Prévia do material em texto

Leitura e redação em língua inglesa- (aula 4)
		1
        Questão
	
	
	I. Read the text below:
"Peter tried every means possible. However1, he2 could not steer the boat out of the storm".
► The highlighted elements above exemplify, respectively, two cases of cohesion. Which ones?
		
	 
	Lexical Cohesion (reiteration) and Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction)
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (demonstrative) and Grammatical Cohesion (ellipsis)
	 
	Lexical-Grammatical Cohesion (conjunction) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (repetition) and Lexical Cohesion (synonym)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (hypernym) and Grammatical Cohesion (personal) 
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 00:51:55
	
Explicação:
Due to text content, we can see use of a conjunction and a personal pronoun, respectively.
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	READ the story below:
Long ago, there lived a pig that was given plenty of good food to eat each day. Needless to say, the pig was quite satisfied with his life. Satisfied, that is, until one morning when the farmer's wife brought his food and said, "Enjoy this good food while you can, dear pig. For you shan't be around much longer!"
► Make a prediction: What does the farmer's wife most likely tell the pig next?
		
	
	"We will be giving you away."
	
	"We will put you on a diet because you are getting fat!"
	
	"You are being sold to a pet store!"
	
	"We are moving to another farm!"
	 
	"When next we meet, you will be on our dinner table!"
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 01:50:39
	
Explicação:
Prediction - When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses about the themes you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read the texts, you can agree or modify your first impressions about them. When you use this strategy, you are mentally preparing yourself for the reading. Try to understand the title of the text, if there is a one,  or search for  any other visual clues because they generally function as a summary of the text.
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	There are some different ways of reading. Which one is INCORRECT?
		
	 
	Extensive reading - reading for details and for obligation
	 
	Intensive reading - used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information.
	
	Scanning - An objective reading looking for specific information
	
	Thorough reading - a deep, complete reading
	
	Skimming - a quick reading
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 01:54:18
	
Explicação:
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	Match the reading skills with their definitions:
(i) skimming                                  (a) Accurate reading for detailed understanding.
(ii) scanning                                   (b) Used to find a particular piece of information.
(iii) extensive reading                     (c) Used to understand the "gist" or main idea.
(iv) intensive reading                      (d) Used for pleasure and general understanding.
		
	
	(i) - c
(ii) - b
(iii) - d
(iv) - a
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 01:55:25
	
Explicação:
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
A quick reading -  skimming
An objective reading looking for specific information - scanning
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	We have different levels of reading. What is the right definition about "pos-reading"?
		
	 
	It is a phase in which the student has to project his knowledge of the world and textual organization in the systemic elements of the text.
	
	The knowledge of the process of word formation can help readers to deduce meanings.
	 
	It is a level in which the main focus is based on the relationship of the student's world with the author's ideas.
	
	There are words and expressions which are used to link ideas in a given context to promote cohesion and coherence.
	
	Activate the previous knowledge of the students in relation to the knowledge of the world: exploit the title, drawings, graphs, figures, author, source, lexical items.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:01:21
	
Explicação:
Pos-reading is a level in which the main focus is based on the relationship of the student's world with the author's ideas.
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"A text can provide readers with lots of clues that help readers quickly establish what it is about. These need not be just the words. A quick glance at the arrangement - densely written columns, for example ¿-can tell us we are looking at a newspaper article, even when it is been reproduced in an exam paper. We also look for visuals or any other discrete discourse features to help us make informed predictions".
► The underlined information in the text above refers to a specific kind of knowledge which is useful for a better understanding on the communicative functions a text may entail. Which one?
		
	
	Knowledge of grammatical cohesion
	 
	Knowledge of world
	
	Knowledge of lexical cohesion
	
	Knowledge of grammar rules
	 
	Knowledge of lexical-grammatical cohesion
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:14:01
	
Explicação:
The type of information mentioned in the text refers to knowledge related to a text layout, which depends on someone¿s knowledge of world.
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto para responder a questão:
Missouri is called the "Show Me State," because its people have a reputation for believing only what they see. Its name is an Algonquin Indian term meaning "river of the big canoes." Originally home to a number of Indian tribes, the state entered the Union in 1821. Today, more than half the population lives in Missouri's two major cities--Kansas City and St. Louis. The dogwood is the state tree, the bluebird is the state bird and the capital is Jefferson City.
De acordo com o texto acima, marque a assertiva correta.
		
