1-Crimes Cibernéticos_ Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico

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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
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Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a
Criminalidade na Internet
01/09/2020
Gutembergue Silva Medeiros*
Júlio César Rodrigues Ugalde
Resumo: A globalização e a consequente difusão da internet e dos dispositivos eletrônicos
de comunicação, tais como smartphones, computadores e tablets, ao mesmo tempo que
favoreceu a instantânea troca de informações e otimizou os mecanismos de comunicação e
negociação, também propiciou o surgimento de condutas criminosas ocorridas no
cyberespaço. Assim, destaca-se o dever que o Direito possui acompanhar essa evolução,
regendo e limitando situações advindas das relações cibernéticas. O presente estudo possui
como escopo traçar um panorama  geral sobre os crimes virtuais, de modo a abordar
conceitos de internet, elencando um rol exemplificativo de condutas criminosas na web,
evidenciando os percalços causados pela falta de uma regulamentação específica acerca do
tema e apontando peculiaridades sobre mecanismos de investigação e obtenção de provas.
O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa baseou-se na metodologia dogmática e fez uso do
método dedutivo, ao passo que a problemática se pauta nos impasses causados pela
ausência de um ordenamento jurídico firme, atualizado e próprio para tratar desses crimes.
Em detrimento das dificuldades de rastrear e identificar os criminosos, a internet é
comumente taxada como uma “terra sem lei”, o que torna imprescindível um regramento
específico para tratar do assunto com a devida atenção, protegendo a sociedade e punindo
os responsáveis pela prática de ilícitos no cyberespaço.
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 2/45
Palavras-chave: Globalização. Cyberespaço. Crimes. Regulamentação. Internet.
 
Abstract: Globalization and the consequent spread of the internet and electronic
communication devices, such as smartphones, computersand tablets, at the same time that
favored the instant exchange of information and optimized the communication and
negotiation mechanisms, also led to the emergence of criminal conduct that occurred in
cyberspace. Thus, the duty that the Law has to monitor this evolution stands out, governing
and limiting situations arising from cyber relationships. The present study aims to outline an
overview of cybercrimes, in order to address internet concepts, listing an exemplary list of
criminal conduct on the web, highlighting the problems caused by the lack of specific
regulations on the topic and pointing out peculiarities about mechanisms for investigating
and obtaining evidence. The development of this research was based on the dogmatic
methodology and made use of the deductive method, while the problem is based on the
impasses caused by the absence of a firm, updated and proper legal order to deal with these
crimes. To the detriment of the difficulties of tracking and identifying criminals, the internet
is commonly classified as a “land without law”, which makes a specific rule essential to deal
with the matter with due attention, protecting society and punishing those responsible for
the practice of illicit activities in cyberspace.
PUBLICIDADE
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 3/45
Palavras-chave: Globalization. Cyberspace. Crimes. Regulation. Internet.
 
Sumário: Introdução. 1. Panorama histórico e conceitual. 1.1. internet. 1.2. Crimes
cibernéticos. 2. Principais condutas criminosas através do cyberespaço. 2.1. Crimes contra a
honra. 2.2. Pornografia infantil e pedofilia. 2.3. Estelionato e fraudes virtuais. 2.4. Crimes
contra a propriedade intelectual. 2.5.  Invasão de privacidade e espionagem eletrônica. 3.
Ordenamento jurídico pátrio acerca do tema. 3.1. Leis. 3.2. Insuficiência de normas
específicas. 4. Investigação e obtenção de provas. 4.1. Inquérito eletrônico. 4.2. Identificação
do criminoso. 4.3. Possíveis soluções de otimização. 4.4. Processo e julgamento. Conclusão.
Referências.
 
