it indicates if an action is completed or not.
Choose the correct causative form You ought have your room_______.
	
	
	Cleaned and freshened
Choose the correct causative form Let´s have our buttler _____ some watter.
	
	
	Brought
		Complete the following sentence with the causative form of the verb: "I __________ my jacket _____________ at a specialist cleaner´s tomorrow."
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Will have/ cleaned;
		Choose the correct preposition for the following phrasal verb: They blew______ the bridge.
	
	
	
	up;
To blow up = exploder
Imagine that I want to emphasise the fact that my sister is still living in Paris.  How can I say this? Mark the CORRECT sentence:
	
	
	My sister has been living in Paris for two years.
Choose the alternative that correctly complete the given sentences: 1. Your website has helped me a lot to ______ the good work. 2. A friend of mine has ____ her wedding. 3. His mother can't ____ his terrible behavior anymore.
	
	
	1.keep up; 2. called off; 3. put up with
1. mantenha-se; 2. cancelado; 3. Aguentar
		The translator must pay attention to the progressive aspects of the verbs. Mark the WRONG option about this:
	
	
	
	The translator must recognize the intention of the original author;
	
	
	The translator must analyze the context and verify whether there must be drastic changes or not;
	
	
	The translator must prioritize syntax or semantics;
	
	
	The translator must find balance between the message (semantics) and the structures (syntax), keeping the 3Cs in mind.
	
	
	The translator must culturally transfer the intention to target language;
	
	Tense expresses time while aspect expresses the fact that a state or action is ongoing.
		
		I´ve been looking _____ my car keys for half an hour. Have you seen them anywhere?
	
	
	
	For
		2.
		Tick ​​the only correct alternative:
	
	
	He always drives his car carefully.
		One of the most complex issues involving Brazilian Portuguese and the English language can be related to the notion of 'verbal aspect', i.e., how an action, event or state, denoted by a verb, relates to the flow of time. Bearing this information in mind, which pairs of sentences would have the same translation in Portuguese, but different aspects in the English language?
	
	
	
	
	I should have been studying hard AND I should be studying hard.
		4.
		My mother has offered to look _____ the children, so we can go to the party.
	
	
	
	After (cuidar)
		5.
		Choose the alternative that correctly complete the given sentences: 1. Don't smoke in the gas stations. Fires_____ easily at this time places. 2. I ___ seeing my parents again. 3. I'm afraid; we have _____ of meat. Will veal do?
	
	1 - break out (eclodir), 2- look forward to (ansioso), 3- run out (ficamos sem)
		There was nothing good on TV so I turned it _____ and went to bed.
	
	
	
	Off
		7.
		To "wear on" someone is to ___ them.
	
	
	Annoy (incomodar)
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		Complete a seguinte sentença: "What time did the sun come __________ today?"
	
	
	Up 
Come up ( nasceu)
	
	
	
		1.
		The meeting has been put _____ to Friday as so many people have got the flu.
	
	
	Back (adiada)
		3.
		Ao processo de passar para uma língua estrangeira um texto que está em sua língua materna denominamos:
	
	
	
	Verter
		4.
		It took 20 years for them to make ___ after their fight.
	
	
	
	Up ( reconciliarem)
		expansive collection presents variations of a classic which have been come down to us through countries and eras.
►The phrasal verb using the verb TO COME in the example above has the same meaning as:
	
	
	
	
	
	
	to pass on by tradition
		6.
		Could you turn _____ the TV? The soap opera is about to start
	
	
	
	On
Pitrè would become a traveling country doctor, and come across one of the most
	
	
	to find by chance (encontrar por acaso)
		A melhor definição para a Phrasal Verb "TO COME IN FOR" é:
	
	
	
	To receive criticism or punishment
The TV is too loud. Can you turn it _____ a bit
	
	
	Up
	
	
	
		3.
		Complete a sentença: "Because I was walking so slowly, my wife kept saying, 'Come __________, come __________ !'"
	
	
	
	On, on
Quando não indica as palavras deve olha o contexto para saber se vai traduzir como presente ou passado
"Water down" means to ___.
	
	
	weaken
Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT in relation to Present Perfect:
	
	
	Present Perfect express actions that occurred in a determined moment in time
The man made ___ with all her money.
	
	
	Off (fugiu)
		.
		To say "word for word" means to 
	
	
	say it exactly the same
► What is the meaning of the word Comprehensive?
	
	
	complete
		► The term legend should be translated into Brazilian Portuguese as:
	
	
	
	Lenda
Os substantivos incontáveis não possuem forma no plural, por isso o usamos apenas na forma singular. We can't use the articles "a" or "an" with these nouns.
Os contáveis usamos formas no plural e no singular
		2.
		Nomes genéricos precisam de atenção especial quando traduzidos do inglês para o português, pois o uso de substantivos contáveis e incontáveis fará diferença na tradução brasileira. Sobre isso, é correto afirmar que:
	
	
	Em inglês, o artigo definido não é usado com substantivos contáveis no plural, mas o mesmo deve estar presente no português.
		3.
		A frase ¿Time flies¿, quando traduzida para o português, vira ¿O tempo voa¿ porque,
	
	
	em português, substantivos comuns não devem iniciar frases.
		4.
		Choose the alternative that correctly translates the following word in English - DISCO
	
	
	Discoteca
If you "walk off with", something you ___ it.
	
	
	steal
		Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT in relation to Present Perfect:
	
	
	
	Present Perfect is mostly used by speakers of BrE rather than by speakers of AmE, who tend to prefer the simple past.
	
	
	The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfectaspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences.
	
	
	Present Perfect is one of the most difficult tense for the Brazilian speaker of Englishto acquire, due mostly to the fact that there is no equivalent in BrP.
	
	
	Present Perfect express actions that occurred in a determined moment in time
	
	
	The Present Perfect tense is one of the most used verb tenses in English.
The TV is too loud. Can you turn it _____ a bit?
	
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