	
	Missouri people only believe in things which can be tested.
	
	The dogwood is a kind of representation of Jefferson City.
	
	Kansas City and St. Louis are names of churches.
	
	Jefferson City is the capital of the Union
	 
	Many of the Indian tribes used to live in Missouri .
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:20:06
	
Explicação:
Many of the Indian tribes used to live in Missouri . - Originally home to a number of Indian tribes...
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	Here are some techniques and strategies for improving your comprehension skills. Which of them is NOT correct?
		
	
	Keep a vocabulary journal.
	
	Determine what you know about the topic, what you want to know, and what you learned.
	 
	Learn affixes: knowing prefixes and suffixes will increase your word recognition.
	
	Identify key words, cognates and false friends.
	 
	If you don't understand a word, stop and look it up in the dictionary.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:20:35
	
Explicação:
If you don't understand a word or section, keep reading ahead. Come back to the section or word again and try to figure out the meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary.
	
	
		1
        Questão
	
	
	Guessing -      During the process of a text comprehension written in foreign language, the reader should try to understand all unknown words in the context they are employed. Then, we shouldconsider:
		
	
	the text subject
	 
	everything the reader knows about the subject
	
	grammatical relations
	 
	the translation of all the words.
	
	parts of the text that the reader has already understood
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:27:19
	
Explicação:
It is important to remember that to understand a word, it does not necessarily mean you  have to know its right translation.
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for understanding a second language. Mark the cognate word:
		
	 
	pasta;
	
	fabric;
	 
	panic;
	
	balcony;
	
	parents;
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:27:53
	
Explicação:
Panic = pânico
 
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	When you are reading a text, you have to consider some points. Mark the WRONG option about them:
		
	
	Reading strategies will help you to comprehend the text without searching for the meaning of the words all the time.
	
	You should not use the dictionary so often.
	 
	In order to understand the text, it is necessary to know all the words.
	
	In general, 50% of the words in a text are not crucial for the understanding of the general meaning.
	
	​​​​​Use the dictionary only to clarify your doubts.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:28:40
	
Explicação:
In general, 50% of the words in a text are not crucial for the understanding of the general meaning.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"The children will be walking to the cathedral and therefore will need to wear suitable footwear and a sun hat or raincoat, depending on the weather."
► The highlighted element in the text conveys the semantic relation of:
		
	 
	Cause
	
	Contrast
	
	Addition
	
	Time
	
	Place
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:51:35
	
Explicação:
The connector therefore is synonymous of for that reason, which related to the establishment of cause relations.
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
 
SCIENTISTS CAN PREDICT YOUR PERSONALITY FROM HOW YOU MOVE YOUR SMARTPHONE
 
"A team of researchers has used technology commonly built into smartphones to help predict people's personality types.
The scientists from RMIT University, Australia, collected data from devices known as accelerometers that detect motion in three dimensions. These are used by numerous applications ranging from motion-sensing games to health apps that track how many steps a user has taken in a day.
Previously, scientists have been able to predict the personality types of phone users by looking at the frequency and length of phone calls that they make, or their messaging behavior. But accelerometer data can make these kinds of predictions even more accurate.
This is because research has shown that people with different personality types often exhibit recognizable patterns of behavior when it comes to physical activity".
Adapted from: https://www.newsweek.com/scientists-personality-predict-smartphone-1451158
 
► The underlined items in the text provide a good example of a cohesive manifestation. Which one?
		