INTRODUÇÃO
De forma geral, a internet surgiu no contexto da Guerra Fria entre a Ex-União Soviética e os
Estados Unidos, diante da imprescindibilidade em compartilhar informações entre locais
distantes entre si. Ao final da referida guerra, essa sistemática de comunicação foi
aproveitada pelas universidades, tornando-a popular. Assim, verifica-se que a ferramenta
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 4/45
que originalmente pertencia ao contexto de uma guerra, se transformou em algo
importantíssimo no dia-a-dia de pessoas do mundo inteiro, o que, não somente ocasionou
vantagens, mas também abriu brecha para a ocorrência de diversascondutas criminosas.
Desde então, o alcance da internet tem tomado proporções imensas, concomitantemente ao
aumento da quantidade de usuários, cuja causa, de acordo com Wendt , se deve à “A
evolução tecnológica e o barateamento dos computadores e dispositivos móveis de acesso
à rede mundial”.
Nesse diapasão, a presente pesquisa possui como escopo contextualizar a ocorrência dos
crimes cibernéticos, de modo a ressaltar os perigos causados por um regramento
insuficiente no tocante ao tema.
Na hipótese de abordagem sobre os crimes cibernéticos, a problemática primordial do
estudo se insurge diante das definições de crimes cibernéticos e de possíveis maneiras
eficientes no combate a essa natureza de infração, notoriamente não tutelada como deveria
pelo ordenamento jurídico penal pátrio, acarretando em altos índices de impunidade. Nesse
sentido, destacam-se como objetivos gerais realizar uma análise sobre os crimes
cibernéticos e apontar os principais entraves à identificação e punição dos criminosos. A fim
de se chegar a tais objetivos, foi necessário traçar um contexto conceitual e histórico sobre
internet e o desenvolvimento dessas condutas em tal meio, juntamente com uma exposição
[2]
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 5/45
acerca da (insuficiente) legislação que versa sobre o tema, além dos desdobramentos dessa
falta de especificidade no contexto da produção de provas e processamento dos crimes
virtuais.
A realização da presente pesquisa foi baseada em pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, por meio
de doutrinas, jurisprudências, documentos, artigos e vídeos, a fim de se tomar nota das
divergentes correntes de opinião sobre o assunto. Foi imperiosa a adoção do método
dedutivo para o desenvolvimento do estudo. Restou evidenciado o crescimento recorrente
dos índices dessa modalidade criminosa. Ressalte-se o uso da pesquisa descritiva,
apontando a otimização da legislação existente a fim de diminuir a impunidade reveste essa
esfera de crimes.
 
1 PANORAMA HISTÓRICO E CONCEITUAL
     Os avanços do fenômeno da globalização trouxeram consigo a internet, desenvolvida e
otimizada nas últimas décadas. Um sistema com o poder de interligar computadores,
celulares e, consequentemente, pessoas, fortalecendo e facilitando a comunicação. A então
denominada ‘’Era da Informação’’ elevou a internet ao patamar de meio de comunicação
mais popular e efetivo de todos os tempos, tendo em vista sua influência massiva nas
PUBLICIDADE
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 6/45
relações sociais, econômicas e políticas. Entretanto, todo avanço traz em seu bojo algumas
desvantagens, não sendo diferente com a internet: a rapidez nos meios de comunicação
possibilitou a ocorrência dos chamados crimes cibernéticos.
 
1.1 INTERNET
A internet teve sua origem, curiosamente, em meio ao contexto de guerras espacial e Fria,
concomitante ao surgimento da NASA, em meados dos anos 60, especificamente em 1963.
O grande nome por trás do surgimento dessa ferramenta incrível é Joseph Licklider.
Obviamente, a internet não nasceu com todas as funcionalidades que possui hoje, porém
seu princípio básico se estende até os dias atuais: constituir um meio de comunicação ideal
para quebrar fronteiras e superar grandes distâncias a fim de levar informações a seus
usuários.
Rosa contextualizao surgimento da web com a época em que foi concebida:
 
[3]
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22/11/2020 Crimes Cibernéticos: Considerações Sobre a Criminalidade na Internet - Âmbito Jurídico
https://ambitojuridico.com.br/cadernos/direito-penal/crimes-ciberneticos-consideracoes-sobre-a-criminalidade-na-internet/ 7/45
O departamento de defesa dos EUA apoiou uma pesquisa sobre comunicações e redes que
poderiam sobreviver a uma destruição parcial, em caso de guerra nuclear. A intenção era
difundi-la de tal forma que, se os EUA viessem a sofrer bombardeiros, tal rede permaneceria
ativa, pois não existiria um central sistema e as informações poderiam trafegar por caminhos
alternativos até chegar o destinatário. Assim, em 1962, a ARPA encarregou a
Randcorporatino (um conselho formado em 1948) de tal mister, que foi apresentar seu
primeiro plano em 1967. Em 1969, a rede da comunicação militares foi batizada de ARPANET
(rede da agencia de projetos avançados de pesquisa).No fim de 1972, Ray Tomlinson inventa
o correio eletrônico, até hoje a aplicação mais utilizada na NET. Em 1973, a Inglaterra e a
Noruega foram ligadas à rede, tornando-se, com isso, um fenômeno mundial. Foi quando
no mesmo ano veio a público a especificação do protocolo para transferência de arquivos, o
FTP, outra aplicação fundamental na internet. Portanto, nesse ano, quem tivesse ligado a
ARPANET já podia se logar. Como terminal em um servidor remoto, copiar arquivos e trocar
mensagens. Devido ao rápido crescimento da ARPANET, Vinton Cerf e Bob Kahn
propuseram o (Transmisson Control Protoco/internet Protocol– TCO/IP), um novo sistema
que utilizava uma arquitetura de comunicação em camadas, com protocolos distintos,
cuidando de tarefas distintas. Ao TCP cabia quebrar mensagens. Ao IP cabia descobrir o
caminho adequado entre o remetente e o destinatário e enviar os pacotes.
 
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