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (substitution)
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (reference)
	 
	Lexical Cohesion (collocation)
	
	Grammatical Cohesion (ellipsis)
	
	Lexical Cohesion (reiteration)
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 02:52:41
	
Explicação:
The typical co-occurrence of linguistic units in a text due to the topic under discussion is called collocations
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	De acordo com o texto, que alternativa NÃO é verdadeira sobre Nova York: NEW YORK New York is the largest city in the United States. More than eight million people live in the Big Apple. New York City is also home of the United Nations. New York city is located in the state of New York. New York City is home to two hundred and fifty museums, four hundred art galleries, and the world famous Broadway for entertainment. New York City is the business capital of the world and many national and international corporations have their headquarters in New York City. Wall Street, the world's leading center of finance and the home of the American Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. As far as professional sports go, this city has two of everything. Two professional baseball, basketball, hockey, and football teams are located in the city.
		
	
	e. There is no bigger city than New Yourk in the USA
	 
	d. New York is the smallest city in USA
	 
	b. Chicago is larger than New York.
	
	a. Chicago is smaller than New York.
	
	c. Little athletics takes place in New York because it is a city.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:19:27
	
Explicação:
False. NEW YORK New York is the largest city in the United States. 
	
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	READ the text below:
 
Success at making inferences depends on the background knowledge and the facts given in the text. Logical reasoning will help you to make inferences about ideas or concepts that the author has not directly stated.
Source: http://studylib.net/doc/7843494/reading-strategies
 
Consider the following situation: 
''Mike is a student in Professor Brown's Biology class. Class starts at 9 a.m. It is now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door and walks into the classroom''.
Based on the previous situatio, we may infer that (choose the correct option):
		
	 
	Mike is late
	
	The professor started the class at 9 a.m. sharp. .
	
	The class is listening
	
	Mike is a student.
	
	Professor Brown teaches Biology
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:21:21
	
Explicação:
An inference is a conclusion that you draw about something by using information that you already have about it.
Class starts at 9 a.m. It is now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door and walks into the classroom'
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for understanding a second language. Mark a FALSE cognate:
		
	
	center;
	
	explosion;
	
	​​​​​​company;
	 
	pretend;
	
	family;
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:21:46
	
Explicação:
​​​​​​ Prentend = fingir.
	
	
		1
        Questão
	
	
	Read the following statement ¿ just knowing the meanings taken from the dictionary does not guarantee the comprehension of the word in the varied contexts it may appear¿. Which strategy can be used to grasp the general or approximate meaning of the word in a context?
		
	
	repeated words
	
	memorizing words
	
	checking the dictionary
	 
	inference
	
	studying idioms
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:28:37
	
Explicação:
Inferences are what we figure out based on an experience. Helping students understand when information is implied, or not directly stated, will improve their skill in drawing conclusions and making inferences. These skills will be needed for all sorts of school assignments, including reading, science and social studies. Inferential thinking is a complex skill that will develop over time and with experience.
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto com atenção e assinale a alternativa que explica o por que, de acordo com o mesmo texto, uma pessoa acima do peso se sente inferior perante a sociedade:
Fat Kids, Cruel World
By Lesley Kinzel | Newsweek Web Exclusive Apr 20, 2010
 After a decade of dieting, false hopes, and dead ends, I was out of options. I was an obese child, now assured of a life as an obese adult. The path I ultimately chose was self-acceptance. I chose to shed self-hatred and to respect myself, something I'd never done before. It was a long time coming; it didn't happen in a week or even a year. But I came to realize that it wasn't my fatness that made me hate exercise; it was the social expectations associated with being fat that did so. It wasn't my fatness that made me feel inferior to and isolated from people I met; it was the cultural ideology which dictated that fat people are lonely, miserable,and unloved.
 
		
	
	Going to the gym and facing skinny and healthy fellows who never seems to be lonely or upset.
	
	Feeling hungry all the time and never being satisfied, as they are always looking for more food.
	
	Having to shop for clothes in specialized stores and feeling that fashion is not suitable for fat people.
	
	Eating more food than regular weight people and spending much more money on this heavy diet.
	 
	The cultural ideology which dictates that fat people are different and full of negative problems
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:29:43
	
Explicação:
 But I came to realize that it wasn't my fatness that made me hate exercise; it was the social expectations associated with being fat that did so. It wasn't my fatness that made me feel inferior to and isolated from people I met; it was the cultural ideology which dictated that fat people are lonely, miserable, and unloved.
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	O são inferências visuais nas estratégias de leitura?
		
	
	Grupo de palavras que oferece informações sobre o autor.
	
	Somente palavras grifadas no texto.
	
	Ideias que conectam o texto e mostram contraste, comparação, etc
	
	Textos não possuem inferências visuais.
	 
	Elementos como títulos, datas, ilustrações, fotos, etc que ajudam na dedução.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:30:08
	
Explicação:
Elementos que se destacam no texto em uma leitura rápida, seja verbal ou não-verbal, e ajuda na compreensão do tema pode ser considerado uma inferência visual.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto com atenção e, usando a técnica da inferência, assinale a alternativa que indica para que a palavra STAYCATION é usada:
 Staying Home for the Holidays: Strapped vacationers are discovering the attractions in their own backyards. Bad news for the global economy. 
 Sophie Grove | NEWSWEEK/Published May 2, 2009
 Juliet Murrell has packed her suitcase. But she's not going anywhere. The 28-year-old interior designer is vacationing at home this year. Murrell, who usually travels to southern France and beyond, is embarking on a "staycation," taking a fortnight off work to swim, cycle and explore areas of her own city, East London, a former industrial zone that has a gritty charm but is hardly the Côte d'Azur. "You have to wake up in the morning with the spirit of adventure," she says. "It's about mentally reviving yourself and your environment." As the pound weakens to near parity with the euro, scores of Britons are canceling their trips to the Mediterranean or the French Riviera and braving the notoriously unpredictable weather at home.
		
	
	to express the parity between the pound and the euro in money market nowadays
	
	as a synonym to Cote d¿Azur, southern France and East London
	
	nominate a mental travel throughout Europe
	 
	as a slang to define the way Londoners are spending their holidays: at home
	
	As a slang to define Londoners long vacations ahead
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:31:28
	
Explicação:
 The 28-year-old interior designer is vacationing at home this year. Murrell, who usually travels to southern France and beyond, is embarking on a "staycation," taking a fortnight off work to swim, cycle and explore areas of her own city, East London
	
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	Leia os versos abaixo:
PROMISES( ERIC CLAPTON)
I don't care if you never come home I don't mind if you just keep on rowin' away on a distant sea 'Cause I don't love you and you don't love me
Lendo essa estrofe da canção de Eric Clapton, podemos concluir que:
		
	 
	It talks about two lovers that are about to brake up.
	
	It talks about endless love.
	
	It talks about a couple separated by distance.
	
	It talks about two people that hate each other.
	
	It talks about a relationship based on trust and confidence.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:32:03
	
Explicação:
I don't care if you never come home I don't mind if you just keep on rowin' away on a distant sea 'Cause I don't love you and you don't love me
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	 Mark the alternative in which all the words are formed by adding a prefix to a root word: (Marque a alternativa em que todas as palavras são formadas pela adição de um prefixo a um radical)
		
	 
	coordinate, hemisphere, ultraviolet
	
	carpenter, wood, hammer, nail
	
	angry, mad, furious, inflamed
	
	clearish, chairs, won¿t, obligation
	
	had, head; their, there; sale, sail
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:32:49
	
Explicação:
coordinate, hemisphere, ultravioleta
co = with or together
hemi = half
ultra = super - excess
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	Which reading strategy would be used for a telephone directory?
		
	
	Previewing
	
	Detailed Reading
	 
	Scanning
	 
	Inference
	
	Skimming
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:33:23
	
Explicação:
Scanning é uma leitura mais detalhada e tem o objetivo de fazer o leitor ter mais informações sobre o texto , ou seja, informações especifica. 
É realmente um processo de scanear o texto com os olhos, buscar palavras mais especificas e informações precisas.
 
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	In order to be able to make inferences and draw conclusions, the reader is supposed to use the following resources, EXCEPT:
		
	 
	Background or previous knowledge: When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses about the themes you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read the texts, you can agree or modify your first impressions about them.
	
	Non-linguistic context (non-verbal information): information presented on maps, tables, pictures, drawings
	
	Semantic context: the meaning of the text as a whole, i.e., to guess the meaning of the words and ideas based on the context, taking into consideration the words, phrases and sentences which precede and proceed them, and which contribute to the construction of the text as a whole.
	 
	Linguistic context: clues which determine if the word is a noun, a verb, an adjective, etc.
	
	Knowledge on textual organization: clues and information from the title, subtitles, thesis statements, etc.
	Respondido em 12/11/2020 03:34:36
	
Explicação:
Background or previous knowledge: knowledge the reader already has about the subject of the text.